e10vq
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2008
OR
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-31720
PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE
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30-0168701 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
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(IRS Employer Identification No.) |
incorporation or organization) |
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800 Nicollet Mall, Suite 800 |
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Minneapolis, Minnesota
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55402 |
(Address of principal executive offices)
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(Zip Code) |
(612) 303-6000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large
accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer: þ
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Accelerated filer: o
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Non-accelerated filer: o
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Smaller reporting company: o |
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act
Rule 12b-2). Yes o No þ
As of July 25, 2008, the registrant had 19,172,678 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
Piper Jaffray Companies
Index to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Piper Jaffray Companies
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
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June 30, |
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December 31, |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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(Amounts in thousands, except share data) |
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(Unaudited) |
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Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
33,231 |
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$ |
150,348 |
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Cash and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes |
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7,000 |
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Receivables: |
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Customers |
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98,291 |
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124,329 |
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Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
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66,128 |
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87,668 |
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Deposits with clearing organizations |
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34,500 |
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30,649 |
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Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
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83,074 |
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52,931 |
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Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned |
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570,671 |
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550,335 |
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Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and pledged as collateral |
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243,023 |
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242,214 |
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Total financial instruments and other inventory positions owned |
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813,694 |
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792,549 |
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Fixed assets (net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $59,877 and $55,508,
respectively) |
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22,870 |
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27,208 |
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Goodwill |
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284,804 |
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284,804 |
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Intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization of $6,920 and $5,609, respectively) |
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15,833 |
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17,144 |
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Other receivables |
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50,746 |
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47,719 |
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Other assets |
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113,902 |
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107,807 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
1,624,073 |
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$ |
1,723,156 |
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Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
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Short-term bank financing |
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$ |
161,500 |
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$ |
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Payables: |
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Customers |
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68,678 |
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91,272 |
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Checks and drafts |
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5,243 |
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7,444 |
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Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
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100,960 |
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23,675 |
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Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
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68,703 |
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247,202 |
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Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased |
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182,854 |
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224,710 |
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Accrued compensation |
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49,643 |
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132,908 |
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Other liabilities and accrued expenses |
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62,607 |
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83,356 |
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Total liabilities |
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700,188 |
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810,567 |
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Shareholders equity: |
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Common stock, $0.01 par value: |
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Shares authorized: 100,000,000 at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007;
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Shares issued: 19,494,488 at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007;
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Shares outstanding: 16,093,907 at June 30, 2008 and 15,662,835 at December 31, 2007 |
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195 |
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195 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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732,459 |
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737,735 |
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Retained earnings |
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360,829 |
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367,900 |
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Less common stock held in treasury, at cost: 3,400,581 shares at June 30, 2008 and
3,831,653 shares at December 31, 2007 |
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(170,695 |
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(194,461 |
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Other comprehensive income |
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1,097 |
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1,220 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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923,885 |
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912,589 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
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$ |
1,624,073 |
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$ |
1,723,156 |
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See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Piper Jaffray Companies
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended |
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Six Months Ended |
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June 30, |
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June 30, |
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(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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Revenues: |
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Investment banking |
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$ |
32,184 |
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$ |
74,872 |
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$ |
87,449 |
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$ |
158,605 |
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Institutional brokerage |
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51,196 |
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38,597 |
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81,008 |
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80,291 |
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Interest |
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13,114 |
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13,816 |
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28,273 |
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31,226 |
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Asset management |
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4,697 |
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72 |
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8,670 |
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199 |
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Other income/(loss) |
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(460 |
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(364 |
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(2,060 |
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324 |
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Total revenues |
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100,731 |
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126,993 |
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203,340 |
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270,645 |
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Interest expense |
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5,826 |
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4,417 |
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12,704 |
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11,119 |
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Net revenues |
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94,905 |
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122,576 |
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190,636 |
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259,526 |
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Non-interest expenses: |
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Compensation and benefits |
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65,885 |
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71,707 |
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131,136 |
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151,823 |
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Occupancy and equipment |
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8,133 |
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8,849 |
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16,243 |
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16,571 |
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Communications |
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5,869 |
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5,997 |
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12,608 |
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12,256 |
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Floor brokerage and clearance |
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3,899 |
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4,176 |
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6,553 |
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7,691 |
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Marketing and business development |
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7,381 |
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6,380 |
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13,477 |
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12,061 |
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Outside services |
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11,431 |
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9,122 |
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20,248 |
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16,439 |
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Other operating expenses |
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6,603 |
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1,194 |
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9,077 |
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4,950 |
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Total non-interest expenses |
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109,201 |
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107,425 |
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209,342 |
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221,791 |
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Income/(loss) from continuing operations before
income tax expense/(benefit) |
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(14,296 |
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15,151 |
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(18,706 |
) |
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37,735 |
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Income tax expense/(benefit) |
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(9,223 |
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4,774 |
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(10,196 |
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12,636 |
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Net income/(loss) from continuing operations |
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(5,073 |
) |
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10,377 |
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(8,510 |
) |
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25,099 |
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Discontinued operations: |
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Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |
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1,439 |
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(1,051 |
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1,439 |
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(2,355 |
) |
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Net income/(loss) |
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$ |
(3,634 |
) |
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$ |
9,326 |
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$ |
(7,071 |
) |
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$ |
22,744 |
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Earnings per basic common share |
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Income/(loss) from continuing operations |
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$ |
(0.32 |
) |
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$ |
0.61 |
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$ |
(0.53 |
) |
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$ |
1.47 |
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Income/(loss) from discontinued operations |
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0.09 |
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(0.06 |
) |
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0.09 |
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(0.14 |
) |
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Earnings per basic common share |
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$ |
(0.23 |
) |
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$ |
0.55 |
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$ |
(0.44 |
) |
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$ |
1.33 |
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Earnings per diluted common share |
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Income from continuing operations |
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N/A |
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$ |
0.58 |
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N/A |
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$ |
1.40 |
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Loss from discontinued operations |
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N/A |
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(0.06 |
) |
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N/A |
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(0.13 |
) |
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Earnings per diluted common share |
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N/A |
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$ |
0.52 |
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N/A |
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$ |
1.27 |
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Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |
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Basic |
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16,072 |
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17,073 |
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15,951 |
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17,072 |
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Diluted |
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16,709 |
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17,919 |
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16,671 |
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|
17,969 |
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See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Piper Jaffray Companies
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
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Six Months Ended June 30, |
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(Dollars in thousands) |
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2008 |
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2007 |
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Operating Activities: |
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Net income/(loss) |
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$ |
(7,071 |
) |
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$ |
22,744 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets |
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4,755 |
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4,413 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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2,331 |
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|
8,123 |
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Gain on disposal of fixed assets |
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|
314 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
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22,165 |
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|
12,503 |
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
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|
1,311 |
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|
800 |
|
Decrease/(increase) in operating assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents segregated for regulatory purposes |
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(7,000 |
) |
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Receivables: |
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|
Customers |
|
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25,991 |
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|
(7,217 |
) |
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
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|
23,132 |
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|
178,566 |
|
Deposits with clearing organizations |
|
|
(3,851 |
) |
|
|
3,802 |
|
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
|
|
(30,143 |
) |
|
|
11,778 |
|
Net financial instruments and other inventory positions owned |
|
|
(63,005 |
) |
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|
69,093 |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
(3,113 |
) |
|
|
(1,424 |
) |
Other assets |
|
|
(8,431 |
) |
|
|
(4,551 |
) |
Increase/(decrease) in operating liabilities: |
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|
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Payables: |
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Customers |
|
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(22,588 |
) |
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|
(11,364 |
) |
Checks and drafts |
|
|
(2,201 |
) |
|
|
(4,306 |
) |
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
|
|
75,430 |
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(169,257 |
) |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
|
|
3,015 |
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|
1,465 |
|
Accrued compensation |
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(78,964 |
) |
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|
(77,923 |
) |
Other liabilities and accrued expenses |
|
|
(21,000 |
) |
|
|
(31,690 |
) |
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Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities |
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|
(89,237 |
) |
|
|
5,869 |
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Investing Activities: |
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Purchases of fixed assets, net |
|
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(509 |
) |
|
|
(5,500 |
) |
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|
|
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|
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|
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Net cash used in investing activities |
|
|
(509 |
) |
|
|
(5,500 |
) |
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Financing Activities: |
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Increase in securities loaned |
|
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|
|
408 |
|
Decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
|
|
(181,514 |
) |
|
|
(38,159 |
) |
Increase in short-term bank financing |
|
|
161,500 |
|
|
|
33,000 |
|
Repurchase of common stock |
|
|
(8,192 |
) |
|
|
(17,442 |
) |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation |
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
2,068 |
|
Proceeds from stock option transactions |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
2,266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in financing activities |
|
|
(27,394 |
) |
|
|
(17,859 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency adjustment: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(117,117 |
) |
|
|
(17,279 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
|
150,348 |
|
|
|
39,903 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
|
$ |
33,231 |
|
|
$ |
22,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information -
Cash paid/(received) during the period for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
|
$ |
13,095 |
|
|
$ |
10,822 |
|
Income taxes |
|
$ |
(5,028 |
) |
|
$ |
1,815 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash financing activities -
Issuance of common stock for retirement plan obligations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,140 shares and 8,619 shares for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively |
|
$ |
3,704 |
|
|
$ |
598 |
|
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Piper Jaffray Companies
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Note 1 Background
Piper Jaffray Companies is the parent company of Piper Jaffray & Co. (Piper Jaffray), a
securities broker dealer and investment banking firm; Piper Jaffray Ltd., a firm providing
securities brokerage and investment banking services in Europe headquartered in London, England;
Piper Jaffray Asia Holdings Limited, an entity providing investment banking services in China
headquartered in Hong Kong; Fiduciary Asset Management, LLC (FAMCO), an entity providing asset
management services to clients through separately managed accounts and closed end funds offering an
array of investment products; Piper Jaffray Financial Products Inc., an entity that facilitates
customer derivative transactions; Piper Jaffray Financial Products II Inc., an entity dealing
primarily in variable rate municipal products; and other immaterial subsidiaries. Piper Jaffray
Companies and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) operate as one reporting segment
providing investment banking services, institutional sales, trading and research services, and
asset management services. As discussed more fully in Note 4, the Company completed the sale of its
Private Client Services branch network and certain related assets to UBS Financial Services, Inc.,
a subsidiary of UBS AG (UBS), on August 11, 2006, thereby exiting the Private Client Services
(PCS) business.
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Piper Jaffray Companies, its
wholly owned subsidiaries and other entities in which the Company has a controlling financial
interest. All material intercompany balances have been eliminated. Certain financial information
for prior periods has been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with respect to Form 10-Q and reflect
all adjustments that in the opinion of management are normal and recurring and that are necessary
for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. In accordance with these
rules and regulations, certain disclosures that are normally included in annual financial
statements have been omitted. The consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q
should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included
in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. These principles require management to make certain estimates and
assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the
consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The nature of the Companys
business is such that the results of any interim period may not be indicative of the results to be
expected for a full year.
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Refer to the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, for a
full description of the Companys significant accounting policies. Changes to the Companys
significant accounting policies are described below.
Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial instruments and other
inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, are carried at fair value on the consolidated
statements of financial condition, with unrealized gains and losses reflected in the consolidated
statements of operations. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date (i.e. the exit price). Securities (both long and short) are
recognized on a trade-date basis.
Fair Value Hierarchy
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). Prior to January 1, 2008, the Company followed the
American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Audit and Accounting Guide, Brokers
and Dealers in Securities, when determining fair value for financial instruments. SFAS 157 defines
fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy
based on the inputs used to measure fair value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value
measurements. SFAS 157 maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the
observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are
inputs that market participants
would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from independent sources.
Unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset
or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy
is broken down into three levels based on the transparency of inputs as follows:
Level 1 Quoted prices (unadjusted) are available in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities as of the report date. A quoted price for an identical asset or liability in an
active market provides the most reliable fair value measurement because it is directly observable
to the market. The type of financial instruments included in Level 1 are highly liquid
instruments with quoted prices such as certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government agency
securities, equities listed in active markets and certain firm investments.
Level II Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either
directly or indirectly observable as of the report date. The nature of these financial
instruments include instruments for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently,
derivative instruments whose fair value have been derived using a model where inputs to the model
are directly observable in the market, or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data, and instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments,
the parameters of which can be directly observed. Instruments which are generally included in
this category are certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government agency securities, corporate
bonds, certain municipal bonds, certain asset-backed securities and derivatives.
Level III Instruments that have little to no pricing observability as of the report date.
These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using managements best
estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant
management judgment or estimation. Instruments included in this category generally include
auction rate municipal securities, certain firm investments, certain asset-backed securities,
residual interests in securitizations and certain convertible securities.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
When available, the Company values financial instruments at observable market prices,
observable market parameters, or broker or dealer prices (bid and ask prices). In the case of
financial instruments transacted on recognized exchanges, the observable market prices represent
quotations for completed transactions from the exchange on which the financial instrument is
principally traded.
A substantial percentage of the fair value of the Companys financial instruments and other
inventory positions owned, financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and pledged as
collateral, and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased,
are based on observable market prices, observable market parameters, or derived from broker or
dealer prices. The availability of observable market prices and pricing parameters can vary from
product to product. Where available, observable market prices and pricing or market parameters in a
product may be used to derive a price without requiring significant judgment. In certain markets,
observable market prices or market parameters are not available for all products, and fair value is
determined using techniques appropriate for each particular product. These techniques involve some
degree of judgment.
For investments in illiquid or privately held securities that do not have readily determinable
fair values, the determination of fair value requires the Company to estimate the value of the
securities using the best information available. Among the factors considered by the Company in
determining the fair value of such financial instruments are the cost, terms and liquidity of the
investment, the financial condition and operating results of the issuer, the quoted market price of
publicly traded securities with similar quality and yield, and other factors generally pertinent to
the valuation of investments. In instances where a security is subject to transfer restrictions,
the value of the security is based primarily on the quoted price of a similar security without
restriction but may be reduced by an amount estimated to reflect such restrictions. In addition,
even where the value of a security is derived from an independent source, certain assumptions may
be required to determine the securitys fair value. For instance, the Company assumes that the size
of positions in securities that the Company holds would not be large enough to affect the quoted
price of the securities if the firm sells them, and that any such sale would happen in an orderly
manner. The actual value realized upon disposition could be different from the currently estimated
fair value.
Derivative contracts are financial instruments such as forwards, futures, swaps or option
contracts that derive their value from underlying assets, reference rates, indices or a combination
of these factors. A derivative contract generally represents future commitments to purchase or sell
financial instruments at specified terms on a specified date or to exchange currency or interest
payment streams based on the contract or notional amount. Derivative contracts exclude certain cash
instruments, such as mortgage-backed securities, interest-only and principal-only obligations and
indexed debt instruments that derive their values or contractually required cash flows from the
price of some other security or index.
The fair values related to derivative contract transactions are reported in financial
instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial instruments and other inventory
positions sold, but not yet purchased on the consolidated statements
of financial condition and any unrealized gain or loss resulting from changes in fair values of derivatives
is reported on the consolidated statements of operations. Fair value
is determined using quoted
market prices when available or pricing models based on the net present value of estimated future
cash flows. Management deems the net present value of estimated future cash flows model to provide
the best estimate of fair value as most of our derivative products are interest rate products. The
valuation models used require inputs including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves,
credit curves and measures of volatility.
The Company does not utilize hedge accounting as described within SFAS No. 133. Derivatives
are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists and on a
net-by-cross product basis when applicable provisions are stated in a master netting agreement.
Cash collateral received or paid is netted on a counterparty basis, provided legal right of offset
exists.
