UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 6-K

 

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

 

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the month of April 2017

 

Commission File Number 1-14966

 

CNOOC Limited 

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

65th Floor 

Bank of China Tower 

One Garden Road 

Central, Hong Kong 

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

 

Form 20-F   x          Form 40-F  o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ____

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ____

 

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Yes   o         No  x

 

If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b):  Not applicable

 

Signature

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

 

 

			CNOOC Limited
	By:		/s/ Jiewen Li
	Name:		Jiewen Li
	Title:		Joint Company Secretary

 

Dated: April 25, 2017

 

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.		Description
99.1		Announcement entitled "2016 Annual Report"
99.2		Announcement entitled "Notice of Annual General Meeting"
99.3		Announcement entitled "Explanatory Statement Relating to the Proposed General Mandates to Issue Shares and Buy Back Shares and Proposed Re-Election of Directors"
99.4		Announcement entitled "Form of proxy for the Annual General Meeting to be held on 26 May 2017"
99.5		Announcement entitled "Notification Letter and Request Form For Non-Registered Holders"

 

 

 

Exhibit 99.1

 

Company Profile

 

CNOOC Limited (the “Company”, together with its subsidiaries, the “Group” or “we”), incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administration Region (“Hong Kong”) in August 1999, was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (code: CEO) and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (code: 00883) on 27 and 28 February 2001, respectively. The Company was admitted as a constituent stock of the Hang Seng Index in July 2001. The Company’s American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) was listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (code: CNU) on 18 September 2013.

 

The Group is the largest producer of offshore crude oil and natural gas in China and one of the largest independent oil and gas exploration and production companies in the world. The Group mainly engages in exploration, development, production and sale of crude oil and natural gas.

 

The Group’s core operation areas are Bohai, Western South China Sea, Eastern South China Sea and East China Sea in offshore China. Overseas, the Group has oil and gas assets in Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Oceania and Europe.

 

As at 31 December 2016, the Group owned net proved reserves of approximately 3.88 billion BOE, and its average daily net production was 1,302,922 BOE (unless otherwise stated, all amounts of reserve and production in this report include our interests in equity method investees). The Group had total assets of approximately RMB637.7 billion.

 

Content

 

3	Financial Summary
4	Operating Summary
7	Chairman’s Statement
9	Business Overview
9	Overview
10	Exploration
12	Engineering Construction, Development and Production
13	Regional Overview
17	Sales and Marketing
17	Research and Development
18	Risk Management and Internal Control System
19	Risk Factors
22	Health, Safety and Environmental Protection
23	Corporate Citizen
24	Human Resources
26	Corporate Governance Report
46	Directors and Senior Management
54	Report of the Directors
67	Management’s Discussion and Analysis
72	Independent Auditors’ Report
76	Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
78	Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
79	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
80	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
81	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
132	Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)
146	Notice of Annual General Meeting
153	Glossary
155	Company Information

 

 

 

 

 

 

Financial Summary

 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income (Audited)

Year ended 31 December

 

		2012				2013				2014				2015				2016
Total revenues			247,627				285,857				274,634				171,437				146,490
Total expenses			(160,486	)			(207,354	)			(193,719	)			(153,981	)			(148,902	)
Interest income/(finance costs), net			(601	)			(2,365	)			(3,701	)			(5,245	)			(5,345	)
Share of (losses)/profits of
associates and a joint venture			(27	)			895				1,006				1,903				(76	)
Investment income			2,392				2,611				2,684				2,398				2,774
Profit/(loss) before tax			90,172				80,851				82,513				17,130				(5,275	)
Income tax (expense)/credit			(26,481	)			(24,390	)			(22,314	)			3,116				5,912
Profit for the year			63,691				56,461				60,199				20,246				637

 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (Audited)

As at 31 December                                        

 

			2012				2013				2014				2015				2016
Current assets			170,894				146,552				140,708				140,211				122,045
Property, plant and equipment			252,132				419,102				463,222				454,141				432,465
Investments in associates and
a joint venture			24,017				24,397				25,250				28,413				29,995
Intangible assets			973				17,000				16,491				16,423				16,644
Total assets			456,070				621,473				662,859				664,362				637,681
Current liabilities			(82,437	)			(128,948	)			(103,498	)			(84,380	)			(67,090	)
Non-current liabilities			(63,853	)			(150,905	)			(179,751	)			(193,941	)			(188,220	)
Total liabilities			(146,290	)			(279,853	)			(283,249	)			(278,321	)			(255,310	)
Equity			309,780				341,620				379,610				386,041				382,371

 

 

Operating Summary

Year ended 31 December

 

		2012				2013				2014				2015				2016
Production
Net production of crude
and liquids (barrels/day)
China			615,122				610,435				626,791				761,019				739,378
Bohai			411,642				392,413				403,927				477,904				455,002
Western South China Sea			72,672				75,606				80,493				89,958				98,351
Eastern South China Sea			130,266				141,545				141,166				190,525				182,848
East China Sea			543				872				1,206				2,632				3,177
Overseas			104,623				279,409				305,345				338,440				321,131
Asia (excluding China)			14,883				28,997				37,237				45,640				48,577
Oceania			4,846				4,533				4,297				3,350				4,278
Africa			56,998				77,343				76,838				83,677				80,297
North America (excluding Canada)**			27,896				44,245				49,814				54,692				48,078
Canada			-				39,872				48,183				46,712				40,304
Europe			-				83,460				87,918				103,258				98,672
South America			-				960				1,058				1,110				926
Subtotal			719,745				889,845				932,137				1,099,459				1,060,509
Net production of
natural gas (mmcf/day)
China			663.1				634.5				643.3				731.9				648.7
Bohai			123.9				127.4				137.9				136.9				134.3
Western South China Sea			364.1				330.5				341.7				314.3				273.9
Eastern South China Sea			148.8				151.4				136.8				234.9				185.9
East China Sea			26.3				25.2				26.8				45.8				54.6
Overseas			308.6				482.7				546.6				482.1				472.5
Asia (excluding China)			157.8				140.3				154.4				140.0				150.2
Oceania			101.1				98.2				111.2				93.5				111.4
North America (excluding Canada)**			49.7				109.5				112.7				134.6				127.3
Canada			-				106.0				117.5				68.4				48.9
Europe			-				28.7				50.7				45.5				34.8
Subtotal			971.7				1,117.1				1,189.9				1,214.0				1,121.2
Total net production (BOE/day)
China			727,287				717,784				735,533				884,346				848,322
Bohai			432,285				413,650				426,913				500,719				477,380
Western South China Sea			135,007				132,284				138,972				143,676				144,835
Eastern South China Sea			155,070				166,778				163,970				229,679				213,835
East China Sea			4,925				5,072				5,678				10,271				12,273
Overseas			161,561				365,010				401,804				423,319				405,320
Asia (excluding China)			43,752				54,529				65,280				70,987				75,780
Oceania			24,628				23,909				26,092				21,673				26,107
Africa			56,998				77,343				76,838				83,677				80,297
North America (excluding Canada)**			36,183				62,496				68,396				76,915				69,290
Canada			-				57,534				67,770				58,115				48,448
Europe			-				88,241				96,370				110,842				104,473
South America			-				960				1,058				1,110				926
Total			888,848				1,082,795				1,137,337				1,307,664				1,253,643

 

 

Net production in equity
method investees
Crude and liquids (barrels/day)			23,020				22,758				23,510				24,588				22,592
Natural gas (mmcf/day)			138.0				130.2				140.2				149.6				155.0
Subtotal (BOE/day)			46,767				45,173				47,640				50,357				49,280
Total (BOE/day)			935,615				1,127,967				1,184,977				1,358,022				1,302,922

 

 

		2012				2013				2014				2015				2016
Reserves at year end*
Net proved crude and liquids
reserves (million barrels)
China			1,665.7				1,692.6				1,691.6				1,430.6				1,445.7
Bohai			1,067.2				1,087.6				1,111.7				908.3				903.8
Western South China Sea			224.8				228.3				210.0				149.3				168.3
Eastern South China Sea			354.0				357.0				351.9				357.0				363.1
East China Sea			19.8				19.8				18.0				16.1				10.6
Overseas			515.0				1,367.8	***			1,348.2	***			1,399.6	***			870.2	***
Asia (excluding China)			65.0				83.6				47.4				59.8				77.3
Oceania			16.7				15.9				16.6				14.5				12.0
Africa			135.7				155.4				142.5				166.6				138.0
North America (excluding Canada)**			297.6				175.0				209.3				239.5				260.3
Canada			-				770.3				781.4				815.3				300.5
Europe			-				166.0				149.1				102.3				80.6
South America			-				1.7				1.8				1.6				1.5
Subtotal			2,180.7				3,060.4				3,039.8				2,830.2				2,315.9
Net proved natural
gas reserves (bcf)
China			4,459.1				4,475.6				4,756.8				5,354.6				5,843.7
Bohai			592.5				552.9				480.8				381.4				278.7
Western South China Sea			2,384.9				2,505.4				2,318.1				3,132.6				3,896.8
Eastern South China Sea			1,175.7				1,114.2				1,029.6				951.6				854.9
East China Sea			305.9				303.1				928.3				889.0				813.3
Overseas			1,546.3				1,847.7				1,974.0				1,638.3				1,642.4
Asia (excluding China)			800.4				889.4				861.2				845.8				952.4
Oceania			409.5				386.0				455.7				389.2				333.5
North America (excluding Canada)**			336.4				349.6				403.9				275.2				349.6
Canada			-				195.0				233.0				119.3				-
Europe			-				27.8				20.2				8.8				6.9
Subtotal			6,005.3				6,323.3				6,730.8				6,992.9				7,486.1
Total net proved reserves
(million BOE)
China			2,408.9				2,442.3				2,486.8				2,324.3				2,420.7
Bohai			1,165.9				1,179.7				1,191.8				971.8				950.2
Western South China Sea			622.2				649.6				598.7				672.6				818.8
Eastern South China Sea			550.0				542.7				523.5				515.6				505.5
East China Sea			70.7				70.4				172.7				164.2				146.2
Overseas			793.7				1,696.4				1,698.3				1,691.7				1,162.7
Asia (excluding China)			207.5				240.6				199.4				208.9				245.0
Oceania			96.8				92.0				106.0				90.8				77.4
Africa			135.7				155.4				142.5				166.6				138.0
North America (excluding Canada)**			353.7				233.2				275.9				284.8				318.6
Canada			-				802.8				820.2				835.2				300.5
Europe			-				170.6				152.5				103.8				81.8
South America			-				1.7				1.8				1.6				1.5
Total			3,202.6				4,138.7				4,185.0				4,016.0				3,583.4

 

 

 

Net proved reserves in equity
method investees
Crude and liquids (million barrels)			200.7				199.3				200.4				200.1				195.3
Natural gas (bcf)			513.7				519.9				537.3				576.9				574.0
Subtotal (million BOE)			289.3				288.9				293.0				299.5				294.2
Total*			3,492				4,428				4,478				4,315.5				3,877.6

 

			2012				2013				2014				2015				2016
Others
Reserve life (years)			9.8				10.5				10.1				8.4				7.8
Reserve life (years) (including
equity method investees)			10.2				10.8				10.4				8.7				8.1
Reserve replacement ratio (%)			187				337				111				65				6
Reserve replacement ratio (%,
including equity method investees)			188				327				112				67				8
Average realized price
Crude oil (US$/barrel)			110.48				104.60				96.04				51.27				41.40
Natural gas (US$/mcf)			5.77				5.78				6.44				6.39				5.46

 

*

Approximately 36%, 52%, 52%, 62% and 60%, respectively, of our net proved reserve estimates in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were made by the Company’s internal evaluation staff and the remaining were made by the independent consultants. Our reserve data was prepared in accordance with the SEC’s final rules on “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting”, which became effective as of 1 January 2010.

