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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 or
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 0-19095
SOMANETICS CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| MICHIGAN (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
38-2394784 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| 1653 East Maple Road, Troy, Michigan (Address of principal executive offices) |
48083-4208 (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (248) 689-3050
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
| Common Shares, par value $.01 per share | The NASDAQ Stock Market |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated
filer, or a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See
definitions of “accelerated filer, large accelerated
filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated
filer o Accelerated
filer þ Non-accelerated
filer o Small-reporting
company o
(Do
not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ.
The aggregate market value of the common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of
May 31, 2007 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal
quarter), computed by reference to the closing sale price as reported by NASDAQ on such date, was
approximately $234,910,000.
The number of the registrant’s common shares outstanding as of February 6, 2008 was 13,449,234.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, scheduled to be held
April 10, 2008, are incorporated by reference in Part III, if the Proxy Statement is filed no later
than March 29, 2008.
SOMANETICS CORPORATION
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED NOVEMBER 30, 2007
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Overview
We develop, manufacture and market the INVOS System, a non-invasive patient monitoring system
that continuously measures changes in the blood oxygen levels in the brain and elsewhere in the
body in somatic, or skeletal muscle, tissue in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow.
The brain is the organ least tolerant of oxygen deprivation. Without sufficient oxygen, brain
damage may occur within minutes, which can result in paralysis, other disabilities or death. Brain
oxygen information, therefore, is important, especially in surgical procedures requiring general
anesthesia and in other critical care situations with a high risk of the brain getting less oxygen
than it needs. The INVOS System consists of a portable monitoring system, including proprietary
technology, which is used with multiple single-use disposable sensors, called SomaSensors. During
our fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, net revenues from SomaSensors comprised approximately 73
percent of our net revenues. As of November 30, 2007, we had an installed base of 2,006 INVOS
System monitors in the United States in 664 hospitals, and during fiscal 2007 we sold approximately
371,000 SomaSensors worldwide.
Clinical studies have shown that using the INVOS System to monitor and provide information to
help manage the regional brain blood oxygen saturation of patients is associated with significantly
fewer incidences of major organ dysfunction, which can significantly improve patient outcomes and
reduce hospital costs. During fiscal 2004, the results of the first prospective, randomized,
blinded intervention trial were presented, and the results were published in the January 2007 issue
of a peer-reviewed anesthesia journal. The study showed that when the INVOS System was used to
monitor and provide information to help manage the regional brain blood oxygen saturation of
coronary artery bypass surgery patients, the occurrence of major organ morbidity or mortality was
reduced from 11 percent to three percent and patients with major organ morbidity or mortality have
significantly longer length of stay in the intensive care unit than those without. Additionally,
in 2004, the results of a large retrospective review showed a statistically significant greater
than 50 percent reduction (2.01 percent versus 0.97 percent) in the incidence of permanent stroke
when information from the INVOS System was used to help manage brain blood oxygen saturation of
cardiac surgery patients. The results also showed a reduced length of hospital stay and reduced
incidence of prolonged ventilation when the INVOS System was used.
Our INVOS System has U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, clearance in the United States
for use on adults, children and infants. We target the sale of the INVOS System for use in
surgical procedures and other critical care situations with a high risk of oxygen imbalances. We
initially focused our marketing efforts primarily on adult and pediatric cardiac surgeries and
carotid artery surgeries. In the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we initiated selling and marketing
efforts for the INVOS System in the pediatric ICU. We plan to launch the INVOS System into the
neonatal ICU in early 2008 after completing additional market research of a smaller SomaSensor.
Some of our potential future markets may include major surgeries involving diabetic and elderly
patients. While our initial focus has been commercializing the INVOS System to measure blood
oxygen saturation changes in the brain, we believe that there are opportunities to use the INVOS
System in regions of the body other than the brain. In November 2005, we received 510(k) clearance
from the FDA to market our INVOS System to monitor changes in blood oxygen saturation elsewhere in
the body in somatic, or skeletal muscle, tissue in patients with or at risk for restricted blood
flow. Our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second
quarter of 2006, can display information from four SomaSensors, which allows for the simultaneous
monitoring of changes in blood oxygen saturation in the brain and, in patients with or at risk for
restricted blood flow, in somatic tissue.
We are currently sponsoring a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial involving
diabetic patients over age 50 who are undergoing major general surgery. The study group will
consist of patients whose surgeries are managed based on information provided by the INVOS System,
and the control group will consist of similarly situated patients whose surgeries are not managed
based on information provided by the INVOS System. The two groups will be compared across measures
of patient outcomes and hospital costs, including length of hospital stay. Diabetics are at
particular risk of oxygen imbalances because of a higher incidence of vascular disease. If results
of this trial are positive, we intend to target more actively the sale of the INVOS System for use
in diabetic patients undergoing major general surgeries, consistent with FDA requirements. We are
also evaluating sponsorship of other
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clinical trials which may allow us to more actively target the sale of the INVOS System for
use in other patient populations. There are also numerous other independent clinical studies
evaluating the use of the INVOS System.
We sell the INVOS System through a direct sales team in the United States, consisting of
salespersons and clinical specialists, the size of which has increased from 26 persons at the end
of fiscal 2005 to 53 persons at the end of fiscal 2007, and four independent sales representative
firms. Outside the United States, we market the INVOS System through independent distributors,
including Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, in Europe, Canada, the Middle East and South Africa,
and Edwards Lifesciences Ltd. in Japan. We expect to increase the size of our U.S. direct sales
team in fiscal 2008 and are evaluating placing direct salespersons and clinical specialists in
Europe to support Covidien. Our net revenues have increased from $20.5 million in the fiscal year
ended November 2005 to $38.6 million in fiscal 2007, representing a compounded annual growth rate
of 37.2 percent. As a percentage of net revenues, our gross margin improved from 87 percent in
fiscal 2005 to 88 percent in fiscal 2007.
Our Corporate Information
We were incorporated under the laws of the State of Michigan in 1982. Our principal executive
offices are located at 1653 East Maple Road, Troy, Michigan 48083-4208, and our telephone number
is (248) 689-3050. Our website address is www.somanetics.com. The information on, or that can be
accessed through, our website is not a part of this report. Unless the context indicates
otherwise, as used in this report, the terms “Somanetics,” “Somanetics Corporation,” the “Company,”
“we,” “us” and “our” refer to Somanetics Corporation, a Michigan corporation.
Somanetics®, INVOS®, SomaSensor®, Window to the
Brain®, Reflecting the Color of Life®, Enlightening Medicine® and
CorRestore® are our registered trademarks. Each of the other trademarks, trade names or
service marks appearing in this report belongs to its respective holder.
Industry
Market Opportunity
We believe that in the United States in 2007 there were approximately five million surgeries
involving elderly patients who, due to the type of surgery, age of the patient or other factors,
have a higher risk of developing post-operative complications. Such surgeries include cardiac
surgeries, carotid surgeries and other major general surgeries involving elderly patients. In
addition, we believe that there are other patient populations, such as non-elderly adult, pediatric
and neonatal patients, undergoing major surgeries and patients undergoing ICU treatment or in other
critical care situations that face a high risk of brain oxygen imbalances.
Hospitals in the United States have economic incentives to control health care costs. They
often receive a fixed fee from Medicare, managed care organizations and private insurers based on
the disease diagnosed, rather than on the services actually performed. Therefore, hospitals are
increasingly focused on avoiding unexpected costs, such as those associated with increased hospital
stays of patients with brain or other organ damage or other adverse outcomes following surgery or
ICU treatment. The costs to the health care system associated with adverse surgical and ICU
outcomes and lengthened hospital stays can be significant. In addition, lack of immediate
knowledge about blood oxygen levels in areas such as the brain or somatic tissue can result in
unnecessary medical treatments and associated costs. With the increasing focus by hospitals on
avoiding unexpected costs, especially in the operating room, ICU and other critical care areas, we
believe that there are significant incentives to evaluate and adopt new monitoring technologies
which could provide information to improve patient care and reduce costs.
Brain Oxygen Imbalances and Its Effects
Oxygen is carried to the brain by hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin passes through the
lungs, bonds with oxygen and is pumped by the heart through arteries and capillaries to the brain.
Brain cells extract oxygen and the blood carries away carbon dioxide through the capillaries and
veins back to the lungs.
The brain is the human organ least tolerant of oxygen deprivation. Without sufficient oxygen,
brain damage may occur within minutes, which can result in paralysis, severe and complex
disabilities, or death.
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Undetected brain hypoxia, which is a condition in which there is a decrease of oxygen supply
to the brain even though there is adequate blood flow, and ischemia, a condition in which blood
flow, and thus oxygen, is restricted to a part of the body, are common causes of brain damage and
death during and after many surgical procedures and in other critical care situations.
Brain oxygen imbalances can be caused by several factors, including changes in arterial blood
oxygen saturation, which is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin contained in a given amount of
blood which carries oxygen in the arteries to the tissues of the body, blood flow to the brain,
hemoglobin concentration and oxygen consumption by the brain.
Brain oxygen information is important in surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia, in
other critical care situations with a high risk of brain oxygen imbalances, as well as in the
treatment of patients with head injuries or strokes. Once alerted to these imbalances, medical
professionals can use this and other information to take corrective action through the introduction
of medications, anesthetic agents or mechanical intervention, potentially improving patient
outcomes and reducing the costs of care. Immediate and continuous information about changes in
brain oxygen levels also provides immediate feedback regarding the adequacy of the selected
therapy. Equally important, without information about brain oxygen levels, therapy that may not be
necessary might be initiated in an attempt to ensure adequate brain oxygen levels and may have an
adverse impact on patient safety and increase hospital costs.
Limitations of Traditional Monitoring Technologies
We believe that it is uncommon for patients undergoing surgery to receive any sort of direct
neuromonitoring of brain blood oxygen saturation, in part due to some of the shortcomings of the
traditional technologies. When patients are monitored directly, several different methods are used
to detect one or more of the factors affecting brain oxygen levels or the effects of brain oxygen
imbalances. These methods include invasive jugular bulb catheter monitoring, transcranial Doppler,
electroencephalograms, or EEGs, intracranial pressure monitoring, and neurological examination.
These methods have not been widely adopted to monitor brain oxygen levels in critical care
situations for a variety of reasons. The use of these methods is limited because they are either
expensive, difficult or impractical to use, invasive, not reliable under some circumstances, not
organ specific, not able to measure more than one factor affecting oxygen imbalances in the brain,
or not able to provide continuous information.
Our Solution
Our INVOS System is a non-invasive patient monitoring system that provides continuous
information about changes in blood oxygen saturation levels. We believe that our INVOS System
addresses the market’s need for a solution that is non-invasive, continuous, immediate, effective
and easy to use. The INVOS System, which is predominantly used in hospital critical care areas
such as operating rooms and ICUs, consists of a portable monitoring system, including proprietary
technology, which is used with multiple single-use disposable SomaSensors. For multi-channel
cerebral monitoring, SomaSensors are placed on both sides of a patient’s forehead and are connected
to the monitor. The INVOS System uses our proprietary technology to analyze information received
from the SomaSensors and provides a continuous digital and trend display of an index of the blood
oxygen saturation in the area of the body under the SomaSensors. Our four-channel cerebral and
somatic INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second quarter of 2006, can display
information from four SomaSensors, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of changes in blood
oxygen saturation in the brain and, in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow, in
somatic tissue.
Surgeons, anesthesiologists and other medical professionals can use the information provided
by the INVOS System, in conjunction with other available information, to identify brain oxygen
imbalances and take necessary corrective action, potentially improving patient outcomes and
reducing the costs of care. Once the cause of a cerebral oxygen imbalance is identified and
therapy is initiated, the INVOS System provides immediate feedback regarding the adequacy of the
selected therapy. It can also provide medical professionals with an additional level of assurance
when they make decisions regarding the need for therapy.
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Unlike some existing monitoring methods, the INVOS System functions even when the patient is
unconscious, lacks a strong peripheral pulse or has suppressed neural activity. The measurement
made by the INVOS System is dominated by information from the blood in the veins, where the balance
of oxygen supply and demand can be more effectively assessed. Therefore, it responds to the
changes in factors that affect the balance between cerebral oxygen supply and demand, including
changes in arterial oxygen saturation, cerebral blood flow, hemoglobin concentration and cerebral
oxygen consumption. The INVOS System responds to global changes in brain oxygen levels and to
events that affect brain oxygen levels in the region beneath the SomaSensor.
The following table summarizes some of the principal features and related benefits of the
INVOS System:
| Features | Benefits | |
Non-invasive
|
• Reduced
risk to patients and medical professionals |
|
• Consistent with market trend toward less invasive medical procedures |
||
Continuous Information
|
• Immediate information regarding brain oxygen imbalances
to help guide therapeutic interventions |
|
• Trend information, rather than at a single point in time |
||
4-Channel Monitoring
|
•
Simultaneous cerebral and somatic tissue monitoring |
|
• Provides
more data points to help manage patient care |
||
Cost-Effective
|
• Low
cost relative to traditional brain monitoring
methods |
|
• Small
portion of the total cost of the procedures in
which it is used |
||
• Information
can potentially improve patient outcomes
and reduce the overall cost of care |
||
Easy to Use
|
• Does not require a dedicated technician to operate or
interpret |
|
•
Automatic SomaSensor calibration |
||
• Simple
user interface and controls |
||
Effective in Difficult Circumstances |
• Provides information when the patient is unconscious,
lacks a strong peripheral pulse or has suppressed neural
activity, specifically during cardiac arrest,
hypothermia, hypertension, hypotension and hypovolemia |
|
Portable/Compatible
|
•
Placed at patient’s bedside |
|
•
Lightweight |
||
•
Can be integrated or interfaced with existing multi-modality systems |
The CorRestore System
In addition to the INVOS System, we also develop and market the CorRestore System, which
includes a cardiac implant, which we call the CorRestore Patch, for use in cardiac repair and
reconstruction, including heart surgeries called surgical ventricular restoration, or SVR. During
SVR, the surgeon restores an enlarged, poorly functioning left ventricle to more normal size and
function by inserting an implant, in most instances, or closing the defect directly. Sales of
CorRestore Systems represented less than one percent of our fiscal 2007 net revenues.
Business Strategy
Our objective is to establish the INVOS System as a standard of care in surgical procedures
requiring general anesthesia and in other critical care situations. Key elements of our strategy
include to:
| • | Target Surgical Procedures and Other Critical Care Situations with a High Risk of Oxygen Imbalances. We target surgical procedures and other critical care situations with a high risk of oxygen imbalances. Some of our current and potential future markets include cardiac surgeries, carotid artery surgeries, pediatric and neonatal ICU applications and other major surgeries involving diabetic or elderly patients. We believe that the medical professionals involved in these surgeries and ICU treatments are most aware of |
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| the risks of brain and other damage resulting from oxygen imbalances. Therefore, we believe that it will be easier to demonstrate the clinical importance of the information provided by the INVOS System to these professionals and potentially gain market acceptance for our products in connection with these surgeries and ICU treatments. | |||
| • | Sponsor Clinical Studies to Promote Expanded Acceptance of the INVOS System. We believe that our INVOS System has been evaluated in over 500 presentations, study abstracts and published papers. During the second quarter of fiscal 2004, results of both the first prospective, randomized clinical trial and a larger retrospective review evaluating the INVOS System were presented, which we believe have contributed to the INVOS System gaining further market penetration. In addition, in January 2007 the results of the first prospective, randomized clinical trial mentioned above were published in a peer-reviewed anesthesia journal. We plan to sponsor clinical studies using the INVOS System to demonstrate its benefits. We are currently sponsoring a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial involving diabetic patients over age 50 who are undergoing major general surgery. The study group will consist of patients whose surgeries are managed based on information provided by the INVOS System, and the control group will consist of similarly situated patients whose surgeries are not managed based on information provided by the INVOS System. The two groups will be compared across measures of patient outcomes and hospital costs, including length of hospital stay. Diabetics are at particular risk of oxygen imbalances because of a higher incidence of vascular disease. If results of this trial are positive, we intend to target more actively the sale of the INVOS System for use in diabetic patients undergoing major general surgeries, consistent with FDA requirements. We are also evaluating sponsorship of other clinical trials which may allow us to more actively target the sale of the INVOS System for use in other patient populations. We use the results of clinical studies to help convince the medical community of the clinical importance of the information provided by the INVOS System. We also sponsor peer-to-peer educational opportunities and promote use of the INVOS System in regional centers of influence that we believe will influence its adoption by others. | ||
| • | Invest in Sales and Marketing Activities. We continue to increase our investment in our distribution network consisting of our direct sales employees, independent sales representative firms and distributors. We sell the INVOS System through a direct sales team in the United States, the size of which has increased from 26 persons at the end of fiscal 2005 to 53 persons at the end of fiscal 2007, and four independent sales representative firms. We expect to increase the size of our U.S. direct sales team in fiscal 2008 and are evaluating placing direct salespersons and clinical specialists in Europe to support Covidien. We participate in trade shows and medical conferences, ongoing peer-to-peer educational programs and targeted public relations opportunities. | ||
| • | Interface and Integrate Our Technology into Other Manufacturers’ Multi-Modality Systems. There are many existing monitoring systems in the operating room and the ICU. We would like to interface with these monitors. We have interfaced the INVOS System with the Philips Medical Systems’ VueLink System to provide data, alarm events and status messages from the INVOS System on any monitor that accepts the VueLink module, a multi-parameter monitor. This enables oximetry data from our INVOS System to be displayed on the VueLink screen and integrated with other vital patient information. We plan to support the interface and integration of our INVOS System technology with other medical device manufacturers to expand the installed base of INVOS System monitors and increase the demand for SomaSensors. We expect that such arrangements will provide another distribution channel for our INVOS System. | ||
| • | Develop Additional Applications and Markets for the INVOS System. We have developed a smaller SomaSensor for use with infants, and are making other advances to the design and performance features of the INVOS System, including the SomaSensor. We are also evaluating additional potential market segments for our INVOS System, such as use in other major surgeries, in the adult ICU, and for other somatic applications of the technology. We are also exploring several novel near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging technologies and products under a Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement with NeuroPhysics Corporation. See “NeuroPhysics Corporation” below. Pursuit of some of these potential market segments may require additional FDA clearance. We believe that these natural extensions of our technology will increase our market potential without the more significant risks and costs associated with developing entirely new products. |
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The INVOS System
Components of the INVOS System
The INVOS System consists of a portable monitoring system, including proprietary technology,
which is used with multiple single-use disposable SomaSensors.
| • | Monitor. Our oximeter is a portable monitor that uses our proprietary technology to analyze information received from the SomaSensors. It provides a continuous digital and trend display of an index of the oxygen saturation in the region of the body under the SomaSensors. The monitor includes menus for users to set high and low audible alarms, customize the display and retrieve data. Single-function keys allow users to silence alarms, mark important events, store data for up to 28 surgical procedures, and retrieve data by USB storage device or through a direct link to a computer. Our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second quarter of 2006, measures approximately 11 inches wide, 9 inches high, and 7 inches deep and weighs approximately 11 pounds. We provide a one-year warranty on the monitor. As of November 30, 2007, we had an installed base of 2,006 INVOS System monitors in the United States in 664 hospitals. | ||
| • | SomaSensors. Each single-use SomaSensor contains a light source and two light detectors. For multi-channel cerebral monitoring, SomaSensors are placed on both sides of a patient’s forehead and are connected to the monitor, which allows for monitoring both sides of the brain. Our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second quarter of 2006, can display information from four SomaSensors, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of changes in blood oxygen saturation in the brain and, in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow, in somatic tissue. The number of sensors used depends on the application. The INVOS System is being used to monitor simultaneously the brain and somatic tissue initially for patients in the pediatric and neonatal ICU, and we expect that it will later also be used on adults and for monitoring somatic tissue alone. The SomaSensors contain information that is processed by the INVOS System allowing it to automatically calibrate each sensor. During our fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, net revenues from SomaSensors comprised approximately 73 percent of our net revenues. During fiscal 2007 we sold approximately 371,000 SomaSensors worldwide. |
Overview of INVOS Technology
Our proprietary In Vivo Optical Spectroscopy, or INVOS, technology is based primarily on the
physics of optical spectroscopy. Optical spectroscopy is the interpretation of the interaction
between matter and light. Spectrometers and spectrophotometers function primarily by shining light
through matter and measuring the extent to which the light is transmitted through, scattered by or
absorbed by the matter. Physicians and scientists can use spectrophotometers to examine human
blood and tissue. Although most human tissue is opaque to ordinary light, some wavelengths
penetrate tissue more easily than others. Therefore, by shining appropriate wavelengths of light
into the body and measuring its transmission, scattering and absorption, or a combination of each,
physicians can obtain information about the matter under analysis. Optical spectroscopy generates
no ionizing radiation and produces no known hazardous effects.
By identifying the hemoglobin and the oxygenated hemoglobin and measuring the relative amounts
of each, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin can be measured. However, traditional optical
spectroscopy was generally not useful when the substances to be measured were surrounded by, were
behind or were near bone, muscle or other tissue, because they produce extraneous data that
interferes with analysis of the data from the area being examined.
We have developed a method of reducing extraneous spectroscopic data caused by surrounding
bone, muscle and other tissue. This method, which is embedded in our INVOS System, allows us to
gather information about portions of the body that previously could not be analyzed using
traditional optical spectroscopy. The INVOS
System measurement is made by our SomaSensors transmitting low-intensity visible and
near-infrared light through
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a portion of the body and detecting the manner in which the molecules
of the exposed substance interact with light at specific wavelengths.
Each single-use SomaSensor contains a light source and two light detectors. The dual detector
design of the SomaSensor enables us to measure scattered light intensities from the intermediate
tissues of skin, muscle and bone in a separate process. While both detectors receive similar
information about the tissue between the sensor and the area under examination, the detector
further from the light source detects light that has penetrated deeper into the body, and,
therefore, receives more information specific to the brain or skeletal muscle tissue under
examination than does the detector closer to the light source. By comparing the two measurements,
our INVOS technology is able to suppress the influence of the tissues between the sensor and the
brain or somatic tissue under examination to provide a measurement of changes in brain or skeletal
muscle tissue blood oxygen saturation.