Note 3 Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157. Prior to January 1, 2008, the Company
followed the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Brokers and Dealers in Securities, when determining
fair value for financial instruments. SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be
received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires
enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. Further, SFAS 157 disallows the use of block
discounts on positions traded in an active market and nullifies certain guidance regarding the
recognition of inception gains on certain derivative transactions. The impact of adopting SFAS 157
in our first quarter of 2008 was not material to our consolidated financial statements. See Note 6,
Fair Value of Financial Instruments to the consolidated financial statements for additional
information.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). SFAS 159
permits entities to choose to measure certain financial assets and liabilities and other eligible
items at fair value, which are not otherwise currently allowed to be measured at fair value. Under
SFAS 159, the decision to measure items at fair value is made at specified election dates on an
irrevocable instrument-by-instrument basis. Entities electing the fair value option would be
required to recognize changes in fair value in earnings and to expense upfront costs and fees
associated with the item for which the fair value option is elected. Entities electing the fair
value option are required to distinguish on the face of the statement of financial position, the
fair value of assets and liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected and similar
assets and liabilities measured using another measurement attribute. The Company did not make any
elections under SFAS 159 to apply fair value to additional financial assets and liabilities.
Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted FSP No. FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB
Interpretation No. 39 (FSP FIN 39-1). FSP FIN 39-1 modifies FIN No. 39, Offsetting of Amounts
Related to Certain Contracts, and permits companies to offset cash collateral receivables or
payables with net derivative positions under certain circumstances. The adoption of FSP FIN 39-1
did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS 141(R)).
SFAS 141(R) expands the definition of transactions and events that qualify as business
combinations; requires that acquired assets and liabilities, including contingencies, be recorded
at the fair value determined on the acquisition date and changes thereafter reflected in revenue,
not goodwill; changes the recognition timing for restructuring costs; and requires acquisition
costs to be expensed as incurred. Adoption of SFAS 141(R) is required for combinations after
December 15, 2008. Early adoption and retroactive application of SFAS 141(R) to fiscal years
preceding the effective date are not permitted.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160,
Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements (SFAS 160). SFAS 160
re-characterizes minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries as non-controlling interests and
requires the classification of minority interests as a component of equity. Under SFAS 160, a
change in control will be measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings.
SFAS 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We are evaluating the
impact of SFAS 160 on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161,
Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 requires
disclosures regarding the location and amounts of derivative instruments in the Companys financial
statements; how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for; and how
derivative instruments and related hedged items affect the Companys financial position, financial
performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years
and interim periods after November 15, 2008. Early application is permitted. Because SFAS 161
impacts the Companys disclosure and not its accounting treatment for derivative instruments and
any related hedged items, the Companys adoption of SFAS 161 will not impact the consolidated
financial statements.
Note 4 Discontinued Operations
On August 11, 2006, the Company and UBS completed the sale of the Companys PCS branch network
under a previously announced asset purchase agreement. The purchase price under the asset purchase
agreement was approximately $750 million, which included $500 million for the branch network and
approximately $250 million for the net assets of the branch network, consisting principally of
customer margin receivables.
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 144,
Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144), the results of PCS
operations have been classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented. The Company
recorded a gain from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $1.4 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2008, primarily related to a litigation settlement. The Company may incur discontinued
operations expense or income related to changes in litigation reserve estimates for retained PCS
litigation matters and for changes in estimates to occupancy and severance restructuring charges if
the facts that support the Companys estimates change.
In connection with the sale of the Companys PCS branch network, the Company initiated a plan
in 2006 to significantly restructure the Companys support infrastructure. All restructuring costs
related to the sale of the PCS branch network are included within discontinued operations in
accordance with SFAS 144. See Note 13 for additional information regarding the Companys
restructuring activities.
Note 5 Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions Owned and Financial Instruments and
Other Inventory Positions Sold, but Not
Yet
Purchased
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial instruments and other
inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities |
|
$ |
25,174 |
|
|
$ |
14,977 |
|
Convertible securities |
|
|
84,399 |
|
|
|
102,938 |
|
Fixed income securities |
|
|
34,609 |
|
|
|
64,367 |
|
Municipal Securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Auction rate municipal securities |
|
|
85,025 |
|
|
|
202,500 |
|
Variable rate demand notes |
|
|
43,155 |
|
|
|
32,542 |
|
Other municipal securities |
|
|
314,671 |
|
|
|
208,150 |
|
Asset-backed securities |
|
|
56,016 |
|
|
|
44,006 |
|
U.S. government agency securities |
|
|
84,577 |
|
|
|
48,074 |
|
U.S. government securities |
|
|
34,052 |
|
|
|
4,520 |
|
Derivative contracts |
|
|
40,560 |
|
|
|
56,554 |
|
Other |
|
|
11,456 |
|
|
|
13,921 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
813,694 |
|
|
$ |
792,549 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial instruments and other inventory positions sold,
but not yet purchased: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities |
|
$ |
46,218 |
|
|
$ |
66,856 |
|
Convertible securities |
|
|
319 |
|
|
|
4,764 |
|
Fixed income securities |
|
|
23,994 |
|
|
|
26,310 |
|
Municipal securities |
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
U.S. government agency securities |
|
|
5,466 |
|
|
|
25,752 |
|
U.S. government securities |
|
|
59,055 |
|
|
|
33,972 |
|
Derivative contracts |
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
18,388 |
|
Other |
|
|
46,888 |
|
|
|
48,657 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
182,854 |
|
|
$ |
224,710 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, financial instruments and other inventory positions
owned in the amount of $243.0 million and $242.2 million, respectively, had been pledged as
collateral for the Companys repurchase agreements and secured borrowings.
Inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased represent obligations of the Company to
deliver the specified security at the contracted price, thereby creating a liability to purchase
the security in the market at prevailing prices. The Company is obligated to acquire the securities
sold short at prevailing market prices, which may exceed the amount reflected on the consolidated
statements of financial condition. The Company economically hedges changes in market value of its
financial instruments and other inventory positions owned utilizing inventory positions sold, but
not yet purchased, interest rate swaps, futures and exchange-traded options.
Derivative Contract Financial Instruments
The Company uses interest rate swaps, interest rate locks, and forward contracts to facilitate
customer transactions and as a means to manage risk in certain inventory positions. Interest rate
swaps are also used to manage interest rate exposure associated with holding residual interest
securities from the Companys tender option bond program. In addition, the Company enters into
total return loan swaps to receive the return on $16.0 million in certain corporate loan assets
without transferring actual ownership of the underlying loan to the Company. As of June 30, 2008
and December 31, 2007, the Company was counterparty to notional/contract amounts of $7.8 billion
and $7.5 billion, respectively, of derivative instruments.
The Companys derivative contracts are recorded at fair value. Fair values for derivative
contracts represent amounts estimated to be received from or paid to a counterparty in settlement
of these instruments. These derivatives are valued using quoted market prices when available or
pricing models based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows. The valuation models
used require inputs including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves and
measures of volatility. Derivatives are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis when legal right of
offset exists, and on a net-by-cross product basis when applicable provisions are stated in master
netting agreements. Cash collateral received or paid is netted on a counterparty basis, provided a
legal right of offset exists.
Note 6 Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company records financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and financial
instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value on the
consolidated statements of financial condition with unrealized gains and losses reflected in the
consolidated statements of operations.
The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally
correlates to the level of pricing observability. Pricing observability is impacted by a number of
factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the
market and not yet established and the characteristics specific to the transaction. Financial
instruments with readily available active quoted prices for which fair value can be measured from
actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of pricing observability and a lesser
degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or
not quoted will generally have less, or no, pricing observability and a higher degree of judgment
used in measuring fair value.
The following table summarizes the valuation of our financial instruments by SFAS 157 pricing
observability levels as of June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Counterparty |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateral |
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
Level I (1) |
|
|
Level II (1) |
|
|
Level III (1) |
|
|
Netting (2) |
|
|
Total |
|
Assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial instruments and other inventory
positions owned: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-derivative instruments |
|
$ |
64,039 |
|
|
$ |
567,352 |
|
|
$ |
141,743 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
773,134 |
|
Derivative instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial instruments and other inventory
positions owned: |
|
$ |
64,039 |
|
|
$ |
607,912 |
|
|
$ |
141,743 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
813,694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments |
|
$ |
81 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
47,446 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
47,527 |
|
Level III investments for which the Company
does
not bear economic exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,097 |
) (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level III investments for which the Company
bears
economic exposure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
39,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial instruments and other inventory
positions sold, but not yet purchased: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-derivative instruments |
|
$ |
65,468 |
|
|
$ |
115,012 |
|
|
$ |
1,880 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
182,360 |
|
Derivative instruments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,345 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(14,851 |
) (4) |
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial instruments and other inventory
positions sold, but not yet purchased: |
|
$ |
65,468 |
|
|
$ |
130,357 |
|
|
$ |
1,880 |
|
|
$ |
(14,851 |
) |
|
$ |
182,854 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
4,341 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
4,341 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Level I financial instruments included highly liquid instruments with quoted prices such as
certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government agency securities, equities listed in active
markets and certain firm investments. Level II financial instruments generally include
corporate bonds, certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government bonds, certain municipal
bonds, certain asset-backed securities and derivatives. Level III financial instruments
generally include auction rate municipal securities, certain firm investments, certain
asset-backed securities, residual interests in securitizations and certain convertible
securities. |
|
(2) |
|
As permitted by FIN 39-1 the Company offsets cash and cash equivalent collateral receivables
or payables with net derivative positions under certain circumstances. |
|
|
|
(3) |
|
Consists of Level III investments which are attributable to minority investors or
attributable to employee interests in certain consolidated funds. |
|
(4) |
|
The Company posted $14.9 million of short-term U.S. treasury bonds as collateral at June 30,
2008. |
The following table summarizes the changes in fair value carrying values associated with Level
III financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Derivative |
|
|
Non-Derivative |
|
|
Investment |
|
|
Investment |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
Assets |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
Assets |
|
|
Liabilities |
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
230,703 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
47,780 |
|
|
$ |
4,576 |
|
Purchases (sales), net |
|
|
46,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,785 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in (out) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized gains (losses) (5) |
|
|
(1,749 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
777 |
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) (5) |
|
|
1,780 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,819 |
) |
|
|
(277 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at March 31, 2008 |
|
|
277,640 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47,523 |
|
|
|
4,299 |
|
Purchases (sales), net |
|
|
(159,318 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(209 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net transfers in (out) |
|
|
29,178 |
|
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
(1,264 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Realized gains (losses) (5) |
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized gains (losses) (5) |
|
|
(5,567 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,396 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008 |
|
$ |
141,743 |
|
|
$ |
1,880 |
|
|
$ |
47,446 |
|
|
$ |
4,341 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5) |
|
Realized and unrealized gains/losses related to non-derivative assets are reported in
institutional brokerage on the consolidated statements of operations. Realized and unrealized
gains/losses related to investments are reported in other income/(loss) on the consolidated
statements of operations. |
Note 7 Securitizations
In connection with its tender option bond program, the Company securitizes highly rated
municipal bonds. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the Company had $339.9 million and $325.6
million, respectively, of par value of municipal bonds in securitization. Each municipal bond is
sold into a separate trust that is funded by the sale of variable rate certificates to
institutional customers seeking variable rate tax-free investment products. These variable rate
certificates reprice weekly. Securitization transactions meeting certain SFAS 140 criteria are
treated as sales, with the resulting gain included in institutional brokerage revenue on the
consolidated statements of operations. If a securitization does not meet the asset sale
requirements of SFAS 140, the transaction is recorded as a borrowing. The Company retains a
residual interest in each structure and accounts for the residual interest as a financial
instrument owned, which is recorded at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial
condition. The fair value of retained interests was $11.5 million and $13.9 million at June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively, with a weighted average life of 8.1 years and 8.0 years,
respectively. The fair value of retained interests is estimated based on the present value of
future cash flows using managements best estimates of the key assumptions expected yield,
credit losses of 0 percent and a 12 percent discount rate. At June 30, 2008, the sensitivity of the
current fair value of retained interests to immediate 10 percent and 20 percent adverse changes in
the key economic assumptions was not material. The Company receives a fee to remarket the variable
rate certificates derived from the securitizations.
Certain cash flow activity for the municipal bond securitizations described above includes:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
June 30, |
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
Proceeds from new securitizations |
|
$ |
77,134 |
|
|
$ |
29,000 |
|
Remarketing fees received |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
Cash flows received on retained interests |
|
|
2,952 |
|
|
|
2,562 |
|
Three securitization transactions at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 did not meet the
asset sale requirements of SFAS 140, causing the Company to consolidate these trusts. Accordingly,
the Company recorded an asset for the underlying bonds of $47.7 million (par value $47.5 million)
and $49.5 million (par value $49.1 million) as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007,
respectively, in financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and a liability for the
certificates sold by the trusts for $46.8 million and $48.7 million as of June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively, in financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but
not yet purchased, on the consolidated statements of financial condition.
The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate exposure
associated with holding the residual interest securities from its securitizations, which have been
recorded at fair value and resulted in a liability of approximately $8.2 million and $11.1 million
at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.
The Company has contracted with two major third-party financial institutions who act as
liquidity providers for the Companys tender option bond securitized trusts. The Company has agreed
to reimburse these parties for any losses associated with providing liquidity to the trusts. The
maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2008 was $315.6 million representing the outstanding amount of
all trust certificates. This exposure to loss is mitigated by the underlying bonds in the trusts.
These bonds had a market value of approximately $319.7 million at June 30, 2008. The Company
believes that the likelihood it will be required to fund the reimbursement agreement obligation
under any provision of the arrangement is remote, and accordingly, no liability for such guarantee
has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Note 8 Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007 included:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Receivable arising from unsettled securities transactions, net |
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
591 |
|
Deposits paid for securities borrowed |
|
|
49,308 |
|
|
|
55,257 |
|
Receivable from clearing organizations |
|
|
7,954 |
|
|
|
8,081 |
|
Securities failed to deliver |
|
|
4,323 |
|
|
|
7,647 |
|
Other |
|
|
4,543 |
|
|
|
16,092 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
66,128 |
|
|
$ |
87,668 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations at June 30, 2008 and December
31, 2007 included:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Payable arising from unsettled securities transactions, net |
|
$ |
71,885 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
Payable to clearing organizations |
|
|
23,881 |
|
|
|
12,648 |
|
Securities failed to receive |
|
|
5,189 |
|
|
|
11,021 |
|
Other |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
100,960 |
|
|
$ |
23,675 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits paid for securities borrowed approximate the market value of the securities.
Securities failed to deliver and receive represent the contract value of securities that have not
been delivered or received by the Company on settlement date.
Note 9 Other Assets
Other assets includes investments in partnerships and investments to fund deferred
compensation liabilities that are valued at fair value, net deferred tax assets, income tax
receivable and prepaid expenses. In addition, other assets includes 55,440 shares of NYSE Euronext,
Inc. common stock subject to restrictions on transfer until March 2009. Fair value of these shares
are determined based upon quoted market prices with a valuation adjustment for the restriction.
Other assets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 included:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Investments |
|
$ |
47,527 |
|
|
$ |
47,780 |
|
Deferred income tax asset |
|
|
39,387 |
|
|
|
41,718 |
|
Income taxes receivable |
|
|
16,210 |
|
|
|
6,513 |
|
Prepaid expenses |
|
|
9,525 |
|
|
|
7,596 |
|
Other |
|
|
1,253 |
|
|
|
4,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other assets |
|
$ |
113,902 |
|
|
$ |
107,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 10 Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The following table presents the changes in the carrying value of goodwill and intangible
assets for the six months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
284,804 |
|
Goodwill acquired |
|
|
|
|
Impairment losses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008 |
|
$ |
284,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
17,144 |
|
Intangible assets acquired |
|
|
|
|
Amortization of intangible assets |
|
|
(1,311 |
) |
Impairment losses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008 |
|
$ |
15,833 |
|
|
|
|
|
Note 11 Financing
The Company has discretionary short-term financing available on both a secured and unsecured
basis. In addition, the Company has established arrangements to obtain financing using as
collateral the Companys securities held by its clearing bank and by another broker dealer at the
end of each business day. Repurchase agreements are also used as sources of funding.