 

**

As Canada’s proved reserves were over 15% of the Group’s total proved reserves at the end of 2013, the Group’s proved reserves and production data in Canada were disclosed separately for year 2013 and after. For year 2012, Canada’s numbers are included in North America (if applicable) and disclosed on a combined basis.

 

***

Includes 736.4 million barrels of synthetic oil and 33.8 million barrels of bitumen in 2013; 749.9 million barrels of synthetic oil and 31.4 million barrels of bitumen in 2014; 815.3 million barrels of synthetic oil in 2015; 300.5 million barrels of synthetic oil in 2016.

 

 

Chairman’s Statement

 

Dear Shareholders,

 

On behalf of the Board of Directors, I am pleased to present the annual report of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2016 and wish to extend my sincere gratitude for your continuous support and concern.

 

By the time this report is published, we have got through another “cold winter” of low oil prices. During the past year, global economic growth remained stubbornly low. International oil prices stayed at a low level during the first half of the year and rebounded moderately during the second half. The oil industry all over the world experienced turbulence caused by the plunge in oil prices. Although prolonged low oil prices have exerted considerable pressure on the Company’s profitability, you may have already noticed that we were able to further demonstrate our strong cost competitiveness. In addition, we kept improving our corporate governance mechanism and both our abilities to withstand risks and sustain growth have been enhanced.

 

In 2016, the Company achieved net oil and gas production of 476.9 million BOE amidst a further reduction in capital expenditures. The four projects planned at beginning of the year all successfully commenced production. In terms of exploration, a total of 14 commercial discoveries were made, and 25 successful appraisals of oil and gas structures were achieved. Oil and gas reserves derived from independent exploration in offshore China maintained at relatively high levels. Exploration activities in new areas achieved breakthroughs too. Several major high-quality projects overseas progressed smoothly. Exploration in the Starbroek block in Guyana once again achieved a significant discovery.

 

The Company’s oil and gas sales revenue for the year amounted to RMB121.3 billion; net profits reached RMB637 million. While delivering our results for the year, we have not forgotten to reward our shareholders: the Board of Directors has recommended a final dividend of HK$0.23 (tax inclusive) per share for the year.

 

Before this cycle of sharp fall of oil prices, the Company’s management took precautions and initiated the “Year of Quality and Efficiency” program by implementing very stringent cost control. For the last three years, we have unrelentingly pursued a management concept centered on cost control and efficiency enhancement. We have formulated a practical development plan for the Company. I am pleased to take this once-a-year opportunity to sincerely communicate with you in a hope to further enhance your understanding of the Company.

 

Reshaping our cost competitiveness

 

The most important link in the Company’s value chain has always been to create more benefits to our shareholders. Facing with oil price fluctuations – which are beyond our control – we have consistently put cost control as the key in dealing with industry cycles. Over the past four years, the Company’s all-in cost has dropped from its highest level of US$45.02 per BOE in 2013 to US$34.67 per BOE in 2016. The operating expenses per BOE have significantly declined by 37.8%, back to US$7 level.

 

In 2016, the Company paid further attention to quality and efficiency and struck a balance between the Company’s short-term going concern and long-term sustainable development. It pursued growth with value and increased profitability-oriented production volume. As a result, its ability for sustainable development has improved overall.

 

Since the listing of the Company, we have never compromised the pursuit for quality of our growth. In recent years, through further cost management, paying attention to every minor area, and reshaping our cost competitiveness from the Company level to project level, we have been able to achieve the outstanding results that we see today.

 

In 2016, the Company maintained prudent financial policies, improved capital efficiency, optimized its asset portfolio structure, focused more on asset returns, and realized sound and steady growth in every business areas.

 

Reform and innovation spur growth

 

Long before there were any inklings of the current low oil price environment, the management had begun to explore ways to resolve bottlenecks in the growth of the Company. This year, innovative strategies are being implemented to drive growth, and human resources systems reforms were deepened to stimulate the vitality of the Company’s development.

 

A people-oriented approach with a strategy to develop talent forms the foundation of the Company’s development. We fully appreciate that talent is the driving force of our growth. Without a sufficient talent reserve, the Company would lack the

 

momentum for long-term growth. For this reason, we have stepped up our efforts to train young management and research personnel and we have adopted incentives to stimulate the continued development of the Company.

 

Thanks to its effective talent and development strategies, the Company has made considerable achievements in the area of scientific research during the year. With research focusing on exploration and development technology of deep-water oil and gas fields, offshore heavy oil, low porosity and low permeability oil and gas fields, the Company has benefitted from some remarkable research progresses – a number of which have already been applied with good results. Such research provides strong technical support for the sustainable development of the Company.

 

However, reforming and innovating do not mean reckless endeavor. During the past year, we maintained a prudent financial policy and focused our efforts in building a sound risk management system to better monitor and control the risks associating with major investment decision-making processes.

 

The Company attaches great importance to health, safety and environmental protection, promoting the awareness of safety, strengthening safety and risk control, and enhancing the development of a safety culture. We have taken strict precautions to prevent major risks in order to achieve smooth and stable operations throughout the year.

 

We have continued to ensure that our standards are on par with our international first-class peers. Through continuous learning and innovation, we want to ensure a smooth ride for the Company. In 2016, the Company was awarded the “Asian Excellence Award” and “Asia’s Best Corporate Social Responsibility (China)” award by Corporate Governance Asia, the Platinum Award of “2016 Corporate Awards” and “Best Initiatives in Environmental Responsibility” by The Asset, and “2016 China Securities Golden Bauhinia Awards – Most Influential Brand for a Listed Company” by Ta Kung Pao, which highlights the market recognition of the Company’s good governance and its fulfilment of social responsibility.

 

A comprehensive strategic plot

 

In 2017, our strategies in exploration will focus on the continued search for large and medium-sized oil and gas fields. We will adhere to a value-driven approach, optimize our exploration portfolio and focus on the quality of our oil and gas reserves. We will prioritize high-return and quick-monetization assets to enhance the competitiveness of our core business and to secure the mid-to-long term sustainable development of the Company.

 

In 2017, a total of five new projects will commence production, of which, the Penglai 19-9 comprehensive adjustment project and the Enping 23-1 oilfields have already come on stream. During the year, more than 20 new projects will be under construction, laying a strong foundation for the sustainable development of the Company.

 

After years of hard work, we have established our presence in more than 20 countries and regions. With its diversified portfolio of high-quality assets, the Company actively participates in numerous world-class oil and gas projects, becoming one of the world’s leading industry players. Whatever challenges lie ahead, we are fully confident of the Company’s future development potential.

 

In 2016, Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company. Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as the President and an Executive Director of the Company. Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as the Chief Executive Officer and an Executive Director. Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director. On behalf of the Board of Directors, I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Li Fanrong and Mr. Lv Bo for their contributions and services to the Company and welcome Mr. Liu Jian and Mr. Yuan Guangyu.

 

Considering the uncertainties in the world’s economy, we have no way of predicting the future of oil prices. Nevertheless, with our team’s determination and perseverance, with our courage and confidence, we believe that we can overcome difficulties and look forward to a brighter future.

 

Yang Hua

Chairman and CEO

 

Hong Kong, 23 March 2017

 

Business Overview

 

Overview

 

CNOOC Limited is an upstream company specializing in the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas. It is the dominant oil and natural gas producer in offshore China and, in terms of reserves and production, is also one of the largest independent oil and natural gas exploration and production companies in the world. As of the end of 2016, the Company had net proved reserves of approximately 3.88 billion BOE (including approximately 0.29 billion BOE in its equity method investees). In 2016, the Company had total net oil and gas production of 1,302,922 BOE per day (including net oil and gas production of approximately 49,280 BOE per day in its equity method investees).

 

In offshore China, the Company engages in oil and natural gas exploration, development and production in Bohai, Western South China Sea, Eastern South China Sea and East China Sea, either independently or in cooperation with foreign partners through production sharing contracts (“PSCs”). As of the end of 2016, approximately 62.5% of the Company’s net proved reserves and approximately 65.2% of its net production were derived from offshore China.

 

In its independent operations, the Company has been adding more reserves and production mainly through independent exploration and development in offshore China. As of the end of 2016, approximately 84.4% of the Company’s net proved reserves and approximately 75.3% of its net production in offshore China were derived from independent projects.

 

In its PSC operations, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC”), the Company’s controlling shareholder, has the exclusive right to explore and develop oil and natural gas in offshore China in cooperation with foreign partners through PSCs. CNOOC has transferred to the Company all of its rights and obligations under all the PSCs (except those relating to its management and regulatory function as a state-owned company), including new PSCs that will be signed in the future.

 

After years of hard work, we have established our presence in more than 20 countries and regions. Our overseas assets account for over 50% of the Company’s total assets. With its diversified portfolio of high-quality assets, the Company actively participates in numerous world-class oil and gas projects, becoming one of the world’s leading industry players. Currently, the Company holds interests in oil and natural gas blocks in Indonesia, Australia, Nigeria, Uganda, Argentina, the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom, Brazil and various other countries. As of the end of 2016, approximately 37.5% of the Company’s net proved reserves and approximately 34.8% of its net production were derived from overseas.

 

In 2016, the recovery of the global economy remained slow and uneven with divergent economic trends in major economies. International oil prices stayed at low level. The entire oil and gas industry and the Company still faced severe market situation and difficult business environment.

 

In 2016, the Company persisted with operating strategies formulated at the beginning of the year, which includes, maintaining prudent financial policy; continuing to lower costs and increase efficiency through innovation in technology and management; ensuring operation safety and compliance; focusing on return by balancing short-term benefit and long-term development. The Company further intensified the “Year of Quality and Efficiency” program, implemented various measures to improve quality and efficiency and established mechanism with long-lasting effect; and maintained the momentum of healthy and sustainable development.