Applications and Market Segments
We target the sale of the INVOS System for use in surgical procedures and other critical care
situations with a high risk of oxygen imbalances. We believe that our INVOS System has
applications for cerebral and somatic monitoring in the following key market segments:
| • | Cardiac and Carotid Artery Surgery. Until the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we focused our marketing efforts primarily on cardiac and carotid artery surgeries. We believed it would be easier to demonstrate clinical importance of the information provided by the INVOS System and potentially gain market acceptance for our products in connection with these surgeries. Moreover, much of the earliest clinical data regarding the use of the INVOS System involved these surgeries. In September 2000, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market the model 5100 INVOS System in the United States. Unlike earlier models, the model 5100 INVOS System has the added capability of being able to monitor pediatric patients. After receiving this clearance, we expanded our marketing efforts to include pediatric cardiac surgeries. | ||
| • | Pediatric and Neonatal ICU. In the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we initiated selling and marketing efforts for the INVOS System in the pediatric ICU. We plan to launch the INVOS System into the neonatal ICU in early 2008, after completing additional market research of a smaller SomaSensor. Our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second quarter of 2006, can display information from four SomaSensors, which will allow for the simultaneous monitoring of changes in blood oxygen saturation in the brain and, in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow, in somatic tissue. We expect that the INVOS System will be used to monitor simultaneously the brain and somatic tissue initially for patients in the pediatric and neonatal ICU. | ||
| • | Diabetic Patient Major Surgeries. We are currently sponsoring a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial involving diabetic patients over age 50 who are undergoing major general surgery. The study group will consist of patients whose surgeries are managed based on information provided by the INVOS System, and the control group will consist of similarly situated patients whose surgeries are not managed based on information provided by the INVOS System. The two groups will be compared across measures of patient outcomes and hospital costs, including length of hospital stay. Diabetics are at particular risk of oxygen imbalances because of a higher incidence of vascular disease. If results of this trial are positive, we intend to target more actively the sale of the INVOS System for use in diabetic patients undergoing major general surgeries, consistent with FDA requirements. | ||
| • | Other Applications. We are also evaluating sponsorship of other clinical trials which may allow us to more actively target the sale of the INVOS System for use in other patient populations. If the results of these trials are positive, following completion of these trials and publication of the results, we intend to target the sale of the INVOS System for use on elderly patients undergoing major surgeries. We are also evaluating additional potential market segments for our INVOS System, such as use in other major surgeries, in the adult ICU, and for other somatic applications of the technology. We are also exploring several novel near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging technologies and products under a Contract Development and Exclusive |
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| Licensing Agreement with NeuroPhysics Corporation. See “NeuroPhysics Corporation” below. Pursuit of some of these potential market segments may require additional FDA clearance. |
Clinical Development
We believe that favorable peer-reviewed publication is a key element to the INVOS System’s
success. Accordingly, we support clinical research programs with third-party clinicians and
researchers intended to demonstrate the need for the INVOS System and the clinical importance of
the information it provides with the specific objective of publishing the results in peer-reviewed
journals. The research includes studies comparing patients managed using information provided by
the INVOS System with other patients, based on measures of patient outcome and hospital costs,
including patient length of stay, length of time on the ventilator, cognitive dysfunction and
incidence of stroke. In addition to the studies described below, we believe that our INVOS System
has been evaluated in over 500 presentations, study abstracts and published papers. During the
second quarter of fiscal 2004, results of the studies described below were presented, which we
believe have contributed to the INVOS System gaining further market penetration. In addition, in
January 2007 the results of the first prospective, randomized clinical trial mentioned below were
published in a peer-reviewed anesthesia journal.
Murkin Study
In the second quarter of 2004, the results of the first prospective, randomized, blinded
intervention study using the INVOS System were presented. The study showed a statistically
significant reduction in incidences of major organ dysfunction when the INVOS System was used to
provide information to help manage regional brain blood oxygen saturation in coronary artery bypass
surgery patients. The 200-patient study was conducted by John Murkin, M.D., professor of
anesthesiology at the University of Western Ontario, and was presented at Outcomes 2004:
Neurobehavioral Assessment, Physiological Monitoring and Cerebral Protective Strategies held in Key
West, Florida. The data and results of the intervention study reported on by Dr. Murkin at
Outcomes 2004 were published as John M. Murkin, M.D., et al., Monitoring Brain Oxygen Saturation
During Coronary Bypass Surgery: A Randomized, Prospective Study, in Anesthesia and Analgesia.
(January 2007).
Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery were randomly assigned to the control or
intervention group. Patients in both groups were monitored with the INVOS System during their
operations, but the monitor display in the control group (100 patients) was covered and patients’
treatments were managed routinely. In the intervention group (100 patients) the patients’
treatments were managed using information from the INVOS System, and the patients received a
pre-determined series of interventions to maintain the INVOS System’s index of regional cerebral
blood oxygen saturation within 75 percent of baseline values taken at the beginning of the
operation.
Independent observers assessed all of the patients for predefined clinical outcomes. The
complication criteria were those reported by cardiac surgeons to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons
National Database. These complications consist of common adverse outcomes following cardiac
surgery, such as stroke, respiratory failure, renal failure and other major morbidities.
Dr. Murkin found that regional brain oxygen desaturations were quite common and are related to
major organ dysfunction. The intervention group experienced statistically significantly fewer
incidents of major organ dysfunction than the control group: three patients in the intervention
group experienced incidents of major organ morbidity or mortality, compared to 11 patients in the
control group. With respect to stroke specifically, one patient in the intervention group
experienced a stroke, compared to four patients in the control group. The difference was not
statistically significant.
A financial analysis of Dr. Murkin’s data was conducted by Leaden Hickman, Ph.D., assistant
professor, health sciences and administration at the University of Michigan, and Dr. Murkin. This
analysis was presented at Outcomes 2005: Neurobehavioral Assessment, Physiological Monitoring and
Cerebral Protective Strategies held in Key West, Florida in May 2005. The analysis showed
measurable cost differences between the intervention and control groups. Total cost per patient
was lower in the intervention group than in the control group ($14,921 vs. $15,619). This
difference was not statistically significant. The potential complication avoidance results in a
total savings of $231,540, or a savings of $1,158 per patient averaged over the entire study group.
The data and results of
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the financial analysis conducted by Leaden Hickman, Ph.D., and presented at Outcomes 2005,
have not been published in a peer-reviewed publication.
Goldman Study
In the second quarter of 2004, the results of a retrospective, blinded intervention study
using the INVOS System were presented. The study showed a statistically significant reduction in
permanent stroke when information from the INVOS System was used to help manage regional brain
blood oxygen saturation in cardiac surgery patients. The principal investigator in the
2,279-patient study was Scott Goldman, M.D., chairman of the department of surgery at
Pennsylvania-based Main Line Health Center, Lankenau Hospital. Findings from the study were
presented at the Cardiothoracic Techniques and Technologies Annual Meeting in March 2004 and were
published as Scott Goldman, M.D., et al., Optimizing Intraoperative Cerebral Oxygen Delivery Using
Noninvasive Cerebral Oximetry Decreases the Incidence of Stroke for Cardiac Surgical Patients, in
The Heart Surgery Forum #2004-1062 (September 2004).
The study included all patients who underwent cardiac surgery for any reason at the Lankenau
Hospital and Institute for Medical Research from July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2003. The control group
consisted of 1,245 patients who underwent surgery in the 18 months before cerebral oximetry
monitoring with the INVOS System was introduced at the hospital on January 1, 2002. The study
group consisted of 1,034 patients who underwent surgery during the following 18 months and were
monitored with the INVOS System. Operative techniques were modified in the study group to maintain
cerebral oximetry values at or near the pre-operative baseline throughout the surgery. The study
group included a significantly sicker population of patients than the control group, as determined
by pre-operative New York Heart Association, or NYHA, classification and co-morbidities.
The incidence of permanent stroke in the study group (0.97 percent) was statistically
significantly less than in the control group (2.01 percent), despite a sicker population according
to the higher NYHA class of the study group. Although the incidence of permanent stroke was lower
in the study group, the incidence of all neurologic dysfunction, including stroke and transient
ischemic attack, was similar in the two groups. The proportion of patients requiring prolonged
ventilation also was statistically significantly smaller in the study group, 6.8 percent, compared
to 10.6 percent in the control group. Total ventilator time was statistically significantly
shorter in the study group (four hours) than the control group (five hours). The length of
hospital stay was similar overall in the two groups, but was statistically significantly shorter in
the study group when examined by pre-operative NYHA classifications of patients.
Dr. Goldman’s later analysis of these data concluded that the difference in incidence of
cerebrovascular accidents, or CVA, between the two groups translated into a potential avoidance of
12 CVAs in the study group and approximately $254,214 in direct costs and more than $425,000 in
total costs.
Diabetic Patients Studies
In the second quarter of 2005, Dr. Murkin presented the results of a 56-patient sub-study of
his prospective, randomized, blinded intervention study using the INVOS System described above
under “Murkin Study.” The sub-study showed that avoidance of cerebral oxygen desaturations in
actively managed diabetic coronary artery bypass graft patients was associated with improved
clinical outcomes. The sub-study was presented at the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists
27th Annual Meeting in Baltimore. The data and results of the intervention study
presented by Dr. Murkin in Baltimore have not been published in a peer-reviewed publication.
Diabetic patients have impaired cerebral autoregulation and oxygenation during cardiopulmonary
bypass surgery. This sub-study analyzed outcomes of two coronary artery bypass graft patient
groups: an intervention group of diabetic and non-diabetic patients who were monitored with the
INVOS System and received a pre-determined series of interventions to maintain the INVOS System’s
index of regional cerebral blood oxygen saturation within 75 percent of baseline values taken at
the beginning of the operation and a control group of diabetic and non-diabetic patients who were
monitored with the INVOS System, but the display was covered and the patients were managed
routinely. Diabetic patients in the intervention group required shorter ventilation (nine hours
versus 30 hours), shorter stays in the ICU (30 hours versus 69 hours) and shorter hospital stays
(5.5 days versus 8.4 days) than diabetic patients in the control group. All of these differences
were statistically significant. There were
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no statistically significant differences between the regional cerebral oxygen saturation
levels of the diabetic patients in the intervention group and the levels of the non-diabetic
patients in the intervention group.
We are currently sponsoring a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial involving
diabetic patients over age 50 who are undergoing major general surgery. The study group will
consist of patients whose surgeries are managed based on information provided by the INVOS System,
and the control group will consist of similarly situated patients whose surgeries are not managed
based on information provided by the INVOS System. The two groups will be compared across measures
of patient outcomes and hospital costs, including length of hospital stay. The initial phase of
this trial is being conducted at Duke University Medical Center and the neighboring Veteran’s
Administration Hospital. In the initial phase, which began in 2006, the investigators will
determine the number of patients to study in each of the intervention and control groups so that
the results are expected to be statistically significant. If results of this trial are positive,
we intend to target more actively the sale of the INVOS System for use in diabetic patients
undergoing major general surgeries, consistent with FDA requirements.
Other Future Studies
We are evaluating sponsoring other clinical trials which may allow us to more actively target
the sale of the INVOS System for use in other patient populations.
The CorRestore System
We develop and market the CorRestore System for use in cardiac repair and reconstruction,
including heart surgeries called surgical ventricular restoration, or SVR. During SVR, the surgeon
restores an enlarged, poorly functioning left ventricle to more normal size and function by
inserting an implant, in most instances, or closing the defect directly. The CorRestore System
consists of a patch with an integrated suture ring, as well as accessories for aiding the
implantation of the patch. Before the availability of the CorRestore System, SVR was generally
performed using a patch formed by the surgeon from medical grade fabrics or bovine pericardium
tissue. Sales of CorRestore Systems represented less than one percent of our fiscal 2007 net
revenues. In November 2005, we wrote off the remaining CorRestore license acquisition cost
intangible asset and recorded an impairment expense of $929,093. We wrote this off based on the
cash flow impairment analysis that was performed, the declining sales of CorRestore products and
the uncertainty regarding future prospective, randomized clinical data. In addition, in November
2007, we wrote off our remaining CorRestore inventory of $180,521.
License Agreement
In 2000, we entered into a license agreement with the inventors of the CorRestore System and
their company granting us licenses to specified rights relating to the CorRestore System and
related products and accessories for SVR. Transfer and sublicensing of our licenses are restricted
by the license agreement. In exchange for the licenses and consulting services, we agreed to pay
(1) a royalty of 10 percent in the aggregate of our net sales of products subject to the licenses,
for the term of the patent relating to the CorRestore System, and (2) a consulting fee of $25,000 a
year to each of the two inventors until we sell 1,000 CorRestore patches. We may terminate the
licenses (1) in our sole discretion, within 120 days after we sign a definitive agreement for
specified types of business combination transactions with another entity, if we pay a total of
$1,000,000 to CorRestore LLC and the inventors, or (2) if CorRestore LLC or either of the inventors
materially breaches specified covenants in the license agreement.
Marketing, Sales and Distribution
Marketing
We market the INVOS System primarily to cardiac and vascular surgeons, anesthesiologists and
other medical professionals. We believe that these specialists are the medical professionals most
aware of the risks of brain and other damage resulting from oxygen imbalances.
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We believe that favorable peer-reviewed publication is a key element to the INVOS System’s
success. Accordingly, we support clinical research programs with third-party clinicians and
researchers intended to demonstrate the need for the INVOS System and the clinical importance of
the information it provides with the specific objective of publishing the results in peer-reviewed
journals. The research includes studies comparing patients managed based on information provided
by the INVOS System with similarly situated patients not managed based on information provided by
the INVOS System, based on measures of patient outcomes and hospital costs, including patient
length of stay, length of time on the ventilator, cognitive dysfunction and incidence of stroke.
We attend trade shows and medical conferences to promote the INVOS System and to meet medical
professionals with an interest in performing research and reporting their results in peer-reviewed
medical journals and at major international medical conferences. We also sponsor peer-to-peer
educational opportunities, promote use of the INVOS System in regional centers of influence that we
believe will influence its adoption by others, and participate in targeted public relations
opportunities.
Sales and Distribution
We sell the INVOS System through a direct sales team in the United States, the size of which
has increased from 26 persons at the end of fiscal 2005 to 53 persons at the end of fiscal 2007,
and four independent sales representative firms. We expect to increase the size of our U.S. direct
sales team in fiscal 2008. We believe the selling cycle for the INVOS System is approximately six
to nine months.
Outside the United States, we have distribution agreements with independent distributors
covering 56 countries for the INVOS System. Our distributors for the INVOS System include
Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, in Europe, the Middle East, South Africa and Canada, and
Edwards Lifesciences Ltd., formerly Baxter Limited, in Japan. We are evaluating placing direct
salespersons and clinical specialists in Europe to support Covidien. We also have two
international sales consultants. For fiscal 2007, 18 percent of our net revenues were represented
by international sales.
We offer a no capital cost sales program in the United States whereby we ship the INVOS System
monitor to the customer at no charge. It has been our experience that many hospitals in the United
States prefer to use this method to acquire INVOS System monitors.
We did not have any backlog of firm orders as of January 10, 2008 or as of January 10, 2007.
We generally do not have a backlog of firm orders because we generally ship product upon receipt of
a customer order.
For a description of sales to major customers, see Note 9 of Notes to Financial Statements
included in Item 8 of this report. Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, was our largest customer in
fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005. We are dependent on our sales to Covidien and Edwards Lifesciences,
and the loss of either of them as a customer would have an adverse effect on our business,
financial condition and results of operations in the near-term, until such time as they could be
replaced as our distributor in the respective market.
Our international sales were $7,024,902 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007,
$5,424,536 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006 and $3,303,692 for the fiscal year ended
November 30, 2005, including approximately $5,043,000 in fiscal 2007, $4,211,000 in fiscal 2006 and
$2,202,000 in fiscal 2005 to Covidien, our distributor in Europe, the Middle East, South Africa and
Canada, and approximately $1,431,000 in fiscal 2007, $910,000 in fiscal 2006 and $707,000 in fiscal
2005 to Edwards Lifesciences Ltd., our distributor in Japan. See Note 9 of Notes to Financial
Statements. For a description of the breakdown of sales between INVOS System monitors, SomaSensors
and CorRestore Systems, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations — Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this report.
We sell the CorRestore System through our 55 direct salespersons and four independent sales
representative firms in the United States as of February 1, 2008. In September 2004, the European
Economic Community changed its regulations, limiting approval authority for animal tissue implant
products sold in Europe to some independent registration agencies that do not include our
registrar.
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Research and Development
Our research and development activities are conducted internally by a staff consisting of nine
employees. We have developed a smaller SomaSensor for use with infants and are making other
advances to the design and performance features of the INVOS System, including the SomaSensor. We
are also working to interface our INVOS System with multi-functional monitors provided by other
manufacturers. Our research, development and engineering expenditures were $668,815 during fiscal
2007, $1,582,521 during fiscal 2006 and $525,679 during fiscal 2005. We expect our research,
development and engineering expenses to increase in fiscal 2008 primarily as a result of
development costs associated with our smaller SomaSensor, development costs associated with
advances to the design and performance features of the INVOS System, including the disposable
SomaSensor, and the hiring of additional research and development
personnel.
NeuroPhysics Corporation
We entered into a Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement with NeuroPhysics
Corporation as of September 18, 2006. The agreement provides us with feasibility research,
contract development and consulting services and certain ownership and licensing rights, subject to
the rights of the United States Federal government, to intellectual property and technical
knowledge associated with several novel near-infrared spectroscopy, or “NIRS”, and imaging
technologies and products under development at NeuroPhysics. We paid an initial license fee of
$1,000,000 and have agreed to pay monthly license fees of up to $30,000 a month (depending on which
projects are continuing under development at NeuroPhysics at the time) for products continuing
under development at NeuroPhysics beginning April 1, 2008 and a royalty on future sales of the new
products.
NeuroPhysics is in the early stage of feasibility research and development of several
NIRS-based technologies and products, including a novel approach to depth resolved NIRS
measurements. In addition to this NIRS-based, depth-resolved technology, products under
development at NeuroPhysics include (1) a fetal cerebral oximetry system, (2) a monitor for
measuring oxygen saturation in deep tissues for assessing hemorrhagic shock, (3) devices to assess
tumors or swelling containing blood, including in the brain of head trauma victims and neonates
with intra-ventricular hemorrhage, (4) a continuous and non-invasive blood gas monitor, and (5) a
new imaging concept intended to improve resolution and expand the applicability of endoscopes. We
may terminate any or all of the projects under this agreement at any time. We might not be able to
develop these technologies or products into commercially viable products, and competitors might
develop and market similar products before we do.
Manufacturing
We assemble the INVOS System in our facilities in Troy, Michigan, from components purchased
from outside suppliers. We assemble the INVOS System to control its quality and costs and to
permit us to make changes to the INVOS System faster than we could if third parties assembled it.
Although we believe that most components are generally available from several potential suppliers,
we depend on one supplier for one of our components. We are not aware of any validated alternative
supplier for this component, although we are currently in the process of evaluating a second source
of supply and are carrying approximately a six-month supply of this component. Moreover, we
typically use one supplier for custom-designed components, including the unit enclosure, the
printed circuit boards, other mechanical components and the SomaSensor. We are currently dependent
on one manufacturer of the SomaSensor and another component of the INVOS System, and we believe
that it would require approximately four to five months to change SomaSensor suppliers. We do not
currently intend to manufacture on a commercial scale the disposable SomaSensor or the components
of the INVOS System.
We received ISO 13485 certification and met the requirements under the European Medical Device
Directive to use the CE Mark, thereby allowing us to continue to market our INVOS System and
SomaSensor in the European Economic Community. Our most recent ISO 13485 compliance surveillance
audit occurred in October 2007.
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Competition
We believe that the markets for cerebral and somatic oximetry products may become highly
competitive. In the United States, we believe there is currently only one other company with FDA
clearance to sell a cerebral oximeter. In December 2005, one U.S. competitor announced that it
received 510(k) clearance to market a cerebral oximeter, and they began sales of their product
during 2007. Outside the United States, several Japanese manufacturers offer competitive products
for sale in that country and primarily for research in other parts of the world, but, to our
knowledge, none has pursued FDA clearance to market its product in the United States. We are aware
that several companies and individuals are engaged in the research and development of non-invasive
cerebral oximeters, and we believe that there are several other potential entrants into the market.
Other companies have FDA clearance to market somatic oximeters in the United States. Competition
might cause our sales cycle to lengthen to the extent that customers take longer to make purchasing
decisions. Competition might also reduce our gross margins and market share and prevent us from
achieving further market penetration. Competitors might be more successful than we are in
obtaining FDA clearance with broader claims in their labeling or more successful than we are in
manufacturing and marketing their products and may be able to take advantage of the significant
time and effort we have invested to gain medical acceptance of cerebral oximetry.
We also compete with numerous medical equipment companies for the portions of hospital budgets
allocated to capital equipment and for the limited amount of space on a patient’s forehead for
sensors. The medical products industry is characterized by extensive research and development and
intense competition in an increasingly cost-conscious environment. Some of these potential
competitors have well-established reputations, customer relationships and marketing, distribution
and service networks. Some of them have substantially longer histories in the medical products
industry, larger product lines and greater financial, technical, manufacturing, research and
development and management resources than we do. Many of these potential competitors have
long-term product supply relationships with our potential customers. These potential competitors
might be able to use their resources, reputations and ability to leverage existing customer
relationships to give them a competitive advantage over us, including in securing forehead sensor
space for their products and dollars from hospital capital equipment budgets to purchase their
products. They might also succeed in developing products that are at least as reliable and
effective as our products, that make additional measurements, that are less costly than our
products or that provide alternatives to our products. Competitors might be more successful than
we are in manufacturing and marketing their products and may be able to take advantage of the
significant time and effort we have invested to gain medical acceptance of cerebral oximetry.
The CorRestore System competes against existing patches, which are significantly less
expensive and at least one study indicates that they are effective. We also compete against
alternative methods of treating congestive heart failure. SVR is in the early stages of its
development and will likely require significant clinical studies before it is widely accepted.
We believe that a manufacturer’s reputation for producing accurate, reliable, effective,
sterile, patented and technically advanced products, clinical literature associated with leaders in
the field, references from users, features (speed, safety, ease of use, patient and surgeon
convenience and range of applicability), product effectiveness and price are the principal
competitive factors in the medical products industry.
Proprietary Rights Information
We have 11 United States patents and two patents in various foreign countries. These patents
expire on various dates from March 2009 to October 2019. We currently have five patent
applications pending in the United States, including one reissuance application, and have patent
applications in various foreign countries with respect to aspects of our technology relating to the
interaction of light with tissue.
In September 2003, we were issued a new patent by the United States Patent and Trademark
Office covering, among other things, the application of non-invasive, near-infrared spectroscopy to
measure continuously and substantially concurrently a blood metabolite (such as oxygen saturation)
in at least two separate internal regions of the brain. This patent is now the subject of a
reissue proceeding in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We requested the reissuance
of this patent because we believe that we are entitled to broader claims than those that were
originally issued. However, the outcome of the reissue proceeding cannot be predicted,
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and the claims which ultimately issue may be broader in scope than the original claims, they
may be narrower in scope than the original claims, they may be the same in scope as the original
claims or they may be rejected. The corresponding Australian patent for “Multi-Channel,
Noninvasive, Tissue Oximeter” issued in December 2003, will expire in October 2019. This patent is
pending in other markets outside the United States. We believe the inventions covered in this
patent are important to providing a clinically viable cerebral oximeter.
Our other patents cover methods and apparatuses for introducing light into a body part and
receiving, measuring and analyzing the transmitted light and its interaction with tissue. These
methods also involve receiving, measuring and analyzing the light transmissivity of various body
parts of a single subject, as well as of body parts of different subjects, which provides a
standard against which a single subject can be compared.
Many other patents have previously been issued to third parties involving optical spectroscopy
and the interaction of light with tissue, some of which relate to the use of optical spectroscopy
in the area of brain metabolism monitoring, the primary use of the INVOS System. We are not aware
of any infringement of the claims of any issued patents by our products or by their methods of
use, and no charge of patent infringement has been asserted against us.