On February 19, 2008, the Company expanded its available secured financing by entering into a
$600 million revolving credit facility with U.S. Bank N.A. pursuant to which the Company is
permitted to request advances to fund certain short-term municipal securities (including auction
rate securities and variable rate demand notes). The advances are secured by certain pledged assets
of the Company, which consist primarily of certain short-term municipal securities. Interest is
paid monthly, and the unpaid principal amount of all advances will be due on August 19, 2008.
Advances may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time without penalty. At June 30, 2008, the
Company had advances against this line of credit of $13.5 million.
The Companys short-term financing bears interest at rates based on the federal funds rate. At
June 30, 2008 and 2007, the weighted average interest rate on borrowings was 2.96 percent and 5.69
percent, respectively. At June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, no formal compensating balance
agreements existed, and the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants related to its
financing facilities.
On December 31, 2007, the Company entered into an agreement whereby U.S. Bank N.A. agreed to
provide up to $50 million in temporary subordinated debt upon approval by the Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
Note 12 Legal Contingencies
The Company has been named as a defendant in various legal proceedings arising primarily from
securities brokerage and investment banking activities, including certain class actions that
primarily allege violations of securities laws and seek unspecified damages, which could be
substantial. Also, the Company is involved from time to time in investigations and proceedings by
governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations.
The Company has established reserves for potential losses that are probable and reasonably
estimable that may result from pending and potential complaints, legal actions, investigations and
proceedings. The Companys reserves totaled $7.0 million and $8.4 million at June 30, 2008 and
December 31, 2007, respectively. In addition to the Companys established reserves, U.S. Bancorp,
from whom the Company spun-off on December 31, 2003, has agreed to indemnify the Company in an
amount up to $17.5 million for certain legal and regulatory matters. Approximately $12.8 million of
this amount remained available as of June 30, 2008.
As part of the asset purchase agreement between UBS and the Company for the sale of the PCS branch
network, UBS agreed to assume certain liabilities of the PCS business, including certain
liabilities and obligations arising from litigation, arbitration, customer complaints and other
claims related to the PCS business. In certain cases, we have agreed to indemnify UBS for
litigation matters after UBS has incurred costs of $6.0 million related to these matters and as of
the second quarter of 2008, we have exceeded this $6.0 million threshold. In addition, we have
retained liabilities arising from regulatory matters and certain litigation relating to the PCS
business prior to the sale. The amount of exposure in excess of the $6.0 million indemnification
threshold and for other PCS litigation matters deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable are
included in the Companys established reserves. Adjustments to litigation reserves for matters
pertaining to the PCS business are included within discontinued operations on the consolidated
statements of operations.
Given uncertainties regarding the timing, scope, volume and outcome of pending and potential
litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings and other factors, the amounts of reserves are
difficult to determine and of necessity subject to future revision. Subject to the foregoing,
management of the Company believes, based on its current knowledge, after consultation with outside
legal counsel and after taking into account its established reserves, the U.S. Bancorp indemnity
agreement, the assumption by UBS of certain liabilities of the PCS business and our indemnification
obligations to UBS, that pending legal actions, investigations and proceedings will be resolved
with no material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of the Company. However, if
during any period a potential adverse contingency should become probable or resolved for an amount
in excess of the established reserves and/or the U.S. Bancorp indemnification, the results of
operations in that period could be materially adversely affected.
Note 13 Restructuring
The Company implemented a specific restructuring plan in 2006 to reorganize the Companys
support infrastructure as a result of the PCS branch network sale to UBS. The following table
presents a summary of activity with respect to the restructuring-related liabilities included in
other liabilities and accrued expenses on the consolidated statements of financial condition:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PCS |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
Restructuring |
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
14,566 |
|
Provisions charged to discontinued operations |
|
|
(2,000 |
) |
Cash outlays |
|
|
(2,476 |
) |
Non-cash write-downs |
|
|
(230 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Balance at June 30, 2008 |
|
$ |
9,860 |
|
|
|
|
|
Note 14 Shareholders Equity
Issuance of Shares
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, the Company issued 90,140 common shares out of
treasury in fulfillment of $3.7 million in obligations under the Piper Jaffray Companies Retirement
Plan and issued 341,798 common shares out of treasury as a result of vesting and exercise
transactions under the Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term
Incentive Plan (the Incentive Plan).
Note 15 Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average
number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated
by adjusting the weighted average outstanding shares to assume conversion of all potentially
dilutive restricted stock and stock options. The computation of earnings per share is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Net income/(loss) |
|
$ |
(3,634 |
) |
|
$ |
9,326 |
|
|
$ |
(7,071 |
) |
|
$ |
22,744 |
|
Shares for basic and diluted calculations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average shares used in basic computation |
|
|
16,072 |
|
|
|
17,073 |
|
|
|
15,951 |
|
|
|
17,072 |
|
Stock options |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
Restricted stock |
|
|
611 |
|
|
|
728 |
|
|
|
683 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average shares used in diluted computation |
|
|
16,709 |
|
|
|
17,919 |
|
|
|
16,671 |
|
|
|
17,969 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic |
|
$ |
(0.23 |
) |
|
$ |
0.55 |
|
|
$ |
(0.44 |
) |
|
$ |
1.33 |
|
Diluted |
|
|
N/A |
(1) |
|
$ |
0.52 |
|
|
|
N/A |
(1) |
|
$ |
1.27 |
|
N/A Not applicable
|
|
|
(1) |
|
In accordance with SFAS 128, earnings per diluted common share is not calculated in periods
when a loss is incurred. |
Note 16 Stock-Based Compensation
The Company maintains one stock-based compensation plan, the Incentive Plan. The Incentive
Plan permits the grant of equity awards, including non-qualified stock options and restricted
stock, to the Companys employees and directors subject to a limit of 5.5 million shares of common
stock. The Company periodically grants shares of restricted stock and options to purchase Piper
Jaffray Companies common stock to employees and grants options to purchase Piper Jaffray Companies
common stock and shares of Piper Jaffray Companies common stock to its non-employee directors. The
Company believes that such awards help align the interests of employees and directors with those of
shareholders and serve as an employee retention tool. The awards granted to employees have the
following vesting periods: approximately 77 percent of the value of awards have three-year cliff
vesting periods, approximately 10 percent of the value of awards vest ratably from 2010 through
2013 on the annual grant date anniversary, and approximately 13 percent of the value of awards
cliff vest upon meeting a specific performance-based metric prior to May 2013. The director awards
are fully vested upon grant. The maximum term of the stock options granted to employees and
directors is ten years. The plan provides for accelerated vesting of the majority of option and
restricted stock awards if there is a change in control of the Company (as defined in the plan), in
the event of a participants death, and at the discretion of the compensation committee of the
Companys board of directors.
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for stock-based compensation under the fair
value method of accounting as prescribed by SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS 148. As such, the Company
recorded stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations at fair
value as of the grant date, net of estimated forfeitures.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) using the
modified prospective transition method. SFAS 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees,
including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the statements of operations based
on fair value as of the grant date, net of estimated forfeitures. Because the Company historically
expensed all equity awards based on the fair value method, net of estimated forfeitures, SFAS
123(R) did not have a material effect on the Companys measurement or recognition methods for
stock-based compensation.
Employee and director stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006, were expensed by the
Company on a straight-line basis over the option vesting period, based on the estimated fair value
of the award on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Employee and director
stock options granted after January 1, 2006, are expensed by the Company on a straight-line basis
over the required service period, based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of
grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. At the time it adopted SFAS 123(R), the Company
changed the expensing period from the vesting period to the required service period, which
shortened the period over which options are expensed for employees who are retiree-eligible on the
date of grant or become retiree-eligible during the vesting period. The number of employees that
fell within this category at January 1, 2006 was not material. In accordance with SEC guidelines,
the Company did not alter the expense recorded in connection with prior option grants for the
change in the expensing period.
Employee restricted stock grants prior to January 1, 2006, are amortized on a straight-line
basis over the vesting period based on the market price of Piper Jaffray Companies common stock on
the date of grant. Service-based restricted stock grants after
January 1, 2006, are valued at the market price of the Companys common stock on the date of grant and
amortized on a straight-line basis over the required service period.
The majority of the Companys
restricted stock grants provide for continued vesting after termination, so long as the employee
does not violate certain post-termination restrictions, as set forth in the award agreements or any
agreements entered into upon termination. The Company considers the required service period to be
the greater of the vesting period or the post-termination restricted period. The Company believes
that the post-termination restrictions meet the SFAS 123(R) definition of a substantive service
requirement.
Performance-based restricted stock awards granted in 2008 are valued at the market price of
the Companys common stock on the date of grant. The restricted shares are amortized on a
straight-line basis over the period the Company expects the performance target to be met. The
performance condition must be met for the awards to vest and total compensation cost will be
recognized only if the performance condition is satisfied. The probability that the performance
conditions will be achieved and that the awards will vest is reevaluated each reporting period with
changes in actual or estimated outcomes accounted for using a cumulative effect adjustment.
The Company recorded compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, within continuing
operations of $12.1 million and $7.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, and $21.9 million and $12.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively, related to employee stock option and restricted stock grants. The tax benefit related
to the total compensation cost for stock-based compensation arrangements totaled $4.6 million and
$2.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $8.4 million and
$4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The fair value of each stock option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model, which is based on assumptions such as the risk-free interest rate, the
dividend yield, the expected volatility and the expected life of the option. The risk-free interest
rate assumption is derived from the U.S. treasury bill rate with a maturity equal to the expected
life of the option. The dividend yield assumption is derived from the assumed dividend payout over
the expected life of the option. The expected volatility assumption for 2008 grants is derived from
a combination of Company historical data and industry comparisons. The Company has only been a
publicly traded company since the beginning of 2004; therefore, it does not have sufficient
historical data to determine an appropriate expected volatility solely from the Companys own
historical data. The expected life assumption is based on an average of the following two factors:
1) industry comparisons; and 2) the guidance provided by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletin No.
107, (SAB 107). SAB 107 allows the use of an acceptable methodology under which the Company can
take the midpoint of the vesting date and the full contractual term. The following table provides a
summary of the valuation assumptions used by the Company to determine the estimated value of stock
option grants in Piper Jaffray Companies common stock for the six months ended June 30:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
Weighted average assumptions in option valuation: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rates |
|
|
3.03 |
% |
|
|
4.68 |
% |
Dividend yield |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
|
|
0.00 |
% |
Stock volatility factor |
|
|
33.61 |
% |
|
|
32.20 |
% |
Expected life of options (in years) |
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
Weighted average fair value of options granted |
|
$ |
15.73 |
|
|
$ |
28.57 |
|
The following table summarizes the changes in the Companys outstanding stock options for the
six months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted Average |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
Remaining |
|
Aggregate |
|
|
Options |
|
Average |
|
Contractual |
|
Intrinsic |
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Exercise Price |
|
Term (Years) |
|
Value |
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
470,715 |
|
|
$ |
44.99 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
$ |
1,988,641 |
|
Granted |
|
|
128,887 |
|
|
|
41.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised |
|
|
(518 |
) |
|
|
39.62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canceled |
|
|
(3,388 |
) |
|
|
42.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008 |
|
|
595,696 |
|
|
$ |
44.17 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options exercisable at June 30, 2008 |
|
|
404,236 |
|
|
$ |
42.62 |
|
|
|
6.2 |
|
|
$ |
30,165 |
|
As of June 30, 2008, there was $2.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to
stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.31 years.
Cash received from option exercises for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, was $0.02
million and $2.3 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized for the tax deduction from option
exercises totaled $0 and $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007,
respectively.
The following table summarizes the changes in the Companys non-vested restricted stock for
the six months ended June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted |
|
|
Non-Vested |
|
Average |
|
|
Restricted |
|
Grant Date |
|
|
Stock |
|
Fair Value |
December 31, 2007 |
|
|
1,827,969 |
|
|
$ |
51.93 |
|
Granted |
|
|
1,982,625 |
|
|
|
41.22 |
|
Vested |
|
|
(536,041 |
) |
|
|
37.73 |
|
Canceled |
|
|
(23,013 |
) |
|
|
49.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, 2008 |
|
|
3,251,540 |
|
|
$ |
47.76 |
|
As of June 30, 2008, there was $101.9 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related
to restricted stock expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.82 years.
The vesting of stock options and restricted stock generally results in windfall tax benefits
or shortfalls. A windfall tax benefit is defined as any corporate income tax benefit realized upon
exercise or vesting of an award that exceeds amounts previously recognized in earnings. SFAS 123
(R) states that realized windfall tax benefits are credited to additional-paid-in-capital within
the consolidated statement of financial condition. Realized shortfall tax benefits (amounts which
are less than that previously recognized in earnings) are first offset against the cumulative
balance of windfall tax benefits, if any, and then charged directly to income tax expense. As of
June 30, 2008 we had a cumulative windfall tax benefit recorded within additional paid-in capital
of $2.9 million.
Note 17 Geographic Areas
The following table presents net revenues and long-lived assets by geographic region:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
82,374 |
|
|
$ |
108,775 |
|
|
$ |
165,608 |
|
|
$ |
221,559 |
|
Europe |
|
|
9,173 |
|
|
|
6,177 |
|
|
|
14,972 |
|
|
|
24,821 |
|
Asia |
|
|
3,358 |
|
|
|
7,624 |
|
|
|
10,056 |
|
|
|
13,146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
$ |
94,905 |
|
|
$ |
122,576 |
|
|
$ |
190,636 |
|
|
$ |
259,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Long-lived assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
$ |
339,678 |
|
|
$ |
347,885 |
|
Europe |
|
|
2,511 |
|
|
|
2,909 |
|
Asia |
|
|
20,705 |
|
|
|
20,080 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated |
|
$ |
362,894 |
|
|
$ |
370,874 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 18 Net Capital Requirements and Other Regulatory Matters
Piper Jaffray is registered as a securities broker dealer and is a member of various
self-regulatory organizations (SROs) and securities exchanges. In July of 2007, the National
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD) and the member regulation, enforcement and
arbitration functions of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) consolidated to form FINRA, which now
serves as the Companys primary SRO. Piper Jaffray is subject to the uniform net capital rule of
the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. Piper Jaffray has elected to use the alternative method
permitted by the SEC rule, which requires that it maintain minimum net capital of the greater of
$1.0 million or 2 percent of aggregate debit balances arising from customer transactions, as such
term is defined in the SEC rule. Under the FINRA rule, FINRA may prohibit a member firm from
expanding its business or paying dividends if resulting net capital would be less than 5 percent of
aggregate debit balances. Advances to affiliates, repayment of subordinated debt, dividend payments
and other equity withdrawals by Piper Jaffray are subject to certain notification and other
provisions of the SEC and FINRA rules. In addition, Piper Jaffray is subject to certain
notification requirements related to withdrawals of excess net capital.
At June 30, 2008, net capital calculated under the SEC rule was $246.2 million, and exceeded
the minimum net capital required under the SEC rule by $244.3 million.
Although Piper Jaffray operates with a level of net capital substantially greater than the
minimum thresholds established by FINRA and the SEC, a substantial reduction of our capital would
curtail many of our revenue producing activities.