 

In 2016, the Company accomplished its production and business targets in spite of all difficulties. The Company managed to maintain appropriate exploration expenditures and carry out intensive exploration program, and achieved successful results while continuing to control total capital expenditure. Four new projects planned in early 2016 all came on stream. The production target was met with a total volume of 476.9 million BOE. To ensure sustainable development in the future, the Company steadily pushed ahead the construction of new projects with a total of approximately 20 projects under construction in the year. All in cost per BOE was US$34.67, representing a decline for the third consecutive year. The Company has maintained a healthy financial position with a net profit of RMB637 million for the year. Meanwhile, health, safety and environmental protection performance remained stable.

 

Looking forward to 2017, the global economy will continue to recover slowly and international oil prices are expected to stay at a relatively low level despite of a certain rebound. The external operating environment is likely to remain tough. In spite of this, the Company remains confident and persistent. We will further strengthen our operating strategies, which include: balancing

 

short-term and mid-to-long term development; maintaining prudent financial policy and improving capital efficiency; and optimizing asset portfolio and focusing more on the returns of assets.

 

In 2017, the capital expenditure of the Company is anticipated to be RMB 60-70 billion. To maintain its competitive financial position, the Company will continue to stress on efficiency, enhance investment return, strengthen cost controls and focus on cash flow management. Our production target for 2017 is 450-460 million BOE with five new projects to come on stream. Meanwhile, the Company will maintain its high standards in health, safety and environmental protection.

 

EXPLORATION

 

In 2016, the Company strengthened the integration of exploration and development. We have prioritized the exploration of offshore China and struck a balance between mature areas, rolling areas and frontier areas. Overseas, we focused on high-quality blocks and conventional oil and gas. The Company strengthened value-driven exploration philosophy and mainly focused on searching for mid-to-large-sized oil and gas fields while reducing the proportion of high risk and high cost wells. In addition, the Company continued to maintain a reasonable proportion of exploration investment so as to ensure long-term sustainable development with a relatively high level of exploration activities. Due to the significant decrease in international oil prices, the reserve replacement ratio for the Company is 8% for 2016. Excluding economic revision, the reserve replacement ratio for the Company is 145%.

 

The Company’s major exploration areas as at the end of 2016 are shown in the table below:

 

				Major Exploration Areas
		Areas		(Net) (km²)
		Bohai			43,068
		Western South China Sea			73,388
Offshore China		Eastern South China Sea			55,424
		East China Sea			85,413
		Subtotal			257,292
		Asia (excluding China)			5,670
		Africa			4,668
		Oceania			25,140
Overseas		North America			3,710
		South America			7,505
		Europe			12,979
		Subtotal			59,671
Total					316,963

 

In offshore China, the exploration activities of the Company remained at a high level and a total of 115 exploration wells were drilled. In addition, the Company completed 17 unconventional wells onshore China. A total of 2,471 kilometers of 2D Seismic Data was acquired independently; a total of 11,347 square kilometers of 3D Seismic Data was acquired independently and through PSC. The Company made 12 new discoveries and successfully appraised 19 oil and gas structures in offshore China. The success rate of independent exploration wells in offshore China is 52-69%.

 

In 2016, the Company continued to implement a proactive exploration strategy in offshore China, resulting in successful achievements including the followings:

 

Firstly, we effectively completed the appraisal of four mid-to-large sized oilfields including Kenli 16-1, Caofeidian 12-6/6-2,

 

Penglai 20-2/20-3 and Liuhua 21-2.

 

Secondly, progress was made in the deepwater natural gas exploration of Qiongdongnan Basin, with the structure of Lingshui 25-1 successfully appraised which expanded the reserve scale of the structure.

 

Thirdly, integration of exploration and development was realised using existing facilities and additional reserves were obtained at Jinzhou 25-1, Caofeidian 6-4, Weixinan oilfields, Wenchang 13-6, Panyu 4-1 and Xijiang 30-1.

 

Such achievements have further consolidated the position of offshore China as the core area of the Company and demonstrated the Company’s unique strength in offshore China.

 

Overseas, the Company drilled 14 exploration wells, acquired approximately 9,613 kilometers of 2D seismic data and approximately 23,980 square kilometers of 3D seismic data. For overseas exploration, the Company made two new discoveries and successfully appraised six oil and gas structures. Main achievements include the followings:

 

Firstly, five appraisal wells were successfully drilled with the Libra project in Brazil which further confirmed the reserve scale.

 

Secondly, Liza oilfield in Guyana was successfully appraised, which expanded to new layers and escalated reserve size; success was again made in the wildcat of the Payara structure.

 

Thirdly, successful in the exploration of the Owowo West structure in Nigeria which proved to be a large scale oil and gas reservoir and increased the economic value of the block.

 

In 2016, the Company adhered to its philosophies of “exploration management” overseas and continued to optimize exploration portfolio. While acquiring new exploration opportunities, the Company also successfully farmed out the interests in some overseas blocks, resulting in better returns for the Company.

 

During the year, the Company made continual improvement in optimizing exploration, reducing operating costs and enhancing efficiency through management; and strengthened geological research, raised operation standards and refined operation process management, which further improved operation efficiency and lowered exploration cost.

 

The Company’s major exploration activities in 2016 are set out in the table below:

  

	Exploration Wells				New Discoveries		Successful Appraisal Wells		Seismic Data
	Independent		PSC						2D (km)		3D (km2)
	Wildcat	Appraisal	Wildcat	Appraisal	Independent	PSC	Independent	PSC	Independent	PSC	Independent	PSC
Offshore China
Bohai	16	40	0	1	7	0	30	0	0	0	966	0
Eastern South China Sea	16	8	0	1	4	0	3	1	0	0	3,720	1,639
Western South China Sea	14	13	3	0	1	0	7	0	2,471	0	4,374	0
East China Sea	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	647	0
Subtotal	49	61	3	2	12	0	40	1	2,471	0	9,708	1,639
Overseas	0	0	2	12	0	2	0	7	0	9,613	0	23,980
Total	49	61	5	14	12	2	40	8	2,471	9,613	9,708	25,619

In 2017, the Company will continue to reinforce the integration of exploration and development, increase the ability and shorten the cycle of reserve monetization. For offshore China, it will further prioritize investment in mature areas while continuing to explore new areas. For overseas exploration, with its foothold on existing core projects, the Company will seek rolling development. It will continue to maintain a reasonable proportion of exploration investment in its total capital expenditure so as to ensure mid-and long-term sustainable development with a relatively high level of exploration activities.

 

Engineering Construction, Development and Production

 

In 2016, the Company successfully completed its operation targets and the target of oil and gas production set early this year. The Company carefully organized its operational resources and made smooth progress in engineering construction.

 

In 2016, while ensuring safety in the development, production and operation, the Company took efficiency enhancement and cost reduction as the core mission and accomplished its development and production target for the year. The Company’s net oil and gas production reached 476.9 million BOE, which completed the production target of 470-485 million BOE set in the beginning of the year. The 4 new projects planned for 2016, including Kenli 10-4 oilfield, Panyu 11-5 oilfield, Weizhou 6-9/6-10 comprehensive adjustment and Enping 18-1 oilfield, all came on stream during the year.

 

In 2016, the Company’s development and production were driven by innovation and led by effectiveness, with emphasis on quality, performance and sustaining development. The achievements include the followings:

 

Firstly, we continued to maintain high production efficiency through refined management.

 

Secondly, we continuously conducted special programs to lower operating expenses and achieved significant result with operating expenses at US$7.62 per BOE, which decreased for three consecutive years.

 

Thirdly, we made in-depth optimization in the technological plan of development projects, achieving remarkable result in cost reduction and efficiency enhancement.

 

Fourthly, we lowered the failure rate of equipment and facilities by comprehensively implementing integrity management.

 

Looking forward to 2017, the workload of onshore construction and offshore installation will increase. A total of five new projects are expected to commence production, including Penglai 19-9 comprehensive adjustment, Enping 23-1 oilfields and Weizhou 12-2 oilfield Phase II in offshore China and BD gas field and Hangingstone project overseas. Among them, Penglai 19-9 comprehensive adjustment and Enping 23-1 oilfields have commenced production in January 2017. In addition, it is expected that over 20 new projects will be under construction in 2017, supporting the Company’s sustainable growth in the future.

 

In 2017, the Company’s development and production are expected to face a harsh external environment due to continued pressure from international oil prices. We will optimize development plans, strengthen integration, effectively connect engineering construction with development and production, while steadily pushing ahead development of key overseas areas. We will select and appraise infill drilling, closely monitor the trend of oil prices and maintain the flexibility on infill drilling.

 

 

REGIONAL OVERVIEW

 

Offshore China

 

Bohai

 

Bohai is the most important crude oil producing area for the Company. The crude oil produced in this region is mainly heavy oil. As of the end of 2016, the reserve and daily production volume in Bohai were 950.2 million BOE and 477,380 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 24.5% and 36.6% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively. The operation area in Bohai is mainly shallow water with a depth of 10 to 30 meters.

 

Bohai has rich oil and gas resources and has been one of the Company’s primary areas for exploration and development. In 2016, the Company made seven successful discoveries in Bohai, namely Luda 29-1, Jinzhou 25-1 West, Caofeidian 12-6, Caofeidian 6-2, Bozhong 34-8, Penglai 20-2 and Qinhuangdao 31-4. In addition, the Company successfully appraised 10 oil and gas structures, including Caofeidian 12-6, Kenli 16-1, Penglai 7-6, Luda 21-2, Caofeidian 6-2, Penglai 31-3 South, Penglai 20-2, Bozhong 29-1, Caofeidian 6-4 and Penglai 20-3. Among which, Kenli 16-1, Caofeidian 12-6/6-2 and Penglai 20-2/20-3 structures were proved to be mid-to-large sized oilfields after appraisals. The Company fully implemented the integration of exploration and development and obtained new reserves around Jinzhou 25-1 and Caofeidian 6-4 oilfields.

 

These new discoveries and successful appraisals further demonstrated Bohai’s potential as a core production region for the Company.

 

For development and production, Kenli 10-4 oilfield commenced production during the year. Penglai 19-9 comprehensive adjustment commenced production in January 2017. Currently, there are a number of new projects under construction including Penglai 19-3 oilfield 1/3/8/9 comprehensive adjustment, Penglai 19-9 oilfield Phase II comprehensive adjustment and Bozhong 34-9 oilfield.

 

Western South China Sea

 

Western South China Sea is one of the most important natural gas production areas for the Company. Currently, the typical water depth of the Company’s operation area in this region ranges from 40 to 120 meters. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume in Western South China Sea reached 818.8 million BOE and 144,835 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 21.1% and 11.1% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

In 2016, the Company made one new independent discovery in Western South China Sea, namely Weizhou 6-13 North. Six independent successful appraisals were made, namely Weizhou 6-8, Weizhou 12-2, Weizhou 6-13 North, Wushi 17-5, Lingshui 25-1 and Wenchang 13-6. Among which, the successfully appraisal of Lingshui 25-1 represents progress made in the deepwater natural gas exploration of Qiongdongnan Basin. In addition, a PSC project, Panyu 10-4, was successfully appraised.