In addition to our patent rights, we have obtained United States Trademark registrations for
our trademarks “SOMANETICS,” “INVOS,” “SOMASENSOR,” “WINDOW TO THE BRAIN,” “REFLECTING THE COLOR OF
LIFE” and “ENLIGHTENING MEDICINE.” United States Trademark applications for “NIRSensor,” “AUC,”
“AREA UNDER THE CURVE” and “OXYALERT” are pending. We have also obtained registrations of our
basic mark, “SOMANETICS,” in eleven foreign countries, and have other marks registered or pending
in other foreign countries.
We also rely on trade secret, copyright and other laws and on confidentiality agreements to
protect our technology, but we believe that neither our patents nor our other legal rights will
necessarily prevent third parties from developing or using a similar or a related technology to
compete against our products. Moreover, our technology primarily represents improvements or
adaptations of known optical spectroscopy technology, which might be duplicated or discovered
through our patents, reverse engineering or both.
The inventors of the CorRestore System and their company filed for a patent with respect to
their patch, which was issued in the United States in February 2000 and expires in May 2018. The
claims allowed relate primarily to the product design of a soft suture ring integrated with a
patch. Subsequently seven other United States patents and two international patents have been
issued to the inventors, also relating primarily to the product design of a soft suture ring
integrated with a patch. Six of those issued patents also expire in May 2018, one expires in July
2018, one expires in November 2018, and one expires in April 2019. In addition, other United
States and foreign patent applications are pending. We have also obtained United States Trademark
registration for the trademark “CorRestore.”
Government Regulation
Our products are medical devices subject to extensive regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration, or FDA, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA. FDA regulations
govern, among other things, the following activities that we will perform:
| • | product development; | ||
| • | product testing; | ||
| • | product manufacturing; | ||
| • | product labeling; | ||
| • | product storage; | ||
| • | premarket clearance or approval; | ||
| • | advertising and promotion; | ||
| • | product sales and distribution; and | ||
| • | product event reports and complaint handling. |
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Medical devices to be commercially distributed in the U.S. must receive either 510(k)
clearance or a Pre Market Approval, or “PMA”, prior to marketing from the FDA pursuant to the FDCA.
Devices deemed to pose relatively less risk are placed in either class I or II, which requires the
manufacturer to submit a premarket notification requesting permission for commercial distribution;
this is known as 510(k) clearance. Some low risk devices are exempted from this requirement.
Devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or
implantable devices, or devices deemed not substantially equivalent to a previously 510(k) cleared
device or a preamendment class III device for which PMA applications have not been called, are
placed in class III requiring PMA approval.
510(k) Clearance Pathway. To obtain 510(k) clearance, a manufacturer must submit a premarket
notification demonstrating that the proposed device is substantially equivalent in intended use and
in safety and effectiveness to a previously 510(k) cleared device or a device that was in
commercial distribution before May 28, 1976 for which the FDA has not called for submission of PMA
applications. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance pathway usually takes from three to six months, but it
can last longer.
After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its
safety or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a
new 510(k) clearance or could require a PMA approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make
this determination in the first instance, but the FDA can review any such decision. If the FDA
disagrees with a manufacturer’s decision not to seek a new 510(k) clearance, the agency may
retroactively require the manufacturer to seek 510(k) clearance or PMA approval. The FDA also can
require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k)
clearance or PMA approval is obtained, to redesign the device or to submit new data or information
to the FDA.
PMA Approval Pathway. A product not eligible for 510(k) clearance must follow the PMA
approval pathway, which requires proof of the safety and effectiveness of the device to the FDA’s
satisfaction. The PMA approval pathway is much more costly, lengthy and uncertain. It generally
takes from one to three years or even longer. A PMA application must provide extensive preclinical
and clinical trial data and also information about the device and its components regarding, among
other things, device design, manufacturing and labeling. As part of the PMA review, the FDA will
typically inspect the manufacturer’s facilities for compliance with Quality System Regulation, or
QSR, requirements, which impose elaborate testing, control, documentation and other quality
assurance procedures. The PMA can include postapproval conditions that the FDA believes necessary
to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device including, among other things, restrictions on
labeling, promotion, sale and distribution. Failure to comply with the conditions of approval can
result in material adverse enforcement action, including the loss or withdrawal of the approval.
Even after approval of a PMA, a new PMA or PMA supplement is required in the event of certain
modifications to the device, its labeling or its manufacturing process. Supplements to a PMA often
require the submission of the same type of information required for an original PMA, except that
the supplement is generally limited to that information needed to support the proposed change from
the product covered by the original PMA.
Clinical Trials. A clinical trial is almost always required to support a PMA application and
is sometimes required for a premarket notification. All clinical studies of investigational
devices must be conducted in compliance with FDA’s requirements. If an investigational device
could pose a significant risk to patients (as defined in the regulations), the FDA must approve an
Investigational Device Exemption, or IDE, application prior to initiation of investigational use.
An IDE application must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory test
results, showing that it is safe to test the device in humans and that the testing protocol is
scientifically sound. FDA typically grants IDE approval for a specified number of patients to be
treated at specified study centers. A nonsignificant risk device does not require FDA approval of
an IDE. Both significant risk and nonsignificant risk investigational devices require approval
from institutional review boards, or IRBs, at the study centers where the device will be used or
from private IRBs.
During the study, the sponsor must comply with the FDA’s IDE requirements for investigator
selection, trial monitoring, reporting, and record keeping. The investigators must obtain patient
informed consent, rigorously follow the investigational plan and study protocol, control the
disposition of investigational devices, and comply with all reporting and record keeping
requirements. Most IDE requirements apply to all investigational devices, whether considered
significant or nonsignificant risk. Prior to granting PMA approval, the FDA typically inspects
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the records relating to the conduct of the study and the clinical data supporting the PMA
application for compliance with IDE requirements.
Postmarket. After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply.
These include: the QSR, labeling regulations, the FDA’s general prohibition against promoting
products for unapproved or “off-label” uses, the Medical Device Reporting regulation (which
requires that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a
death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death
or serious injury if it were to recur), and the Reports of Corrections and Removals regulation
(which requires manufacturers to report recalls and field actions to the FDA if initiated to reduce
a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the FDCA).
FDA enforces these requirements by inspection and market surveillance. If the FDA finds a
violation, it can institute a wide variety of enforcement actions, ranging from a public warning
letter to more severe sanctions such as:
| • | fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; | ||
| • | repair, replacement, refunds, recall or seizure of products; | ||
| • | limitations on exports; | ||
| • | operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; | ||
| • | refusing or delaying our requests for 510(k) clearance or PMA approval of new products or new intended uses; | ||
| • | withdrawing 510(k) clearance or PMA approvals already granted; and | ||
| • | criminal prosecution. |
In October 1997, we obtained FDA clearance for an earlier generation INVOS System
incorporating advances in our INVOS technology. In September 2000, we received 510(k) clearance
from the FDA to market the model 5100 INVOS System in the United States. Unlike earlier models,
the model 5100 INVOS System has the added capability of being able to monitor pediatric patients.
In November 2005, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market our INVOS System to monitor
changes in somatic tissue blood oxygen saturation in regions of the body other than the brain in
patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow. In November 2001, we received clearance from
the FDA to market the CorRestore Patch in the United States. Our most recent FDA QSR inspection
occurred in May 2007.
If any of our current or future FDA clearances or approvals are rescinded or denied, sales of
our applicable products in the United States would be prohibited during the period we do not have
such clearances or approvals. In such cases we would consider shipping the product internationally
and/or assembling it overseas if permissible and if we determine such product to be ready for
commercial shipment. The FDA’s current policy is that a medical device that is not in commercial
distribution in the United States, but which needs 510(k) clearance to be commercially distributed
in the United States, can be exported without submitting an export request and prior FDA clearance
under certain conditions.
Congress has enacted the Medical Device User Fee Modernization Act of 2007. Among other
things, this law has provisions which permit the assessment of user fees for product approvals and
clearances. Given the recent enactment of this law, the effect of the law as it relates to us and
our products is still unknown, other than that we will have to pay the FDA to review our 510(k)
submissions. We do not currently have any 510(k) submissions pending.
We are also subject to numerous federal, state and local laws relating to such matters as safe
working conditions, manufacturing practices, environmental protection, fire hazard control and
disposal of hazardous or potentially hazardous substances.
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Seasonality
Our business is seasonal. Our fourth quarter has typically been our strongest quarter due to
a larger number of patients undergoing procedures using the INVOS System, including SomaSensors,
and higher INVOS System monitor revenues associated with hospital budgeting cycles.
Employees
As of February 1, 2008, we had 100 full-time employees, including 62 in sales and marketing,
nine in research and development, 11 in general and administration and 18 in manufacturing, quality
and service. We also employed one part-time individual in general and administration. In
addition, we use three contract employees, and we use two consultants. We believe that our future
success is dependent, in large part, on our ability to attract and retain highly qualified
managerial, sales, marketing and technical personnel. We expect to add additional sales and
marketing and research and development employees in fiscal 2008. Our employees are not represented
by a union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. We believe that our relations with our
employees are good.
Insurance
Because the INVOS System and the CorRestore System are intended to be used in hospital
critical care units with patients who may be seriously ill or may be undergoing dangerous
procedures, we might be exposed to serious potential product liability claims. We have obtained
product liability insurance with a liability limit of $5,000,000. We also maintain coverage for
property damage or loss, general liability, business interruption, travel-accident, directors’ and
officers’ liability and workers’ compensation. We do not maintain key-man life insurance.
Where You Can Get Information We File With The SEC
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the
Securities and Exchange Commission. You can read and copy any materials we file with the
Securities and Exchange Commission at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Public Reference
Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation
of the Public Reference Room by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The Securities and Exchange Commission also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy
and information statements and other information regarding issuers, such as us, that file
electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The address of the Securities and
Exchange Commission’s website is http://www.sec.gov.
We also maintain a website at http://www.somanetics.com. We make available free of charge on
or through our website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current
reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or
15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such
material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. We will voluntarily
provide electronic or paper copies of our filings free of charge upon request.
This report includes statistical data that were obtained from industry publications. These
industry publications generally indicate that the authors of these publications have obtained
information from sources believed to be reliable but do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness
of their information. While we believe these industry publications to be reliable, we have not
independently verified their data.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully
consider the specific factors described below, together with the cautionary statement under the
caption “Forward — Looking Statements” below and in Item 7 of this report and the other information
included in this report, before purchasing our common shares. The risks described below are not
the only ones that we face. Additional risks that are not yet known to us or that we currently
think are immaterial could also impair our business, financial condition or results of operations.
If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of
operations could be adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common shares could
decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Risks Relating to Our Business
Our future growth depends on increased market acceptance of our INVOS System in existing market
segments and market acceptance in new market segments.
Since sales of the INVOS System, including SomaSensors, currently account for substantially
all of our revenues, our future growth will depend on the degree to which our INVOS System is
accepted by hospitals and clinicians in our existing market segments and in new market segments,
such as the neonatal ICU, major surgeries involving diabetic and elderly patients and other
applications. There are numerous factors that could adversely impact market acceptance of our
INVOS System.
Part of our marketing strategy is to encourage and support clinical research programs. We
depend on favorable peer-reviewed publication and successful clinical use of our products for our
success. The INVOS System has not had extensive clinical use in the new market segments. We
cannot assure you that additional research papers will be published or that any such papers will
conclude that the INVOS System provides information that is clinically important. In addition,
researchers might publish results that do not support the clinical importance of the information
provided by the INVOS System or that conclude that another product provides better or more
important information. Performance problems or adverse research results could prevent acceptance
of the product in existing and new market segments, adversely affect our reputation in the medical
community, result in unexpected expense and adversely affect future sales.
In addition, we compete with numerous medical equipment companies for the portions of hospital
budgets allocated to capital equipment and for the limited amount of space on a patient’s forehead
for sensors. Sales of our INVOS System might be limited or delayed because of resistance to major
capital equipment expenditures by hospital purchasing committees. Even if we are successful in
convincing physicians, other medical professionals and hospital purchasing committees that the
INVOS System provides valuable benefits, they might be unwilling or unable to commit funds to the
purchase of the INVOS System due to budgetary constraints. Moreover, even if one or two units are
sold to a hospital, we believe that it will take additional time and experience with the INVOS
System before additional medical professionals in the hospital might be interested in using the
INVOS System in other procedures or other areas of the hospital.
Sales of all of our products might be limited because hospitals might fear that the cost of a
new device or product will lower their profits because medical insurers generally fix reimbursement
amounts for the procedures in which our products might be used. Moreover, medical professionals
may be reluctant to use our INVOS System in some new market segments, particularly those involving
diagnostic applications, unless they receive reimbursement from medical insurers for using the
system. Our INVOS System is not currently cleared by the FDA for use in the diagnosis of disease
states. Additionally, the INVOS System is not currently approved for separate reimbursement, and
we might not be able to obtain reimbursement for these uses of our INVOS System.
If the INVOS System fails to achieve market acceptance in existing or new market segments or
if these market segments fail to develop as rapidly as expected, our business, financial condition
and results of operations could be adversely affected and our plan to increase our investments in
our direct sales team, additional clinical trials and our research and development team might not
produce favorable results.
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We are dependent on our distributors and our independent sales representative firms for a
substantial portion of our sales, and their failure to sell our products adequately would
adversely affect our business.
We are dependent on our distributors to generate all of our international sales, and on our
independent sales representative firms for a substantial portion of our sales in the United States.
Independent distributors or independent sales representative firms might fail to commit the
necessary resources to market and sell our products to the level of our expectations, especially as
significant customer education and long lead times are typically required to market and sell our
products successfully. If our distributors or independent sales representative firms fail to
market, promote and sell our products adequately, our business, financial condition and results of
operations would be adversely affected. We might not be able to engage additional distributors on
a timely basis, enter into other third-party marketing arrangements or retain or replace our
existing distributors, when required. If we are unable to engage, replace or retain distributors,
our ability to market and sell our products internationally could be adversely affected. In
addition, if any of our distributor or independent sales representative firm arrangements are
terminated or discontinued, we will likely be faced with increased costs as we attempt to replace
these arrangements, and the terminated distributors or firms might begin to sell a competitor’s
product. Even if we are able to engage new distributors or retain existing ones, they might incur
conflicting obligations to sell other companies’ products or they might distribute other products
that provide greater revenues to them than are provided by our products.
Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, our international distributor in Europe, the Middle East,
South Africa and Canada for our INVOS System, accounted for 13 percent, 15 percent and 11 percent
of our net revenues for fiscal years 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Edwards Lifesciences Ltd.,
formerly Baxter Limited, is our international distributor in Japan for our INVOS System. The loss
of either of these distributors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
We currently depend on single-source suppliers for key components of the INVOS System, and the
loss of any of these suppliers could harm our ability to manufacture and sell our products,
increase the cost of our components or delay our clinical trials.
We are dependent on various suppliers for manufacturing the components for our INVOS System.
Although we believe that most components are generally available from several potential suppliers,
we depend on one supplier for one of our components. We are not aware of any validated alternative
supplier for this component, although we are currently in the process of evaluating a second source
of supply. Moreover, we typically use one supplier for custom-designed components, including the
unit enclosure, the printed circuit boards, other mechanical components and the SomaSensor.
SomaSensors represented approximately 73 percent of our net revenues in fiscal 2007. Engaging
additional or replacing existing suppliers of custom-designed components is costly and time
consuming. We estimate that it would require approximately four to five months to change
SomaSensor suppliers. We do not intend to maintain significant inventories of components, other
than an approximate six-month supply of the one component for which we currently have no
alternative supplier. If we fail to obtain custom-designed components from our sole suppliers, if
we lose any of our present suppliers and cannot replace them on a timely basis when necessary, if
there is an interruption of production at one or more of our suppliers, or if any supplier is
otherwise unable or unwilling to meet our requirements at current prices or at all, our ability to
manufacture and sell our products would be impaired or we might have to pay higher prices for our
components or our clinical trials could be delayed. In addition, because we do not have long-term
agreements with our suppliers, we might be subject to unexpected price increases which might
adversely affect our profit margins.
In addition, we do not have direct control over the activities of our suppliers and are
dependent on them for quality control, capacity, processing technologies and, in required cases,
compliance with FDA Quality System Regulation requirements. If we are unsuccessful in managing our
suppliers, our business could be adversely affected.
We may become subject to competition which may adversely affect us.
We believe that the markets for cerebral and somatic oximetry products may become highly
competitive. In the United States, we believe there is currently only one other company with FDA
clearance to sell a cerebral oximeter. In December 2005, one U.S. competitor announced that it
received 510(k) clearance to market a cerebral oximeter, and they began sales of their product
during 2007. Outside the United States, several Japanese
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manufacturers offer competitive products for sale in that country and primarily for research
in other parts of the world, but, to our knowledge, as of yet, none has pursued FDA clearance to
market its product in the United States. We are aware that several companies and individuals are
engaged in the research and development of non-invasive cerebral oximeters, and we believe that
there are several other potential entrants into the market. Other companies have FDA clearance to
market somatic oximeters in the United States. Competition might cause our sales cycle to lengthen
to the extent that customers take longer to make purchasing decisions. Competition might also
reduce our gross margins and market share and prevent us from achieving further market penetration.
Competitors might be more successful than we are in obtaining FDA clearance with broader claims in
their labeling or more successful than we are in manufacturing and marketing their products and may
be able to take advantage of the significant time and effort we have invested to gain medical
acceptance of cerebral oximetry.
We also compete with companies that have longer operating histories, more established products
and greater resources than we do for, among other things, forehead monitoring space, limited
hospital capital budgets and alternative products.
The medical products industry is characterized by extensive research and development and
intense competition in an increasingly cost-conscious environment. Some of these potential
competitors have well-established reputations, customer relationships and marketing, distribution
and service networks. Some of them have substantially longer histories in the medical products
industry, larger product lines and greater financial, technical, manufacturing, research and
development and management resources than we do. Many of these potential competitors have
long-term product supply relationships with our potential customers. These potential competitors
might be able to use their resources, reputations and ability to leverage existing customer
relationships to give them a competitive advantage over us, including in securing forehead sensor
space for their products and dollars from hospital capital equipment budgets to purchase their
products. They might also succeed in developing products that are at least as reliable and
effective as our products, that make additional measurements, that are less costly than our
products or that provide alternatives to our products.
If we fail to manage our growth effectively, our business and operating results could be harmed.
If we experience growth in our business, our growth could place a significant strain on our
management, customer service, operations, sales and administrative personnel and other resources.
To serve the needs of our existing and future customers, we will be required to train, motivate and
manage qualified employees. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs to
retain qualified management, sales and marketing, engineering, production, manufacturing and
administrative personnel, as well as expenses for marketing and promotional activities. Our
ability to manage our planned growth depends upon our success in expanding our operating,
management and information and financial systems, which might significantly increase our operating
expenses.
We have invested substantial resources to develop the INVOS System. We expect to continue to
invest resources to develop a smaller SomaSensor for use with infants and other advances to the
design and performance features of the INVOS System, including the disposable SomaSensor. New
products require extensive testing and regulatory clearance before they can be marketed, and
substantial customer education concerning the product’s use, advantages and effectiveness. We
might not be able to develop commercially viable products. We might not be able to manage
effectively our future growth, and if we fail to do so, our business, financial condition and
results of operations would be adversely affected.
Patients might assert product liability claims against us.
Because we test, market and sell a patient monitoring device and a heart patch, patients might
assert product liability claims against us. The INVOS System is used in operating rooms and other
critical care hospital units with patients who might be seriously ill or might be undergoing
dangerous procedures. The CorRestore Patch is used on seriously ill patients undergoing a
dangerous procedure. On occasion, patients on whom the INVOS System is being used, or in whom a
CorRestore Patch is implanted, may be injured or die as a result of their medical treatment or
condition. We might be sued because of such injury or death, and regardless of whether we are
ultimately determined to be liable or our products are determined to be defective and a
contributing factor in such injury or death, we might incur significant legal expenses not covered
by insurance. In addition, product liability
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litigation could damage our reputation and impair our ability to market our products,
regardless of the outcome. Litigation could also impair our ability to retain product liability
insurance or make our insurance more expensive. We have product liability insurance with a
liability limit of $5,000,000. This insurance is costly and even though it has been obtained, we
might not be able to retain it. Even if we are able to retain this insurance, it might not be
sufficient to protect us in the event of a major defect in the INVOS System or the CorRestore
Patch. If we are subject to an uninsured or inadequately insured product liability claim based on
the performance of the INVOS System or the CorRestore Patch, our business, financial condition and
results of operations could be adversely affected.
If we fail to obtain and maintain necessary U.S. Food and Drug Administration clearances for our
products and indications or if clearances for future products and indications are delayed or not
issued, our business would be harmed.
Our products are classified as medical devices and are subject to extensive regulation in the
United States by the FDA and other federal, state and local authorities. These regulations relate
to manufacturing, labeling, sale, promotion, distribution, importing and exporting and shipping of
our products. In the United States, before we can market a new medical device, or a new use of, or
claim for, an existing product such as the INVOS System, we must first receive either 510(k)
clearance or premarket approval from the FDA, unless an exemption applies. Both of these processes
can be expensive and lengthy. The FDA’s 510(k) clearance process usually takes from three to six
months, but it can last longer. The process of obtaining premarket approval is much more costly and
uncertain than the 510(k) clearance process. It generally takes from one to three years, or even
longer, from the time the premarket approval application is submitted to the FDA until an approval
is obtained.
In order to obtain premarket approval and, in some cases, a 510(k) clearance, a product
sponsor must conduct well-controlled clinical trials designed to test the safety and effectiveness
of the product. Conducting clinical trials generally entails a long, expensive and uncertain
process that is subject to delays and failure at any stage. The data obtained from clinical trials
may be inadequate to support approval or clearance of a submission. In addition, the occurrence of
unexpected findings in connection with clinical trials may prevent or delay obtaining approval or
clearance. If we conduct clinical trials, they may be delayed or halted, or be inadequate to
support approval or clearance.
Medical devices may be marketed only for the indications for which they are approved or
cleared. The FDA may fail to approve or clear indications that are necessary or desirable for
successful commercialization. Indeed, the FDA may refuse our requests for 510(k) clearance or
premarket approval of new products, or new intended uses or modifications to existing products. Our
clearances can be revoked if safety or effectiveness problems develop.
The FDA might require us to obtain a new clearance to label or promote the INVOS System for
specific patient subgroups, such as diabetics; if we fail to obtain such clearances, our sales
and revenues may be adversely affected.
Our INVOS System 510(k) clearance states that the prospective clinical value of the INVOS
System has not been demonstrated in patients with specific disease states. If we wish to label or
promote more actively the INVOS System for specific types of patients, such as diabetics, the FDA
may require us to obtain a new 510(k) clearance and would likely carefully scrutinize the data
support for any such claim. We cannot assure you that the FDA would grant additional 510(k)
clearances in a timely fashion, or at all, or that the FDA would not require us to undertake the
more burdensome premarket approval process as a prerequisite for marketing the INVOS System with
this type of specific claim. Any of the above could delay our ability to market and sell new
products or to promote the INVOS System for specific patient subgroups such as diabetics and would
thereby have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
After clearance or approval of our products, we are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA,
and if we fail to comply with FDA regulations, our business could suffer.