Piper Jaffray Ltd., which is a registered United Kingdom broker dealer, is subject to the
capital requirements of the U.K. Financial Services Authority (FSA). As of June 30, 2008, Piper
Jaffray Ltd. was in compliance with the capital requirements of the FSA.
Piper Jaffray Asia Holdings Limited operates four entities licensed by the Hong Kong
Securities and Futures Commission, which are subject to the liquid capital requirements of the
Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rules promulgated under the Securities and Futures
Ordinance. As of June 30, 2008, Piper Jaffray Asia regulated entities were in compliance with the
liquid capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance.
|
|
|
ITEM 2. |
|
MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
The following information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated
financial statements and related notes and exhibits included elsewhere in this report. Certain
statements in this report may be considered forward-looking. Statements that are not historical or
current facts, including statements about beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements.
These forward looking statements include, among other things, statements other than historical
information or statements of current condition and may relate to our future plans and objectives
and results, and also may include our belief regarding the effect of various legal proceedings, as
set forth under Legal Proceedings in Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2007 and in our subsequent reports filed with the SEC. Forward-looking
statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and important factors could cause actual
results to differ materially from those anticipated, including those factors discussed below under
External Factors Impacting Our Business as well as the factors identified under Risk Factors in
Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, as updated
in our subsequent reports filed with the SEC. These reports are available at our web site at
www.piperjaffray.com and at the SEC web site at www.sec.gov. Forward-looking statements speak only
as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new
information or future events.
Executive Overview
Our business principally consists of providing investment banking, institutional brokerage,
asset management and related financial services to middle-market companies, private equity groups,
public entities, non-profit entities and institutional investors in the United States, Europe and
Asia. We generate revenues primarily through the receipt of advisory and financing fees earned on
investment banking activities, commissions and sales credits earned on equity and fixed income
institutional sales and trading activities, net interest earned on securities inventories, profits
and losses from trading activities related to these securities inventories and asset management
fees.
The securities business is a human capital business. Accordingly, compensation and benefits
comprise the largest component of our expenses, and our performance is dependent upon our ability
to attract, develop and retain highly skilled employees who are motivated and committed to
providing the highest quality of service and guidance to our clients.
In 2007, we completed two acquisitions that expanded our asset management and capital markets
businesses. On September 14, 2007, we acquired Fiduciary Asset Management, LLC (FAMCO), a St.
Louis-based asset management firm. On October 2, 2007, we acquired Goldbond Capital Holdings
Limited (Goldbond), a Hong Kong-based investment bank. The acquisitions resulted in incremental
revenues and expenses in the first two quarters of 2008, when compared with the comparable periods
in 2007.
While we plan to continue our focus on revenue growth through expansion of our capital markets
and asset management businesses, we remain realistic about the challenging market environment and
are carefully evaluating opportunities as they arise. Within our capital markets business, our
efforts will be focused on growing our sector expertise, product depth and geographic reach. We
expect that future growth from both our businesses will come from a combination of
organic growth and acquisitions. In addition, we have begun to use our own capital to a greater
extent by engaging in principal activities that leverage our expertise and we intend to increase
the amount of capital we have committed to principal activities as opportunities arise. These
activities include, among other things, proprietary positions in equity and debt securities of
public and private companies, arbitrage trading strategies, proprietary derivative trading and
private equity funds. We may also add capital to facilitate these growth initiatives. All of these
growth initiatives will require investments in personnel and other expenses, which may have a
short-term negative impact on our profitability as it may take time to develop meaningful revenues
from them.
RESULTS FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2008
Net revenues from continuing operations for the three months ended June 30, 2008 were $94.9
million, a decline of 22.6 percent compared with the prior-year period. For the three months ended
June 30, 2008, we recorded a net loss from continuing operations of $5.1 million, or $0.32 per
share, compared to net income of $10.4 million, or $0.58 per diluted share, for the corresponding
period in 2007. For the three months ended June 30, 2008, our net loss, including continuing and
discontinued operations, was $3.6 million, or $0.23 per share, compared to net income of $9.3
million, or $0.52 per diluted share, for the prior-year period.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, net revenues from continuing operations were $190.6
million, a decline of 26.5 percent compared with the prior-year period. For the six months ended
June 30, 2008, net loss from continuing operations totaled
$8.5 million, or $0.53 per share, compared to net income of $25.1 million, or $1.40 per diluted share, for the
first half of 2007. Net loss, including continuing and discontinued
operations, for the six months
ended June 30, 2008, was $7.1 million, or $0.44 per share, compared to net income of $22.7 million,
or $1.27 per diluted share, for the prior-year period.
Challenging market conditions, particularly within the equity capital markets, continued to
negatively impact performance in the second quarter of 2008. In the first half of 2008, just 39
IPOs were completed industry-wide, and only seven of those IPOs were small cap growth companies.
Our sales and trading businesses recorded increased revenues in the second quarter of 2008
partially mitigating the significantly reduced investment banking revenues.
EXTERNAL FACTORS IMPACTING OUR BUSINESS
Performance in the financial services industry in which we operate is highly correlated to the
overall strength of economic conditions and financial market activity. Overall market conditions
are a product of many factors, which are beyond our control and mostly unpredictable. These factors
may affect the financial decisions made by investors, including their level of participation in the
financial markets. In turn, these decisions may affect our business results. With respect to
financial market activity, our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the
demand for investment banking services as reflected by the number and size of equity and debt
financings and merger and acquisition transactions, the volatility of the equity and fixed income
markets, the level and shape of various yield curves, the volume and value of trading in
securities, and the demand for asset management services as reflected by the amount of assets under
management.
Factors that differentiate our business within the financial services industry also may affect
our financial results. For example, our business focuses on specific industry sectors. These
sectors may experience growth or downturns independently of general economic and market conditions,
or may face market conditions that are disproportionately better or worse than those impacting the
economy and markets generally. In either case, our business could be affected differently than
overall market trends. Given the variability of the capital markets and securities businesses, our
earnings may fluctuate significantly from period to period, and results for any individual period
should not be considered indicative of future results.
OUTLOOK FOR THE REMAINDER OF 2008
Market conditions in the first half of 2008 were very difficult as we experienced
significantly reduced equity financing opportunities and a difficult market for our high yield and
structured products business. Further, the municipal credit markets were under particular stress in
the first quarter of 2008, however, we believe the turmoil in the municipal credit markets has
largely abated. Weak economic indicators, recession fears and continued turmoil in the credit
markets have caused significant market uncertainty and increased volatility. We anticipate these
challenging market conditions to persist through the remainder of 2008. Specifically, we anticipate
that equity financing activity will remain depressed through the remainder of 2008, and we do not
see improvement in the high yield market in the near term. Continued challenging market conditions
will likely have an adverse impact on our overall results of operations.
Results of Operations
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
The following table provides a summary of the results of our operations and the results of our
operations as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As a Percentage of Net |
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
June 30, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
v2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment banking |
|
$ |
32,184 |
|
|
$ |
74,872 |
|
|
|
(57.0) |
% |
|
|
33.9 |
% |
|
|
61.0 |
% |
Institutional brokerage |
|
|
51,196 |
|
|
|
38,597 |
|
|
|
32.6 |
|
|
|
54.0 |
|
|
|
31.5 |
|
Interest |
|
|
13,114 |
|
|
|
13,816 |
|
|
|
(5.1 |
) |
|
|
13.8 |
|
|
|
11.3 |
|
Asset management |
|
|
4,697 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
Other loss |
|
|
(460 |
) |
|
|
(364 |
) |
|
|
26.4 |
|
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|
(0.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
100,731 |
|
|
|
126,993 |
|
|
|
(20.7 |
) |
|
|
106.1 |
|
|
|
103.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
5,826 |
|
|
|
4,417 |
|
|
|
31.9 |
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
94,905 |
|
|
|
122,576 |
|
|
|
(22.6 |
) |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-interest expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation and benefits |
|
|
65,885 |
|
|
|
71,707 |
|
|
|
(8.1 |
) |
|
|
69.4 |
|
|
|
58.5 |
|
Occupancy and equipment |
|
|
8,133 |
|
|
|
8,849 |
|
|
|
(8.1 |
) |
|
|
8.6 |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
Communications |
|
|
5,869 |
|
|
|
5,997 |
|
|
|
(2.1 |
) |
|
|
6.2 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
Floor brokerage and clearance |
|
|
3,899 |
|
|
|
4,176 |
|
|
|
(6.6 |
) |
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
Marketing and business development |
|
|
7,381 |
|
|
|
6,380 |
|
|
|
15.7 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
5.2 |
|
Outside services |
|
|
11,431 |
|
|
|
9,122 |
|
|
|
25.3 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
7.4 |
|
Other operating expenses |
|
|
6,603 |
|
|
|
1,194 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-interest expenses |
|
|
109,201 |
|
|
|
107,425 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
% |
|
|
115.1 |
|
|
|
87.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before
income tax expense/(benefit) |
|
|
(14,296 |
) |
|
|
15,151 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(15.1 |
) |
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense/(benefit) |
|
|
(9,223 |
) |
|
|
4,774 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
(5,073 |
) |
|
|
10,377 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(5.3 |
) |
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
1,439 |
|
|
|
(1,051 |
) |
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
(0.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) |
|
$ |
(3,634 |
) |
|
$ |
9,326 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(3.8 |
)% |
|
|
7.6 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/M Not meaningful
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, we recorded a net loss, including continuing and
discontinued operations, of $3.6 million. Net revenues from continuing operations for the second
quarter of 2008, were $94.9 million, a decrease of 22.6 percent from the year-ago period. For the
three months ended June 30, 2008, investment banking revenues decreased 57.0 percent to $32.2
million, compared with revenues of $74.9 million in the prior-year period. The decline in
investment banking revenues was primarily driven by significantly lower equity financing activity.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, institutional brokerage revenues increased 32.6 percent
to $51.2 million, compared with $38.6 million in the corresponding period in the prior year, due to
higher U.S. equity and higher municipal revenues, offset in part by
lower
high-yield and structured product revenue. In the second quarter of 2008, net interest income decreased 22.5 percent over the year-ago period
to $7.3 million due to increased borrowing levels in 2008. For the three months ended June 30,
2008, asset management fees were $4.7 million. In the second quarter of 2008, other income
decreased slightly to a loss of $0.5 million, compared with a loss of $0.4 million in the
prior-year period. Non-interest expenses increased to $109.2 million for the three months ended
June 30, 2008, from $107.4 million in the corresponding period in the prior year, primarily as a
result of increased litigation-related expenses, higher travel and legal fee expenses associated
with deals that were not completed and additional expenses from our acquisitions of FAMCO and
Goldbond completed in late 2007. This increase was offset in part by a decline in compensation
expense.
CONSOLIDATED NON-INTEREST EXPENSES
Compensation and Benefits - Compensation and benefits expenses, which are the largest
component of our expenses, include salaries, bonuses, commissions, benefits, amortization of
stock-based compensation, employment taxes and other employee costs. A substantial portion of
compensation expense is comprised of variable incentive arrangements, including discretionary
bonuses, the amount of which fluctuates in proportion to the level of business activity, increasing
with higher revenues and operating profits. Other compensation costs, primarily base salaries,
stock-based compensation amortization and benefits, are more fixed in nature. The timing of bonus
payments, which generally occur in February, have a greater impact on our cash position and
liquidity, than is reflected in our statements of operations.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, compensation and benefits expenses decreased 8.1
percent to $65.9 million, from $71.7 million in the corresponding period in 2007, due to decreased
variable compensation costs resulting from lower revenues. This decline was offset in part by
additional expense from the acquisitions of FAMCO and Goldbond in September and October of 2007,
respectively, and $2.8 million of severance costs recorded in the second quarter of 2008.
Compensation and benefits expenses as a percentage of net revenues increased to 69.4 percent for
the second quarter of 2008, compared with 58.5 percent for the second quarter of 2007. The
increased compensation and benefits ratio was attributable to the severance charge and higher fixed
compensation costs over a lower revenue base. We expect that upward pressure on our compensation to
revenue ratio will continue through 2008.
Occupancy and Equipment - In the second quarter of 2008, occupancy and equipment expenses were
$8.1 million, compared with $8.8 million for the corresponding period in 2007. The decrease was
attributable to $0.9 million of occupancy expenses incurred in the second quarter of 2007 to
relocate office space in New York City, offset in part by additional occupancy expenses from our
acquisitions of FAMCO and Goldbond in late 2007.
Communications - Communication expenses include costs for telecommunication and data
communication, primarily consisting of expense for obtaining third-party market data information.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, communication expenses were $5.9 million, compared with
$6.0 million for the prior-year period.
Floor Brokerage and Clearance - For the three months ended June 30, 2008, floor brokerage and
clearance expenses were $3.9 million, compared with $4.2 million for the three months ended June
30, 2007. In the second quarter of 2008, we incurred lower expenses associated with accessing
electronic communication networks.
Marketing and Business Development - Marketing and business development expenses include
travel and entertainment and promotional and advertising costs. In the second quarter of 2008,
marketing and business development expenses were $7.4 million, compared with $6.4 million in the
prior year period, an increase of 15.7 percent. In the second
quarter of 2008, we experienced
a greater number of deals that were not completed because of the challenging
market conditions than is typical, which resulted in the write-off of certain travel expenses
associated with those deals.
Outside Services - Outside services expenses include securities processing expenses,
outsourced technology functions, outside legal fees and other professional fees. Outside services
expenses increased 25.3 percent to $11.4 million in the second quarter of 2008, compared with $9.1
million for the prior-year period. This increase was due to the write-off of certain legal fees
associated with deals that were not completed due to the challenging
market conditions and fees incurred to secure the revolving credit facility that we
entered into in the first quarter of 2008, offset in part by a decline in consultancy costs. In the
second quarter of 2007, we incurred consultant costs associated with the implementation of our
back-office system.
Other Operating Expenses - Other operating expenses include insurance costs, license and
registration fees, expenses related to our charitable giving program, amortization of intangible
assets and litigation-related expenses, which consist of the amounts we reserve and/or pay out
related to legal and regulatory matters. In the second quarter of 2008, other operating expenses
increased to $6.6 million, compared with $1.2 million in the second quarter of 2007. This increase
was primarily due to a $2.9 million in litigation-related expenses from a trading-related matter
that was partially resolved during the second quarter of 2008. Part of this
litigation in which we are a plaintiff, remains pending, and any benefit we may realize will occur
in a future period. In addition, in the second quarter of 2008, we incurred increased intangible
asset amortization expense as a result of the FAMCO acquisition.
Income Taxes - For the three months ended June 30, 2008, our provision for income taxes from
continuing operations was a benefit of $9.2 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 64.5
percent. For the three months ended June 30, 2007, income taxes from continuing operations were
$4.8 million, equating to an effective tax rate of 31.5 percent. The 64.5 percent effective tax
rate for the second quarter of 2008 was driven by the large amount of tax-exempt municipal interest
income and operating losses.