 

For development and production, Weizhou 6-9/6-10 comprehensive adjustment commenced production during the year. Weizhou 12-2 oilfield Phase II is planned to commenced production in 2017. Currently, new projects including Wenchang 9-2/9-3/10-3 gas fields, Weizhou 6-13 oilfield and Dongfang 13-2 gas field are under construction.

 

Eastern South China Sea

 

Eastern South China Sea is one of the Company’s most important crude oil producing areas. Currently, the typical water depth of the Company’s operation area in this region ranges from 100 to 300 meters. The crude oil produced is mostly of light to medium gravity. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume in Eastern South China Sea reached 505.5 million BOE and 213,835 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 13.0% and 16.4% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

In 2016, the Company made 4 new independent discoveries in Eastern South China Sea, namely Huizhou 21-1 South, Panyu 4-1, Huizhou 19-10 and Xijiang 30-1, improving the overall efficiency of exploration and development in the region. Among which, Panyu 4-1 and Xijiang 30-1 are new reserves obtained through integrated exploration and development at the surrounding areas of the existing facilities. In addition, two successful appraisals of oil and gas structures were made, namely Liuhua 21-2 and Xijiang 30-1.

 

For development and production, Panyu 11-5 oilfield and Enping 18-1 oilfield commenced production during the year. Enping

 

23-1 oilfields commenced production in January 2017. Currently, Huizhou 33-1 oilfield and other new projects are under construction.

 

East China Sea

 

The typical water depth of the Company’s operation area in the East China Sea region is approximately 90 meters. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume in East China Sea represented approximately 3.8% and 1.1% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

Overseas

 

Asia (excluding China)

 

Asia (excluding China) was the first overseas region that the Company entered into and has become one of its major overseas oil and gas producing areas. Currently, the Company holds oil and gas assets mainly in Indonesia and Iraq. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume derived from Asia (excluding China) reached 245.0 million BOE and 75,780 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 6.3% and 5.8% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

Indonesia

 

As of the end of 2016, the Company’s asset portfolio in Indonesia consisted of three development and production blocks and a block under construction, among which, the Company acted as the operator for the Southeast Sumatra block, while the Madura Strait PSC was a joint operation block, in which the BD gas field is planned to commence production in 2017. In addition, the Company, as a non-operator, also holds working interests in the production sharing contracts in Malacca PSC.

 

The Company owns approximately 13.90% interest in the Tangguh LNG Project in Indonesia. In 2016, production volume of phase I of the Project remained stable. Currently, the investment decision for the third LNG train of phase II is completed, and the project is now in the construction stage and is expected to be completed and commence production in 2020.

 

Iraq

 

The Company holds 63.75% participating interest in the technical service contract of Missan oilfields in Iraq and acts as the lead contractor of these oilfields.

 

In 2016, the Company continuously drilled development wells, increased workload, implementing water injection plan and reinforced management of operation and maintenance under the Iraq project, resulting in a steady increase of daily net production to approximately 33,000 barrels per day.

 

Oceania

 

Currently, the Company’s oil and gas assets in Oceania are mainly located in Australia and Papua New Guinea. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume derived from Oceania reached 77.4 million BOE and 26,107 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 2.0% and 2.0% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

Australia

 

The Company owns 5.3% interest in the Australian North West Shelf LNG Project. The project has commenced production and is currently supplying gas to end-users including the Dapeng LNG Terminal in Guangdong, China.

 

In 2016, the North West Shelf LNG Project generated stable production and achieved favorable economic returns.

 

The Company also owns one exploration block in Australia, which is currently under appraisal.

 

Other Regions in Oceania

 

The Company owns interests in four blocks which are still under exploration in Papua New Guinea and a joint research block in New Zealand.

 

Africa

 

Africa is one of the relatively large oil and gas reserves and production base for the Company. The Company’s assets in Africa are primarily located in Nigeria and Uganda. As of the end of 2016, the reserves and daily production volume derived from Africa reached 138.0 million BOE and 80,297 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 3.6% and 6.2% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

Nigeria

 

The Company owns 45% interest in the OML130 block in Nigeria. OML130 is a deepwater project comprised of four oilfields, namely, Akpo, Egina, Egina South and Preowei.

 

In 2016, the Akpo oilfield maintained stable production. Through infill drillings and optimization measures, its net production reached approximately 62,000 barrels per day, with record low operating cost per barrel. The Egina project is in the engineering construction stage and is currently drilling development wells and constructing production facilities such as FPSO.

 

In addition, Nexen Petroleum Nigeria Limited holds a 20% non-operating interest in Usan oilfield in the OML138 block in offshore Nigeria, together with a number of other discoveries and exploration targets. Nexen Petroleum Exploration & Production Nigeria Limited and Nexen Petroleum Deepwater Nigeria Limited hold an 18% non-operating interest in the OPL 223 and OML 139 PSC, respectively. In 2016, new discovery was made in the exploration of Owowo West structure in deepwater Nigeria.

 

We plan to utilize the synergy of Usan and OML130 projects to establish an oil and gas production base in west Africa.

 

Uganda

 

The Company owns one-third of the interest in each of EA 1, EA 2 and EA 3A in Uganda. EA 1, EA 2 and EA 3A are located at Lake Albert Basin in Uganda, which is one of the most promising basins for oil and gas resources in Africa.

 

In 2016, the Company, as the operator of EA 3A, made further optimization and research on the developing plan of the Kingfisher oilfield with cost reduction and efficiency enhancement as the core mission.

 

In 2016, government’s development and production licenses were obtained for 8 oilfields in the EA1 and EA2 blocks. In 2016, the route plan of oil pipeline in Uganda was confirmed, laying the foundation for accelerated development of the oilfields.

 

Other Regions in Africa

 

Apart from Nigeria and Uganda, the Company also owns interests in several blocks in the Republic of The Congo, Algeria and the Gabonese Republic. In 2016, after drilling and appraisal, the REZ structure in Algeria was proven to be one of the major discoveries of the region in recent years.

 

North America

 

North America has become the biggest overseas reserves and production region of the Company. The Company holds interests in oil and gas assets in the U.S., Canada and Trinidad and Tobago, as well as part of the shares of MEG Energy Corporation in Canada. As of the end of 2016, the Company’s reserves and daily production volume derived from North America reached 619.1 million BOE and 117,738 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 16.0% and 9.0% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

The U.S.

 

The Company currently holds 27% and 13% interest in two shale oil and gas projects in the U.S., namely the Eagle Ford and Niobrara shale oil and gas projects respectively.

 

In 2016, as the number of wells drilled decreased under the low oil price environment, the net production of the Eagle Ford project decreased and averaged approximately 53,000 BOE/day. Under the current low oil price environment, our operators have slowed down asset development, which would impact our near-term production.

 

In addition, the Company owns interest in two major deepwater developments, Stampede and Appomattox, and a number of other exploration blocks in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Nexen Energy ULC (“Nexen”).

 

Canada

 

Canada is one of the world’s major regions with rich oil sands resources, participation in oil sands development will be favorable to the sustainable growth of the Company. In Canada, the Company, through its subsidiary, Nexen, owns 100% working interest in the oil sands project located at the Long Lake as well as three other oil sands leases in the Athabasca region in northeastern Alberta. We also hold a 7.23% interest in the Syncrude project and a 25% interest in several other non-operated exploration and development leases.

 

In 2016, the Company continued the development of the Long Lake project. Its net production averaged approximately 21,000 BOE/day. For the oil sands project in Canada, under the low oil price environment, the Company will leverage on its overall

 

advantages, lower cost and enhance efficiency, and control the pace of investment to provide a solid resource safeguard for its long-term development.

 

In addition, the Company holds approximately 12.39% of the shares of MEG Energy Corporation in Canada, which is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

 

Other Regions in North America

 

The Company owns 12.5% interest in the 2C block and a 12.75% interest in the 3A block in Trinidad and Tobago, respectively, of which the 2C block is in production. The engineering construction of phase III of the natural gas project progressed smoothly and was completed with production commenced in the second half of 2016. In addition, the Company owns 100% exploration interest in the deepwater exploration blocks 1 and 4 of the Perdido Fold Belt in Mexico.

 

South America

 

In South America, the Company mainly holds a 50% interest in Bridas Corporation (“Bridas”) and a 10% interest in the PSC of the Libra oilfield in Brazil, among which, the Company’s 50% interest in Bridas is accounted for by equity methods. As of the end of 2016, the Company’s reserves and daily production volume derived from South America reached 293.9 million BOE and 48,548 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 7.6% and 3.7% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

Argentina

 

The Company holds a 50% interest in Bridas and makes joint management decisions. Bridas holds 40% interest in Pan American Energy (“PAE”) in Argentina and 100% interest in AXION Refinery. Bridas engages in upstream oil and gas exploration and production activities as well as downstream refining activities in Argentina and other countries. The strength of upstream and downstream integration is gradually realized.

 

In 2016, under the low oil price environment, the Company sought balance between production and returns, enhanced operating efficiency, optimized operating plans and innovated development plans. The daily net production of Bridas averaged approximately 48,000 BOE/day. The downstream refinery maintains a high level of operation capacity and is implementing quality improvement project according to clean energy requirements of the government.

 

Brazil

 

The Company holds a 10% interest in the Libra PSC, a deepwater pre-salt project in Brazil. The oilfield is located in the Santos Basin, with a block area of about 1,550 km² and water depth of about 2,000 meters.

 

In 2016, the Company drilled five appraisal wells in the Libra northwestern block which further increased the reserve.

 

Brazil is one of the world’s most important deepwater oil and gas development regions. The Company will fully leverage on the development opportunities of the Libra project in Brazil to seek a new driver for production growth.

 

Other Regions in South America

 

The Company also holds interests in several exploration and production blocks in Colombia and interests in Stabroek exploration block offshore Guyana.

 

Europe

 

The Company holds interests in several oil and gas fields such as Buzzard and Golden Eagle in the North Sea. As of the end of 2016, the Company’s reserves and daily production volume derived from Europe reached 81.8 million BOE and 104,473 BOE/day, respectively, representing approximately 2.1% and 8.0% of the Company’s total reserves and daily production, respectively.

 

United Kingdom

 

The Company’s asset portfolio in the North Sea consists of projects under production, development and exploration, mainly including: a 43.2% interest in the Buzzard oilfield, one of the largest oilfields in the North Sea, and a 36.5% interest in the Golden Eagle oilfield, making the Company the largest crude oil operator in the North Sea.

 

The United Kingdom is one of the Company’s key overseas areas, as several key projects such as Buzzard and Golden Eagle have contributed considerably to the Company’s production. In 2016, the net production of Buzzard oilfield averaged approximately 66,000 barrels per day. In the future, we will continue to intensify our efforts in the oil and gas development in the UK, and actively look for exploration and development blocks with potential in order to achieve a stable and sustainable development in the region.