Even after clearance or approval of a product, we are subject to continuing regulation by the
FDA, including the requirements that our facility be registered and our devices listed with the
agency. We are subject to
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Medical Device Reporting regulations, which require us to report to the FDA if our products
may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunction in a way that would
likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if the malfunction were to recur. We must
report corrections and removals to the FDA where the correction or removal was initiated to reduce
a risk to health posed by the device or to remedy a violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and
Cosmetic Act caused by the device that may present a risk to health, and maintain records of other
corrections or removals. The FDA closely regulates promotion and advertising, and our promotional
and advertising activities could come under scrutiny. If the FDA objects to our promotional and
advertising activities or finds that we failed to submit reports under the Medical Device Reporting
regulations, for example, the FDA may allege our activities resulted in violations of law.
The FDA and state authorities have broad enforcement powers. Our failure to comply with
applicable regulatory requirements could result in enforcement action by the FDA or state agencies,
which may include any of the following sanctions:
| • | untitled letters, warning letters, fines, injunctions, consent decrees and civil penalties; | ||
| • | repair, replacement, refunds, recall or seizure of our products; | ||
| • | limitations on exports; | ||
| • | operating restrictions or partial suspension or total shutdown of production; | ||
| • | refusing or delaying our requests for 510(k) clearance or premarket approval of new products or new intended uses; | ||
| • | withdrawing 510(k) clearance or premarket approvals that have already been granted; and | ||
| • | criminal prosecution. |
If any of these events were to occur, they could harm our business.
We have modified some of our products without FDA clearance. The FDA could retroactively
determine that the modifications were improper and require us to stop marketing and recall the
modified products.
Any modifications to one of our FDA-cleared devices that could significantly affect its safety
or effectiveness, or that would constitute a major change in its intended use, requires a new
510(k) clearance or a premarket approval. We may be required to submit extensive pre-clinical and
clinical data depending on the nature of the changes. We may not be able to obtain additional
510(k) clearances or premarket approvals for modifications to, or additional indications for, our
existing products in a timely fashion, or at all. Delays in obtaining future clearances or
approvals would adversely affect our ability to introduce new or enhanced products in a timely
manner, which in turn would harm our revenue and operating results. We have made modifications to
our devices in the past, such as changes to the SomaSensor, and may make additional modifications
in the future that we believe do not or will not require additional clearances or approvals. We
believe that these changes do not require the submission of a new 510(k) notice. If the FDA
disagrees, and requires new clearances or approvals for the modifications, we may be required to
recall and to stop marketing the modified devices, to redesign our products or submit new data or
information to the FDA. This could harm our operating results.
If we fail to comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, our manufacturing operations
could be halted, and our business would suffer.
We are currently required to demonstrate and maintain compliance with the FDA’s Quality System
Regulation, or QSR. The QSR is a complex regulatory scheme that covers the methods and
documentation of the design, testing, control, manufacturing, labeling, quality assurance,
packaging, storage and shipping of our products. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic
inspections, which may be unannounced. We have been, and anticipate in the future being, subject to
such inspections. Our failure to comply with the QSR or to take satisfactory corrective action in
response to an adverse QSR inspection could result in enforcement actions, including a public
warning letter, a shutdown of or restrictions on our manufacturing operations, delays in approving
or clearing a product, refusal to permit the import or export of our products, a recall or seizure
of our products, fines, injunctions, civil or criminal penalties, or other sanctions, any of which
could cause our business and operating results to suffer.
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Failure to obtain or maintain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would prevent us from
marketing our products abroad.
We market our products through distributors in foreign markets. In order to market our
products in the European Community and many other foreign jurisdictions, we must obtain separate
regulatory approvals. We depend on our distributors to obtain and maintain certain of these
regulatory approvals. The approval procedure varies among countries and can involve additional
requirements and testing, and the time required to obtain approval may differ from that required to
obtain FDA clearance. The foreign regulatory approval process may include all of the risks
associated with obtaining FDA clearance in addition to other risks. Our distributors might not be
able to obtain or maintain foreign approvals on a timely basis or at all. Clearance by the FDA
does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries, and approval by one foreign
regulatory authority does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other foreign countries
or approval or clearance by the FDA. Failure to obtain or maintain regulatory approval in foreign
jurisdictions would prevent us from marketing our products abroad.
Federal regulatory reforms may adversely affect our ability to sell our products profitably.
From time to time, legislation is drafted and introduced in Congress that could significantly
change the statutory provisions governing clearance or approval, manufacture and marketing of a
device. In addition, FDA regulations and guidance are often revised or reinterpreted by the agency
in ways that may significantly affect our business and our products. We cannot predict whether
legislative changes will be enacted or FDA regulations, guidance or interpretations changed, and
what the impact of such changes, if any, may be.
Changes in our actual or estimated future taxable income could change the value of our deferred
tax asset, potentially resulting in a decrease in net income, which could adversely affect the
price of our common shares.
We have recognized deferred tax assets relating to the expected future benefits of our net
operating loss carryforwards. Our assessment of our deferred tax assets, and the reversal of our
valuation allowance relating to those assets in fiscal 2006, 2005, and 2004, included assuming that
our net revenues and pre-tax income will grow in future years consistent with the growth guidance
given for fiscal 2008 and making allowance for the uncertainties surrounding, among things, our
future rate of growth in net revenues, the rate of adoption of our products in the marketplace, and
the potential for competition to enter the marketplace. The remaining tax benefits of $6,024,000
relating to stock option exercises will not be recognized on our financial statements until they
reduce current taxes payable. The benefit, when recognized, will increase additional paid in
capital. Given the assumptions inherent in our financial plans, it is possible to calculate a
different value for our deferred tax assets by changing one or more of the variables in our
assessment. In addition, changes in our actual or estimated future taxable income could change the
value of our deferred tax asset, potentially resulting in a decrease in net income, which could
adversely affect the price of our common shares.
Stock option accounting rules are increasing our reported expenses, which could adversely affect
the price of our common shares.
Effective December 1, 2005, we became subject to stock option accounting rules that require
that compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions, including stock options, stock
appreciation rights and restricted stock, be recognized in our financial statements. Previously,
we accounted for stock-based compensation of employees using the intrinsic value method, which
resulted in no compensation expense charged against income for stock option grants to employees for
fiscal 2005. In addition, in November 2005, we accelerated the vesting of all unvested stock
options to eliminate compensation expense that we would otherwise have recognized in our results of
operations after the adoption of the new stock option accounting rules when those options would
have otherwise vested. During fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, we recorded approximately $781,000 and
$304,000 in stock compensation expense, respectively, in our financial statements in accordance
with the new stock option accounting rules. Options and restricted stock granted beginning in
fiscal 2006 and future grants of options and restricted stock will also require us to recognize
compensation expense in our income statement, increasing our reported expenses for the same
activities, which could adversely affect the price of our common shares.
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The lengthy sales cycle for the INVOS System could cause variability in our operating results.
The decision-making process for our INVOS System customers is often complex and
time-consuming. We believe the period between initial discussions with a potential customer and a
sale of even one unit is approximately six to nine months. The process can be delayed as a result
of hospital capital budgeting procedures. These delays could have an adverse effect on our
business, financial condition and results of operations and cause variability in our operating
results from quarter to quarter, which could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common
shares.
Sales employee turnover could have an adverse effect on our business and cause variability in
our operating results.
As we expand the number of our sales employees and alter our sales territories, we increase
the chance of sales employee turnover. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur
significant costs to hire and train new qualified sales employees. In addition, the process of
replacing sales employees can lengthen our sales cycle. These delays could have an adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause variability in our
operating results from quarter to quarter, which could adversely affect the price of our common
shares.
If we are unable to obtain or maintain intellectual property rights relating to our technology
and products, the commercial value of our technology and products will likely be adversely
affected and our competitive position could be harmed.
Our success and ability to compete depends in part upon our ability to obtain protection in
the United States and other countries for our products by establishing and maintaining intellectual
property rights relating to or incorporated into our technology and products. We own or license a
variety of patents and patent applications in the United States and corresponding patents and
patent applications in certain foreign jurisdictions. Pending and future patent applications owned
or licensed by us may not issue as patents or, if issued, may not issue in a form that will be
commercially advantageous to us. Even if issued, patents may be challenged, narrowed, invalidated
or circumvented, which could limit our ability to stop competitors from marketing similar products
or limit the length of term of remaining patent protection we may have for our products. In
addition, already issued patents owned or licensed by us may not be valid or enforceable. Further,
even if valid and enforceable, these already issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to
prevent others from marketing competitive products, despite our patent rights. Changes in either
patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may
diminish the value of our intellectual property or narrow the scope of our patent protection.
For example, one of our significant patents is the subject of a reissue proceeding in the U.S.
Patent and Trademark Office. Our reissue application was filed for the sole purpose of seeking to
broaden certain claims. We cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding, which may result in some
or all of the claims being maintained, broadened, narrowed or rejected. Another of our patents may
be expired for ultimately claiming priority to a patent that was filed more than 20 years ago. We
believe that this patent does not have a claim of priority that extends back for more than 20
years, and that the patent is still extant and will expire on March 29, 2009. However, there is a
risk that a court might find that the earliest effective filing date for this patent is more than
20 years ago, and rule that this patent is expired and unenforceable.
The validity of our patents depends, in part, on whether prior art references disclosed or
rendered obvious our inventions as of the filing date of our patent applications. It is possible
that all relevant prior art may not have been identified, such as U.S. and foreign patents or
published applications or published scientific literature, that could adversely affect the validity
of our issued patents or the patentability of our pending patent applications. For example, patent
applications in the United States are maintained in confidence for up to 18 months after their
filing. In some cases, however, patent applications remain confidential in the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office for the entire time prior to issuance as a U.S. patent. Patent applications filed
in countries outside the United States are also not typically published until at least 18 months
from their first filing date. Similarly, publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent
literature often lags behind actual discoveries.
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We may initiate litigation to enforce our patent rights, which may prompt our adversaries in
such litigation to challenge the validity, scope or enforceability of our patents. If a court
decides that one or more of our patents are not valid, not enforceable or of a limited scope, our
rights to stop others from using our inventions may be compromised.
The outcome of litigation to enforce our patent rights is subject to substantial
uncertainties, especially in medical device-related patent cases that may, for example, turn on the
interpretation of patent claim language by the court which may not be to our advantage, and also
the testimony of experts as to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably disagree. Our
involvement in such intellectual property litigation could result in significant expense.
We also cannot be certain that we were the first to invent the cerebral oximeter technologies
upon which our patents are based or that we were the first to file patent applications based upon
those technologies, in those foreign jurisdictions where patent rights are granted to the first to
file as opposed to the first to invent. In the event that a third party has also filed a U.S.
patent application covering our cerebral oximeter devices, the sensors used with these devices, or
a similar invention, we may have to participate in an adversarial proceeding known as an
interference, which is declared by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority of
invention in the United States. It is possible that we may be unsuccessful in the interference,
resulting in a loss of some or all of our U.S. patent claims. We may also face similar proceedings
outside the United States, including oppositions, to determine priority of invention or
patentability. Even if we are successful in these proceedings, we may incur substantial costs, and
the time and attention of our management and scientific personnel will be diverted in pursuit of
these proceedings. Moreover, the laws or enforcement procedures of some foreign jurisdictions may
not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as in the United States, and many
companies have encountered significant difficulties in protecting and defending such rights in
foreign jurisdictions. If we encounter such difficulties or if we are otherwise precluded from
effectively protecting our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions, we may incur
substantial costs and our business prospects could be substantially harmed.
We rely on trade secret and copyright protection to protect our interests in proprietary
information and know-how, and for processes for which patents are undesirable to obtain or are
difficult to obtain or enforce. We may not be able to protect our trade secrets or copyrights
adequately. For example, none of our copyrights have been registered with the U.S. Copyright
Office, which limits our ability to sue for and collect damages from third party infringers. In
addition, we rely on non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with employees, consultants and
other parties to protect, in part, trade secrets and other proprietary technology. These
agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. Moreover, others
may independently develop equivalent proprietary information, and third parties may otherwise gain
access to our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge. Any disclosure of confidential data into
the public domain or to third parties could allow our competitors to learn our trade secrets and
use the information in competition against us.
If we are found to infringe or are alleged to infringe any third party intellectual property
rights, then our business may be adversely affected.
There are numerous U.S. and foreign issued patents and pending patent applications owned by
third parties with patent claims in the field of tissue or organic matter oximetry, including
cerebral oximetry and areas that are the focus of our product development efforts. We are aware of
patents owned by third parties, to which we do not have licenses, that relate to, among other
things, optical spectroscopy and the interaction of light with tissue and optical spectroscopy in
the area of brain metabolism. For example, possible competitors own patents that are directed to
the non-invasive determination of blood oxygen saturation levels with a near infra-red
spectrophotometric sensor and to an apparatus for measuring oxygen saturation in blood using two
different wavelengths of light. There may be other patents in addition to those of which we are
aware that relate to aspects of our technology and that may materially and adversely affect our
business. Moreover, because patent applications can take many years to issue as patents, there may
be currently pending but unpublished patent applications, unknown to us, which may later result in
issued patents that pose a material risk to us.
We may pose a threat to companies that own or control patents relating to cerebral oximetry
systems or their components, or to the manufacture and use of such systems, and one or more third
parties may file a lawsuit asserting a patent infringement claim against the manufacture, use or
sale of the INVOS System based on one or
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more of these patents. We are not aware of any infringement of the claims of any issued
patents by our products, and no charge of patent infringement has been asserted against us.
However, potential competitors would have more incentive to assert infringement claims or challenge
our patents if a more significant market for the INVOS System develops.
Whether the manufacture, sale or use of the INVOS System, or whether any products under
development would, upon commercialization, infringe any patent claim will not be known with
certainty unless and until a court interprets the patent claim in the context of litigation. If an
infringement allegation is made against us, we may seek to invalidate the asserted patent claim
and/or to allege non-infringement of the asserted patent claim. In order for us to invalidate a
U.S. patent claim, we would need to rebut the presumption of validity afforded to issued patents in
the United States with clear and convincing evidence of invalidity, which is a high burden of
proof.
The outcome of infringement litigation is subject to substantial uncertainties, especially in
medical device-related patent cases that may, for example, turn on the interpretation of patent
claim language by the court which may not be to our advantage, and also the testimony of experts as
to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably disagree. Our defense of an infringement
litigation lawsuit could result in significant expense. Regardless of the outcome, infringement
litigation could significantly disrupt our marketing, development and commercialization efforts,
divert our management’s attention and quickly consume our financial resources.
In the event that we are found to infringe any valid claim in a patent held by a third party,
we may, among other things, be required to:
| • | pay damages, including up to treble damages and the other party’s attorneys’ fees, which may be substantial; | ||
| • | cease the development, manufacture, importation, use and sale of products that infringe the patent rights of others, including our INVOS System, through a court-imposed sanction called an injunction; | ||
| • | expend significant resources to redesign our technology so that it does not infringe others’ patent rights, or to develop or acquire non-infringing intellectual property, which may not be possible; | ||
| • | discontinue manufacturing or other processes incorporating infringing technology; and/or | ||
| • | obtain licenses to the infringed intellectual property, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or which may not be available at all. |
Any development or acquisition of non-infringing products or technology or licenses could
require the expenditure of substantial time and other resources and could have a materially adverse
effect on our business and financial results. If we are required to, but cannot, obtain a license
to valid patent rights held by a third party, we would likely be prevented from commercializing the
relevant product, or from further manufacture, sale or use of the relevant product. If we need to
redesign products or need to develop new methods to avoid third-party patents, we may suffer
significant regulatory delays associated with conducting additional studies or submitting
technical, manufacturing or other information related to the redesigned product and, ultimately, in
obtaining approval.
While our products are in clinical trials, and prior to commercialization, we believe our
activities in the United States related to the submission of data to the FDA fall within the scope
of the exemptions that cover activities related to developing information for submission to the FDA
and fall under general investigational use or similar laws in other countries. However, the U.S.
exemptions would not cover the manufacturing, sale or use of products which are no longer in
clinical trials, or other activities in the United States that support overseas clinical trials if
those activities are not also reasonably related to developing information for submission to the
FDA. In any event, the fact that no third party has asserted a patent infringement claim against
us to date should not be taken as an indication, or as a level of comfort, that a patent
infringement claim will not be asserted against us prior to or upon commercialization.
Some of our agreements, including our distribution and sales representative agreements require
us to indemnify the other party in certain circumstances where our products have been found to
infringe a patent or other proprietary rights of others. An indemnification claim against us may
require us to pay substantial sums to the indemnified party, including its attorneys’ fees.
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Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain key personnel.
Our future performance depends in significant part on the continued service of our senior
management, including Bruce J. Barrett, our President and Chief Executive Officer, and various
scientific, technical and manufacturing personnel. Our loss of any of these key personnel could
have an adverse effect on us. We do not maintain key-man life insurance on any of our key
personnel, and our employment agreement with Mr. Barrett currently expires April 30, 2009. In
addition, competition for qualified employees is intense, and if we are unable to attract, retain
and motivate additional, highly-skilled employees required for the expansion of our operations, our
business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected. We cannot
assure you that we will be able to retain our existing personnel or attract additional, qualified
persons when required and on acceptable terms.
Any acquisitions that we make could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.
From time to time, we evaluate potential strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses,
products or technologies, as well as consider joint ventures and other collaborative projects. We
may not be able to identify appropriate acquisition candidates or strategic partners, or
successfully negotiate, finance or integrate any businesses, products or technologies that we
acquire. We do not have any experience with acquiring companies or products, other than the
CorRestore System. Any acquisition we pursue could diminish our cash otherwise available to us for
other uses or be dilutive to our shareholders, and could divert management’s time and resources
from our core operations.
We have had limited success in marketing the CorRestore System, which could result in claims
against us.
Since we acquired rights in the CorRestore System in 2000, we have had limited success in
marketing the system. The CorRestore System competes against existing patches also used for
cardiac reconstruction and repair that are significantly less expensive and at least one study
indicates are effective. We also compete against alternative methods of treating congestive heart
failure. Surgical Ventricular Restoration, or SVR, is in the early stages of its development and
will likely require significant clinical studies before it is widely accepted. There are many
larger companies in this industry that have significantly larger research and development budgets
than ours. Competitors may be able to develop additional or better treatments for congestive heart
failure and may be able to take advantage of the significant time and effort we have invested to
gain medical acceptance of SVR surgeries.
We are dependent on a third party to manufacture the CorRestore System. If we are
unsuccessful in managing the manufacturer of the CorRestore System, our business could be adversely
affected.
We entered into a license agreement with respect to the CorRestore System in 2002. Although
we believe we have complied with our obligations under the license agreement, our limited success
in marketing the CorRestore System could result in claims against us. If we are required to pay
any significant amounts to defend or as a result of any such claims, our results of operations
would be adversely affected.
We have broad discretion to determine how to allocate our cash, cash equivalents, marketable
securities and investments and may not use them effectively.
As of November 30, 2007, we have approximately $85,804,000 of cash, cash equivalents,
marketable securities and long-term investments on hand, which provides us with flexibility in
implementing our business plans and responding to future business conditions and opportunities. We
have broad discretion to determine how to allocate our cash, cash equivalents, marketable
securities and investments. If we fail to apply these funds effectively, the failure could result
in financial losses that could have a material adverse effect on our business and cause the price
of our common shares to decline. We intend to keep sufficient cash, cash equivalents, marketable
securities and investments in cash and bank accounts to avoid becoming an inadvertent investment
company subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The remaining cash, cash
equivalents, marketable securities and investments are expected to be invested in short-term, U.S.
government or other investment grade, interest-bearing investments. These restrictions on our
investments might limit the income otherwise available from
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investing these funds, lowering our income and potentially decreasing our earnings and the
price of our common shares.
Risks Relating to Our Common Shares
Provisions of our corporate charter documents and Michigan law may delay or prevent attempts by
our shareholders to change our management and hinder efforts to acquire a controlling interest
in us.
Our board of directors has the authority, without further approval of our shareholders, to
issue preferred shares having such rights, preferences and privileges as the board may determine.
Any such issuance of preferred shares could, under some circumstances, have the effect of delaying
or preventing a change in control of us and might adversely affect the rights of holders of common
shares. In addition, we are subject to Michigan statutes regulating business combinations,
takeovers and control share acquisitions, which might also hinder or delay a change in control of
our company. Anti-takeover provisions that could be included in the preferred shares when issued
and the Michigan statutes regulating business combinations, takeovers and control share
acquisitions can depress the market price of our securities and can limit the shareholders’ ability
to receive a premium on their shares by discouraging takeover and tender offer bids, even if such
events could be viewed as beneficial by our shareholders.
Our directors serve staggered three-year terms, and directors may be removed only for cause by
a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares entitled to vote at an election of directors.
Our Restated Articles of Incorporation also set the minimum number of directors constituting the
entire board at three and the maximum at fifteen, and they require approval of holders of 90
percent of our voting shares to amend these provisions. Our bylaws contain procedures, including
notice requirements, for nominating persons for election to our board of directors. These
provisions could have an anti-takeover effect by making it more difficult to acquire our company by
means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise or by removing incumbent officers and
directors. These provisions could delay, deter or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt that
a shareholder might consider in his or her best interests, including those attempts that might
result in a premium over the market price for the common shares held by our shareholders.
The market price of our common shares has been volatile and may continue to remain so.
The market price of our common shares has been volatile. The following could cause the market
price of the common shares to continue to fluctuate substantially:
| • | changes in our quarterly financial condition or operating results; | ||
| • | changes in general conditions in the economy; | ||
| • | changes in the financial markets; | ||
| • | changes in the medical equipment industry; | ||
| • | changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or differences between those estimates and our actual results; | ||
| • | the liquidity of the market for the common shares; | ||
| • | developments with respect to patents and proprietary rights; | ||
| • | publication of clinical research results regarding our products; | ||
| • | changes in health care policies in the United States or foreign countries; | ||
| • | grants or exercises of stock options or warrants; | ||
| • | news announcements; | ||
| • | litigation involving us; | ||
| • | actions by governmental agencies, including the FDA, or changes in regulations; and | ||
| • | other developments affecting us or our competitors. |
In particular, the stock market might experience significant price and volume fluctuations that
might affect the market price of the common shares for reasons that are unrelated to our operating
performance and that are beyond our control.
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We have never paid cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash
dividends in the foreseeable future.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common shares and do not expect to pay dividends in
the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in our business.
The payment of any future dividends will be determined by the board in light of the conditions
then existing, including our financial condition and requirements, future prospects, restrictions
in financing agreements, business conditions and other factors deemed relevant by the board. As a
result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common shares will be your sole source of gain for the
foreseeable future.
The market price of the common shares might be lower because of shares eligible for future sale
and shares reserved for future issuance upon the exercise of options and warrants we have
granted.
Future sales of substantial amounts of common shares in the public market or the perception
that such sales could occur could adversely affect the market price of the common shares. Any
substantial sale of common shares or even the possibility of such sales occurring may have an
adverse effect on the market price of the common shares. We have outstanding options and warrants
to purchase an aggregate of 1,895,656 common shares. We have also reserved up to an additional
689,284 common shares for issuance upon exercises of options or awards of restricted stock or
restricted stock units which have not yet been granted or awarded under our stock incentive plans.
We have effective registration statements for the shares underlying these options and stock awards.