NET REVENUES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS (DETAIL)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
2008 |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
v2007 |
|
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment banking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equities |
|
$ |
8,705 |
|
|
$ |
40,075 |
|
|
|
(78.3 |
)% |
Debt |
|
|
15,297 |
|
|
|
25,194 |
|
|
|
(39.3 |
) |
Advisory services |
|
|
11,256 |
|
|
|
11,706 |
|
|
|
(3.8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment banking |
|
|
35,258 |
|
|
|
76,975 |
|
|
|
(54.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional sales and trading |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equities |
|
|
35,345 |
|
|
|
28,735 |
|
|
|
23.0 |
|
Fixed income |
|
|
20,804 |
|
|
|
17,116 |
|
|
|
21.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total institutional sales and trading |
|
|
56,149 |
|
|
|
45,851 |
|
|
|
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset management |
|
|
4,697 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other loss |
|
|
(1,199 |
) |
|
|
(322 |
) |
|
|
272.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues |
|
$ |
94,905 |
|
|
$ |
122,576 |
|
|
|
(22.6 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/M Not meaningful
Investment banking revenues comprise all the revenues generated through financing and advisory
services activities including derivative activities that relate to debt financing. To assess the
profitability of investment banking, we aggregate investment banking fees with the net interest
income or expense associated with these activities.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, investment banking revenues decreased 54.2 percent
to $35.3 million, compared with $77.0 million in the corresponding period in the prior year due to
challenging market conditions, especially within the equity capital markets. Equity financing
revenues decreased 78.3 percent to $8.7 million in the second quarter of 2008 due to significantly
lower equity financing activity. The equity capital markets were essentially on hold, particularly
within our primary industry sectors. During the second quarter of 2008, we completed nine equity
financings during the second quarter of 2008, raising $1.5 billion in capital for our clients. We
acted as book runner on two of the nine equity financings. In the second quarter of 2007, we
completed 37 equity financings raising $4.5 billion in capital for our clients, and acted as book
runner on seven of these financings. Fixed income financing revenues in the second quarter of 2008
decreased 39.3 percent from the prior-year period to $15.3 million, primarily due to a lower
average spread on completed public finance transactions resulting from a change in business mix. A
portion of the fixed income financings completed in the second quarter of 2008 related to
transactions to restructure existing debt, which generally have a lower spread. During the second
quarter of 2008, we underwrote 97 tax-exempt issues with a par value of $2.5 billion, compared with
138 tax-exempt issues with a par value of $2.2 billion in the prior-year period. Advisory services
revenues were $11.3 million in the second quarter of 2008, essentially flat compared with the
corresponding period in the prior year.
Institutional sales and trading revenues comprise all the revenues generated through trading
activities, which consist primarily of facilitating customer trades. To assess the profitability of
institutional sales and trading activities, we aggregate institutional brokerage revenues with the
net interest income or expense associated with financing, economically hedging and holding long or
short inventory positions. Our results in this area may vary from quarter to quarter as a result of
changes in trading margins, trading gains and losses, net interest spreads, trading volumes and the
timing of transactions based on market opportunities.
For the three months ended June 30, 2008, institutional sales and trading revenues increased
22.5 percent to $56.1 million, compared with $45.9 million for the three months ended June 30,
2007. Equity institutional sales and trading revenues increased 23.0 percent to $35.3 million in the second quarter of 2008, compared with $28.7 million in the
prior-year period. This increase is due to higher revenues from U.S.
equities as a result of
higher volumes and proprietary trading strategies, lower trading loss ratios, and incremental
revenues from Hong Kong equities, offset slightly by lower revenues from European equities. In the
second quarter of 2008, fixed income institutional sales and trading revenues increased 21.5
percent to $20.8 million, compared with the second quarter of 2007, due to increased municipal
revenues, offset in part by lower high yield and structured products revenues. During the second
quarter of 2008, we were able to capture short-term trading opportunities presented by dislocation
in the municipal markets. Market conditions for high yield corporate bonds and structured products
continued to be difficult in the second quarter of 2008.
For the second quarter of 2008, asset management fees were $4.7 million due primarily to the
business of FAMCO, which we acquired in September 2007. Asset management fees also include
management fees from our private equity funds.
Other loss includes gains and losses from our investments in private equity and venture
capital funds as well as other firm investments. Other loss also includes interest expense not
allocated to specific product areas. In the second quarter of 2008, we recorded a loss of $1.2
million, compared with a loss of $0.3 million in second quarter of 2007. The increased loss in the
second quarter of 2008 was a result of higher interest expense resulting from increased financing
requirements in the second quarter of 2008, as a result of cash disbursements made in late 2007 for
stock repurchases and the acquisitions of FAMCO and Goldbond.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Discontinued operations include the resolution of certain legal matters and revisions to
restructuring estimates related to our Private Client Services (PCS) business, which we sold to
UBS on August 11, 2006.
In the second quarter of 2008, discontinued operations recorded net income of $1.4 million,
which primarily related to a PCS litigation settlement. A net loss of $1.1 million was recorded in
the second quarter of 2007 which included costs related to decommissioning a retail-oriented
back-office system, PCS litigation-related expenses and restructuring charges.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2008 AND JUNE 30, 2007
The following table provides a summary of the results of our operations and the results of our
operations as a percentage of net revenues for the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As a Percentage of Net |
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
For the Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
June 30, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
v2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment banking |
|
$ |
87,449 |
|
|
$ |
158,605 |
|
|
|
(44.9 |
)% |
|
|
45.9 |
% |
|
|
61.1 |
% |
Institutional brokerage |
|
|
81,008 |
|
|
|
80,291 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
42.6 |
|
|
|
31.0 |
|
Interest |
|
|
28,273 |
|
|
|
31,226 |
|
|
|
(9.5 |
) |
|
|
14.8 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
Asset management |
|
|
8,670 |
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
Other income/(loss) |
|
|
(2,060 |
) |
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(1.1 |
) |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
203,340 |
|
|
|
270,645 |
|
|
|
(24.9 |
) |
|
|
106.7 |
|
|
|
104.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense |
|
|
12,704 |
|
|
|
11,119 |
|
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net revenues |
|
|
190,636 |
|
|
|
259,526 |
|
|
|
(26.5 |
) |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-interest expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation and benefits |
|
|
131,136 |
|
|
|
151,823 |
|
|
|
(13.6 |
) |
|
|
68.8 |
|
|
|
58.5 |
|
Occupancy and equipment |
|
|
16,243 |
|
|
|
16,571 |
|
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
8.4 |
|
|
|
6.4 |
|
Communications |
|
|
12,608 |
|
|
|
12,256 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
|
Floor brokerage and clearance |
|
|
6,553 |
|
|
|
7,691 |
|
|
|
(14.8 |
) |
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
|
Marketing and business development |
|
|
13,477 |
|
|
|
12,061 |
|
|
|
11.7 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
4.7 |
|
Outside services |
|
|
20,248 |
|
|
|
16,439 |
|
|
|
23.2 |
|
|
|
10.6 |
|
|
|
6.3 |
|
Other operating expenses |
|
|
9,077 |
|
|
|
4,950 |
|
|
|
83.4 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total non-interest expenses |
|
|
209,342 |
|
|
|
221,791 |
|
|
|
(5.6 |
)% |
|
|
109.8 |
|
|
|
85.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before
income tax expense/(benefit) |
|
|
(18,706 |
) |
|
|
37,735 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(9.8 |
) |
|
|
14.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income tax expense/(benefit) |
|
|
(10,196 |
) |
|
|
12,636 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) from continuing operations |
|
|
(8,510 |
) |
|
|
25,099 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(4.5 |
) |
|
|
9.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |
|
|
1,439 |
|
|
|
(2,355 |
) |
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
(0.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss) |
|
$ |
(7,071 |
) |
|
$ |
22,744 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
(3.7 |
)% |
|
|
8.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/M
Not meaningful
Except as discussed below, the description of non-interest expenses from continuing
operations, net revenues from continuing operations and discontinued operations as well as the
underlying reasons for variances to prior year are substantially the same as the comparative
quarterly discussion, and the statements in the foregoing discussion also apply.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, net loss, which includes both continuing and
discontinued operations, totaled $7.1 million. Net revenues from continuing operations were $190.6
million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, a decrease of 26.5 percent from the year-ago
period. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, investment banking revenues decreased 44.9 percent
to $87.4 million, compared with revenues of $158.6 million in the prior-year period due primarily
to a decline in equity financing revenues. Institutional brokerage revenues were essentially flat
at $81.0 million, compared with the prior-year period. Net interest income for the first six months
of 2008 decreased to $15.6 million, down from $20.1 million
for the first six months of 2007, due to increased financing requirements in the first half of 2008 as a result of cash disbursements in
late 2007 for stock buybacks and the purchases of FAMCO and Goldbond. For the six months ended June
30,
2008, asset management fees were $8.7 million, primarily as a result of the FAMCO acquisition
completed in September 2007. Other income for the six months ended June 30, 2008, was a loss of
$2.1 million, compared with income of $0.3 million for the corresponding period in the prior year,
as a result of losses recorded on our principal investments. Non-interest expenses decreased to
$209.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, from $221.8 million in the corresponding period in the prior year, primarily as a result of decreased compensation
and benefits expenses due to lower revenues, offset in part by higher litigation-related expenses,
and increased deal write-off expenses related to busted deals.
NET REVENUES FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS (DETAIL)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Six Months Ended |
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
2008 |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
v2007 |
|
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment banking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equities |
|
$ |
25,223 |
|
|
$ |
80,785 |
|
|
|
(68.8 |
)% |
Debt |
|
|
34,667 |
|
|
|
45,163 |
|
|
|
(23.2 |
) |
Advisory services |
|
|
36,581 |
|
|
|
36,582 |
|
|
|
(0.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total investment banking |
|
|
96,471 |
|
|
|
162,530 |
|
|
|
(40.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Institutional sales and trading |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equities |
|
|
66,525 |
|
|
|
59,857 |
|
|
|
11.1 |
|
Fixed income |
|
|
23,143 |
|
|
|
36,285 |
|
|
|
(36.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total institutional sales and trading |
|
|
89,668 |
|
|
|
96,142 |
|
|
|
(6.7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset management |
|
|
8,670 |
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other income/(loss) |
|
|
(4,173 |
) |
|
|
655 |
|
|
|
N/M |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total net revenues |
|
$ |
190,636 |
|
|
$ |
259,526 |
|
|
|
(26.5 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/M
Not meaningful
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, investment banking revenues decreased 40.6 percent to
$96.5 million, compared with $162.5 million in the prior-year period. Equity financing revenues
were $25.2 million, a decrease of 68.8 percent, which was due to a significant decline in equity
underwriting activity. In the first half of 2008, only 39 initial public offerings were completed
industry-wide, the lowest number since the first half of 2003. Of the 39 initial public offerings,
only seven were completed in the small cap growth markets. During the six months ended June 30,
2008, we completed 24 equity financings, raising $3.7 billion in capital excluding the $19.7
billion of capital raised from the VISA initial public offering, on which we were a co-lead
manager, compared with 63 equity offerings, raising $8.1 billion in capital, during the six months
ended June 30, 2007. For the six months ended June 30, 2008, debt financing revenues declined 23.2
percent to $34.7 million, due primarily to a lower spread on completed public finance transactions.
We were the underwriter of 172 public finance issues with a par value of $4.2 billion in the first
six months of 2008, compared with 232 public finance issues with a par value of $3.8 billion in the
prior-year period. Advisory services revenues were flat at $36.6 million for the nine months ended
June 30, 2008.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, institutional sales and trading revenues declined 6.7
percent to $89.7 million, compared with the prior-year period. Equity institutional sales and
trading revenue increased 11.1 percent to $66.5 million in the first half of 2008, compared with
$59.9 million in the first half of 2007. Revenues from U.S. equities increased and incremental
revenues from Hong Kong equities were offset in part by lower European equities revenues. Fixed
income institutional sales and trading revenues decreased 36.2 percent to $23.1 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2008, compared with the corresponding period in 2007 due to a net loss in
high yield and structured products driven by lower commissions and trading losses. Market
conditions for high yield corporate bonds and structured products were difficult in the first half
of 2008. We have liquidated certain of our inventories in high yield and structured products to
reduce our exposure in this business.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, other income/(loss) recorded a loss of $4.2 million,
compared with income of $0.7 million in the corresponding period in 2007. The loss in the first
half of 2008 was a result of losses recorded on our principal investments and higher interest
expense resulting from increased financing requirements.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, discontinued operations recorded net income of $1.4
million. The underlying reasons for income recorded to discontinued operations for the six months
ended June 30, 2008 are the same as those described in the discussion for the three months ended
June 30, 2008.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent accounting pronouncements are set forth in Note 3 to our unaudited consolidated
financial statements and are incorporated herein by reference.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our accounting and reporting policies comply with generally accepted accounting principles
(GAAP) and conform to practices within the securities industry. The preparation of financial
statements in compliance with GAAP and industry practices requires us to make estimates and
assumptions that could materially affect amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements.
Critical accounting policies are those policies that we believe to be the most important to the
portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and that require us to make
estimates that are difficult, subjective or complex. Most accounting policies are not considered by
us to be critical accounting policies. Several factors are considered in determining whether or not
a policy is critical, including whether the estimates are significant to the consolidated financial
statements taken as a whole, the nature of the estimates, the ability to readily validate the
estimates with other information (e.g. third-party or independent sources), the sensitivity of the
estimates to changes in economic conditions and whether alternative accounting methods may be used
under GAAP.
For a full description of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated
financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31,
2007. We believe that of our significant accounting policies, the following are our critical
accounting policies.
VALUATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial instruments and other inventory positions owned, financial instruments and other
inventory positions owned and pledged as collateral, and financial instruments and other inventory
positions sold, but not yet purchased, on our consolidated statements of financial condition are
recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses related to these financial instruments are
reflected on our consolidated statements of operations.
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, Fair Value Measurements
(SFAS 157) in the first quarter of 2008. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for
measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair
value and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements.
SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to
transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date,
or an exit price. The degree of judgment used in measuring the fair value of financial instruments
generally correlates to the level of pricing observability. Financial instruments with readily
available active quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices
in active markets generally have more pricing observability and less judgment used in measuring
fair value. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted have less observability
and are measured at fair value using valuation models that require more judgment. Pricing
observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument,
whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established, the characteristics
specific to the transaction and overall market conditions generally.
When available, we use observable market prices, observable market parameters, or broker or
dealer prices (bid and ask prices) to derive the fair value of financial instruments. In the case
of financial instruments transacted on recognized exchanges, the observable market prices represent
quotations for completed transactions from the exchange on which the financial instrument is
principally traded.
A substantial percentage of the fair value of our financial instruments and other inventory
positions owned, financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and pledged as
collateral, and financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased,
are based on observable market prices, observable market parameters, or derived from broker or
dealer prices. The availability of observable market prices and pricing parameters can vary from
product to product. Where available, observable market prices and pricing or market parameters in a
product may be used to derive a price without requiring significant
judgment. In certain
markets, observable market prices or market parameters are not available for all products, and fair value is
determined using techniques appropriate for each particular product. These techniques involve some
degree of judgment.
For investments in illiquid or privately held securities that do not have readily determinable
fair values, the determination of fair value requires us to estimate the value of the securities
using the best information available. Among the factors considered by us in determining the fair
value of such financial instruments are the cost, terms and liquidity of the investment, the
financial condition and operating results of the issuer, the quoted market price of publicly traded
securities with similar quality and yield, and other factors generally pertinent to the valuation
of investments. In instances where a security is subject to transfer restrictions, the value of the
security is based primarily on the quoted price of a similar security without restriction but may
be reduced by an amount estimated to reflect such restrictions. In addition, even where the value of a security is derived from an
independent source, certain assumptions may be required to determine the securitys fair value. For
instance, we assume that the size of positions in securities that we hold would not be large enough
to affect the quoted price of the securities if we sell them, and that any such sale would happen
in an orderly manner. The actual value realized upon disposition could be different from the
currently estimated fair value.
Fair values for derivative contracts represent amounts estimated to be received from or paid
to a third party in settlement of these instruments. These derivatives are valued using quoted
market prices when available or pricing models based on the net present value of estimated future
cash flows. Management deems the net present value of estimated future cash flows model to provide
the best estimate of fair value as most of our derivative products are interest rate products. The
valuation models used require inputs including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves,
credit curves and measures of volatility. The valuation models are monitored over the life of the
derivative product. If there are any changes in the underlying inputs, the model is updated for
those new inputs.