 

Other Regions in Europe

 

The Company holds a license issued by the government of Iceland for carrying out oil exploration operations in the Norwegian Sea, Northeast Iceland. In 2016, the project is at exploration and appraisal stage and has preliminary completed the processing and interpretation of newly acquired 2D seismic data.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

Sales of Crude Oil

 

The Company sells its crude oil produced offshore China to the PRC market mainly through CNOOC China Limited, its wholly-owned subsidiary. The Company sells its crude oil produced overseas to international and domestic markets mainly through another wholly-owned subsidiary, China Offshore Oil (Singapore) International Pte Ltd. Nexen Energy ULC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, sells its crude oil and synthetic oil to international markets separately.

 

The Company’s crude oil sales prices are mainly determined by the prices of international benchmark crude oil of similar quality, with certain premiums or discounts subject to prevailing market conditions. Although the prices are quoted in U.S. dollars, customers in China usually pay by Renminbi. The Company currently sells three types of crude oil in China, namely, heavy crude, medium crude and light crude, which are benchmarked by Duri, Daqing, and Tapis, respectively, all of which are the benchmarking crude oil prices in the Far East. Beginning in 2017, the benchmark price for crude oil sold in China is changed to Brent. The Company’s major customers in China are Sinopec, PetroChina and CNOOC. The crude oil produced overseas and sold in the international markets is benchmarked at the Brent and WTI oil prices.

 

In 2016, affected by the sustaining low international oil prices, the Company’s realized oil prices declined significantly. In 2016, the Company’s average realized oil price was US$41.40/barrel, representing a decline of 19.3% year over year.

 

Sales of Natural Gas

 

The Company’s natural gas sales prices are mainly determined by the Company’s negotiations with its customers. The Company’s natural gas sales agreements are generally long-term contracts, which normally include a periodic price adjustment mechanism. The Company’s natural gas customers are primarily located in the Southeastern coast of China and mainly include Hong Kong Castle Peak Power Company Limited, CNOOC Gas and Power Group, China BlueChemical Ltd, etc.

 

The LNG sourced by the Company from the North West Shelf LNG Project in Australia and the Tangguh LNG Project in Indonesia is mainly based on long-term supply contracts and is sold to various customers in the Asia-Pacific region, including LNG Terminals in Dapeng, Guangdong and Putian, Fujian, China.

 

In 2016, the Company’s average realized natural gas price was US$5.46/mcf, representing a 14.6% decrease year over year, primarily due to the Chinese government’s onshore natural gas price reform in 2015, resulting in two decreases of overall prices in the onshore natural gas market in China. The Company gradually adjusted the sale prices for its major natural gas users through negotiation.

 

In China, the current oversupply of natural gas adversely affects the development, operation and income of the Company’s natural gas business. In view of the current natural gas market competition, the Company will coordinate the designs and approvals of relevant projects and the gas price negotiations with downstream users, with the aim of promoting the development of oil and gas fields under construction. Meanwhile, to cope with the current weak demand in specific regions, the Company will coordinate the price negotiations with downstream users to ensure the stable gas sales of producing oil and gas fields.

 

Research and Development

 

In 2016, the Company continued to implement its “technology-driven” strategy. It released and implemented the “Thirteenth Five-year” research and development plan and completed the top-level design of the “Thirteenth Five-year” key technology projects and top-level design for the establishment of research platform; continued to implement system for research coordination and strengthened the joint project development and mastering of core technology of different institutes. The Company actively initiated the “Quality and Efficiency Year 3.0” program. Through technological innovations, the Company was able to establish a solid foundation for reserve and production growth, as well as cost control and efficiency enhancement. A series of research findings have been applied to increase production efficiency.

 

Major Scientific Project Development

 

In 2016, the Company focused on core business needs and undertook national oil and gas major projects and national key research and development programs. It continued to conduct core technological projects such as deep water oil and gas fields, offshore heavy oil fields and fields with low porosity and permeability. The “Geology theory and technology innovation on continental margin area in the north of South China Sea deep water and its important hydrocarbon discovery” was awarded National Scientific and Technological Progress Award (Second Class), while significant landmark achievements such as Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism of Active Fault Belts and the major Discovery of High Quality Oil Field Groups with Hundred Million Tons Reserves in Bohai, exploration technology and practice for large gas field in deep water area of Western South China Sea, Key Technology on infilling and optimization of clustering well pattern in offshore SZ36-1 oil fields, and key technology and application in enhanced oil recovery technology for offshore heavy oilfield by polymer flooding, which will provide technological support for the sustainable development of the Company.

 

Innovative Development of Key Technologies

 

Remarkable result was achieved in using key vector processing technologies for multi-component seismic data, with trial processing of the seismic data from two target areas of over 200 square kilometers in Bohai and Weixinan completed. Time-lapse Seismic Interpretation Technology was successfully applied in processing new data of the Xijiang 24-1 oil producing region. Operating efficiency was enhanced by key technological achievements such as intelligent zonal water injection technology on offshore oilfield and cuttings-carrying technology in highly deviated well drilling.

 

RISK MANAGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM

 

Since its establishment, the Company has treated risk management and internal control as a top priority. The Company recognizes that it is the duty and obligation of its management to establish and maintain a risk management and internal control system, which serves the Company’s strategic objectives and meets the Company’s business practice.

 

The Company’s Risk Management Committee is directly managed by the Chief Executive Officer and has been authorized by the Board to be in charge with the organization and implementation of the overall risk management and internal control, on-going monitoring of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company, and making periodic reports to the Board regarding the status of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company.

 

•

With respect to risk management, the Company has chosen and adopted the risk management framework issued by COSO (“Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread way Commission”) of the U.S., established a risk management system covering design, implementation, monitoring, assessment and continuous improvement based on the ISO 31000:2009 “Risk Management-Principles and Guidelines”. The Risk Management Committee established the overall targets and policies of the risk management system which are in line with the strategic objectives of the Company, and identified, analysed and assessed the overall risk of the Company, including the Company’s key risks in making major decisions, important events and key business processes. The Risk Management Committee is also responsible for reviewing and approving the response plans to major risks, as well as following-up and periodically reviewing the implementation of such response plans, in order to make sure that sufficient attention, monitor and responses will be paid to all key risks of the Company.

 

•

With respect to internal control, the Company has chosen and adopted the internal control framework issued by COSO of the U.S., established an internal control system and mechanism over financial, operational and compliance controls and has conducted continuing review and evaluation of the internal control of the Company to ensure the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of all information reported.

 

•

In 2016, the Company has optimized the risk management work for compliance requirements. The Board considered that as of 31 December 2016, the Company’s risk management system and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting were effective.

 

As a company listed in Hong Kong, the U.S. and Canada, the Company will continue to strictly comply with all regulatory requirements, strengthen its risk management and internal control system, and maintain a high standard of corporate governance to ensure the Company’s healthy development.

 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Although we have established the risk management system to identify, analyze, evaluate and respond to risks, our business activities are subject to the following risks, which could have material effects on our strategy, operations, compliance and financial condition. We urge you to carefully consider the risks described below.

 

Our business, cash flows and profits fluctuate with changes in oil and gas prices.

 

Prices for crude oil, natural gas and oil products may fluctuate widely in response to relative changes in the supply and demand for oil and natural gas, market uncertainty and various other factors beyond our control, including, but not limited to overall economic conditions, political instability, armed conflict and acts of terrorism, economic conditions and actions by major oil-producing countries, the price and availability of other energy sources, domestic and foreign government regulations, natural disasters and weather conditions. Changes in oil and gas prices could have a material effect on our business, cash flows and earnings.

 

Low oil and natural gas prices may adversely affect our business, revenue and earnings. Lower oil and natural gas prices may result in the write-off of higher cost reserves and other assets, reduction of the amount of oil and natural gas we can produce economically and termination of existing contracts that have become uneconomic. The prolonged slump in oil and natural gas prices may also impact our long-term investment strategy and operation capability for our projects.

 

Our business and strategy may be substantially affected by complex macro economy, politically instability, war and terrorism and changes in policy and fiscal and tax regimes.

 

Economic conditions, energy costs, geopolitical issues and the availability and cost of credit resulted in a severe and prolonged global economic downturn period. The complex economic outlook may materially and adversely affect our business and financial conditions.

 

Some of the countries in which we operate may be considered politically and economically unstable. As a result, our financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected by associated international activities, domestic civil unrest and general strikes, political instability, war and acts of terrorism. Any changes in regime or social instability, or other political, economic or diplomatic developments, or changes in fiscal and tax regime are not within our control. Our operations, existing assets or future investments may be materially and adversely affected by these changes as well as potential trade and economic sanctions due to deteriorated relations between different countries.

 

Our financial performance is subject to the tax and fiscal regime of host countries in which we operate. Any changes in the tax and fiscal regime in these countries may increase our tax burden and have an adverse effect on our financial performance. For example, in October 2015, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) published the “Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project” (BEPS Project) final report with 15 action items, to enhance multilateral cooperation, pursuant to which the participating countries will amend their tax laws and tax treaties and strengthen their supervision on the corporate taxation and transfer pricing activities. Global changes to tax laws may result in additional or double taxation being imposed on the company in some circumstances.

 

Oil and natural gas industry are very competitive.

 

We compete in the PRC and international markets with national oil companies, major integrated oil and gas companies and various other independent oil and gas companies for access to oil and gas resources, products, alternative energy, customers, capital financing, technology and equipment, personnel and business opportunities. Competition may result in shortage of these resources or over-supply of oil and gas, which could increase our cost or reduce our earnings, and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. For example, the over-supply of natural gas in China may negatively impact our development, operation and revenue of natural gas projects.

 

In addition to competition, as we need to obtain various approvals from governmental and other regulatory authorities in order to maintain our operations, we may face unfavorable results such as project delays and cost overruns, which may further impact the realization of our strategies and adversely impact our financial condition.

 

Our ability to deliver competitive returns and pursue commercial opportunities depends in part on the robustness and the long-lasting accuracy of our price assumptions.

 

We review the oil and natural gas price assumptions on a periodic basis when evaluating project decisions and business opportunities. We generally test projects and other business opportunities against a long-term price range. While we believe our current long-term price assumptions are prudent, if such assumptions proved to be incorrect, it could have a material adverse effect. For short-term planning purposes, we stress test the project feasibility against a wider range of prices.

 

Rising climate change concerns could lead to additional regulatory measures that may result in project delays and higher costs.

 

It is expected that the CO₂ emissions will increase as our production grows. CO₂ emissions from flaring will increase as long as there are no gas gathering systems in place. Over time, we expect that a growing share of our CO₂ emissions will be subject to supervision and result in an increase in our costs. Furthermore, the public’s continued and increased attention to climate changes, including activities organized by non-governmental and political organizations, is likely to lead to implementation of additional regulations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions. If we are unable to find economically viable and publicly acceptable solutions that could reduce our CO₂ emissions for new and existing projects, we may experience additional costs, project delays, reduced production and reduced demand for the Company’s products.