Therefore, except for volume limitations imposed by Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 144 on
affiliates, these shares are freely tradable. The market price of our common shares could fall if
the holders of these shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
Forward-Looking Statements
Some of the statements in this report are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking
statements include statements relating to our performance in the sections entitled “Risk Factors,”
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and
“Business” and elsewhere in this report. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding
the intent, belief or current expectations of us or our management, including statements preceded
by, followed by or including forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,”
“believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “intend,” “propose,” “estimate,” “continue,” “predict”
or similar expressions, with respect to various matters.
These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may
cause our actual results, performance time frames or achievements to be materially different from
any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the
forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in
this report in greater detail in this Item 1A above under the heading “Risk Factors.” Given these
risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these
forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and
assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report and the documents that
we have filed as exhibits and incorporated by reference into this report completely and with the
understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We
hereby qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
All forward-looking statements in this report are based on information available to us on the
date of this report. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements that may be made
by us or on our behalf in this report or otherwise.
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ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Our headquarters, manufacturing facility and warehouse space are located in a single building
in Troy, Michigan. We lease approximately 23,000 square feet, approximately 12,000 square feet of
which is office space for sales and marketing, engineering, accounting and other administrative
activities. Our lease expires on December 31, 2009. The minimum monthly lease payment will be
approximately $12,200 for fiscal 2008 and $12,400 for fiscal 2009, excluding other occupancy costs.
We believe that this facility is suitable and adequate for our needs now and for the foreseeable
future, except that we are exploring opportunities for new or additional facility space because of
the growth of our business.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not a party to any pending legal proceedings.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matter was submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal
year ended November 30, 2007.
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SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Our current executive officers and the positions held by them are as follows:
| Executive | ||||||||
| Name | Officer Since | Age | Position | |||||
Bruce J. Barrett
|
6/94 | 48 | President and Chief Executive Officer | |||||
William M. Iacona
|
12/00 | 37 | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Controller, and Treasurer | |||||
Dominic J. Spadafore
|
8/02 | 48 | Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing | |||||
Mary Ann Victor
|
1/98 | 50 | Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer and Secretary | |||||
Our officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
Biographical Information
Mr. Bruce J. Barrett has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and as one of our
directors since June 1994. Earlier in his career, Mr. Barrett served as the Director, Hospital
Products Division, for Abbott Laboratories, Ltd., a health care equipment manufacturer and
distributor, and as the Director, Sales and Marketing, for Abbott Critical Care Systems, a division
of Abbott Laboratories, Inc., a health care equipment manufacturer and distributor. While at
Abbott Critical Care Systems, Mr. Barrett managed Abbott’s invasive oximetry products for
approximately four years. Prior to joining Abbott Laboratories, he served as the group product
manager of hemodynamic monitoring products of Baxter Edwards Critical Care, an affiliate of Baxter
International, Inc., another health care equipment manufacturer and distributor. Mr. Barrett
received a B.S. degree in marketing from Indiana State University and an M.B.A. degree from Arizona
State University. Mr. Barrett is a party to an employment agreement with us that requires us to
elect him to the offices he currently holds.
Mr. William M. Iacona has served as our Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since
January 2006, as our Treasurer since February 2000 and as our Controller since April 1997. From
December 2000 until January 2006, he served as our Vice President, Finance. Before joining us, he
was in the Finance Department of Ameritech Advertising Services, a telephone directory company and
a division of Ameritech Corporation (now AT&T), and was on the audit staff of Deloitte & Touche
LLP, independent auditors. He is a certified public accountant and received a B.S. degree in
accounting from the University of Detroit.
Mr. Dominic J. Spadafore has served as our Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing, since
December 2007. From August 2002 until December 2007, he served as our Vice President, Sales and
Marketing. Mr. Spadafore previously served, from July 2000 until July 2002, as National Sales and
Clinical Director of the Cardiac Assist Division of Datascope Corporation, a medical device company
that manufactures and markets healthcare products including medical devices used in high-risk
cardiac patients. In this position, Mr. Spadafore supervised approximately 50 sales and clinical
personnel and approximately $80 million in domestic revenues. From July 1997 until July 2000, he
served as Western Area Manager of the Patient Monitoring Division of Datascope Corporation, and
prior to that he held field sales representative and regional manager positions with progressive
responsibilities with Datascope Corporation. Earlier in his career Mr. Spadafore was a sales
representative with the Upjohn Company, a pharmaceutical manufacturer, and a sales representative
with White and White Incorporated, a medical supply distributor. He received a BA degree in
pre-medicine from Oakland University. Mr. Spadafore is a party to an employment agreement with us
that requires us to elect him to the office he currently holds.
Ms. Mary Ann Victor has served as our Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer since
January 2006 and as our Secretary since January 1998. From January 1998 until January 2006, she
served as our Vice President, Communications and Administration. Prior to that she was our
Director, Communications and Administration. Her prior experience includes various investor
relations and public relations positions with publicly-held companies. She also is an attorney and
practiced with the law firm Varnum Riddering Schmidt & Howlett. Ms. Victor received a B.S. in
political science from the University of Michigan and a J.D. from the University of Detroit.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF
EQUITY SECURITIES
Our common shares trade on The NASDAQ Global Market (until February 7, 2006 on The NASDAQ
Capital Market) under the trading symbol “SMTS.” The following table sets forth, for the periods
indicated, the range of high and low sales prices of our common shares as reported by NASDAQ.
| High | Low | |||||||
Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2006 |
||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 36.64 | $ | 21.53 | ||||
Second Quarter |
27.02 | 15.28 | ||||||
Third Quarter |
19.97 | 14.51 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
24.75 | 16.55 | ||||||
Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 |
||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 23.63 | $ | 18.35 | ||||
Second Quarter |
21.10 | 17.35 | ||||||
Third Quarter |
19.81 | 16.08 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter |
20.59 | 17.93 | ||||||
As of February 1, 2008, we had 507 shareholders of record of our common shares.
We have never paid cash dividends on our common shares and do not expect to pay such dividends
in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain any future earnings for use in our
business. The payment of any future dividends will be determined by the board in light of the
conditions then existing, including our financial condition and requirements, future prospects,
restrictions in any financing agreements, business conditions and other factors deemed relevant by
the board.
Performance Graph
The following line graph compares for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006 and 2007 (1) the yearly percentage change in our cumulative total shareholder return (i.e.,
the change in share price divided by the initial share price, expressed as the resulting value of a
$100 investment; we have not paid cash dividends) on our common shares, with (2) the cumulative
total return of The Russell 2000 Index and with (3) the cumulative total return on the NASDAQ
Medical Devices Index.
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COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
AMONG SOMANETICS CORPORATION,
THE RUSSELL 2000 INDEX, AND
NASDAQ MEDICAL DEVICES INDEX**
AMONG SOMANETICS CORPORATION,
THE RUSSELL 2000 INDEX, AND
NASDAQ MEDICAL DEVICES INDEX**
| 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||||||
Somanetics Corporation |
100.00 | 387.13 | 687.13 | 1,530.20 | 960.40 | 990.59 | ||||||||||||||||||
The Russell 2000 Index |
100.00 | 136.29 | 159.81 | 172.83 | 202.95 | 200.57 | ||||||||||||||||||
NASDAQ Medical Devices Index |
100.00 | 144.60 | 167.13 | 189.24 | 196.10 | 247.53 | ||||||||||||||||||
Assumes $100 invested on November 30, 2002 in Somanetics Corporation common shares, The Russell
2000 Index and the NASDAQ Medical Devices Index.
| * | Total return assumes reinvestment of dividends. |
|
| ** | Fiscal Year ending November 30. |
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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
You should read the following selected financial data together with our financial statements
and related notes included in Item 8 of this report and with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Item 7 of this report. We have
derived the statement of operations data for the years ended November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and
the balance sheet data as of November 30, 2007 and 2006 from our audited financial statements,
which are included in Item 8 of this report. We have derived the statement of operations data for
the years ended November 30, 2004 and 2003 and the balance sheet data as of November 30, 2005, 2004
and 2003 from our audited financial statements, which are not included in this report. Our
historical results for any prior period are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected
for any future period.
| Year Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
$ | 38,586 | $ | 28,701 | $ | 20,509 | $ | 12,609 | $ | 9,361 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales |
4,726 | 3,566 | 2,601 | 2,050 | 2,140 | |||||||||||||||
Gross margin |
33,860 | 25,135 | 17,908 | 10,558 | 7,221 | |||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Research, development and engineering (1) |
669 | 1,582 | 526 | 369 | 413 | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative (2) |
22,269 | 16,485 | 13,241 | 8,237 | 6,759 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
22,938 | 18,067 | 13,767 | 8,606 | 7,172 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income |
10,922 | 7,068 | 4,141 | 1,952 | 49 | |||||||||||||||
Other income: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
4,008 | 2,582 | 310 | 55 | 23 | |||||||||||||||
Total other income |
4,008 | 2,582 | 310 | 55 | 23 | |||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
$ | 14,930 | $ | 9,650 | $ | 4,451 | $ | 2,007 | $ | 72 | ||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit (3) |
(5,248 | ) | 750 | 3,300 | 6,700 | — | ||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 9,682 | $ | 10,400 | $ | 7,751 | $ | 8,707 | $ | 72 | ||||||||||
Net income per common share —
basic |
$ | .73 | $ | .83 | $ | .75 | $ | .89 | $ | .01 | ||||||||||
Net income per common share —
diluted |
$ | .67 | $ | .75 | $ | .66 | $ | .77 | $ | .01 | ||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding — basic |
13,213 | 12,463 | 10,322 | 9,780 | 9,114 | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding — diluted |
14,384 | 13,824 | 11,798 | 11,323 | 9,467 | |||||||||||||||
| As of November 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents,
securities and investments |
$ | 85,804 | $ | 71,571 | $ | 13,148 | $ | 7,070 | $ | 2,239 | ||||||||||
Working capital |
62,998 | 57,968 | 18,044 | 9,311 | 4,480 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
104,984 | 92,423 | 29,719 | 18,785 | 7,156 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
2,819 | 2,205 | 1,878 | 1,232 | 991 | |||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(17,049 | ) | (26,731 | ) | (37,131 | ) | (44,882 | ) | (53,589 | ) | ||||||||||
Total shareholders’ equity |
102,165 | 90,218 | 27,841 | 17,553 | 6,165 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Includes a $1,000,000 expense in fiscal 2006 in connection with our Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement we entered into with NeuroPhysics Corporation. | |
| (2) | Includes an impairment expense of $929,093 in fiscal 2005 in connection with the write-off of our intangible asset associated with the acquisition of the license for the CorRestore System. | |
| (3) | Fiscal 2006, 2005, and 2004 amounts are net of a fourth quarter reversal of a portion of our income tax valuation allowance in the amount of $4,068,613, $4,837,420 and $7,397,345, respectively. |
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results
of operations together with our financial statements and the related notes and other financial data
included elsewhere in this report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and
analysis or set forth elsewhere in this report, including information with respect to our plans and
strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. You should review the “Risk Factors” section of this report for a discussion of
important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described
in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.
See also “Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 1A of this report.
Overview
We develop, manufacture and market the INVOS System, a non-invasive patient monitoring system
that continuously measures changes in the blood oxygen levels in the brain and elsewhere in the
body in somatic, or skeletal muscle, tissue in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow.
We began commercializing our model 5100 INVOS System internationally in the third quarter of
fiscal 1999 and in the United States in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2000. Unlike earlier models,
the model 5100 has the added capability of being able to monitor pediatric patients. From product
launch until the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we focused our marketing efforts primarily on adult
and pediatric cardiac surgeries and carotid artery surgeries. During the second quarter of fiscal
2004, results of both the first prospective, randomized clinical trial and a larger retrospective
review evaluating the INVOS System were presented, which we believe have contributed to the INVOS
System gaining further market penetration.
In the first quarter of fiscal 2005, we initiated selling and marketing efforts for the INVOS
System in the pediatric intensive care unit, or ICU. We plan to launch the INVOS System into the
neonatal ICU in early 2008 after completing additional market research of a smaller SomaSensor. We
are currently sponsoring a clinical trial evaluating the use of the INVOS System on diabetic
patients over age 50. If results of this trial are positive, we intend to target more actively the
sale of the INVOS System for use in diabetic patients undergoing major general surgeries,
consistent with FDA requirements.
In November 2005, we received 510(k) clearance from the FDA to market our INVOS System to
monitor changes in somatic tissue blood oxygen saturation in regions of the body other than the
brain in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow. Our four-channel cerebral and somatic
INVOS System monitor, which we launched in the second quarter of 2006, can display information from
four SomaSensors, which allows for the simultaneous monitoring of changes in blood oxygen
saturation in the brain and, in patients with or at risk for restricted blood flow, in somatic
tissue.
We also develop and market the CorRestore System for use in cardiac repair and reconstruction.
In November 2001, we received clearance from the FDA to market the CorRestore Patch in the United
States. Sales of CorRestore Systems represented less than one percent of our fiscal 2007 net
revenues.
Net Revenues and Cost of Sales
We derive our revenues from sales of INVOS Systems and CorRestore Systems to hospitals in the
United States through our direct sales team and independent sales representative firms. Outside
the United States, we have distribution agreements with independent distributors for the INVOS
System, including Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, in Europe, Canada, the Middle East and South
Africa, and Edwards Lifesciences Ltd. in Japan. Our cost of sales represent the cost of producing
monitors and disposable SomaSensors. Revenues from outside the United States contributed 18
percent to our fiscal 2007 net revenues. As a percentage of net revenues, the gross margins
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from our international sales are typically lower than gross margins from our U.S. sales,
reflecting the difference between the prices we receive from distributors and from direct
customers.
We recognize revenue when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement with the customer,
the product has been delivered, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collectibility is
reasonably assured. The product is considered delivered to the customer once we have shipped it,
as this is when title and risk of loss have transferred. Payment terms are generally net 30 days
for U.S. sales and net 60 days or longer for international sales.
Our INVOS System revenues are derived from the sale of monitors and our disposable
SomaSensors. We intend that disposables will form the basis of a recurring revenue stream. In
addition, we offer to our customers in the United States a no capital cost sales program whereby we
ship the INVOS System monitor to the customer at no charge. Under this program, we do not
recognize any revenue upon the shipment of the monitor. We recognize SomaSensor revenue when we
receive purchase orders and ship the product to the customer. At the time of shipment of the
monitor, we capitalize the monitor as an asset and depreciate this asset over five years, and this
depreciation is included in cost of goods sold.
Operating Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses generally consist of:
| • | salaries, wages and related expenses of our employees and consultants; | ||
| • | sales and marketing expenses, such as employee sales commissions, commissions to independent sales representatives, travel, entertainment, advertising, education and training expenses, depreciation of demonstration monitors and attendance at selected medical conferences; | ||
| • | clinical research expenses, such as costs of supporting clinical trials; and | ||
| • | general and administrative expenses, such as the cost of corporate operations, professional services, stock compensation, insurance, warranty and royalty expenses, investor relations, depreciation and amortization, facilities expenses and other general operating expenses. |
We have increased the size of our direct sales team from 44 persons at the end of fiscal 2006
to 53 persons at the end of fiscal 2007. We expect to increase the size of our U.S. direct sales
team in fiscal 2008 and are evaluating placing direct salespersons and clinical specialists in
Europe to support Covidien. We also expect our clinical research expenses to increase in fiscal
2008 as a result of sponsoring a clinical trial evaluating the use of the INVOS System on diabetic
patients over age 50 and other clinical trials. As a result, we expect selling, general and
administrative expenses to increase in fiscal 2008.
Research, development and engineering expenses consist of:
| • | salaries, wages and related expenses of our research and development personnel and consultants; | ||
| • | costs of various development projects; and | ||
| • | costs of preparing and processing applications for FDA clearance of new products. |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006, we recorded a research and development expense of
$1,000,000 in connection with our contract development and exclusive licensing agreement with
NeuroPhysics Corporation.
Deferred Tax Assets and Impairment Charges
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005:
| • | We recorded an impairment expense of $929,093 associated with the write-down of our intangible asset associated with the acquisition of the license for the CorRestore System. | ||
| • | We adjusted our deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in the recognition of additional deferred tax assets due to expected future tax benefits related to our net operating loss carryforwards. Recognition |
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| of this additional deferred tax asset resulted in a non-cash net tax benefit on our statement of operations for fiscal 2005 of $3,300,000. |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006, we further adjusted our deferred tax asset
valuation allowance resulting in the recognition of additional deferred tax assets due to expected
future tax benefits related to our net operating loss carryforwards. Recognition of this
additional deferred tax asset resulted in a non-cash net tax benefit on our statement of operations
for fiscal 2006 of $750,000.
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, we recognized income tax expense at an estimated
effective tax rate of 35 percent on our statement of operations. This income tax expense included
a non-cash tax expense on our statement of operations for fiscal 2007 of $5,076,276. In November
2007, we wrote off our remaining CorRestore inventory of $180,521, based on the declining sales of
CorRestore products and the uncertainty regarding future sales of these products.
Results of Operations
Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2007 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2006
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased $9,885,232, or 34 percent, from $28,700,600 in the
fiscal year ended November 30, 2006 to $38,585,832 in the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007. The
increase in net revenues is primarily attributable to:
| • | an increase in U.S. sales of $8,284,866, or 36 percent, from $23,276,064 in fiscal 2006 to $31,560,930 in fiscal 2007. The increase in U.S. sales was primarily due to an increase in sales of the disposable SomaSensor of $5,691,400, or 30 percent, primarily as a result of a 24 percent increase in SomaSensor unit sales. In addition, sales of the INVOS System monitor in the United States increased $2,841,360, or 75 percent, primarily as a result of increased purchases by pediatric hospitals; and | ||
| • | an increase in international sales of $1,600,366, or 30 percent, from $5,424,536 in fiscal 2006 to $7,024,902 in fiscal 2007. The increase in international sales was primarily due to increased purchases of the INVOS System monitor and disposable SomaSensor by Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, in Europe, and increased purchases by Edwards Lifesciences in connection with the launch of our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor in Japan, partially for evaluation and demonstration purposes. In fiscal 2007, international sales represented 18 percent of our net revenues, compared to 19 percent of our net revenues in fiscal 2006. Purchases by Covidien accounted for 13 percent of net revenues in fiscal 2007, compared to 15 percent in fiscal 2006. |
In the United States, we sold 248,360 SomaSensors in fiscal 2007, and internationally, we sold
122,690. We placed 509 INVOS System monitors in the United States and 434 internationally in
fiscal 2007, and our installed base of INVOS System monitors in the United States was 2,006, in 664
hospitals, as of November 30, 2007.
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Sales of our products as a percentage of net revenues were as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended November 30, | ||||||||
| Product | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
SomaSensors |
73 | % | 75 | % | ||||
INVOS System Monitors |
27 | % | 24 | % | ||||
Total INVOS System |
100 | % | 99 | % | ||||
CorRestore Systems |
0 | % | 1 | % | ||||
Total |
100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
Gross Margin. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues was 88 percent for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2007 and November 30, 2006. We realized a four percent increase in the average
selling price of SomaSensors in the United States and increased sales of the INVOS System monitors
to pediatric hospitals in the United States. The increase in our average selling prices in the
United States is attributable to increased sales of our pediatric SomaSensor, which sells for a
higher price than the adult SomaSensor.
Research, Development and Engineering Expenses. Our research, development and engineering
expenses decreased $913,706, or 58 percent, from $1,582,521 in fiscal 2006 to $668,815 in fiscal
2007. The decrease is primarily attributable to a $1,000,000 initial fee under our Contract
Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement entered into with NeuroPhysics Corporation in the
fourth quarter of fiscal 2006. We expect our research, development and engineering expenses to
increase in fiscal 2008 primarily as a result of development costs associated with advances to the
design and performance features of the INVOS System, including the disposable SomaSensor, and the
hiring of additional research and development personnel.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses
increased $5,784,617, or 35 percent, from $16,484,567 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006
to $22,269,184 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, primarily due to:
| • | a $2,575,653 increase in salaries, wages and related expenses, primarily as a result of an increase in the number of employees, principally in sales and marketing (from an average of 64 employees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006 to an average of 88 employees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007) and an increase in salaries of existing employees; | ||
| • | an $1,200,884 increase in travel, marketing and selling-related expenses as a result of our increased sales personnel and increased sales and marketing activities, including sales training, product sponsorship, trade shows and advertising; | ||
| • | an $1,147,564 increase in employee sales commissions as a result of increased sales and hiring additional sales employees in fiscal 2007; | ||
| • | a $513,754 increase in accrued incentive compensation expense due to our fiscal year 2007 financial performance, primarily increased sales and operating income in accordance with the 2007 incentive compensation plans; | ||
| • | a $477,060 increase in stock compensation expense due to stock compensation issued to directors, officers, employees and a consultant in fiscal 2006 and 2007; | ||
| • | a $233,693 increase in clinical research expenses primarily as a result of a grant for neonatal research that we are supporting and a clinical trial we are sponsoring evaluating the use of the INVOS System on diabetic patients over age 50; and | ||
| • | a $165,935 increase in corporate insurance expenses due to increased coverage limits and increased premiums. |
These increases were partially offset by a $739,400 decrease in commissions paid to our independent
sales representative firms as a result of fewer independent sales representative firms in fiscal
2007.
We expect our selling, general and administrative expenses to increase in fiscal 2008,
primarily as a result of our hiring additional direct sales personnel in fiscal 2007 and 2008,
increased employee sales commissions payable
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as a result of increased sales, increased clinical research expense, increased stock
compensation expenses, and increased sales and marketing expenses.
Other Income. During fiscal 2007, interest income increased to $4,008,537, from $2,582,033
in fiscal 2006, primarily due to our increased cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and
long-term investment balances as a result of cash provided by operating activities and the proceeds
from our public offering of common shares that closed in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, and
increased interest rates.
Income Taxes. As of November 30, 2007, we recognized income tax expense at an estimated
effective tax rate of 35 percent on our statement of operations, and we expect this to continue for
future periods. As of November 30, 2006, we further adjusted our deferred tax asset valuation
allowance resulting in the recognition of additional deferred tax assets as a result of expected
future tax benefits related to our net operating loss carryforwards. Recognition of this
additional deferred tax asset resulted in a non-cash tax benefit on our statement of operations for
fiscal 2006 of $750,000, and increased our net income for fiscal 2006 to $10,399,957, or $0.75 per
diluted common share. For fiscal 2006, the reversal of our valuation allowance was net of recorded
taxes. The net income tax benefit of $750,000 consisted of income tax expense recorded at an
estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent in the amount of $2,604,663 for the first three quarters
of fiscal 2006, and a net deferred tax benefit of $3,354,663 recorded in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 2006.
Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2006 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2005
Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased $8,191,348, or 40 percent, from $20,509,252 in the
fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 to $28,700,600 in the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006. The
increase in net revenues is primarily attributable to:
| • | an increase in U.S. sales of $6,070,504, or 35 percent, from $17,205,560 in fiscal 2005 to $23,276,064 in fiscal 2006. The increase in U.S. sales was primarily due to an increase in sales of the disposable SomaSensor of $5,219,040, or 38 percent, primarily as a result of a 31 percent increase in SomaSensor unit sales. In addition, sales of the INVOS System monitor in the United States increased $952,289, or 34 percent, primarily as a result of increased purchases by pediatric hospitals after the launch of our products into the pediatric ICU in the first quarter of fiscal 2005; and | ||
| • | an increase in international sales of $2,120,844, or 64 percent, from $3,303,692 in fiscal 2005 to $5,424,536 in fiscal 2006. The increase in international sales was primarily due to increased purchases of the INVOS System monitor and disposable SomaSensor by Covidien in Europe. In fiscal 2006, international sales represented 19 percent of our net revenues, compared to 16 percent of our net revenues in fiscal 2005. Purchases by Covidien accounted for 15 percent of net revenues in fiscal 2006, compared to 11 percent in fiscal 2005. |
In the United States, we sold 199,907 SomaSensors in fiscal 2006, and internationally, we sold
89,080 SomaSensors in fiscal 2006. We placed 397 INVOS System monitors in the United States and
400 internationally in fiscal 2006, and our installed base of INVOS System monitors in the United
States was 1,497, in 584 hospitals, as of November 30, 2006.
Sales of our products as a percentage of net revenues were as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended November 30, | ||||||||
| Product | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||
SomaSensors |
75 | % | 75 | % | ||||
INVOS System Monitors |
24 | % | 23 | % | ||||
Total INVOS System |
99 | % | 98 | % | ||||
CorRestore Systems |
1 | % | 2 | % | ||||
Total |
100 | % | 100 | % | ||||
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Gross Margin. Gross margin as a percentage of net revenues was 88 percent for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2006 and 87 percent for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005. The increase
in gross margin as a percentage of net revenues is primarily attributable to a five percent
increase in the average selling price of SomaSensors in the United States and increased sales of
the INVOS System monitors to pediatric hospitals in the United States. The increase in our average
selling prices in the United States is attributable to increased sales of our pediatric SomaSensor,
which sells for a higher price than the adult SomaSensor, and to the addition of new customers at
our higher suggested retail prices. The increase in gross margin as a percentage of net revenues
was partially offset by increased purchases of our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System
monitor and disposable sensor by Covidien, due to the lower margin we receive on sales to our
distributors.
Research, Development and Engineering Expenses. Our research, development and engineering
expenses increased $1,056,842, or 201 percent, from $525,679 in fiscal 2005 to $1,582,521 in fiscal
2006. The increase is primarily attributable to a $1,000,000 initial fee under our Contract
Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement entered into with NeuroPhysics Corporation in the
fourth quarter of fiscal 2006.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses
increased $3,243,514, or 24 percent, from $13,241,053 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005
to $16,484,567 for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006, primarily due to:
| • | a $1,734,244 increase in salaries, wages and related expenses, primarily as a result of an increase in the number of employees, principally in sales and marketing (from an average of 42 employees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005 to an average of 64 employees for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006) and an increase in salaries of existing employees; | ||
| • | an $897,099 increase in travel, marketing and selling-related expenses as a result of our increased sales personnel and increased sales and marketing activities, primarily sales training and trade shows; | ||
| • | an $527,765 increase in employee sales commissions as a result of increased sales and hiring additional sales employees in fiscal 2006; | ||
| • | a $403,352 increase in professional service fees, primarily due to increased legal and consulting fees; | ||
| • | a $293,026 increase in stock compensation expense due to stock compensation issued to directors, officers, employees and a consultant in fiscal 2006; | ||
| • | a $196,586 increase in office and facilities expenses primarily as a result of increased employees and increased insurance costs; and | ||
| • | a $101,405 increase in depreciation expense due to increased capitalized tooling for our four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System. |
During fiscal 2005 we incurred an impairment expense of $929,093 as a result of the write-down of
our intangible asset associated with the acquisition of the license for the CorRestore System.
Other Income. During fiscal 2006, interest income increased to $2,582,033, from $310,055 in
fiscal 2005, primarily due to our increased cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and
long-term investment balances as a result of the proceeds from our public offering of common shares
that closed in the second quarter of fiscal 2006, and increased interest rates.
Income Taxes. As of November 30, 2006, we further adjusted our deferred tax asset valuation
allowance resulting in the recognition of additional deferred tax assets as a result of expected
future tax benefits related to our net operating loss carryforwards. Recognition of this
additional deferred tax asset resulted in a non-cash tax benefit on our statement of operations for
fiscal 2006 of $750,000, and increased our net income for fiscal 2006 to $10,399,957, or $0.75 per
diluted common share. For fiscal 2006, the reversal of our valuation allowance was net of recorded
taxes. The net income tax benefit of $750,000 consisted of income tax expense recorded at an
estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent in the amount of $2,604,663 for the first three quarters
of fiscal 2006, and a net deferred tax benefit of $3,354,663 recorded in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 2006.
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Effects of Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a significant impact on our financial position or
results of operations in the past three years.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our principal sources of operating funds have been the proceeds of equity investments from
sales of our common shares and cash provided by operating activities. See Statements of
Shareholders’ Equity of our financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
As of November 30, 2007, we did not have any outstanding or available debt financing
arrangements, we had working capital of $63.0 million and our primary sources of liquidity were
$33.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, $19.0 million of marketable securities and $33.7
million of long-term investments. Marketable securities and long-term investments consist of
Aaa-rated United States Government agency bonds, and cash and cash equivalents are currently
invested in bank savings accounts and money market accounts, pending their ultimate use.
On March 6, 2006, we completed a public offering of 2,300,000 of our newly-issued common
shares at a public offering price of $24.00 per share. The net proceeds, after deducting the
underwriting discount and the expense of the offering, were $51,232,774.
We entered into a Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement with NeuroPhysics
Corporation as of September 18, 2006. The agreement provides us with feasibility research,
contract development and consulting services and certain ownership and licensing rights, subject to
the rights of the United States Federal government, to intellectual property and technical
knowledge associated with several novel near-infrared spectroscopy, or “NIRS”, and imaging
technologies and products under development at NeuroPhysics. We paid an initial license fee of
$1,000,000 and have agreed to pay monthly license fees of up to $30,000 a month (depending on which
projects are continuing under development at NeuroPhysics at the time) for products continuing
under development at NeuroPhysics beginning April 1, 2008 and a royalty on future sales of the new
products.
We believe that cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and long-term investments on
hand at November 30, 2007 will be adequate to satisfy our operating and capital requirements for
more than the next twelve months.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operations during fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $13,081,989 $7,304,835
and $3,687,653, respectively. In fiscal 2007, cash was provided primarily by:
| • | $16,345,899 of net income before income taxes and non-cash depreciation, amortization and stock compensation expense; | ||
| • | a $541,711 increase in accrued liabilities, primarily as a result of the increased accrued incentive compensation and accrued sales commissions as a result of our fiscal 2007 financial performance; | ||
| • | a $194,000 decrease in accrued income tax expense as a result of payments made in fiscal 2007; and | ||
| • | a $72,276 increase in accounts payable, primarily as a result of increased inventory and operating expenses, partially offset by more timely payments made to vendors. |
Cash provided by operations in fiscal 2007 was partially offset by:
| • | a $2,746,528 increase in accounts receivable, primarily as a result of higher fourth quarter sales in fiscal 2007 than in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006, and the timing of more of the sales in fiscal 2007 towards the end of the fourth quarter; |
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| • | a $658,895 increase in inventories, primarily due to the acquisition of components associated with our SomaSensors and our INVOS System monitor due to anticipated sales, partially offset by the $180,521 write-down of our CorRestore inventory described above; inventories on our balance sheet decreased because we capitalized INVOS System monitors to property and equipment that are being used as demonstration units and no capital cost sales equipment, as described below; | ||
| • | a $400,960 increase in deferred income tax benefits as a result of payments made for estimated alternative minimum tax that we expect will result in future tax credits when we use our net operating loss carryforwards; | ||
| • | a $199,451 increase in accrued interest income, primarily due to our increased cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and long-term investment balances, and increased interest rates; and | ||
| • | a $66,063 increase in prepaid expenses, primarily as a result of prepaid costs associated with the construction of a new trade show booth. |
We expect our working capital requirements to increase as sales increase.
The increase in inventories described above is greater than shown on our balance sheet because
it includes INVOS System monitors that we capitalized because they are being used as demonstration
units and no capital cost sales equipment. We capitalized $833,069 of costs from inventory for
INVOS System monitors being used as demonstration units and no capital cost sales equipment at
customers during fiscal 2007, compared to $828,692 in fiscal 2006. As of November 30, 2007, we
have capitalized $3,386,287 in costs for INVOS System monitors being used as demonstration and no
capital cost sales equipment, and these assets have a net book value of $1,801,702. We depreciate
these assets over five years.
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $10,127,748,
$43,390,890 and $134,637, respectively. In fiscal 2007, these expenditures were primarily for
investments in marketable securities and long-term investments of $63,795,275, partially offset by
maturities of marketable securities and long-term investments of $54,000,000, and also $332,473 in
capital expenditures, primarily tooling for the disposable SomaSensor, and computer hardware and
software in connection with our additional sales personnel. In fiscal 2006, these expenditures
were primarily for investments in marketable securities and long-term investments with the proceeds
from our public offering, described above, and also $554,993 in capital expenditures, primarily
tooling for the four-channel cerebral and somatic INVOS System monitor.
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities in fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $1,483,867,
$51,672,687 and $2,525,679, respectively. During fiscal 2007, we issued 271,334 common shares as a
result of stock option exercises, for proceeds of $1,483,867. On March 6, 2006, we completed a
public offering of 2,300,000 of our newly-issued common shares at a public offering price of $24.00
per share. The net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discount and the expense of the
offering, were $51,232,774. In addition, during fiscal 2006, we issued 79,742 common shares as a
result of stock option exercises, for proceeds of $439,913. During fiscal 2005, we issued 561,839
common shares as a result of stock option exercises by employees, directors and former employees,
for proceeds of $2,525,679.
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Contractual Obligations
The following information is provided as of November 30, 2007 with respect to our known
contractual obligations specified in the following table, aggregated by type of contractual
obligation:
| Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Less | More | |||||||||||||||||||
| than 1 | 1-3 | 3-5 | than 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Contractual Obligations | Total | year | years | years | years | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt obligations |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Capital lease obligations |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
$ | 306,900 | $ | 145,800 | $ | 161,100 | — | — | ||||||||||||
Purchase obligations |
4,931,700 | 4,879,600 | 52,100 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
— | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations consist primarily of purchase orders executed for inventory components.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or financing activities.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2006, the FASB adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in
Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and requires an assessment of
the probability of the validity of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax
returns for recognition in financial statements. Only tax positions meeting a
“more-likely-than-not” threshold of being sustained are recognized under FIN 48. FIN 48 also
provides guidance on classification of interest and penalties and accounting and disclosures for
annual and interim financial statements. FIN 48 is effective for our fiscal year beginning
December 1, 2007. The cumulative effect of the changes arising from the initial application of FIN
48 is required to be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the
period of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of FIN 48 will have a material impact on our
financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
We believe our most significant accounting policies relate to our accounting treatment of
stock compensation of employees, our accounting treatment for income taxes, and our revenue
recognition associated with our no capital cost sales program.
Stock Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised), Share Based Payment. This Statement requires that
compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions, including stock options, stock
appreciation rights and restricted stock be recognized in the financial statements. This Statement
was effective for our fiscal quarter beginning December 1, 2005. We adopted this Statement for
fiscal 2006 using a modified prospective application and, accordingly, prior period amounts have
not been restated.
We previously accounted for stock-based compensation of employees using the intrinsic value
method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees,” and
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related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation costs for stock options granted
to employees are measured as the excess, if any, of the market price of our stock at the date of
the grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. No compensation expense was
charged against income for fiscal 2005 for stock option grants to employees because our stock option grants are priced at the market value as of the date of
grant. Stock-based compensation of consultants and advisors was determined based on the fair value
of the options or warrants on the grant date pursuant to the methodology of SFAS No. 123, estimated
using the Black-Scholes model. The resulting amount was recognized as compensation expense and an
increase in additional paid-in capital over the vesting period of the options or warrants. As a
result, we recorded $11,221 of compensation expense, and an equal increase in additional paid in
capital, for stock options vesting in favor of non-employees in fiscal 2005.
In November 2005, we approved the acceleration of vesting of all unvested stock options as of
November 30, 2005. The primary purpose of this accelerated vesting was to eliminate compensation
expense we would recognize in our results of operations upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, which was
effective for our fiscal quarter beginning December 1, 2005. After the effects of the accelerated
vesting, the initial adoption of SFAS 123R was immaterial with respect to options granted before
December 1, 2005. The issuance of additional stock compensation under the 2005 Stock Incentive
Plan in fiscal 2007 and 2006 had an impact on our financial statements.
During fiscal 2007, we granted 96,000 stock options to our employees, directors and one of our
officers, and we issued 9,000 restricted common shares to one of our officers. During fiscal 2006,
we granted 239,000 stock options to our officers, employees, directors and one of our consultants,
and we issued 68,000 restricted common shares to our officers. These stock options and restricted
shares were issued at the market price on the date of grant, and they vest and are expensed in the
financial statements over five years. As a result of the stock options and restricted common
shares that we granted during fiscal 2007 and fiscal 2006, we have recorded $781,308 in stock
compensation expense in fiscal 2007 in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (R). As a result of the stock
options and restricted common shares that we granted during fiscal 2006, we recorded $304,248 in
stock compensation expense in fiscal 2006 in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R).
As of November 30, 2007, there was $3,606,518 of total unrecognized compensation cost related
to nonvested share-based compensation awards granted under the 2005 Plan. That cost is expected to
be recognized over a weighted average period of 4 years. As of November 30, 2006, there was
$3,260,855 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation
awards granted under the 2005 Plan. That cost was expected to be recognized over a weighted
average period of 4.5 years. No modifications were made to any share awards that required an
accounting charge, and no cash was paid for share-based liabilities during fiscal 2007 or fiscal
2006.
The fair value of the stock option grants was estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for fiscal 2007
and 2006: expected volatility (the measure by which the stock price has fluctuated or is expected
to fluctuate during the period) 47.00% (54.00% for 2006), risk-free rate (approximate U.S. Treasury
yield in effect at the time of grant) of 5%, expected lives of 6 years, and a dividend yield of 0%.
The fair value of the restricted common shares was estimated based on the market value of the
common shares on the date of issuance. Different assumptions could significantly change the
calculated grant date fair value, and, therefore, the amount of stock compensation expense we
recognize over the vesting period of the awards. We believe, however, that our estimates are
appropriate.
During fiscal 2005 we granted 162,146 stock options to our employees and directors. Had we
recognized compensation expense for our stock options that vested in fiscal 2005 using the fair
value method of accounting based on the fair value of the options on the grant date using the
Black-Scholes valuation model, we would have recorded $1,804,000 in compensation expense and
realized pro forma net income of $5,958,308, or $0.51 per diluted common share.
Income Taxes
We have performed the required assessment of positive and negative evidence regarding
realization of our deferred tax assets in accordance with SFAS No. 109, including our past
operating results, the existence of cumulative losses over our history up to the most recent five
fiscal years, and our forecast for future net income.
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Our assessment of our deferred tax assets included assuming that our net revenues and pre-tax income will grow in future years consistent
with the growth guidance given for fiscal 2008 and making allowance for the uncertainties
surrounding, among other things, our future rate of growth in net revenues, the rate of adoption of
our products in the marketplace, and the potential for competition to enter the marketplace. As of
November 30, 2007, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that approximately $6,075,000 of such assets will be realized.
The remaining tax benefits of $6,024,000 relating to stock option exercises will not be recognized
on our financial statements until the reduce current taxes payable. The benefit, when recognized,
will increase additional paid in capital.
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, we recorded income tax expense at an estimated
effective tax rate of 35 percent.
During fiscal 2005, we adjusted our deferred tax asset valuation allowance resulting in the
recognition of a net deferred tax asset of $3,300,000 related to the expected future benefits of
our net operating loss carryforwards, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” During 2006, we further adjusted our deferred
tax asset valuation allowance resulting in the recognition of an additional net deferred tax asset
of $750,000. For fiscal 2006 and 2005, the reversal of our valuation allowance was net of recorded
taxes. For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006, the recorded net income tax benefit of
$750,000 consisted of income tax expense recorded at an estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent
in the amount of $2,604,663 for the first three quarters of fiscal 2006, and a net deferred tax
benefit of $3,354,663 recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006. For the fiscal year ended
November 30, 2005, the recorded net income tax benefit of $3,300,000 consisted of income tax
expense recorded at an estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent in the amount of $1,261,223 for
the first three quarters of fiscal 2005, and a net deferred tax benefit of $4,561,223 recorded in
the fourth quarter of fiscal 2005.
The effect of recognizing this asset on our balance sheet, and associated tax benefit on our
statement of operations, is to increase our net income for fiscal 2006 to $10,399,957, or $0.75 per
diluted common share, and to increase our net income for fiscal 2005 to $7,751,087, or $0.66 per
diluted common share. Given the assumptions inherent in our financial plans, it is possible to
calculate a different value for our deferred tax asset by changing one or more of the variables in
our assessment. However, we believe that our evaluation of our financial plans was reasonable, and
that the judgments and assumptions that we made at the time of developing the plan were
appropriate.
No Capital Cost Sales Revenue Recognition
We offer to our customers in the United States a no capital cost sales program whereby we ship
the INVOS System monitor to the customer at no charge. Under this program, we do not recognize any
revenue upon the shipment of the INVOS System monitor. We recognize SomaSensor revenue when we
receive purchase orders and ship the product to the customer. At the time of shipment of the
monitor, we capitalize the INVOS System monitor as an asset and depreciate this asset over five
years. We believe this is consistent with our stated revenue recognition policy, which is
compliant with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, and we have considered Emerging Issues Task Force
No. 00-21, “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables.”
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The table below provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to
changes in interest rates, consisting of investments in United States government agency bonds. For
these financial instruments, the table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average
interest rates by expected maturity dates. Weighted average fixed rates are based on the contract
rates. The actual cash flows of all instruments are denominated in U.S. dollars. We invest our
cash on hand not needed in current operations in United States government agency bonds with varying
maturity dates with the intention of holding them until maturity.
November 30, 2007
Expected Maturity Dates By Fiscal Year
Expected Maturity Dates By Fiscal Year
| 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | Thereafter | Total | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable Securities and Long-term Investments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate ($) |
18,978,074 | — | 8,666,244 | 6,996,231 | 17,990,624 | — | 52,631,173 | 52,785,570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate |
5.25 | % | N/A | 5.08 | % | 5.23 | % | 5.12 | % | N/A | 5.17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
November 30, 2006
Expected Maturity Dates By Fiscal Year
Expected Maturity Dates By Fiscal Year
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Thereafter | Total | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marketable Securities and Long-term Investments: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate ($) |
20,918,134 | 11,943,252 | 9,974,512 | — | — | — | 42,835,898 | 42,912,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average interest rate |
5.17 | % | 5.25 | % | 5.33 | % | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5.22 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
During fiscal 2007, five of our bonds matured for approximately $21,000,000 and six of our
bonds that were due to mature in 2008, 2009 and 2011 were called for approximately $33,000,000. We
reinvested the proceeds, along with an additional $10,000,000 into new bonds with maturity dates in
fiscal 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of Somanetics Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. Somanetics Corporation’s internal control
system was designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of
directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements. All
internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even
those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to
financial statement preparation and presentation.
Somanetics Corporation management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting as of November 30, 2007. In making this assessment, it used the criteria
set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of November
30, 2007, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those
criteria.
Somanetics Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm, that audited the
financial statements prepared by the Company included in Item 8 of this report, has issued a report
on the financial statements and on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting, which is included on the next page.