We have categorized our financial instruments measured at fair value into a three-level
classification in accordance with SFAS 157. Fair value measurements of financial instruments that
use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are generally categorized
as Level I, and fair value measurements of financial instruments that have no direct observable
levels are generally categorized as Level III. The lowest level input that is significant to the
fair value measurement of a financial instrument is used to categorize the instrument and reflects
the judgment of management. Financial assets and liabilities presented as fair value in our
consolidated statements of financial condition generally are categorized as follows:
Level I Quoted prices (unadjusted) are available in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities as of the report date. A quoted price for an identical asset or liability in an
active market provides the most reliable fair value measurement because it is directly observable
to the market. The type of financial instruments included in Level 1 are highly liquid
instruments with quoted prices such as certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government agency
securities, certain firm investments and equities listed in active markets.
Level II Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either
directly or indirectly observable as of the report date. The nature of these financial
instruments include instruments for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently,
derivative instruments whose fair value have been derived using a model where inputs to the model
are directly observable in the market, or can be derived principally from or corroborated by
observable market data, and instruments that are fair valued using other financial instruments,
the parameters of which can be directly observed. Instruments which are generally included in
this category are certain U.S. treasury bonds and U.S. government agency securities, corporate
bonds, certain municipal bonds, certain asset-backed securities and derivatives.
Level III Instruments that have little to no pricing observability as of the report date.
These financial instruments do not have two-way markets and are measured using managements best
estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant
management judgment or estimation. Instruments included in this category generally include
auction rate municipal securities, certain firm investments, certain asset-backed securities,
residual interests in securitizations and certain convertible securities.
At June 30, 2008, Level III assets were $189.2 million. During the second quarter of 2008, we
recorded net sales of $159.5 million of Level III assets. This reduction was primarily a result of
auction-rate securities being restructured into something more market-acceptable increasing the
salability of these securities. Our valuation adjustments (realized and unrealized) decreased
Level III assets by $4.4 million. Additionally, there was $29.9 million of net transfers into the
Level III category in the second quarter 2008 related to certain asset-backed securities.
At June 30, 2008, Level III assets included the following: $85.0 million of auction rate
municipal securities, $47.4 million of private equity and principal investments, $42.8 million of
asset-backed securities, $11.5 million of residual interests in securitizations related to our
tender option bond program and $2.4 million of convertible securities.
At the end of the second quarter of 2008, Level III liabilities were $6.2 million. During the
second quarter of 2008, there was $2.0 million of net transfers into the Level III category.
At June 30, 2008, Level III liabilities included $1.9 million of asset-backed short securities
and $4.3 million of private equity and principal investments.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
We record all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions, including goodwill and
other intangible assets, at fair value as required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 141, Business Combinations. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired
requires certain management estimates. In 2007, we recorded $34.1 million of goodwill and $18.0
million of identifiable intangible assets related to the acquisition of FAMCO and recorded $19.2
million of goodwill related to the acquisition of Goldbond. At June 30, 2008, we had goodwill of $284.8 million. Of this goodwill balance,
$220.0 million is a result of the 1998 acquisition of our predecessor, Piper Jaffray Companies
Inc., and its subsidiaries by U.S. Bancorp.
Under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets, we are required to perform impairment tests of our goodwill and indefinite-lived
intangible assets annually and more frequently in certain circumstances. We have elected to test
for goodwill impairment in the fourth quarter of each calendar year. The goodwill impairment test
is a two-step process, which requires management to make judgments in determining what assumptions
to use in the calculation. The first step of the process estimates the fair value of our two
operating segments based on the following factors: a discounted cash flow model using revenue and
profit forecasts, our market capitalization, public market comparables and multiples of recent
mergers and acquisitions of similar businesses. Valuation multiples may be based on revenues,
price-to-earnings and tangible capital ratios of comparable public companies and business segments.
These multiples may be adjusted to consider competitive differences including size, operating
leverage and other factors. The estimated fair values of our operating segments are compared with
their carrying values, which includes the allocated goodwill. If the estimated fair value is less
than the carrying values, a second step is performed to compute the amount of the impairment by
determining an implied fair value of goodwill. The determination of a reporting units implied
fair value of goodwill requires us to allocate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit to
the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Any unallocated fair value represents the
implied fair value of goodwill, which is compared to its corresponding carrying value. We
completed our last goodwill impairment test as of November 30, 2007, and no impairment was
identified.
As noted above, the initial recognition of goodwill and other intangible assets and the
subsequent impairment analysis requires management to make subjective judgments concerning
estimates of how the acquired assets or businesses will perform in the future using valuation
methods including discounted cash flow analysis. Events and factors that may significantly affect
the estimates include, among others, competitive forces and changes in revenue growth trends, cost
structures, technology, discount rates and market conditions. In addition, estimated cash flows may
extend beyond ten years and, by their nature, are difficult to determine over an extended time
period. To assess the reasonableness of cash flow estimates and validate assumptions used in our
estimates, we review historical performance of the underlying assets or similar assets. In
assessing the fair value of our operating segments, the volatile nature of the securities markets
and our industry requires us to consider the business and market cycle and assess the stage of the
cycle in estimating the timing and extent of future cash flows. If during any future period it is
determined that impairment exists, the results of operations in that period could be materially
adversely affected.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
As part of our compensation to employees and directors, we use stock-based compensation,
consisting of stock options and restricted stock. Prior to January 1, 2006, we elected to account
for stock-based employee compensation on a prospective basis under the fair value method, as
prescribed by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting and Disclosure of
Stock-Based Compensation, and as amended by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 148,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation Transition and Disclosure. The fair value method
required stock based compensation to be expensed in the consolidated statement of operations at
their fair value.
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS 123(R)), using the modified prospective
transition method. SFAS 123(R) requires all stock-based compensation to be expensed in the
consolidated statement of operations at fair value, net of estimated forfeitures. Because we had
historically expensed all equity awards based on the fair value method, net of estimated
forfeitures, SFAS 123(R) did not have a material effect on our measurement or recognition methods
for stock-based compensation.
Compensation paid to employees in the form of stock options or service-based restricted stock
is generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the required service period of the award and
is included in our results of operations as compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures. The
majority of our stock option and service-based restricted stock grants provide for continued
vesting after termination, provided that the employee does not violate certain post-termination
restrictions as set forth in the award agreements or any agreements entered into upon termination.
We consider the required service period to be the greater of the
vesting period or the post-termination restricted period. We believe
that our non-competition restrictions meet the SFAS
123(R) definition of a substantive service requirement.
Performance-based restricted shares are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period we
expect the performance target to be met and are included in our results of operations as
compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures. The shares vest and total compensation costs
will be recognized only if the performance condition is satisfied. The probability that the
performance conditions will be achieved and that the awards will vest is reevaluated each reporting
period with changes in actual or estimated outcomes accounted for using a cumulative effect
adjustment.
Stock-based compensation granted to our non-employee directors is in the form of common shares
of Piper Jaffray Companies stock and/or stock options. Stock-based compensation paid to directors
is immediately vested (i.e., there is no continuing service requirement) and is included in our
results of operations as outside services expense as of the date of grant.
In determining the estimated fair value of stock options, we use the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model. This model requires management to exercise judgment with respect to certain
assumptions, including the expected dividend yield, the expected volatility, and the expected life
of the options. The expected dividend yield assumption is derived from the assumed dividend payout
over the expected life of the option. The expected volatility assumption for grants subsequent to
December 31, 2006 is derived from a combination of our historical data and industry comparisons, as
we have limited information on which to base our volatility estimates because we have only been a
public company since the beginning of 2004. The expected volatility assumption for grants prior to
December 31, 2006 were based solely on industry comparisons. The expected life of options
assumption is derived from the average of the following two factors: industry comparisons and the
guidance provided by the SEC in Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107). SAB 107 allows the
use of an acceptable methodology under which we can take the midpoint of the vesting date and the
full contractual term. We believe our approach for calculating an expected life to be an
appropriate method in light of the limited historical data regarding employee exercise behavior or
employee post-termination behavior. Additional information regarding assumptions used in the
Black-Scholes pricing model can be found in Note 16 to our consolidated financial statements.
The vesting of stock options and restricted stock generally results in windfall tax benefits
or shortfalls. A windfall tax benefit is defined as any corporate income tax benefit realized upon
exercise or vesting of an award that exceeds amounts previously recognized in earnings. SFAS 123
(R) states that realized windfall tax benefits are credited to additional-paid-in-capital within
the consolidated statement of financial condition. Realized shortfall tax benefits (amounts which
are less than that previously recognized in earnings) are first offset against the cumulative
balance of windfall tax benefits, if any, and then charged directly to income tax expense. As of
June 30, 2008 we had a cumulative windfall tax benefit recorded within additional paid-in capital
of $2.9 million.
CONTINGENCIES
We are involved in various pending and potential legal proceedings related to our business,
including litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings. Some of these matters involve claims
for substantial amounts, including claims for punitive and other special damages. We have, after
consultation with outside legal counsel and consideration of facts currently known by management,
recorded estimated losses in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies, to the extent that claims are probable of loss and the amount of
the loss can be reasonably estimated. Our reserves totaled $7.0 million and $8.4 million at June
30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. The determination of these reserve amounts requires
significant judgment on the part of management. In making these determinations, we consider many
factors, including, but not limited to, the loss and damages sought by the plaintiff or claimant,
the basis and validity of the claim, the likelihood of a successful defense against the claim, and
the potential for, and magnitude of, damages or settlements from such pending and potential
litigation and arbitration proceedings, and fines and penalties or orders from regulatory agencies.
Under the terms of our separation and distribution agreement with U.S. Bancorp and ancillary
agreements entered into in connection with the spin-off in December 2003, we generally are
responsible for all liabilities relating to our business, including those liabilities relating to
our business while it was operated as a segment of U.S. Bancorp under the supervision of its
management and board of directors and while our employees were employees of U.S. Bancorp servicing
our business. Similarly, U.S. Bancorp generally is responsible for all liabilities relating to the
businesses U.S. Bancorp retained. However, in addition to our established reserves, U.S. Bancorp
agreed to indemnify us in an amount up to $17.5 million for losses that result from certain
matters, primarily third-party claims relating to research analyst independence. U.S. Bancorp has
the right to terminate this indemnification obligation in the event of a change in control of our
company. As of June 30, 2008, approximately $12.8 million of the indemnification remained
available.
As part of the asset purchase agreement for the sale of our PCS branch network to UBS that
closed in August 2006, UBS agreed to assume certain liabilities of the PCS business, including
certain liabilities and obligations arising from litigation,
arbitration, customer complaints and
other claims related to the PCS business. In certain cases, we have agreed to indemnify UBS for
litigation matters after UBS has incurred costs
of $6.0 million related to these matters, and as of
the first quarter of 2008, we have exceeded this $6.0 million threshold. In addition, we have
retained liabilities arising from regulatory matters and certain PCS litigation arising prior to
the sale. The amount of exposure in excess of the $6.0 million indemnification threshold and for
other PCS litigation matters deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable are included in our
established reserves.
Subject to the foregoing, we believe, based on our current knowledge, after appropriate
consultation with outside legal counsel and after taking into account our established reserves, the
U.S. Bancorp indemnity agreement, the assumption by UBS of certain liabilities of the PCS business
and our indemnification obligations to UBS, that pending litigation, arbitration and regulatory
proceedings will be resolved with no material adverse effect on our financial condition. However, if, during any
period, a potential adverse contingency should become probable or resolved for an amount in excess
of the established reserves and indemnification available to us, the results of operations in that
period could be materially adversely affected.
INCOME TAXES
Provisions for federal and state income taxes are calculated based on reported pre-tax
earnings and current tax law. Such provisions differ from the amounts currently receivable or
payable because certain items of income and expense are recognized in different time periods for
financial reporting purposes than for income tax purposes. Significant judgment is required in
evaluating uncertain tax positions. We establish reserves for uncertain income tax positions in
accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an
interpretation of FASB Statement 109 (FIN 48) when, it is not more likely than not that a
certain position or component of a position will be ultimately upheld by the relevant taxing
authorities. Our tax provision and related accruals include the impact of estimates for uncertain
tax positions and changes to the reserves that are considered appropriate. To the extent the
probable tax outcome of these matters changes, the change in estimate will impact the income tax
provision in the period of change.
Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources
Liquidity is of critical importance to us given the nature of our business. Insufficient
liquidity resulting from adverse circumstances contributes to, and may be the cause of, financial
institution failure. Accordingly, we regularly monitor our liquidity position, including our cash
and net capital positions, and we have implemented a liquidity strategy designed to enable our
business to continue to operate even under adverse circumstances, although there can be no
assurance that our strategy will be successful under all circumstances.
The majority of our tangible assets consist of assets readily convertible into cash. Financial
instruments and other inventory positions are stated at fair value and are generally readily
marketable in most market conditions. Receivables and payables with customers and brokers and
dealers usually settle within a few days. As part of our liquidity strategy, we emphasize
diversification of funding sources. We utilize a mix of funding sources and, to the extent
possible, maximize our lower-cost financing alternatives. Our assets are financed by our cash flows
from operations, equity capital, proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and
bank lines of credit. The fluctuations in cash flows from financing activities are directly related
to daily operating activities from our various businesses.
Certain market conditions can impact the liquidity of our inventory positions requiring us to
hold larger inventory positions for longer than expected or requiring us to take other actions that
may adversely impact our results. During the latter half of 2007, the credit markets experienced a
significant contraction in available liquidity stemming from credit problems in subprime
residential mortgages and structured credit vehicles. While we do not have direct exposure to
residential mortgages or structured products containing residential mortgages, the turmoil in the
credit markets during 2007 carried over into 2008 and spread to other areas beyond residential
mortgages and structured credit vehicles. Specifically, the municipal credit markets were adversely
impacted by rating agency downgrades (and the expectation of potential future downgrades) of
certain Monolines which have significant credit exposure to subprime mortgages. Monolines insure a
significant part of the overall municipal credit market, including almost all of the short-term
variable rate municipal credit market. The credit risk of certain Monolines caused a significant
decrease in the demand for auction rate municipal securities, variable rate demand notes and
variable rate certificates which support our tender option bond program. In an effort to increase
liquidity for these securities we increased inventory positions in these securities in early 2008,
which required additional capital and also exposed us to potential financial losses from the
reduction in value of these positions. During the second quarter of 2008, we reduced these
inventory positions to more normalized levels. For further discussion of our liquidity, market and
credit risk related to variable rate certificates issued from unconsolidated trusts as part of our
tender option bond program, refer to Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements below. For further discussion
of our liquidity, market and credit risks related to auction rate municipal securities and variable
rate demand notes, refer to Enterprise Risk Management below.
A significant component of our employees compensation is paid in an annual discretionary
bonus. The timing of these bonus payments, which generally are paid in February, has a significant
impact on our cash position and liquidity when paid.
We currently do not pay cash dividends on our common stock.
On April 16, 2008 we announced that our board of directors had authorized the repurchase of up
to $100 million in shares of our common stock. The principal purpose of the share repurchase
program is to provide us with a tool to assist in managing our equity capital relative to the
growth of our business and to assist in offsetting the dilutive effect of employee equity-based
compensation. The authorization expires June 30, 2010. During the second quarter of 2008, we did
not repurchase any shares of outstanding common stock under this authorization. In the third quarter, through July 29, 2008, we have
repurchased 444,225 common shares for $15 million under this authorization.
We may add capital in 2008 to facilitate certain of our growth initiatives.
FUNDING SOURCES
We have available discretionary short-term financing on both a secured and unsecured basis.