 

Mergers, acquisitions and divestments may expose us to additional risks and uncertainties, and we may not be able to realize the anticipated benefits from acquisitions and divestments.

 

Mergers and acquisitions may not succeed due to various reasons, such as difficulties in integrating activities and realising synergies, outcomes differing from key assumptions, host governments reacting or responding in a different manner from that envisaged, or liabilities and costs being underestimated. Any of these would reduce our ability to realise the anticipated benefits. We may not be able to successfully divest non-core assets at acceptable prices, resulting in increased pressure on our cash position. In the case of divestments, we may be held liable for past acts, or failures to act or perform responsibilities. We may also be subject to liabilities if a purchaser fails to fulfil all of its commitments. These risks may result in an increase in our costs and inability to achieve our business goals.

 

The nature of our operations exposes us and the communities in which we work to a wide range of health, safety, security and environment risks.

 

Every aspect of our daily operations exposes us to health, safety, security and environmental (HSSE) risks given the geographical area, operational diversity and technical complexity of our operations. Our operations include productions and transportations of oil and gas in difficult geographic or climate zones, as well as environmentally sensitive regions, such as Canada, the basins in Uganda or offshore, especially in deep water area. Our operations expose us and the areas in which we operate to a number of risks, including major process safety incidents, natural disasters, earthquakes, social unrest, health and safety lapses and crimes. If a major HSSE risk materialises, such as an explosion or hydrocarbon spill, this could result in casualties, environmental damage disruption of business activities and, depending on their cause and severity, material damage to our reputation, exclusion from bidding on mineral rights and eventually loss of our licence to operate. In certain circumstances, liabilities could be imposed without regard to our fault in the matter. Regulatory requirements for HSSE change constantly and may become more stringent over time. In the future, we may incur significant additional costs in complying with such requirements or bear liabilities such as fines, penalties, clean-up costs and third-party claims, as a result of breach of laws and regulations relating to HSSE matter. Our reputation may be adversely affected.

 

We maintain various insurance policies for our operations against potential losses. However, our ability to insure against our risks is subject to the availability of relevant insurance products in the market. In addition, we cannot ensure you that our insurance coverage is sufficient to cover any losses that we may incur, or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our existing insurance policies on a timely basis, or at all. If any of our losses are not covered by our insurance coverage, or if the insurance compensation is less than our losses or the claim is not paid on a timely basis, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Violations of anti-fraud, corruption and corporate governance laws may expose us to various risks.

 

Laws and regulations of the host countries or regions in which we operate, such as laws on anti-corruption, anti-fraud and corporate governance, are constantly changing and strengthening, especially in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and China. The compliance with these laws and regulations may increase our cost. If the Company, our employees, executives or directors fail to comply with any of such laws and regulations, it may expose us to prosecution or punishment, damage to our brand and reputations, the ability to obtain new resources and/or access to the capital markets, and it may even expose us to civil or criminal liabilities.

 

The current or future activities of our controlling shareholder, CNOOC, or its affiliates in certain countries that are the subject of U.S. sanctions could result in negative media and investor attention and possible imposition of sanctions on CNOOC, which could materially and adversely affect our shareholders.

 

We cannot predict the interpretation or implementation of government policies at the U.S. federal, state or local levels with respect to any current or future activities by CNOOC or its affiliates in countries or with individuals or entities that are the subject of U.S. sanctions. As a result of such activities by CNOOC, we could be prohibited from engaging in business activities in the U.S. or with U.S. individuals or entities, and U.S. transactions in our securities and distributions to U.S. individuals and entities with

 

respect to our securities could also be prohibited. Pension or endowment funds of certain U.S. State and local governments or universities may sell our securities due to certain restrictions on investments in companies that engage in activities in sanctioned countries, such as Iran and Sudan. We may also be subject to negative media or investor attention, which may distract management, consume internal resources and affect investors’ perception of our company and investment in our company.

 

As required by the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012, which added a disclosure requirement to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we are providing certain information regarding our non-controlled affiliates’ activities. To our knowledge, in 2016, China Oilfield Services Limited (COSL), one of our non-controlled affiliates, provided certain drilling and other related services in Iran, and another non-controlled affiliate of ours was engaged in submarine cable installation and trenching services in Iran. We cannot predict at this time whether U.S. sanctions will be imposed on any of our affiliates.

 

Any failure to replace reserves and develop our proved undeveloped reserves could adversely affect our business and our financial position.

 

Our exploration and development activities involve inherent risks, including the risk of not discovering commercially productive oil or gas reservoirs and that the wells we drill may not be able to commence production or may not be sufficiently productive to generate a return of our partial or full investments. In addition, approximately 51.2% of our proved reserves were undeveloped as of 31 December 2016. Our future success depends on our ability to develop these reserves in a timely and cost-effective manner. There are various risks in developing reserves, mainly including construction, operational, geophysical, geological and regulatory risks.

 

The reliability of reserve estimates depends on a number of factors, including the quality and quantity of technical and economic data, the market prices of our oil and gas products, the production performance of reservoirs, extensive engineering judgments, comprehensive judgement of engineers and the fiscal and tax regime in the countries where we have operations or assets.

 

Many of the factors, assumptions and variables involved in estimating reserves are beyond our control and may prove be incorrect over time. Consequently, the results of drilling, testing, production and changes in the price of oil and gas may require substantial upward or downward revisions to our initial reserve data.

 

If we fail to develop or gain access to appropriate technologies, or to deploy them effectively, the realization of our strategies as well as our competitiveness and ability to operate may be adversely affected.

 

Technology and innovation are vital for us in meeting the global energy demands in a competitive environment.For example, we strive to rely on technologies and innovations to enhance our competiveness in the development of unconventional oil and gas resources, including oil sands, shale oil and gas and coalbed methane, and deep water exploration and development. In the context of an operating environment with stricter environmental compliance standards and requirements, although current knowledge recognise these newly developed technologies as safe to the environment, there still exists unknown or unpredictable elements that may have an impact on the environment. This may in turn harm our reputation and operation, increase our costs or even result in litigations and sanctions. We may face risks in failing to meet the required environmental standards if our technologies in unconventional oil and gas operations are not sophisticated.

 

Breach of our cyber security or break down of our IT infrastructure could damage our operations and our reputation.

 

Intentional attacks on our cyber system, negligent management of our cyber security and IT system management and other factors may cause damage or break down to our IT infrastructure, which may disrupt our operations, result in loss or misuse of data or sensitive information, cause injuries, environmental harm or damages in assets, violate laws or regulations and result in potential legal liability. These actions could result in significant costs or damage to our reputational.

 

CNOOC largely controls us and we regularly enter into connected party transactions with CNOOC and its affiliates.

 

Currently, CNOOC indirectly owns or controls 64.44% of our shares. As a result, CNOOC is able to control our board composition, or our Board, determine the time and amount in dividend payments, and controls us in various aspects. Under current PRC laws, CNOOC has the exclusive right to enter into PSCs with foreign enterprises for the petroleum resources exploitation in offshore China. Although CNOOC has undertaken to transfer all of its rights and obligations under any new PSCs to us (except for those relating to administrative functions as a state-owned company), our strategies, results of operations and financial position may be adversely affected in the event CNOOC takes actions that favour its own interests over ours.

 

In addition, we regularly enter into connected transactions with CNOOC and its affiliates. Certain connected transactions require a review by the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and are subject to prior approvals by the independent shareholders. If these transactions are not approved, the Company may not be able to proceed as planned and it may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

 

Oil and natural gas transportation may expose us to financial loss and reputation harm.

 

Our oil and gas transportation involves marine, land and pipeline transportation, which are subject to hazards such as capsizing, collision, acts of piracy and damage or loss from severe weather conditions, explosions, oil and gas spills and leakages. These hazards could result in serious personal injury or loss of human life, significant damage to property and equipment, environmental pollution, impairment of operations, risk of financial loss and reputation harm. We may not be insured against all of these risks and uninsured losses and liabilities arising from these hazards could reduce the funds available to us for financing, exploration and investment, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We face various risks with regard to our business and operations in North America.

 

Transportation and export infrastructure in North America is limited, and without the construction of new transportation and export infrastructure, our oil and natural gas production capacity may be affected. In addition, we may be required to sell our products into the North American markets at lower prices than in other markets, which could materially and adversely affect our financial performance.

 

Aboriginal people in Canada have claimed aboriginal title and rights to the lands and mineral resources in substantial portion of western Canada. As a result, negotiations with aboriginal people on surface activities are required and may result in timing uncertainties or delays of future development activities. Declaration by aboriginal people, if successful, could have a significant adverse effect on our business in Canada.

 

We may have limited control over our investments in joint ventures and our operations with partners.

 

A portion of our operations are conducted in the forms of partnerships or in joint ventures in which we may have limited ability to influence and control their operation or future development. Our limited ability to influence and control the operation or future development of such joint ventures could materially and adversely affect the realization of our target returns on capital investment and lead to unexpected future costs.

 

If we depend heavily on key customers or suppliers, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

 

Key sales customers – if any of our key customers reduced their crude oil purchases from us significantly, our results of operation could be adversely affected. In order to reduce reliance on a single customer, we adopt measures including signing annual sales contracts, developing sales plans, and participating in market competition so as to maintain a stable cooperation with customers.

 

Key suppliers – we have strengthened our communication in business with our key suppliers in order to maintain a good working relationship. We have also established strategic partnerships through communications and a consensus in corporate cultures and win-win cooperation. Further, we actively explore new suppliers to ensure adequacy and foster competition.

 

We face currency risks and liquidity risks.

 

Currency risks – The Company’s oil and gas sales are substantially denominated in Renminbi and U.S. dollars. The depreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may result in double effects. The appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi may increase the Company’s revenue in the sales of oil and gas, but it may increase our costs of equipment and import of raw materials in the meantime.

 

Liquidity risks – Certain restrictions on dividend distribution imposed by the laws of the host countries in which we operate may adversely and materially affect our cash flows. For instance, as the dividend of our wholly owned subsidiaries in the PRC shall be distributed pursuant to the laws of the PRC and the articles and association, and we may face risks of not obtaining adequate cash flows from such subsidiaries. In addition, a ratings downgrade could potentially increase financing costs and adversely impact our ability to access financing, which could put pressure on the Company’s liquidity.

 

health, safety and environmental protection (“Hse”)

 

As always, the Company takes safety as top priority in its works. “Safety and environmental protection come first, people oriented and well-equipped facilities” have been regarded as the core values of health, safety and environmental protection (HSE). The Company constantly improves the systematic management of HSE work and nourishes a safety culture with characteristics of the Company, striving to provide a safe working environment for the Company and contractors and establishing first class management capability in safe production.