January 22, 2008
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Somanetics Corporation
Troy, Michigan
Somanetics Corporation
Troy, Michigan
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Somanetics Corporation (the “Company”) as of
November 30, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’
equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended November 30, 2007. We also
have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2007, based
on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for
these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting,
and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control, included in the accompanying
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and
whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting
principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material
weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as
we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the
supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons
performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and
other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes
those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable
detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles,
and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with
authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance
regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the
possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to
error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any
evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods
are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions,
or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the financial position of Somanetics Corporation as of November 30, 2007 and 2006, and
the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
November 30, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States
of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective
internal control over financial reporting as of November 30, 2007, based on the criteria
established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
| /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP | ||||
| Detroit, Michigan | ||||
| February 6, 2008 | ||||
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
BALANCE SHEETS
| November 30, | ||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
CURRENT ASSETS: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 2) |
$ | 33,172,977 | $ | 28,734,869 | ||||
Marketable securities |
18,978,074 | 20,918,134 | ||||||
Accounts receivable |
7,486,571 | 4,740,043 | ||||||
Inventory (Note 2) |
1,998,284 | 2,172,458 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
560,885 | 494,822 | ||||||
Accrued interest receivable |
551,117 | 351,666 | ||||||
Deferred tax asset — current (Note 5) |
3,069,929 | 2,761,217 | ||||||
Total current assets |
65,817,837 | 60,173,209 | ||||||
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: (Note 2) |
||||||||
Demonstration and no capital cost sales equipment at customers |
3,386,287 | 2,650,939 | ||||||
Machinery and equipment |
1,531,387 | 1,263,015 | ||||||
Furniture and fixtures |
307,919 | 300,037 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
196,700 | 195,565 | ||||||
Total |
5,422,293 | 4,409,556 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(2,931,596 | ) | (2,285,279 | ) | ||||
Net property and equipment |
2,490,697 | 2,124,277 | ||||||
OTHER ASSETS: |
||||||||
Long-term investments |
33,653,099 | 21,917,764 | ||||||
Deferred tax asset — non-current (Note 5) |
3,004,755 | 8,182,783 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net (Note 2) |
3,097 | 10,009 | ||||||
Other |
15,000 | 15,000 | ||||||
Total other assets |
36,675,951 | 30,125,556 | ||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 104,984,485 | $ | 92,423,042 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||||||||
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 1,118,003 | $ | 1,045,727 | ||||
Accrued liabilities (Notes 4 and 6) |
1,701,481 | 1,159,770 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
2,819,484 | 2,205,497 | ||||||
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 6) |
||||||||
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: (Note 3) |
||||||||
Preferred shares; authorized, 1,000,000 shares of $.01 par
value; no shares issued or outstanding |
— | — | ||||||
Common shares; authorized, 20,000,000 shares of $.01 par
value; issued and outstanding, 13,443,961 shares at November 30, 2007,
and 13,163,627 shares at November 30, 2006 |
134,440 | 131,636 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
119,079,383 | 116,817,012 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(17,048,822 | ) | (26,731,103 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders’ equity |
102,165,001 | 90,217,545 | ||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
$ | 104,984,485 | $ | 92,423,042 | ||||
See notes to financial statements
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| For the Years Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
NET REVENUES (Notes 2 and 9) |
$ | 38,585,832 | $ | 28,700,600 | $ | 20,509,252 | ||||||
COST OF SALES |
4,726,146 | 3,565,588 | 2,601,488 | |||||||||
Gross margin |
33,859,686 | 25,135,012 | 17,907,764 | |||||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES: |
||||||||||||
Research, development and engineering
(Note 2) |
668,815 | 1,582,521 | 525,679 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative (Note 2) |
22,269,184 | 16,484,567 | 13,241,053 | |||||||||
Total operating expenses |
22,937,999 | 18,067,088 | 13,766,732 | |||||||||
OPERATING INCOME |
10,921,687 | 7,067,924 | 4,141,032 | |||||||||
OTHER INCOME: |
||||||||||||
Interest income |
4,008,537 | 2,582,033 | 310,055 | |||||||||
Total other income |
4,008,537 | 2,582,033 | 310,055 | |||||||||
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES |
$ | 14,930,224 | $ | 9,649,957 | $ | 4,451,087 | ||||||
INCOME TAX (EXPENSE) BENEFIT (Note 5) |
(5,247,943 | ) | 750,000 | 3,300,000 | ||||||||
NET INCOME |
$ | 9,682,281 | $ | 10,399,957 | $ | 7,751,087 | ||||||
NET INCOME PER COMMON
SHARE — BASIC (Note 2) |
$ | .73 | $ | .83 | $ | .75 | ||||||
NET INCOME PER COMMON
SHARE — DILUTED (Note 2) |
$ | .67 | $ | .75 | $ | .66 | ||||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF
COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING —
BASIC (Note 2) |
13,213,428 | 12,463,075 | 10,322,226 | |||||||||
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF
COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING —
DILUTED (Note 2) |
14,384,445 | 13,824,467 | 11,797,799 | |||||||||
See notes to financial statements
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Additional | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | Share | Paid-In | Accumulated | Shareholders’ | Comprehensive | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Value | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Income | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 1, 2004 |
10,137,782 | $ | 101,378 | $ | 62,333,435 | $ | (44,882,147 | ) | $ | 17,552,666 | ||||||||||||||
For cash, exercise of stock options |
561,839 | 5,618 | 2,520,061 | 2,525,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cashless exercise of warrants |
16,264 | 163 | (163 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Consultant stock option expense |
— | 11,221 | 11,221 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net income and comprehensive income |
— | 7,751,087 | 7,751,087 | $ | 7,751,087 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at November 30, 2005 |
10,715,885 | $ | 107,159 | $ | 64,864,554 | $ | (37,131,060 | ) | $ | 27,840,653 | ||||||||||||||
For cash, less issuance costs of $3,967,226 |
2,300,000 | 23,000 | 51,209,774 | 51,232,774 | ||||||||||||||||||||
For cash, exercise of stock options |
79,742 | 797 | 439,116 | 439,913 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stock compensation expense |
— | 304,248 | 304,248 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted share grant |
68,000 | 680 | (680 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income and comprehensive income |
— | 10,399,957 | 10,399,957 | $ | 10,399,957 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at November 30, 2006 |
13,163,627 | $ | 131,636 | $ | 116,817,012 | $ | (26,731,103 | ) | $ | 90,217,545 | ||||||||||||||
For cash, exercise of stock options |
271,334 | 2,714 | 1,481,153 | 1,483,867 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stock compensation expense |
— | 781,308 | 781,308 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted share grant |
9,000 | 90 | (90 | ) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income and comprehensive income |
— | 9,682,281 | 9,682,281 | $ | 9,682,281 | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance at November 30, 2007 |
13,443,961 | $ | 134,440 | $ | 119,079,383 | $ | (17,048,822 | ) | $ | 102,165,001 | ||||||||||||||
See notes to financial statements
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Years Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 9,682,281 | $ | 10,399,957 | $ | 7,751,087 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided by operations: |
||||||||||||
Income tax expense (benefit) |
5,076,276 | (750,000 | ) | (3,300,000 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
806,034 | 592,061 | 383,986 | |||||||||
Stock compensation expense |
781,308 | 304,248 | 11,221 | |||||||||
Intangible asset impairment |
— | — | 929,093 | |||||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable (increase) |
(2,746,528 | ) | (1,208,303 | ) | (1,509,196 | ) | ||||||
Accrued interest income (increase) |
(199,451 | ) | (351,666 | ) | — | |||||||
Inventory (increase) |
(658,895 | ) | (1,943,049 | ) | (859,312 | ) | ||||||
Deferred income tax benefit (increase) |
(400,960 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses (increase) decrease |
(66,063 | ) | 128,481 | (365,410 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable increase |
72,276 | 332,931 | 183,699 | |||||||||
Accrued liabilities increase (decrease) |
541,711 | (5,825 | ) | 462,485 | ||||||||
Accrued income tax expense (increase) decrease |
194,000 | (194,000 | ) | --_ _ | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
13,081,989 | 7,304,835 | 3,687,653 | |||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of marketable securities and
long-term investments |
(63,795,275 | ) | (47,835,897 | ) | — | |||||||
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities and
long-term investments |
54,000,000 | 5,000,000 | — | |||||||||
Acquisition of property and equipment |
(332,473 | ) | (554,993 | ) | (134,637 | ) | ||||||
Net cash (used in) investing activities |
(10,127,748 | ) | (43,390,890 | ) | (134,637 | ) | ||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common shares |
— | 51,232,774 | — | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common shares due to
exercise of stock options |
1,483,867 | 439,913 | 2,525,679 | |||||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
1,483,867 | 51,672,687 | 2,525,679 | |||||||||
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND
CASH EQUIVALENTS |
4,438,108 | 15,586,632 | 6,078,695 | |||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
BEGINNING OF PERIOD |
28,734,869 | 13,148,237 | 7,069,542 | |||||||||
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS,
END OF PERIOD |
$ | 33,172,977 | $ | 28,734,869 | $ | 13,148,237 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Non cash investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Demonstration and no capital cost sales equipment capitalized
from inventory (Note 2) |
$ | 833,069 | $ | 828,692 | $ | 484,121 | ||||||
Supplemental Disclosure of Taxes paid: |
||||||||||||
Federal and state income taxes (Note 5) |
$ | 572,627 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
See notes to financial statements
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 1. | Organization and Operations |
We are a Michigan corporation that was formed in 1982. We develop, manufacture and market the
INVOS® System, a non-invasive patient monitoring system that continuously measures
changes in blood oxygen levels. The principal markets for our products are the United States,
Europe, and Japan. The INVOS System, based on our In Vivo Optical Spectroscopy, or INVOS,
technology, is used to measure changes in regional blood oxygen saturation in the brain and
elsewhere in the body in somatic, or skeletal muscle, tissue in patients with or at risk for
restricted blood flow. The INVOS System measurement is made by transmitting low-intensity visible
and near-infrared light through a portion of the body with sensors, called SomaSensors, and
detecting the manner in which the exposed substance interacts with light at specific wavelengths.
In September 2000 we received FDA clearance to market our model 5100 INVOS System in the
United States, which has the added capability of being able to monitor pediatric patients. In
November 2005, we received FDA clearance to market the INVOS System to monitor changes in blood
oxygen saturation in skeletal muscle tissue in regions of the body other than the brain in patients
with or at risk for restricted blood flow.
We also develop and market the CorRestore® System, including the CorRestore Patch,
for use in cardiac repair and reconstruction, including heart surgeries called surgical ventricular
restoration, or SVR. In 2000, we entered into a license agreement for specified rights relating to
the CorRestore System and related products and accessories for SVR. In November 2001, we received
clearance from the FDA to market the CorRestore Patch in the United States. Refer to Note 2 for a
discussion of the impairment of the CorRestore license acquisition cost intangible asset and the
impairment of our CorRestore inventory.
| 2. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Cash Equivalents consist of short-term, interest-bearing investments maturing within three
months of our acquisition of them.
Marketable Securities and Long-Term Investments consist of Aaa-rated United States government
agency bonds, classified as held to maturity, maturing approximately twelve months to five years
from the date of acquisition, are stated at an amortized cost of $52,631,173, and have a market
value of $52,785,570 at November 30, 2007.
Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market on a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis.
Inventory consists of:
| November 30, | ||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Purchased components |
$ | 1,702,878 | $ | 1,456,059 | ||||
Finished goods |
174,451 | 610,016 | ||||||
Work in process |
120,955 | 106,383 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 1,998,284 | $ | 2,172,458 | ||||
In November 2007, we wrote off our remaining CorRestore inventory of $180,521, based on the
declining sales of CorRestore products and the uncertainty regarding future sales of these
products.
Property and Equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using
the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from two to ten
years. Depreciation expense was $799,122, $585,149 and $377,074 for the fiscal years ended
November 30, 2007, November 30, 2006 and November 30, 2005, respectively. We offer to our United
States customers a no capital cost sales program whereby we ship the INVOS System monitor to the
customer at no charge. The INVOS System monitors that are shipped to our customers are classified
as no capital cost sales equipment and are depreciated over five years to cost of goods
sold. All other depreciation expense is recorded as a selling, general and administrative
expense. As of November
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
30, 2007, we have capitalized $3,386,287 in costs for INVOS System
monitors being used as demonstration and no capital cost sales equipment, and these assets had a
net book value of $1,801,702. As of November 30, 2006, we have capitalized $2,650,939 in costs for
INVOS System monitors being used as demonstration and no capital cost sales equipment, and these
assets had a net book value of $1,529,946. Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the net book value of the asset may not
be recovered.
Intangible Assets consist of patents and trademarks. Patents and trademarks are recorded at
cost and are being amortized on the straight-line method over 17 years. The carrying amount and
accumulated amortization of these patents and trademarks are as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Patents and trademarks |
$ | 111,733 | $ | 111,733 | ||||
Less: accumulated amortization |
(108,636 | ) | (101,724 | ) | ||||
Total |
$ | 3,097 | $ | 10,009 | ||||
Amortization expense was $6,912 for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2007, November 30,
2006, and November 30, 2005. Amortization expense for fiscal 2008 is expected to be approximately
$3,100.
In November 2005, we wrote off the remaining CorRestore license acquisition cost intangible
asset, based on the cash flow impairment analysis that was performed, the declining sales of
CorRestore products and the uncertainty regarding future prospective, randomized clinical data.
Management does not expect net positive future cash flow from the CorRestore product. This
impairment expense has been recognized in selling, general and administrative expenses in the
financial statements.
Revenue Recognition occurs for our products when there is persuasive evidence of an
arrangement with the customer, the product has been delivered, the sales price is fixed or
determinable, and collectibility is reasonably assured. The product is considered delivered to the
customer once we have shipped it, as this is when title and risk of loss have transferred. We have
considered Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 and Emerging Issues Task Force No. 00-21, “Revenue
Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” in determining our revenue recognition policy.
Research, Development and Engineering costs are expensed as incurred.
Net Income Per Common Share — basic and diluted is computed using the weighted average number
of common shares outstanding during each period. Weighted average shares outstanding — diluted,
for the years ended November 30, 2007, November 30, 2006 and November 30, 2005, includes the
potential dilution that could occur for common shares issuable under stock options or warrants. As
of November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the difference between weighted average shares — diluted and
weighted average shares — basic is calculated as follows:
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Weighted average shares — basic |
13,213,428 | 12,463,075 | 10,322,226 | |||||||||
Add: effect of dilutive common
shares and warrants |
1,171,017 | 1,361,392 | 1,475,573 | |||||||||
Weighted average shares — diluted |
14,384,445 | 13,824,467 | 11,797,799 | |||||||||
At November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005, there were no stock options outstanding that were
excluded from the computation of net income per common share — diluted. In addition, at November
30, 2005 there were approximately 2,100,000 warrants outstanding that were excluded from the
computation, as the warrants were contingent on achieving specified future sales targets that we
did not expect to achieve. These warrants expired unexercised in November 2006. As of November
30, 2007, we had outstanding 1,895,656 options to purchase
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NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
common shares, as of November 30, 2006, we had outstanding 2,071,990 options to purchase
common shares, and as of November 30, 2005, we had outstanding 4,014,232 warrants and options to
purchase common shares.
Accounting Pronouncements In July 2006, the FASB adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48
“Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold
and requires an assessment of the probability of the validity of tax positions taken or expected to
be taken in income tax returns for recognition in financial statements. Only tax positions meeting
a “more-likely-than-not” threshold of being sustained are recognized under FIN 48. FIN 48 also
provides guidance on classification of interest and penalties and accounting and disclosures for
annual and interim financial statements. FIN 48 is effective for our fiscal year beginning
December 1, 2007. The cumulative effect of the changes arising from the initial application of FIN
48 is required to be reported as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the
period of adoption. We do not expect the adoption of FIN 48 will have a material impact on our
financial statements.
Use Of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted
accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported
amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses for each fiscal period. Actual results could differ from
those estimated.
| 3. | Stock Offerings and Common Shares |
Pursuant to the CorRestore License Agreement, CorRestore, LLC and its agent, Joe B. Wolfe,
received warrants to purchase 400,000 common shares exercisable at $3.00 per share until June 2,
2005, and received warrants to purchase an additional 2,100,000 common shares exercisable at $3.00
per share until November 21, 2006, dependent upon our cumulative net sales of CorRestore products.
In April 2004, CorRestore LLC exercised its warrant to purchase 380,000 of our newly-issued common
shares, at $3.00 per share, for proceeds of $1,140,000. In May 2005, Joe B. Wolfe, agent for
CorRestore LLC and one of our former directors, purchased 20,000 common shares under his warrants
by a cashless exercise. As a result of this cashless exercise, we issued 16,264 common shares to
Mr. Wolfe, retaining 3,736 common shares in payment of the exercise price. In November 2006, the
2,100,000 warrants expired unexercised because cumulative net sales of the CorRestore System
products did not meet the requirements for exercise of these warrants.
On March 6, 2006, we completed a public offering of 2,300,000 of our newly-issued common
shares at a public offering price of $24.00 per share. The net proceeds, after deducting the
underwriting discount and the expense of the offering, were $51,232,774.
During fiscal 2007, we issued 271,334 common shares as a result of stock option exercises by
our employees, a former director and a consultant, for proceeds of $1,483,867. During fiscal 2006,
we issued 79,742 common shares as a result of stock option exercises by employees and a former
director, for proceeds of $439,913. During fiscal 2005, we issued 561,839 common shares as a
result of stock option exercises by employees, directors and former employees, for proceeds of
$2,525,679.
Common shares reserved for future issuance upon exercise of stock options and warrants as
discussed above at November 30, 2007, are as follows:
1991 Incentive Stock Option Plan |
14,663 | |||
1997 Stock Option Plan |
1,378,777 | |||
2005 Stock Incentive Plan |
1,121,500 | |||
Options Granted Independent of Option Plans |
70,000 | |||
Total shares reserved for future issuance |
2,584,940 | |||
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NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| 4. | Accrued Liabilities |
Accrued liabilities consist of the following:
| November 30, | ||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Incentive Compensation |
$ | 958,642 | $ | 495,014 | ||||
Sales Commissions |
548,046 | 277,521 | ||||||
Clinical Research |
110,639 | 60,005 | ||||||
Professional Fees |
61,550 | 22,053 | ||||||
Warranty |
19,800 | 19,900 | ||||||
Royalty |
2,804 | 11,473 | ||||||
Taxes |
— | 228,085 | ||||||
401(k) Match |
— | 45,719 | ||||||
Total |
$ | 1,701,481 | $ | 1,159,770 | ||||
| 5. | Income Taxes |
Deferred income taxes reflect the estimated future tax effect of (1) temporary differences
between the amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as
measured by tax laws and regulations and (2) net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Our
deferred tax assets primarily represent the tax benefit of net operating loss carryforwards and
research and general business tax credit carryforwards. We had deferred tax assets of
approximately $12,099,000 as of November 30, 2007, which include approximately $6,024,000 related
to the exercise of stock options, which will not be recognized as deferred tax assets on our
balance sheet until such time as they are utilized and reduce current taxes payable. If realized
in the future, these tax benefits will be recognized in additional paid in capital. The change in
the valuation related to future stock option tax benefits is attributable to current year tax
deductions from stock options exercised. We had deferred tax assets of approximately $15,734,000
as of November 30, 2006, which include approximately $4,790,000 related to the exercise of stock
options, as described above. We have used a statutory federal income tax rate of 34 percent when
calculating our deferred tax assets. We paid income taxes in fiscal 2007 of approximately $401,000
for alternative minimum tax due, and paid no income taxes in fiscal 2006 and 2005. The amounts
paid for alternative minimum tax in fiscal 2007 have been recorded as tax credit carryforward
deferred tax assets on our balance sheet, as shown below.
The components of deferred income tax assets as of November 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:
| November 30, | ||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
$ | 11,037 | $ | 14,834 | ||||
Other |
434 | 150 | ||||||
Basis difference of fixed assets and intangibles |
51 | 113 | ||||||
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward |
401 | 194 | ||||||
Research and general business tax credit carryforwards |
176 | 443 | ||||||
Subtotal |
12,099 | 15,734 | ||||||
Reduction for future stock option tax benefits valuation |
(6,024 | ) | (4,790 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax asset |
$ | 6,075 | $ | 10,944 | ||||
The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the federal statutory
rate and the provision for income taxes are as follows:
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NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Taxes at U.S. statutory rate — 34 percent |
$ | 5,076,276 | $ | 3,280,985 | $ | 1,513,370 | ||||||
State and local income taxes |
122,347 | — | — | |||||||||
Nondeductible meals and entertainment |
49,320 | 37,628 | 24,050 | |||||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
— | (4,068,613 | ) | (4,837,420 | ) | |||||||
Income tax (benefit) from
continuing operations |
$ | 5,247,943 | $ | (750,000 | ) | $ | (3,300,000 | ) | ||||
Effective tax rate |
35.1 | % | (7.8 | )% | (74.1 | )% | ||||||
The components of current and deferred federal and state income tax expense and benefit are as follows:
| For the Fiscal Year Ended November 30, | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||
Federal income tax expense (benefit) — current |
$ | 206,960 | $ | 194,000 | $ | — | ||||||
Federal income tax expense (benefit) — deferred |
4,891,042 | (944,000 | ) | (3,300,000 | ) | |||||||
State income tax expense (benefit) — current |
122,347 | — | — | |||||||||
State income tax expense (benefit) — deferred |
27,594 | — | — | |||||||||
Income tax (benefit) from
continuing operations |
$ | 5,247,943 | $ | (750,000 | ) | $ | (3,300,000 | ) | ||||
We have performed the required assessment of positive and negative evidence regarding
realization of our deferred tax assets in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income
Taxes,” including our past operating results, the existence of cumulative losses over our history
up to the most recent five fiscal years, and our forecast for future net income. Our assessment of
our deferred tax assets included assuming that the net asset will be realized is that our net
revenues and pre-tax income will grow in future years consistent with the growth guidance given for
fiscal 2008 and making allowance for the uncertainties surrounding, among other things, our future
rate of growth in net revenues, the rate of adoption of our products in the marketplace, and the
potential for competition to enter the marketplace. As of November 30, 2007, we have concluded
that it is more likely than not that approximately $6,075,000 of our net deferred tax assets will
be realized. The remaining tax benefits of $6,024,000 relating to stock option exercises will not
be recognized on our financial statements until they reduce current taxes payable. The benefit,
when recognized, will increase additional paid in capital.
For fiscal 2006 and 2005, the reversal of our valuation allowance was net of recorded taxes.
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006, we recorded a net income tax benefit of $750,000,
which consisted of income tax expense recorded at an estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent in
the amount of $2,604,663 for the first three quarters of fiscal 2006 and a net deferred tax benefit
of $3,354,663 recorded in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006. For the fiscal year ended November
30, 2005, we recorded a net income tax benefit of $3,300,000, which consisted of income tax expense
recorded at an estimated effective tax rate of 34 percent in the amount of $1,261,223 for the first
three quarters of fiscal 2005 and a net deferred tax benefit of $4,561,223 recorded in the fourth
quarter of fiscal 2005.
As of November 30, 2007, net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $31.9 million were
available for Federal income tax purposes for future years. Research and business general tax
credits of approximately $176,000 are also available to offset future taxes, and alternative
minimum tax credits of approximately $401,000 are also available to offset future taxes. These
losses and credits expire, if unused, at various dates from 2008 through 2025. Some of our
research tax credits are not expected to be utilized prior to expiration and, thus, have a
valuation allowance.
Use of our net operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards and certain future
deductions could be restricted, in the event of future changes in our equity structure, by
provisions contained in the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
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NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
| 6. | Commitments and Contingencies |
We have a lease agreement for a 23,392 square foot, stand-alone office, assembly and warehouse
facility. The current lease, as amended, expires December 31, 2009.
Operating lease expense for the years ended November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was approximately
$164,300, $163,300, and $162,800, respectively. Approximate future minimum lease commitments are
as follows:
| Year ending November 30, | ||||
2008 |
$ | 145,800 | ||
2009 |
148,700 | |||
2010 |
12,400 | |||
Total |
$ | 306,900 | ||
We have executed purchase orders for inventory components representing purchase obligations of
approximately $4,932,000 as of November 30, 2007.
In December 1991, we amended and restated our profit sharing plan to include a 401(k) plan
covering substantially all employees. Under provisions of the plan, participants may contribute,
annually, between 1 percent and 25 percent of their compensation. In November 2004, our board of
directors approved a discretionary contribution to the 401(k) Plan, as soon as practicable after
December 31, 2004, equal to $2 for every $1 contributed by Company employees to the 401(k) Plan
during calendar 2004, up to a Company contribution of 4 percent of the employee’s compensation, and
also approved matching contributions to the 401(k) Plan equal to $2 for every $1 contributed by
Company employees to the 401(k) Plan at each payroll date on or after January 1, 2005, up to a
Company contribution of 4 percent of the employee’s compensation, and continuing until terminated
by further action of the board of directors. In addition, at the discretion of the board of
directors, we may make other annual discretionary contributions to the plan. Matching
contributions made for fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 were approximately $338,000, $215,000 and
$202,000, respectively. The discretionary contribution made in February 2005, for calendar 2004,
was approximately $113,000.
As of November 30, 2007, we have employment agreements or change in control, invention,
confidentiality, non-compete and non-solicitation agreements with all of our officers. The
employment agreement with our Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing and the change in control
agreements with seven of our officers provide for severance benefits equal to one year’s salary
upon termination of employment without cause or for good reason 90 days before to one year after a
change in control of the Company that occurs by June 13, 2008 for four officers, June 29, 2008 for
one officer, December 15, 2009 for one officer, and October 8, 2010 for one officer. In addition,
on April 19, 2006, we amended and restated the employment agreement with our President and Chief
Executive Officer that was scheduled to expire on April 30, 2006. The amended and restated
agreement provides for severance benefits consisting of fringe benefits for one year, a lump sum
payment equal to one year’s salary plus the target bonus for the year of termination (which must be
at least 65% of his salary), plus a pro rata bonus through the date of termination, plus an amount
equal to the cost of his automobile, cellular phone and Internet access for one year upon
termination of his employment without cause or for good reason or if his employment terminates
because his agreement expires. His amended and restated employment agreement expires April 30,
2009 unless earlier terminated as provided in the agreement. All officers have agreed not to
compete with us and not to solicit our employees during specified periods following the termination
of employment, and they have agreed to various confidentiality and assignment of invention
obligations. The estimated financial exposure of these agreements, upon a change of control of the
Company and termination of all of the officers without cause, is approximately $1,579,000.
We entered into a Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement with NeuroPhysics
Corporation as of September 18, 2006. The agreement provides us with feasibility research,
contract development and consulting services and certain ownership and licensing rights, subject to
the rights of the United States Federal government, to intellectual property and technical
knowledge associated with several novel near-infrared spectroscopy, or “NIRS”, and imaging
technologies and products under development at NeuroPhysics. We paid an initial license fee of
$1,000,000 and have agreed to pay monthly license fees of up to $30,000 a month (depending
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NOTES
TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
on which projects are continuing under development at NeuroPhysics at the time) for products
continuing under development at NeuroPhysics beginning April 1, 2008 and a royalty on future sales
of the new products.