Secured financing is obtained through the use of repurchase agreements and secured bank loans. Bank
loans and repurchase agreements are typically collateralized by the firms securities inventory.
Short-term funding is generally obtained at rates based upon the federal funds rate.
To finance customer and trade-related receivables we utilized an average of $95 million in
short-term bank loans in the first half of 2008. This compares to an average of $5 million in
short-term bank loans in the first half of 2007. Average net repurchase agreements (excluding
repurchase agreements used to facilitate economic hedges) of $173 million and $113 million in the
first quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively, were primarily used to finance inventory. The
increase in average net repurchase agreements in the first half of 2008 was a result of higher
inventory balances and increased financing requirements as a result of cash disbursements in late
2007 for stock repurchases and the purchases of FAMCO and Goldbond. Growth in our securities
inventory is generally financed through repurchase agreements and bank financing. On June 30, 2008,
we had $161.5 million outstanding in short-term bank financing.
On December 31, 2007, U.S. Bank N.A. agreed to provide up to $50 million in temporary
subordinated debt upon approval by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
On February 19, 2008, we also entered into a $600 million revolving credit facility with U.S.
Bank N.A. pursuant to which we are permitted to request advances to fund certain short-term
municipal securities (including auction rate securities and variable rate demand notes). Interest
is payable monthly, and the unpaid principal amount of all advances will be due August 19, 2008. As
of June 30, 2008, we had $13.5 million outstanding on this credit facility.
We currently do not have a credit rating, which may adversely affect our liquidity and
increase our borrowing costs by limiting access to sources of liquidity that require a credit
rating as a condition to providing funds.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Our contractual obligations have not materially changed from those reported in our Annual
Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
As a registered broker dealer and member firm of FINRA, our U.S. broker dealer subsidiary is
subject to the uniform net capital rule of the SEC and the net capital rule of FINRA. We have
elected to use the alternative method permitted by the uniform net capital rule, which requires
that we maintain minimum net capital of the greater of $1.0 million or 2 percent of aggregate debit
balances arising from customer transactions, as this is defined in the rule. FINRA may prohibit a
member firm from expanding its business or paying dividends if resulting net capital would be less
than 5 percent of aggregate debit balances. Advances to affiliates, repayment of subordinated
liabilities, dividend payments and other equity withdrawals are subject to certain notification and
other provisions of the uniform net capital rule and the net capital rule of FINRA. We expect that
these provisions will not impact our ability to meet current and future obligations. We also are
subject to certain notification requirements related to withdrawals of excess net capital from our
broker dealer subsidiary. At June 30, 2008, our net capital under the SECs Uniform Net Capital
Rule was $246.2 million, and exceeded the minimum net capital required under the SEC rule by $244.3
million.
Although we operate with a level of net capital substantially greater than the minimum
thresholds established by FINRA and the SEC, a substantial reduction of our capital would curtail
many of our revenue producing activities.
Piper Jaffray Ltd., which is a registered United Kingdom broker dealer, is subject to the
capital requirements of the U.K. Financial Services Authority (FSA). As of June 30, 2008, Piper
Jaffray Ltd. was in compliance with the capital requirements of the FSA.
We operate four entities licensed by the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission, which
are subject to the liquid capital requirements of the Securities and Futures (Financial Resources)
Rules promulgated under the Securities and Futures Ordinance. As of June 30, 2008, Piper Jaffray
Asia regulated entities were in compliance with the liquid capital requirements of the Hong Kong
Securities and Futures Ordinance.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
In the ordinary course of business we enter into various types of off-balance sheet
arrangements including certain reimbursement guarantees meeting the FIN No. 45, Guarantors
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of
Indebtedness of Others (FIN 45), definition of a guarantee that may require future payments. The
following table summarizes our off-balance-sheet arrangements at June 30, 2008 and December 31,
2007 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual Amount |
|
Expiration Per Period at June 30, 2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010- |
|
|
2012- |
|
|
After |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Match-book derivative contracts (1)(2) |
|
$ |
30,040 |
|
|
$ |
40,295 |
|
|
$ |
|
|
|
$ |
1,680 |
|
|
$ |
7,251,434 |
|
|
$ |
7,323,449 |
|
|
$ |
6,967,869 |
|
Derivative contracts excluding match-
book derivatives (2) |
|
|
15,960 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,000 |
|
|
|
21,810 |
|
|
|
461,875 |
|
|
|
524,645 |
|
|
|
562,706 |
|
Tender option bond securitizations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61,160 |
|
|
|
10,255 |
|
|
|
220,955 |
|
|
|
292,370 |
|
|
|
276,475 |
|
Loan commitments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Private equity and other principal investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,216 |
|
|
|
4,900 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Consists of interest rate swaps. We have minimal market risk related to these matched-book
derivative contracts, but we do have counterparty risk up to $15 million with one major
financial institution. |
|
(2) |
|
We believe the fair value of these derivative contracts is a more relevant measure of the
obligations because we believe the notional amount overstates the expected payout. At June 30,
2008 and December 31, 2007, the fair value of these derivative contracts approximated $25.2
million and $18.4 million, respectively. |
DERIVATIVES
Neither derivatives notional amounts nor underlying instrument values are reflected as assets
or liabilities in our consolidated statements of financial condition. Rather, the market, or fair
value, of the derivative transactions are reported in the consolidated statements of financial
condition as assets or liabilities in financial instruments and other inventory positions owned and
financial instruments and other inventory positions sold, but not yet purchased, as applicable.
Derivatives are presented on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists, and
on a net-by-cross product basis when applicable provisions are stated in a master netting
agreement. Cash collateral received or paid is netted on a counterparty basis, provided a legal
right of offset exists.
We enter into derivative contracts in a principal capacity as a dealer to satisfy the
financial needs of clients. We also use derivative products to hedge the interest rate and market
value risks associated with our security positions. Our interest rate hedging strategies may not
work in all market environments and as a result may not be effective in mitigating interest rate
risk. In addition, we enter into loan swap agreements to receive the return of certain loan assets
without transferring actual ownership of the underlying loan to us. For a complete discussion of
our activities related to derivative products, see Note 5, Financial Instruments and Other
Inventory Positions Owned and Financial Instruments and Other Inventory Positions Sold, but Not Yet
Purchased, in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
SPECIAL PURPOSE ENTITIES
We enter into arrangements with various special-purpose entities (SPEs). SPEs may be
corporations, trusts or partnerships that are established for a limited purpose. There are two
types of SPEs qualified SPEs (QSPEs) and variable interest entities (VIEs). A QSPE generally
can be described as an entity whose permitted activities are limited to passively holding financial
assets and distributing cash flows to investors based on pre-set terms. Our involvement with QSPEs
relates to securitization transactions related to our tender option bond program in which highly
rated fixed rate municipal bonds are sold to an SPE that qualifies as
a QSPE under Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets
and Extinguishments of Liabilities a Replacement of FASB
Statement
No. 125, (SFAS 140). In
accordance with SFAS 140 and FIN 46(R), we do not consolidate QSPEs. We recognize at fair value the
retained interests we hold in the QSPEs. We derecognize financial assets transferred to QSPEs,
provided we have surrendered control over the assets. The sale of municipal bonds into a QSPE trust
is funded by the sale of variable rate certificates to institutional customers seeking variable
rate tax-free investment products. These variable rate certificates reprice weekly. At June 30,
2008, $245.9 million par value of the municipal bonds in securitization were insured against
default of principal or interest by Monolines. We have contracted with a major third-party
financial institution who acts as the liquidity provider for our tender option bond trusts and we
have agreed to reimburse the liquidity provider for any losses associated with providing liquidity to the trusts. This liquidity provider has the ability to
terminate its agreement with the trust due to several factors, including a downgrade of the
Monolines below investment grade. The absence of a liquidity provider would likely result in the
dissolution of the trust and a potential financial loss. The current credit environment has
resulted in certain Monolines having their AAA credit ratings downgraded causing decreased market
demand for variable rate certificates collateralized by municipal bonds insured by these Monolines
and other Monolines facing the possibility of a downgrade. The municipalities whose bonds we have
securitized all have credit ratings rated A or higher as of June 30, 2008 regardless of the
Monoline bond insurance. We incurred $3.4 million of losses related to the dissolution of two
tender option bond trusts collateralized by bonds issued by triple-B rated municipalities in the
first quarter of 2008, as a result of the Monoline issues described above. In addition, we owned
100 percent of the variable rate certificates of two trusts as of March 31, 2008, resulting in
consolidation of the trusts onto our consolidated statement of financial condition and the
write-off of $1.0 million in residual interests in these trusts. Early in the second quarter of
2008, we added Berkshire Hathaway Assurance Corporation (BHAC) credit insurance to these two
trusts enhancing the marketability of the variable rate certificates and resulting in the
deconsolidation of the trusts and a gain of $0.9 million. In addition, early in the second quarter
of 2008, we added BHAC insurance to four additional QSPE trusts to ensure marketability of the
variable rate certificates. The following table presents a summary of our off-balance sheet trusts
by Monoline insurer at June 30, 2008:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Monoline |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding |
|
Bond |
|
Municipality |
|
Par Value of |
|
|
Market Value |
|
|
Variable Rate |
|
Insurer |
|
Credit Rating |
|
Bonds |
|
|
of Bonds |
|
|
Certificates |
|
Ambac |
|
Aa1 |
|
$ |
22,905 |
|
|
$ |
9,890 |
|
|
$ |
10,145 |
|
Assured |
|
A1 |
|
|
8,390 |
|
|
|
8,519 |
|
|
|
8,650 |
|
BHAC (1) |
|
A3 to A |
|
|
81,900 |
|
|
|
74,162 |
|
|
|
73,251 |
|
FGIC |
|
Aa1 |
|
|
20,825 |
|
|
|
21,203 |
|
|
|
20,680 |
|
FSA |
|
A2 to Aaa |
|
|
58,065 |
|
|
|
59,681 |
|
|
|
59,009 |
|
PSF |
|
A2 to Aa3 |
|
|
41,930 |
|
|
|
38,075 |
|
|
|
37,400 |
|
MBIA |
|
Aa3 |
|
|
11,850 |
|
|
|
12,094 |
|
|
|
11,927 |
|
No insurance |
|
Aa1 to Aa3 |
|
|
46,505 |
|
|
|
48,476 |
|
|
|
47,679 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
292,370 |
|
|
$ |
272,100 |
|
|
$ |
268,741 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes six trusts where we added BHAC credit insurance to enhance the marketability of
the associated variable rate certificates. Ambac is the original insurer of four trusts
with a par value of $53.3 million and FGIC is the original insurer of two trusts with a par
value of $28.6 million. |
Certain SPEs do not meet the QSPE criteria because their permitted activities are not limited
sufficiently or control remains with one of the owners. These SPEs are referred to as VIEs. Under
FIN 46(R), we consolidate a VIE if we are the primary beneficiary of the entity. The primary
beneficiary is the party that either (i) absorbs a majority of the VIEs expected losses; (ii)
receives a majority of the VIEs expected residual returns; or (iii) both. We are party to three
tender option bond securitizations whereby control remained with one of the owners and we are the
primary beneficiary of the VIE. Accordingly, we have recorded an asset for the underlying bonds of
$47.7 million (par value $47.5 million) and a liability for the certificates sold by the trusts for
$46.8 million as of June 30, 2008. See Note 7, Securitizations, in the notes to our consolidated
financial statements for a complete discussion of our securitization activities.
In addition, we have investments in various entities, typically partnerships or limited
liability companies, established for the purpose of investing in private or public equity
securities and various partnership entities. We commit capital or act as the managing partner or
member of these entities. Some of these entities are deemed to be VIEs. For a complete discussion
of our activities related to these types of partnerships, see Note 9, Variable Interest Entities,
to our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2007.
LOAN COMMITMENTS
We may commit to short-term bridge-loan financing for our clients or make commitments to
underwrite corporate debt. We had no loan commitments outstanding at June 30, 2008.
PRIVATE EQUITY AND OTHER PRINCIPAL INVESTMENTS
We have committed capital to certain non-consolidated private-equity funds. These commitments
have no specified call dates.
OTHER OFF-BALANCE SHEET EXPOSURE
Our other types of off-balance-sheet arrangements include contractual commitments and
guarantees. For a discussion of our activities related to these off-balance sheet arrangements, see
Note 17, Contingencies, Commitments and Guarantees, to our consolidated financial statements
included in our Annual Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Enterprise Risk Management
Risk is an inherent part of our business. In the course of conducting business operations, we
are exposed to a variety of risks. Market risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk,
legal, regulatory and compliance risk, and reputational risk are the principal risks we face in
operating our business. We seek to identify, assess and monitor each risk in accordance with
defined policies and procedures. The extent to which we properly identify and effectively manage
each of these risks is critical to our financial condition and profitability.
With respect to market risk and credit risk, we emphasize daily communication among traders,
trading department management and senior management concerning our inventory positions and overall
risk profile. Our risk management functions supplement this communication process by providing
their independent perspectives on our market and credit risk profile on a daily basis. The broader
goals of our risk management functions include understanding the risk profile of each trading area,
consolidating risk monitoring company-wide, assisting in implementing effective hedging strategies,
articulating large trading or position risks to senior management, and ensuring accurate
mark-to-market pricing.
In addition to supporting daily risk management processes on the trading desks, our risk
management functions support our market and credit risk committee. This committee oversees risk
management practices, including defining acceptable risk tolerances and approving risk management
policies.
MARKET RISK
Market risk represents the risk of financial volatility that may result from the change in
value of a financial instrument due to fluctuations in its market price. Our exposure to market
risk is directly related to our role as a financial intermediary for our clients, to our
market-making activities and our proprietary activities. Market risks are inherent in both cash and
derivative financial instruments. The scope of our market risk management policies and procedures
includes all market-sensitive financial instruments.
Our different types of market risk include:
Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk represents the potential volatility from changes in
market interest rates. We are exposed to interest rate risk arising from changes in the level and
volatility of interest rates, changes in the shape of the yield curve, changes in credit spreads,
and the rate of prepayments. Interest rate risk is managed through the use of appropriate hedging
in U.S. government securities, agency securities, mortgage-backed securities, corporate debt
securities, interest rate swaps, options, futures and forward contracts. We utilize interest rate
swap contracts to hedge a portion of our fixed income inventory, to hedge residual cash flows from
our tender option bond program, and to hedge rate lock agreements and forward bond purchase
agreements we may enter into with our public finance customers. Our interest rate hedging
strategies may not work in all market environments and as a result may not be effective in
mitigating interest rate risk. These interest rate swap contracts are recorded at fair value with
the changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
Equity Price Risk Equity price risk represents the potential loss in value due to adverse
changes in the level or volatility of equity prices. We are exposed to equity price risk through
our trading activities in the U.S., Hong Kong and European markets on both listed and over-the-counter equity markets. We attempt to reduce the risk of loss inherent in
our market-making and in our inventory of equity securities by establishing limits on the notional
level of our inventory and by managing net position levels with those limits.
Currency Risk Currency risk arises from the possibility that fluctuations in foreign
exchange rates will impact the value of financial instruments. A portion of our business is
conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, and changes in foreign exchange rates relative
to the U.S. dollar can therefore affect the value of non-U.S. dollar net assets, revenues and
expenses. A change in the foreign currency rates could create either a foreign currency transaction
gain/loss (recorded in our consolidated statements of operations) or a foreign currency translation
adjustment to the stockholders equity section of our consolidated statements of financial
condition.