 

In 2016, the Company continued to improve HSE management, adhered to systematic management, completely upgraded the

 

HSE internal control system and converted management documents covering overseas projects HSE and public health events and accidents into internal control system. In 2016, the Company strengthened safety supervising measures, implemented management and control of offshore production facilities according to the level of risks, established complete risk monitoring and control indicators including monitoring and control of major operating risks of well control and engineering construction, which effectively prevented major incidents. The Company also strengthened base-level frontline safety management, promoted the establishment of job responsibility list, improved the site patrol and inspection system and enhanced the protection ability in respect of safety production on site.

 

For offshore China, in 2016, the Company coordinated annual audit inspection to promote HSE management, organised and conducted HSE system review, and special review of high risk contractors such as diving contractors and helicopter contractors. Special production safety inspections were also carried out and self-inspection was organised utilizing information system for units under the Company according to “Six Provisions on Work Safety Announcement” and the implementation of remedial measures was supervised.

 

In 2016, the Company comprehensively enhanced the risk prevention ability of systems by improving emergency response management mechanism, integrating emergency response management information systems, improving ICS system establishment and comprehensively strengthening emergency response training and exercises to minimize the impact of emergencies. Early warning and emergency handling were properly made all times. There were 13 typhoons affecting the normal production during the year, and the Company successfully avoided personal injury and death by initiating typhoon emergency plan.

 

In 2016, the Company paid more attention to the safety management of base-level units and held an essay writing activity of “Safety Management at the Base-level”. We summed up and refined the safety management experience of base-level units, and publicised and promoted effective safety management measures.

 

In 2016, the Company intensified the coordinated management of energy saving and emission reduction, released “Development Plan of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction for the Next Five Year”, made a thorough survey on energy saving and emission reduction in units under the Company, developed carbon emission monitoring and verification techniques and endeavoured to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. The consolidated energy consumption was 2,710,300 tons of standard coal, consolidated energy consumption for unit oil and gas produced was 0.0470 ton standard coal/ton, and energy saving of 162,200 tons of standard coal was achieved for the year.

 

Overseas, the Company organised and conducted a HSE review of the Nexen headquarters in Calgary and Long Lake oil sands facilities in Canada and a safety review on the facilities and equipment evaluation of the Indonesian SES oilfield delayed project and pushed further ahead the establishment and improvement of HSE management plans for oversea projects of units under the Company.

 

During 2016, the Company’s safety management faced challenges again, but we upheld high HSE standards. The Company’s OSHA (Occupation Safety and Health Administration) statistics of the year is shown below.

 

Number

Rate

Gross

Number of

Rate of

of Lost

of Lost

Man-hours

Recordable

Recordable

Workdays

Workdays

Fatal

Scope

(million)

Cases

Cases

Cases

Cases

Cases

Company staff

43

10

0.05

5

0.02

3

Staff of the Company and

direct contractors

122

65

0.11

26

0.04

5

 

Corporate Citizen

 

The Company has been pursuing good social responsibility and the development of harmony between enterprise and society, and between people and nature, and has regarded its social responsibility as an undeniable obligation. While being committed to achieving sustainable development and creating value for its shareholders, the Company strives to provide clean and reliable energy supply for society and meeting needs of stakeholders.

 

Our social responsibilities are: to build CNOOC Limited into a driving force for sustainable energy supply, a leading force for clean, healthy and green energy development, and a motivating force for the mutual progress of stakeholders and society.

 

In 2017, the Company will publish and provide on its website the “2016 Environmental, Society and Governance Report”, which will set out a full review of the corporate social responsibility performed by the Company in 2016.

 

Human resources

 

The Company always considers employees as its most valuable asset and cares for their rights and development. The Company strives to create an open, transparent and fair working environment. We adhere to the people-oriented spirit and staff caring concept, placing high emphasis on safeguarding the legal rights and interest of our staff. The Company has built a professional and highly efficient workforce capable of overcoming challenges, which has been essential to the success of the Company.

 

In 2016, under the pressure of persisting low oil price, the Company continued to motivate staff and inspire their creativity through improving institutional mechanisms and systems, enhancing organizational efficiency, continuing to strengthen the teams’ ability and to stimulate their talent. We had built up adequate human resources support amid the suppressed oil price environment.

 

Labor Policy underpinned by Objectivity, Openness and Fairness

 

The Company protects the basic human rights of all employees according to laws, and respects the values, identity and privacy of employees with different cultural background. In China, the Company is in strict compliance with “Labour Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Labour Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China” and other labor laws and regulations to safeguard all the legal rights and interests of our employees. Overseas, the Company abides by relevant laws and regulations and diligently implements the relevant international conventions ratified by the Chinese government to ensure that we respect the legal rights of all our employees.

 

All employees entered into employment contracts with the Company based on the principles of equality and voluntariness. The Company opposes any form of inhumane treatment and forced labour and is in strict compliance with regulations regarding salary, overtime hours and statutory benefits requirements in places where we operate.

 

The Company actively creates systems and mechanisms with equal opportunities and fair rules and establishes a culture of respecting and trusting talents, so as to provide an environment that motivates employees to pursue personal development and advancement, and establish a clean, sound, open and inclusive cultural environment. The Company upholds the principle of objectivity, openness and fairness in the employment system in respect of recruitment, training, promotion and compensation regardless of race, nationality, religion, gender, age, marital status and employees with special legal status.

 

The Company adheres to gender equality in the workplace, and makes an active effort to increase the number of female employees and to offer training for management positions for women. In addition, the Company also organizes a variety of leisure activities for female employees through different means and encourages them to participate in a variety of activities.

 

Sufficient Safeguard of Employees’ Rights

 

The Company also strives to create an open, transparent and fair working environment. Adhering to the people-oriented spirit and staff caring concept, we place high emphasis on safeguarding the legal rights of our staff.

 

We offer employees with competitive compensation packages amongst industry peers and establish a salary growth mechanism, gradually implementing an allocation system that is consistent with the market. The Company’s remuneration system, which fully takes field employees into account, is closely associated with employees’ performance and contributions. A pay mechanism that links employee incomes with the Company’s profits growth has also been adopted to ensure that our employees fully benefit from the growth and development of the Company.

 

A comprehensive and effective social security system has also been built and all kinds of social and supplementary insurances are provided for employees on a timely basis. In addition to making contributions for the five basic social insurances including pension, medical, work-related injury, unemployment and maternity insurances, the Company also provides supplementary insurances including personal accident insurance, commercial supplementary medical insurance and supplementary medical insurance for children.

 

A series of measures have been adopted to help employees maintain better work-life balances, which include: providing employees with paid annual leave and family visit leave, one-off settling subsidies and comprehensive allowances for employees deployed to positions away from home to help them adapt to living in such places.

 

 

Staff Development

 

We focus on providing opportunities and career development path for the advancement and personal growth of our staff. Based on different professional groups and job characteristics, the Company has built respective paths for promotions. In 2016, the title management system was further improved to strengthen appraisal work.

 

For staff training, the Company offered a variety of training courses to ensure comprehensive coverage. In 2016, a total of approximately 205,000 attendees participated in the Company’s trainings and 40 core training programs and projects were completed for key professionals and positions with approximately 1,680 attendees.

 

The Company continued to encourage professional skills certification and further increased the proportion of experienced professionals. In 2016, a total of approximately 3,000 employees received certifications. Currently there are approximately 3,900 employees with titles of senior worker or above, and approximately 670 technicians and senior technicians, accounting for 65% and 11% of the total technical workforce, respectively.

 

Cultivation of International Talents

 

The Company has always placed strong focus on the cultivation of international talents with an established system of strata training through a variety of ways to enhance international talent cultivation, promoting business integration within and outside the Company.

 

In 2016, the Company followed up and evaluated the effectiveness of the revised overseas human resources management measures, whereby problems were analysed and measures were improved to satisfy the different needs of human resources management for overseas business. We continued to implement measures and projects for international talents selection, training and appraisal, and formulated appraisal standard for international talents. Short- and long-term talent exchanges were continuously made with Nexen to cultivate international talents and facilitate integration.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       25

 

Corporate Governance Report

 

GOVERNANCE STANDARDS

 

The Company has always upheld and attained high standard of business ethics, for which its transparency and standard of governance have been recognized by the public and its shareholders. In 2016, the Company was awarded the “Asia’s Best CSR (China)”, “Asia’s Best CEO (Investor Relations (China))” and “Best Investor Relations Company (China)” by Corporate Governance Asia magazine, “2016 Corporate Governance awards – Platinum” and “2016 Corporate Awards-Best Initiatives in Environmental Responsibility” by The Asset magazine, and “2016 China Securities Golden Bauhinia Awards – Most Influential Brand for a Listed Company” by Ta Kung Pao. High and strict standard of corporate governance enables the Company to operate steadily and efficiently and is in the long-term interests of the Company and its shareholders.

 

Since its listing, the Company has endeavoured to maximize its shareholders’ value. In 2016, the Company executed its corporate governance policies strictly and sought to comply with the relevant provisions in the “Corporate Governance Code and Corporate Governance Report” set out in Appendix 14 to the Listing Rules (the “CG Code”), ensuring that all decisions were made on the principles of trust and fairness and in an open and transparent manner so as to protect the interests of all shareholders. The Company values the importance of corporate governance and in light of the CG Code, the Company set out a summary of the Company’s key corporate governance practices during 2016 below.

 

KEY CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES AND THE COMPANY’S PRACTICES

 

A.

DIRECTORS

 

A.1

The Board

 

Principle: “An issuer should be headed by an effective board which should assume responsibility for its leadership and control and be collectively responsible for promoting its success by directing and supervising its affairs. Directors should take decisions objectively in the best interests of the issuer.

 

The board should regularly review the contribution required from a director to perform his responsibilities to the issuer, and whether he is spending sufficient time performing them.”

 

•

The Board consisted of eight members, including two Executive Directors, two Non-executive Directors and four Independent Non-executive Directors, as of 31 December 2016.

 

•

The list of Directors, their respective biographies, and their respective roles in the Committees and the management are set out on pages 44 to 51 and 152 of this annual report, respectively. The relevant information has also been disclosed on the Company’s website.

 

•

The Board and Committee members of the Company are dedicated, professional and accountable.

 

•

The Company holds Board meetings at least four times a year at approximately quarterly intervals. Five Board meetings were held in 2016. Members of the Board have also actively participated in the discussions on the business and operation of the Company, either in person or through other electronic means of communication such as emails, when necessary.

 

•

There exists an open atmosphere for Directors to contribute alternative views. All decisions of the Board are made on the principles of trust and fairness in an open and transparent manner, so as to protect the interests of all shareholders.

 

•

The Board has regularly reviewed the contribution required from a Director to perform his responsibilities to the Company, and whether he is spending sufficient time performing them in accordance with the CG Code.