We may become subject to product liability claims by patients or physicians, and may become a
defendant in product liability or malpractice litigation. We have obtained product liability
insurance and an umbrella policy. We might not be able to maintain such insurance or such
insurance might not be sufficient to protect us against product liability.
7. Stock Option Plans
In February 1991 and January 1997, we adopted stock option plans, and in February 2005, we
adopted a stock incentive plan, for our key employees, directors, consultants and advisors and,
under the 2005 plan, independent contractors and agents. On April 19, 2007, our shareholders
approved an amendment to the Somanetics Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan to increase the
number of common shares reserved for issuance under the 2005 Plan.
The stock option plans provided for our issuance of options to purchase a maximum of 115,000
common shares under the 1991 plan and 2,560,000 common shares under the 1997 plan. The 2005 plan
permits us to grant stock options, including both nonqualified options and incentive options,
restricted stock and restricted stock units, up to 1,200,000 common shares. In addition, we
granted options to employees independent of the plans. Options granted generally have a 10-year
life, and vest over a three-year period, except the options granted in fiscal 2005 vested on
November 30, 2005 and the options and restricted stock granted in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2007 vest
over a five-year period. Awards and expirations under the 1991 plan, 1997 plan, 2005 plan and
independent of the plans during the years ended November 30, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are listed below.
At November 30, 2007, no additional options may be granted under the 1991 plan or the 1997
plan, and 689,284 common shares were available to be granted or awarded under the 2005 plan.
In October 1995, SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” was issued. In
December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards No. 123 (revised), Share Based Payment. This Statement revises Statement No. 123,
“Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” and requires that compensation costs related to
share-based payment transactions, including stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock
units be recognized in the financial statements. This Statement was effective for our fiscal
quarter beginning December 1, 2005. We adopted this Statement for fiscal 2006 using a modified
prospective application and, accordingly, prior period amounts have not been restated.
We previously accounted for stock-based compensation of employees using the intrinsic value
method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees,” and related interpretations. Accordingly, compensation costs for stock options granted
to employees were measured as the excess, if any, of the market price of our stock at the date of
the grant over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. No compensation expense has
been charged against income for stock option grants to employees for fiscal 2005. Stock-based
compensation of consultants and advisors was determined based on the fair value of the options or
warrants on the grant date pursuant to the methodology of SFAS No. 123, estimated using the
Black-Scholes model with the assumptions described below. The resulting amount was recognized as
compensation expense and an increase in additional paid-in capital over the vesting period of the
options or warrants. As a result, we recorded $11,221 of compensation expense, and an equal
increase in additional paid in capital, for stock options issued to non-employees in fiscal 2005.
In November 2005, we approved the acceleration of vesting of all unvested stock options as of
November 30, 2005. The primary purpose of this accelerated vesting was to eliminate compensation
expense we would recognize in our results of operations upon the adoption of SFAS 123R, which is
effective for our fiscal quarter beginning December 1, 2005. After the effects of the accelerated
vesting, the initial adoption of SFAS 123R was immaterial with respect to options granted before
December 1, 2005. However, the issuance of additional stock compensation under the 2005 Stock
Incentive Plan in fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2007 had an additional impact on our financial statements.
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
On November 10, 2005, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued FASB Staff
Position (“FSP”) No. FAS 123(R)-3, “Transition Election Related to Accounting for Tax Effects of
Share-Based Payment Awards” (“FSP 123R-3”). FSP 123R-3 provides for an alternative transition
method for establishing the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (“APIC pool”)
related to the tax effects of employee share-based compensation, which is available to absorb tax
deficiencies recognized subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R. We have elected to adopt this
alternative transition method, otherwise known as the “simplified method,” in establishing our
beginning APIC pool at November 30, 2006.
During fiscal 2007, we granted 96,000 stock options to our employees, directors and one of our
officers, at the market price on the date of grant, and during fiscal 2006, we granted 239,000
stock options to our officers, employees, directors and one of our consultants, at the market price
on the date of grant. During fiscal 2007, we also issued 9,000 restricted common shares to one of
our officers at the market price on the date of grant of $18.93, and during fiscal 2006, we issued
68,000 restricted common shares to our officers at the market price on the date of grant of $18.06.
These stock options and restricted shares vest and are expensed in the financial statements over
five years. During fiscal 2007, 47,800 stock options and 13,600 restricted common shares vested,
and no stock options or restricted common shares vested during fiscal 2006. As a result of the
stock options and restricted common shares that we granted during fiscal 2006 and fiscal 2007, we
have recorded $781,308 in stock compensation expense in fiscal 2007 in accordance with SFAS No. 123
(R). As a result of the stock options and restricted common shares that we granted during fiscal
2006, we recorded $304,248 in stock compensation expense in fiscal 2006 in accordance with SFAS No.
123(R).
As of November 30, 2007, there was $3,606,518 of total unrecognized compensation cost related
to nonvested share-based compensation awards granted under the 2005 Plan. That cost is expected to
be recognized over a weighted average period of 4 years. As of November 30, 2006, there was
$3,260,855 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation
awards granted under the 2005 Plan. That cost was expected to be recognized over a weighted
average period of 4.5 years.
Had compensation expense for our stock options granted to employees been determined based on
the fair value of the options on the grant date pursuant to the methodology of SFAS No. 123 in
fiscal 2005, our results of operations on a pro forma basis would have been as follows:
| For the Fiscal | ||||
| Year Ended | ||||
| November 30, | ||||
| 2005 | ||||
Net income |
$ | 7,751,087 | ||
Add: Stock-based employee compensation
included in actual net income |
$ | 11,221 | ||
Deduct: Total stock-based employee
compensation, had fair value method been
applied |
$ | (1,804,000 | ) | |
Pro-forma net income |
$ | 5,958,308 | ||
Net income per common share — basic |
$ | .75 | ||
Net income per common share — diluted |
$ | .66 | ||
Pro-forma net income per common
share — basic, had fair value method been
applied |
$ | .58 | ||
Pro-forma net income per common
share — diluted, had fair value method been
applied |
$ | .51 | ||
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for 2007, 2006 and 2005:
expected volatility (the measure by which the stock price has fluctuated or is expected to
fluctuate during the period) 47.00 percent for 2007 (54.00 percent for 2006 and 57.00 percent for
2005), risk-free interest rate (approximate U.S. Treasury yield in effect at the time of grant) 5.0
percent for 2007 (5.0 percent for 2006 and 4.0 percent for 2005), expected lives of 6
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NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
years for
2007 (6 years for 2006 and 7 years for 2005) and dividend yield of 0 percent. The fair value of
restricted common shares was estimated based on the market value of the common shares on the date
of issuance.
A summary of our stock option activity and related information for the years ended November
30, 2007, 2006 and 2005 is as follows:
| 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average | Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | Exercise | Common | Exercise | Common | Exercise | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Price | Shares | Price | Shares | Price | |||||||||||||||||||
Options outstanding
December 1, |
2,071,990 | $ | 6.01 | 1,914,232 | $ | 4.59 | 2,316,315 | $ | 3.83 | |||||||||||||||
Options granted |
96,000 | 19.25 | 239,000 | 17.30 | 168,257 | 13.79 | ||||||||||||||||||
Options exercised |
(271,334 | ) | 5.47 | (79,742 | ) | 5.52 | (561,839 | ) | 4.50 | |||||||||||||||
Options canceled |
(1,000 | ) | 18.85 | (1,500 | ) | 17.56 | (8,501 | ) | 8.29 | |||||||||||||||
Options outstanding
November 30, |
1,895,656 | 6.75 | 2,071,990 | 6.01 | 1,914,232 | 4.59 | ||||||||||||||||||
Options exercisable
November 30, |
1,609,456 | $ | 4.76 | 1,832,990 | $ | 4.53 | 1,914,232 | $ | 4.59 | |||||||||||||||
As of November 30, 2007, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was
$25,136,399, and the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable was $24,544,204, and as
of November 30, 2006, the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $27,743,946,
and the aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercisable was $27,256,561. The total
intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $3,707,681, $1,188,554
and $10,245,571, respectively.
A summary of the price ranges of our stock options outstanding and exercisable as of November
30, 2007 is as follows:
| Options outstanding | Options exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | Weighted | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | Average | Average | Average | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Options | Exercise | Remaining | Options | Exercise | Remaining | |||||||||||||||||||
| Range of Exercise Prices | Outstanding | Price | Life (years) | Exercisable | Price | Life (years) | ||||||||||||||||||
$1.70 — $5.00 |
1,305,597 | $ | 2.99 | 4.07 | 1,305,597 | $ | 2.99 | 4.07 | ||||||||||||||||
$5.01 — $10.00 |
71,298 | 5.87 | .33 | 71,298 | 5.87 | .33 | ||||||||||||||||||
$10.01 — $18.06 |
518,761 | 16.33 | 8.35 | 232,561 | 14.33 | 7.70 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total |
1,895,656 | $ | 6.75 | 5.10 | 1,609,456 | $ | 4.76 | 4.43 | ||||||||||||||||
The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during fiscal 2007, 2006 and
2005 was $9.97, $9.78 and $8.41, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during fiscal
2007, 2006 and 2005 was $713,021, $0 and $2,596,945, respectively. No modifications were made to
any share awards that required an accounting charge, and no cash was paid for share-based
liabilities during fiscal 2007, 2006 and 2005.
8. Related Party Transactions
In connection with our CorRestore license, effective November 21, 2001, we granted Joe B.
Wolfe five-year warrants to purchase 180,000 common shares, exercisable at $3.00 per share. Mr.
Joe B. Wolfe was one of our then current directors. In May 2005, Joe B. Wolfe, agent for
CorRestore LLC and one of our former directors, purchased 20,000 common shares under his warrants
by a cashless exercise. As a result of this cashless exercise, we
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SOMANETICS CORPORATION
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS — (Continued)
issued 16,264 common shares to
Mr. Wolfe, retaining 3,736 common shares in payment of the exercise price. Mr. Wolfe has no vested
warrants remaining to purchase common shares.
9. Major Customers and Foreign Sales
Covidien, formerly Tyco Healthcare, our international distributor in Europe, the Middle East,
South Africa and Canada for our INVOS System, accounted for 13 percent of net revenues for the
fiscal year ended November 30, 2007, 15 percent of net revenues for the fiscal year ended November
30, 2006 and 11 percent of net revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2005.
Additionally, foreign net revenues for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2007 were
$7,024,902, for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2006 were $5,424,536, and for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2005 were $3,303,692.
10. Segment Information
We operate our business in one reportable segment, the development, manufacture and marketing of
medical devices. Each of our two product lines have similar characteristics, customers,
distribution and marketing strategies, and are subject to similar regulatory requirements. In
addition, in making operating and strategic decisions, our management evaluates net revenues based
on the worldwide net revenues of each major product line, and profitability on an enterprise-wide
basis due to shared costs. Approximately 100 percent of our net revenues in fiscal 2007 were
derived from our INVOS System product line, compared to 99 percent of our net revenues in fiscal
2006 and 98 percent of our net revenues in fiscal 2005.
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QUARTERLY INFORMATION (unaudited)
The following is a summary of our quarterly operating results for the fiscal years ended
November 30, 2007 and 2006:
| Quarter | ||||||||||||||||
| First | Second | Third | Fourth | |||||||||||||
Year Ended November 30, 2007 |
||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
$ | 8,024,872 | $ | 9,122,178 | $ | 10,163,509 | $ | 11,275,273 | ||||||||
Gross margin |
7,023,149 | 8,075,061 | 8,825,091 | 9,936,385 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
1,683,551 | 2,406,456 | 2,792,689 | 2,799,585 | ||||||||||||
Net income per common
share — basic |
$ | 0.13 | $ | 0.18 | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.21 | ||||||||
Net income per common
share — diluted |
$ | 0.12 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 0.19 | $ | 0.19 | ||||||||
Year Ended November 30, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||
Net revenues |
$ | 5,753,715 | $ | 7,394,857 | $ | 7,867,739 | $ | 7,684,289 | ||||||||
Gross margin |
5,043,216 | 6,470,360 | 6,785,849 | 6,835,587 | ||||||||||||
Net income |
988,287 | 2,174,452 | 1,893,371 | 5,343,847 | * | |||||||||||
Net income per common
share — basic |
$ | 0.09 | $ | 0.17 | $ | 0.14 | $ | 0.41 | ||||||||
Net income per common
share — diluted |
$ | 0.08 | $ | 0.15 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.37 | ||||||||
| * | Includes the effects of a net reversal of $3,354,663 of our valuation allowance, as described in Note 5 of Notes to Financial Statements. Also includes a research and development expense of $1,000,000 in connection with the Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement we entered into with NeuroPhysics Corporation, as described in Note 6 of Notes to Financial Statements. |
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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our management has evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive and principal
financial officers, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and of our internal
control over financial reporting, both as of November 30, 2007. Based on their evaluation, our
principal executive and principal financial officers have concluded that these controls and
procedures are effective as of November 30, 2007. See Item 8 of this report for Management’s
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and our Independent Registered Public
Accounting Firm’s Report, which are incorporated in this Item 9A by reference. There was no change
in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with such evaluation that
occurred during our fourth fiscal quarter ended November 30, 2007 that has materially affected, or
is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Disclosure controls and procedures are our controls and other procedures that are designed to
ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under
the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified
in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures
include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required
to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated
and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial
officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision
of, our principal executive and principal financial officers, and effected by our board of
directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies
and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail
accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of assets, (2) provide reasonable
assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures
are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors, and (3) and
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition,
use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item 10 regarding our executive officers is included in the
Supplemental Item in Part I of this report, and is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference. The
information required by this Item 10 regarding our directors will be set forth under the captions
“Election of Directors” and “Biographical Information” in our Proxy Statement in connection with
the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in
this Item 10 by reference. The information required by this Item 10 concerning compliance with
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 will be set forth under the caption “Section
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this
Item 10 by reference.
The information required by this Item 10 concerning our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
will be set forth under the caption “Code of Business Conduct and Ethics” in our Proxy Statement in
connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is
incorporated in this Item 10 by reference. The information required by this Item 10 concerning the
procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our board of directors will be set
forth under the caption “Corporate Governance — Nominating Committee” in our Proxy Statement in
connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is
incorporated in this Item 10 by reference. The information required by this Item 10 concerning our
Audit Committee and our Audit Committee financial experts will be set forth under the caption
“Corporate Governance — Audit Committee” and “Corporate Governance — Audit Committee Financial
Expert” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled
to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this Item 10 by reference.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item 11 concerning executive compensation will be set forth
under the caption “Executive Compensation” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this
Item 11 by reference. The information required by this Item 11 concerning Compensation Committee
Interlocks and Insider Participation will be set forth under the caption “Corporate Governance —
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our Proxy Statement in connection
with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is
incorporated in this Item 11 by reference. The information required by this Item 11 concerning the
Compensation Committee Report will be set forth under the caption “Corporate Governance —
Compensation Committee Report” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this Item 11 by reference.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER
MATTERS
The information required by this Item 12 concerning security ownership of certain beneficial
owners and management will be set forth under the captions “Voting Securities and Principal Holders
— Principal Holders of Our Voting Securities” and “Election of Directors” in our Proxy Statement
in connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and
is incorporated in this Item 12 by reference. The equity compensation plan information required by
this Item 12 will be set forth under the caption “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our
Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held
April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this Item 12 by reference.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item 13 concerning transactions with related persons, if any,
will be set forth under the caption “Certain Transactions” or “Compensation Committee Interlocks
and Insider Participation” and under the caption “Review, Approval or Ratification of Transactions
with Related Persons” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the 2008 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in this Item 13 by reference.
The information required by this Item 13 concerning director
68
Table of Contents
independence will be set forth under
the caption “Corporate Governance — Independence” in our Proxy Statement in connection with the
2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is incorporated in
this Item 13 by reference.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Item 14 concerning principal accountant fees and services
will be set forth under the caption “Independent Accountants” in our Proxy Statement in connection
with the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders scheduled to be held April 10, 2008, and is
incorporated in this Item 14 by reference.
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PART IV
ITEM 15 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)
|
(1 | ) | Financial Statements | |||||
| Our financial statements for the following years are included in response to Item 8 of this report: | ||||||||
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | ||||||||
| Balance Sheets — November 30, 2007 and 2006 | ||||||||
| Statements of Operations — For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended November 30, 2007 | ||||||||
| Statements of Shareholders’ Equity — For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended November 30, 2007 | ||||||||
| Statements of Cash Flows — For Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended November 30, 2007 | ||||||||
| Notes to Financial Statements | ||||||||
| (2 | ) | Financial Statement Schedules | ||||||
| None. | ||||||||
| (3 | ) | Exhibits | ||||||
| The Exhibits to this report are as set forth in the “Exhibit Index” on pages 72 to 74 of this report. Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement filed as an exhibit to this report is identified in the “Index to Exhibits” with an asterisk before the exhibit number. | ||||||||
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
| Somanetics Corporation |
||||
| Date: February 5, 2008 | By: | /s/ Bruce J. Barrett | ||
| Bruce J. Barrett | ||||
| President & Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ BRUCE J. BARRETT
|
President and Chief Executive Officer and a Director | February 5, 2008 | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
/s/ WILLIAM M. IACONA
|
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, | February 5, 2008 | ||
| Controller, and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
||||
/s/ JAMES I. AUSMAN
|
Director | February 4, 2008 | ||
/s/ DANIEL S. FOLLIS
|
Director | February 4, 2008 | ||
/s/ ROBERT R. HENRY
|
Director | February 4, 2008 | ||
/s/ JOHN P. JUMPER
|
Director | February 4, 2008 | ||
/s/ RICHARD R. SORENSEN
|
Director | February 4, 2008 | ||
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | Description | |
3(i)
|
Restated Articles of Incorporation of Somanetics Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 1998. | |
3(ii)
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Somanetics Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 2, 2007 and filed November 5, 2007. | |
10.1
|
Lease Agreement, dated September 10, 1991, between Somanetics Corporation and WS Development Company, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 1991. | |
10.2
|
Extension of Lease, between Somanetics Corporation and WS Development Company, dated July 22, 1994, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 1994. | |
10.3
|
Change in ownership of Lease Agreement for 1653 E. Maple Road, Troy, MI 48083, dated September 12, 1994, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial, L.P., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 1994. | |
10.4
|
Second Addendum, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial Mortgage Partnership, L.P., dated April 14, 1997, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 1997. | |
10.5
|
Third Amendment, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial Mortgage Partnership, L.P., dated April 23, 1999, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 1999. | |
10.6
|
Fourth Amendment, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial Mortgage Partnership, L.P., dated April 13, 2000, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2000. | |
10.7
|
Fifth Amendment, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial Mortgage Partnership, L.P., dated January 22, 2003, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2002. | |
10.8
|
Sixth Amendment, between Somanetics Corporation and First Industrial Mortgage Partnership, L.P., dated April 21, 2004, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2004. | |
*10.9
|
Somanetics Corporation Amended and Restated 1991 Incentive Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1991. | |
*10.10
|
Fourth Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1991 Incentive Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1992. | |
*10.11
|
Amended and Restated Fifth Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1991 Incentive Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1995. | |
*10.12
|
Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1996. | |
*10.13
|
First Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1997. | |
*10.14
|
Second Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1998. |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | Description | |
*10.15
|
Third Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1999. | |
*10.16
|
Fourth Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2000. | |
*10.17
|
Fifth Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2002. | |
*10.18
|
Sixth Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2002. | |
*10.19
|
Somanetics Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 24, 2005 | |
*10.20
|
First Amendment to Somanetics Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 17, 2007 and filed January 23, 2007. | |
*10.21
|
Somanetics Corporation 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 24, 2006 and filed March 30, 2006. | |
*10.22
|
Summary of Dominic Spadafore Fiscal 2006 Commission Arrangement, incorporated by reference to the last two paragraphs of Item 1.01 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 24, 2006 and filed March 30, 2006. | |
*10.23
|
Somanetics Corporation 2007 Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 17, 2007 and filed January 23, 2007. | |
*10.24
|
Summary of Dominic Spadafore Fiscal 2007 Commission Arrangement, incorporated by reference to the two paragraphs under the heading “2007 Sales Commission Arrangement for Dominic Spadafore” in Item 5.02 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 17, 2007 and filed January 23, 2007. | |
*10.25
|
Somanetics Corporation 2008 Executive Officer Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 17, 2007 and filed December 18, 2007. | |
*10.26
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Somanetics Corporation and Bruce J. Barrett, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated April 19, 2006 and filed April 24, 2006. | |
*10.27
|
Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between Somanetics Corporation and Dominic J. Spadafore, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 13, 2005 and filed June 14, 2005. | |
*10.28
|
Form of Change in Control, Invention, Confidentiality, Non-Compete and Non-Solicitation Agreement, between Somanetics Corporation and five officers, dated as of June 13, 2005, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 13, 2005 and filed June 14, 2005. | |
*10.29
|
Form of Director Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. | |
*10.30
|
Form of Officer Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. | |
*10.31
|
Form of Employee Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. | |
*10.32
|
Form of Incentive Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2004. |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | Description | |
*10.33
|
Form of 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Incentive Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005. | |
*10.34
|
Form of 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Officer Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005. | |
*10.35
|
Form of 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Non-Officer Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005. | |
*10.36
|
Form of 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Director Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2005. | |
*10.37
|
Form of Restricted Stock Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 29, 2006 and filed July 5, 2006. | |
*10.38
|
Stock Option Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2002, between Somanetics Corporation and Dominic J. Spadafore, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2002. | |
*10.39
|
Summary of Outside Director Compensation, incorporated by reference to Item 1.01 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 29, 2006 and filed July 5, 2006. | |
10.40
|
Contract Development and Exclusive Licensing Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2006, among Somanetics Corporation, NeuroPhysics Corporation, Hugh F. Stoddart, and Hugh A. Stoddart, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 18, 2006 and filed September 20, 2006. | |
10.41
|
Current Form of Somanetics Corporation Confidentiality Agreement used for testing hospitals and clinics, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1992. | |
10.42
|
Current Form of Somanetics Corporation Confidentiality Agreement used for the Company’s employees and agents, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 1992. | |
10.43
|
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 9, 2001, among Somanetics Corporation and the selling shareholders, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Somanetics Corporation Registration Statement on Form S-3 (file no. 333-59376) filed April 23, 2001 and effective May 3, 2001. | |
10.44
|
License Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2000, among Somanetics Corporation, CorRestore LLC, Constantine L. Athanasuleas, M.D. and Gerald D. Buckberg, M.D., including forms of warrants from Somanetics Corporation to CorRestore LLC and Joe B. Wolfe, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended May 31, 2000. | |
10.45
|
Amendment No. 1 to License Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2002, among Somanetics Corporation, CorRestore LLC, Constantine L. Athanasuleas, M.D., and Gerald D. Buckberg, M.D., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended August 31, 2002. | |
14.1
|
Somanetics Corporation Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as re-adopted November 2, 2007. | |
23.1
|
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP. | |
31.1
|
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2
|
Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1
|
Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
74