VALUE-AT-RISK
Value-at-Risk (VaR) is the potential loss in value of our trading positions due to adverse
market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. We perform a daily
VaR analysis on substantially all of our trading positions, including fixed income, equities,
convertible bonds, exchange traded options, and all associated economic hedges. These positions
encompass both customer-related activities and proprietary investments. We use a VaR model because
it provides a common metric for assessing market risk across business lines and products. Changes
in VaR between reporting periods are generally due to changes in levels of risk exposure,
volatilities and/or correlations among asset classes and individual securities.
In the first quarter of 2008, we changed the underlying methodology used to calculate our VaR
from a historical simulation model to a Monte Carlo simulation model after implementing a new
market risk management system. Historical simulation assumes that returns in the future will have
the same distribution they had in the past. Monte Carlo simulation, in comparison, generates
scenarios of random market moves and revalues the portfolio given each of those market moves. We
believe that a Monte Carlo simulation is an enhanced VaR methodology. In addition, the Monte Carlo
simulation model can better account for options and other instruments that contain optionality. The
new system also provides us with better modeling of the correlations among all of our asset
classes. All prior year data has been restated to reflect the change in methodology.
Model-based VaR derived from simulation has inherent limitations including: reliance on
historical data to predict future market risk; VaR calculated using a one-day time horizon does not
fully capture the market risk of positions that cannot be liquidated or offset with hedges within
one day; and published VaR results reflect past trading positions while future risk depends on
future positions.
The modeling of the market risk characteristics of our trading positions involves a number of
assumptions and approximations. While we believe that these assumptions and approximations are
reasonable, different assumptions and approximations could produce materially different VaR
estimates.
The following table quantifies the model-based VaR simulated for each component of market risk
for the periods presented computed using the past 250 days of historical data. When calculating VaR
we use a 95 percent confidence level and a one-day time horizon. This means that, over time, there
is a 1 in 20 chance that daily trading net revenues will fall below the expected daily trading net
revenues by an amount at least as large as the reported VaR. Shortfalls on a single day can exceed
reported VaR by significant amounts. Shortfalls can also accumulate over a longer time horizon,
such as a number of consecutive trading days. Therefore, there can be no assurance that actual
losses occurring on any given day arising from changes in market conditions will not exceed the VaR
amounts shown below or that such losses will not occur more than once in a 20-day trading period.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At June 30, |
|
|
At December 31, |
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Interest Rate Risk |
|
$ |
1,465 |
|
|
$ |
2,085 |
|
Equity Price Risk |
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
Diversification Effect (1) |
|
|
(528 |
) |
|
|
(736 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Value-at-Risk |
|
$ |
1,294 |
|
|
$ |
1,797 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equals the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for the two risk categories.
This effect arises because the two market risk categories are not perfectly correlated. |
We view average VaR over a period of time as more representative of trends in the business
than VaR at any single point in time. The table below illustrates the daily high, low and average
value-at-risk calculated for each component of market risk during the three months ended June 30,
2008.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2008 |
|
High |
|
Low |
|
Average |
(Dollars in thousands) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Rate Risk |
|
$ |
3,216 |
|
|
$ |
730 |
|
|
$ |
1,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity Price Risk |
|
|
1,836 |
|
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
633 |
|
Diversification Effect (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(849 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Value-at-Risk |
|
|
2,909 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
1,366 |
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Equals the difference between total VaR and the sum of the VaRs for the two risk categories.
This effect arises because the two market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.
Because high and low VaR numbers for these risk categories may have occurred on different
days, high and low numbers for diversification benefit would not be meaningful. |
Trading losses incurred on a single day exceeded our 95% one-day VaR on three occasions during
the second quarter of 2008.
In the first half of 2008 our aggregate VaR decreased compared to levels reported as of
December 31, 2007. The impact to the VaR due to the overall increase in market volatility was more
than offset by the decrease in certain proprietary inventories. We do anticipate, however, that our
aggregate VaR may increase in future periods as we re-commit more of our own capital to proprietary
investments.
In addition to VaR, we also employ supplementary measures to monitor and manage market risk
exposure including the following: net market position, duration exposure, option sensitivities, and
inventory turnover. All metrics are aggregated by asset concentration and are used for monitoring
limits and exception approvals.
LIQUIDITY RISK
Market risk can be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants
refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Depending on the
specific security, the structure of the financial product, and/or overall market conditions, we may
be forced to hold onto a security for substantially longer than we had planned. Our inventory
positions subject us to potential financial losses from the reduction in value of illiquid
positions.
We are also exposed to liquidity risk in our day-to-day funding activities. In addition to the
benefit of having a strong capital structure, we manage this risk by diversifying our funding
sources across products and among individual counterparties within those products. For example, our
treasury department can switch between repurchase agreements, and secured and unsecured bank
borrowings on any given day depending on the pricing and availability of funding from any one of
these sources. Certain parts of our trading securities are financed
through a primary funding provider, which, as part of our
diversification strategy, we support with alternative sources of
financing.
In addition to managing our capital and funding, the treasury department oversees the
management of net interest income risk and the overall use of our capital, funding, and balance
sheet.
As discussed within Liquidity, Funding and Capital Resources above, the turmoil in the
credit markets surrounding Monolines in the first half of 2008 has disrupted traditional sources of
liquidity for variable rate demand notes, auction rate municipal securities and variable rate
municipal trust certificates, which support our tender option bond program.
We currently act as the remarketing agent for approximately $6.5 billion of variable rate
demand notes, which all have a financial institution providing a liquidity guarantee. As
remarketing agent for our clients variable rate demand notes, we are the first source of liquidity
for sellers of these instruments. At certain times, demand from buyers of variable rate demand
notes is less that the supply generated by sellers of these instruments. In times of supply and
demand imbalance we may (but are not obligated to) facilitate liquidity by purchasing variable rate
demand notes from sellers for our own account. Our liquidity risk related to variable rate demand
notes is ultimately mitigated by our ability to put these securities back to the financial
institution providing the liquidity guarantee.
We currently act as the broker-dealer for approximately $0.8 billion of auction rate municipal
securities, all of which are insured by Monolines. Demand by investors for auction rate securities
backed by certain Monolines declined significantly in the first quarter of 2008. With regard to
these securities, we increased our inventory positions in the first quarter of 2008 in an effort to
facilitate liquidity. The market for auction rate securities has ceased to function and as a result
we have been working with the underlying municipal issuers to restructure their outstanding auction rate debt into something more
market-acceptable. As of July 25, 2008, our inventory position was reduced to $50.2 million in
these securities.
As of June 30, 2008, our tender option bond program had securitized $339.9 million of
municipal bonds in 26 trusts. Each municipal bond is sold into a trust that is funded by the sale
of variable rate municipal trust certificates to institutional customers seeking variable rate
tax-free investment products. We act as the remarketing agent for all of these trusts. See
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements Special Purpose Entities above, for further discussion of our
tender option bond program.
We believe that the municipal debt markets have begun to stabilize in the second quarter, but
we may continue to experience increased uncertainty and volatility in the municipal debt markets
for several months or quarters, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
CREDIT RISK
Credit risk in our Capital Markets business arises from potential non-performance by
counterparties, customers, borrowers or issuers of securities we hold in our trading inventory. We
are exposed to credit risk in our role as a trading counterparty to dealers and customers, as a
holder of securities and as a member of exchanges and clearing organizations. Our client activities
involve the execution, settlement and financing of various transactions. Client activities are
transacted on a delivery versus payment, cash or margin basis. Our credit exposure to institutional
client business is mitigated by the use of industry-standard delivery versus payment through
depositories and clearing banks.
Credit exposure associated with our customer margin accounts in the U.S. and Hong Kong are
monitored daily and are collateralized. Our risk management functions have created credit risk
policies establishing appropriate credit limits for our customers utilizing margin lending.
Our risk management functions review risk associated with institutional counterparties with
whom we hold repurchase and resale agreement facilities, stock borrow or loan facilities,
derivatives, TBAs and other documented institutional counterparty agreements that may give rise to
credit exposure. Counterparty levels are established relative to the level of counterparty ratings
and potential levels of activity.
We are subject to credit concentration risk if we hold large individual securities positions,
execute large transactions with individual counterparties or groups of related counterparties,
extend large loans to individual borrowers or make substantial underwriting commitments.
Concentration risk can occur by industry, geographic area or type of client. Potential credit
concentration risk is carefully monitored and is managed through the use of policies and limits.
We are also exposed to the risk of loss related to changes in the credit spreads of debt
instruments. Credit spread risk arises from potential changes in an issuers credit rating or the
markets perception of the issuers credit worthiness.
OPERATIONAL RISK
Operational risk refers to the risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or
failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. We rely on the ability of
our employees, our internal systems and processes and systems at computer centers operated by third
parties to process a large number of transactions. In the event of a breakdown or improper
operation of our systems or processes or improper action by our employees or third-party vendors,
we could suffer financial loss, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. We have business
continuity plans in place that we believe will cover critical processes on a company-wide basis,
and redundancies are built into our systems as we have deemed appropriate. These control mechanisms
attempt to ensure that operations policies and procedures are being followed and that our various
businesses are operating within established corporate policies and limits.
LEGAL, REGULATORY AND COMPLIANCE RISK
Legal, regulatory and compliance risk includes the risk of non-compliance with applicable
legal and regulatory requirements and the risk that a counterpartys performance obligations will
be unenforceable. We are generally subject to extensive regulation in the various jurisdictions in
which we conduct our business. We have established procedures that are designed to ensure
compliance with applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, including, but not limited to,
those related to regulatory net capital requirements, sales and trading practices, use and
safekeeping of customer funds and securities, credit extension, money-laundering, privacy and
recordkeeping.
We have established internal policies relating to ethics and business conduct, and compliance
with applicable legal and regulatory requirements, as well as training and other procedures
designed to ensure that these policies are followed.
REPUTATION AND OTHER RISK
We recognize that maintaining our reputation among clients, investors, regulators and the
general public is critical. Maintaining our reputation depends on a large number of factors,
including the conduct of our business activities and the types of clients and counterparties with
whom we conduct business. We seek to maintain our reputation by conducting our business activities
in accordance with high ethical standards and performing appropriate reviews of clients and
counterparties.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information under the caption Enterprise Risk Management in Item 2, Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, in this Form 10-Q is
incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the
supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on this evaluation, our principal executive
officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are
effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or
submit under the Exchange Act is (a) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time
periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (b) accumulated and
communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial
officer to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure. During the second quarter of our fiscal
year ended December 31, 2008, there was no change in our system of internal control over financial
reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934)
that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control
over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The following supplements and amends our discussion set forth under Item 3 Legal Proceedings
in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, as updated by our
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.
Initial Public Offering Fee Antitrust Litigation
Plaintiffs again moved for class certification, and the underwriter defendants opposed that
motion. Subsequently, the parties entered into a settlement agreement which disposed of all
actions.
Enron Litigation
On April 29, 2008, various defendants filed and/or joined in motions for summary judgment
against Enron arguing that they were non-avoidable settlement payments within the meaning of 11
U.S.C. Section §5461(e) and that the earmarking doctrine precludes avoiding the transactions. The
motions are pending before the court.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The discussion of our business and operations should be read together with the risk factors
contained in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December
31, 2007 filed with the SEC, as updated in our subsequent reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC.
These risk factors describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject.
These risks and uncertainties have the potential to affect our business, financial condition,
results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of
Piper Jaffray Companies or any affiliated purchaser (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of our common stock during the quarter ended June 30, 2008.
In addition, a third-party trustee makes open-market purchases of our common stock from time
to time pursuant to the Piper Jaffray Companies Retirement Plan, under which participating
employees may allocate assets to a company stock fund.
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Total Number of |
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Shares Purchased as |
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Approximate Dollar Value |
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Total Number |
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Part of Publicly |
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of Shares that May Yet Be |
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of Shares |
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Average Price Paid |
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Announced Plans or |
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Purchased Under the Plans |
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Period |
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Purchased |
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per Share |
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Programs |
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|
or Programs(1) |
|
Month #1
(April 1, 2008 to April 30, 2008) |
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20,041 |
(2) |
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$ |
38.03 |
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0 |
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$100 million |
Month #2
(May 1, 2008 to May 31, 2008) |
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12,058 |
(2) |
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$ |
38.45 |
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0 |
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$100 million |
Month #3
(June 1, 2008 to June 30, 2008) |
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0 |
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$ |
0 |
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0 |
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$100 million |
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Total |
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32,099 |
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$ |
38.18 |
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0 |
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$100 million |
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(1) |
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On April 16, 2008, we announced that our board of directors had authorized the repurchase of
up to $100 million of common stock through June 30, 2010. |
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(2) |
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Consists of shares of common stock purchased from recipients of restricted stock to pay taxes
upon the vesting of the restricted stock. |
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
(a) |
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The Companys 2008 annual meeting of shareholders was held on May 7, 2008. The holders of
16,798,462 shares of common stock, 90 percent of the outstanding shares entitled to vote as of
the record date, were represented at the meeting in person or by proxy. |
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(c) |
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At the annual meeting, Michael R. Francis, Addison L. Piper and Lisa K. Polsky were elected
as directors to serve a one-year term expiring at the annual meeting of shareholders in 2009.
The following table shows the vote totals for each of these individuals: |
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Name |
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Votes For |
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Authority Withheld |
Michael R. Francis |
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16,469,899 |
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328,563 |
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Addison L. Piper |
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16,484,195 |
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314,267 |
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Lisa K. Polsky |
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16,524,900 |
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273,562 |
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At the annual meeting, our shareholders also ratified the selection of Ernst & Young LLP as
the Companys independent auditors for the year ending December 31, 2008, and approved the Piper
Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan. The following
table indicates the specific voting results for each of these items:
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Broker |
Proposal |
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Votes For |
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Votes Against |
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Abstentions |
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Non-Votes |
Ratification of the
selection of Ernst
& Young LLP as the
independent auditor
for the year ended
December 31, 2008.
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16,695,590 |
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44,640 |
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58,232 |
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0 |
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Approval of the Piper Jaffray
Companies Amended
and Restated 2003
Annual and
Long-Term Incentive
Plan |
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9,264,344 |
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5,250,609 |
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717,627 |
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1,565,882 |
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
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Exhibit |
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Method of |
Number |
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Description |
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Filing |
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10.1
|
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Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.
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Filed herewith |
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10.2
|
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Management Committee Performance Grants under
the Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive
Plan.
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Filed herewith |
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10.3
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Incremental Grants under the Piper Jaffray
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.
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Filed herewith |
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10.4
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Employment Agreement by and among Piper Jaffray Asia Holdings Limited, Piper Jaffray
Companies and Ko, Po Ming.
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Filed herewith |
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31.1
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
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Filed herewith |
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31.2
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
|
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Filed herewith |
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32.1
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Certifications furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
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Filed herewith |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on
August 1, 2008.
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PIPER JAFFRAY COMPANIES |
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By /s/ Andrew S. Duff
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Its Chairman and CEO |
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By /s/ Debbra L. Schoneman
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Its Chief Financial Officer |
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Exhibit Index
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Exhibit |
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Method of |
Number |
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Description |
|
Filing |
|
|
|
|
|
10.1
|
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Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.
|
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Filed herewith |
|
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10.2
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Management Committee Performance Grants under
the Piper Jaffray Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive
Plan.
|
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Filed herewith |
|
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10.3
|
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Form of Restricted Stock Agreement for Incremental Grants under the Piper Jaffray
Companies Amended and Restated 2003 Annual and Long-Term Incentive Plan.
|
|
Filed herewith |
|
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|
|
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10.4
|
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Employment Agreement by and among Piper Jaffray Asia Holdings Limited, Piper Jaffray
Companies and Ko, Po Ming.
|
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Filed herewith |
|
|
|
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31.1
|
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
|
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Filed herewith |
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31.2
|
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Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
|
|
Filed herewith |
|
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32.1
|
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Certifications furnished pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
Filed herewith |