 

26    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Attendance of full Board meetings held in 2016

 

		No. of meetings attended
		(5 meetings in total)
		by Director				by proxy
Executive Directors
Yang Hua (Chairman) (Note 1)			5				0
Yuan Guangyu (Note 2)			3				0
Li Fanrong (Note 3)			2				0
Non-executive Directors
Liu Jian (Vice Chairman) (Note 4)			0				0
Wu Guangqi (Note 5)			5				0
Lv Bo (Note 6)			5				0
Independent
Non-executive Directors
Chiu Sung Hong			5				0
Lawrence J. Lau			5				0
Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius			5				0
Kevin G. Lynch			5				0

   

Note 1:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yang Hua, Chairman of the Board, was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director of the Company and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

 

Note 2:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company.

 

Note 3:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company.

 

Note 4:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

Note 5:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-executive Director. With effect from 20 December 2016, he was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

Note 6:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

•

The Joint Company Secretaries consulted the Directors on matters to be included in the agenda for regular Board meetings.

 

•

Dates of regular Board meetings have been scheduled at least two months before the meeting to provide sufficient notice to all Directors so that they can have an opportunity to attend. For non-regular Board meetings, reasonable advance notices have been given.

 

•

Minutes of the meetings of the Board and Committees are kept by the Joint Company Secretaries and open for inspection at any reasonable time upon reasonable request by any Director.

 

•

Minutes of the meetings of the Board and Committees recorded sufficient details of the matters considered by the Board and Committees and decisions reached, including any concerns raised by Directors or dissenting views expressed. Draft and final versions of the minutes of the Board meetings and Committee meetings are sent to all Directors and all Committee members respectively within a reasonable time after the Board meetings and Committee meetings for their comments and records.

 

•

Committees may, upon reasonable request, seek independent professional advice in appropriate circumstances at the Company’s expense. The Board would resolve to provide separate independent professional advice to Directors to assist them in performing their duties to the Company at the Company’s expense.

 

•

If a substantial shareholder or a Director has a conflict of interest in a matter to be considered by the Board and such interest has been considered to be material by the Board, the matter will not be dealt with by a written resolution but a Board meeting will be convened for that matter. Independent Non-executive Directors who do not (and whose close associates also do not) have material interest in the transaction will be present at such Board meeting.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       27

 

 

•

The Company has arranged appropriate insurance cover in respect of legal action against its Directors.

 

A.2

Chairman and Chief Executive

 

Principle: “There are two key aspects of the management of every issuer — the management of the board and the day-to-day management of business. There should be a clear division of these responsibilities to ensure a balance of power and authority, so that power is not concentrated in any one individual.”

 

•

Mr. Yang Hua serves both as the Chairman of the Board and as the CEO of the Company as he is familiar with the culture and operations of the Company and has extensive experience in the oil and gas industry. The Directors consider that vesting two roles in the same individual enables the Company to make and implement decisions promptly and efficiently and will not impair the balance of power and authority between the Directors and the management of the Company.

 

•

The Chairman ensures all Directors are properly briefed on issues arising at Board meetings and is responsible for ensuring that Directors receive, in a timely manner, adequate information, which must be accurate, clear, complete and reliable.

 

•

One of the important roles of the Chairman is to provide leadership for the Board. The Chairman ensures that the Board works effectively and performs its responsibilities, and that all key and appropriate issues are discussed by the Board in a timely manner. The Chairman delegates the responsibility of drawing up the agenda for each Board meeting and Committee meeting to the Joint Company Secretaries who will take into account, where appropriate, any matters proposed by the other Directors for inclusion in the agenda, and the Chairman is primarily responsible for approving the agenda.

 

•

The Chairman takes primary responsibility for ensuring that good corporate governance practices and procedures are established.

 

•

The Chairman encourages all Directors to make full and active contribution to the Board’s affairs and takes the lead to ensure that the Board acts in the best interests of the Company. The Chairman encourages Directors with different views to voice their concerns, allows sufficient time for discussion of issues and ensures that Board decisions fairly reflect Board consensus.

 

•

The Chairman holds meetings with the Independent Non-executive Directors and Non-executive Directors without the presence of the Executive Directors at least annually.

 

•

The Chairman ensures that appropriate steps are taken to provide effective communication with shareholders and that their views are communicated to the Board as a whole.

 

•

The Chairman promotes a culture of openness and debate by facilitating the effective contribution of Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors in particular and ensuring constructive relations between Executive and Non-executive Directors.

 

•

The CEO is responsible for conducting the Company’s business and affairs consistent with the principles and directions established by the Board.

 

A.3

Board composition

 

Principle: “The board should have a balance of skills, experience and diversity of perspectives appropriate to the requirements of the issuer’s business. It should ensure that changes to its composition can be managed without undue disruption. It should include a balanced composition of executive and non-executive directors (including independent non-executive directors) so that there is a strong independent element on the board, which can effectively exercise independent judgment. Non-executive directors should be of sufficient calibre and number for their views to carry weight.”

 

•

The Board, as representatives of the shareholders of the Company, is committed to the achievement of business success and the enhancement of long-term shareholder’s value with the highest standards of integrity and ethics. The role of the Board is to direct, guide and oversee the conduct of the Company’s business and to ensure that the interests of the shareholders are being served.

 

•

As of 31 December 2016, the Board consisted of eight members: two of them were Executive Directors, two of them were

 

28    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Non-executive Directors and four of them were Independent Non-executive Directors. All Directors were identified by categories of Executive Directors, Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors in all corporate communications that set out the names of the Directors of the Company. A list of the Directors identifying their updated roles and functions was maintained on the Company’s website and on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s website during the reporting period.

 

•

The Executive Directors of the Company are all individuals with extensive experience in the Company’s respective fields of operation. Both of them are familiar with the Company’s businesses and have cooperated with leading global players in the oil and gas industry. Both Mr. Yang Hua and Mr. Yuan Guangyu have over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry.

 

•

The Non-executive Directors of the Company are all individuals with extensive experience in the parent company’s respective fields of operation.

 

•

The Independent Non-executive Directors of the Company are all professionals or scholars with backgrounds in the legal, economic, financial and investment fields. They have extensive experience and knowledge of corporate management and make significant contributions to the Company’s strategic decisions.

 

•

The Company believes that the active involvement of the Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors in the management and decision making of the Board and its Committees strengthens the objectivity and independence of the Board.

 

•

The diverse backgrounds of the Board members ensure that they can fully represent the interests of all shareholders of the Company and to enhance the effectiveness of the Board and corporate governance.

 

•

The Company has received annual confirmations from all of its Independent Non-executive Directors acknowledging full compliance with the relevant requirements in respect of their independence pursuant to Rule 3.13 of the Listing Rules. The Company is therefore of the view that all of the Independent Non-executive Directors are independent.

 

A.4 & A.5 Appointments, re-election and removal & Nomination Committee

 

Principle: “There should be a formal, considered and transparent procedure for the appointment of new directors. There should be plans in place for orderly succession for appointments. All directors should be subject to re-election at regular intervals. An issuer must explain the reasons for the resignation or removal of any director.”

 

•

The Nomination Committee comprises two Independent Non-executive Directors (Mr. Lawrence J. Lau and Mr. Kevin G. Lynch) and one Executive Director (Mr. Yang Hua, whose re-designation from Non-executive Director to Executive Director became effective on 15 June 2016), with Mr. Yang Hua serving as the Chairman of the Nomination Committee. A list of members of the Nomination Committee is set out under the section headed “Company Information” on page 152 of this annual report.

 

•

The role of the Nomination Committee is to determine the policy and establish proper procedures for the selection of the Company’s leadership positions, upgrade the quality of Board members and perfect the Company’s corporate governance structure.

 

•

The main authorities and responsibilities of the Nomination Committee are to make recommendations to the Board for suitable candidates to serve as Directors and senior management of the Company for approval by the Board, to review the structure, size and composition of the Board (including the skills, knowledge and experience), and to evaluate the leadership abilities of Executive Directors, so as to ensure the competitiveness of the Company.

 

•

When nominating a particular candidate for director, the Nomination Committee will consider (1) the breadth and depth of the management and/or leadership experience of the candidate; (2) financial literacy or other professional or business experience of the candidate that are relevant to the Company and its business; and (3) the experience or knowledge of the candidate in international operations. All candidates must be able to meet the standards set out in Rules 3.08 and 3.09 of the Listing Rules. When nominating an Independent Non-executive Director who has served the Company for more than nine years, the Board will propose shareholders’ vote by way of a separate resolution on any decision to re-elect such Independent Non-executive Director and include in the circular and/or explanatory statement accompanying the notice of the relevant general meeting to shareholders the reasons why the Board still considers such Director as independent and

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       29

 

shall be re-elected. Mr. Lawrence J. Lau who has served as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company for over nine years, will retire from office and being eligible for re-election at the forthcoming annual general meeting of the Company to be held on 26 May 2017. Mr. Lau has thorough understanding of the Company’s operations and business. As an Independent Non-executive Director, Mr. Lau has expressed objective views and given valuable independent guidance to the Company over the years. He is currently a member of the audit committee and the nomination committee, and has served as a member of the independent board committee in connection with the connected transactions entered into by the Company and its subsidiaries. Mr. Lau has continued to demonstrate firm commitments to his role. Mr. Lau has provided confirmation of his independence according to Rule 3.13 of the Listing Rules. The Board considers that Mr. Lau remains independent for the purpose of the Listing Rules despite the fact that he has served the Board for over nine years. In accordance with Code Provision A.4.3 of the CG Code, the Company will include in the notice of the annual general meeting to be held in 2017 and the circular of the Company the reasons why the Board still considers Mr. Lau as independent and shall be re-elected.

 

•

The Nomination Committee is also responsible for evaluating the contributions and independence of incumbent Directors so as to determine whether they should be recommended for re-election. Based on such evaluation, the Nomination Committee will recommend to the Board candidates for re-election at general meetings and appropriate replacements (if necessary). The Board, based on the recommendations of the Nomination Committee, will propose to the shareholders the candidates for re-election at the relevant general meetings.

 

•

A Director appointed by the Board to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition shall hold office until the next extraordinary general meeting and/or annual general meeting (as appropriate).

 

•

Our Non-executive Directors are appointed for a term of one year. However, none of our existing Independent Non-executive Directors are appointed for a specific term, which constitutes a deviation from the CG Code. Further explanation is set out under the section headed “Compliance with the Corporate Governance Code” on page 42.

 

•

All Directors, including those appointed for a specific term are subject to retirement by rotation once every three years and are subject to re-election in accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company (as amended and adopted by special resolution of the Company on 27 May 2009) (the “Articles”) and the CG Code.

 

•

The following is a summary of the work performed by the Nomination Committee under its charter during the year:

 

—

Reviewed the structure, size and composition (including the skills, knowledge and experience) of the Board and its committees and made recommendations on any proposed changes to the Board to complement the Company’s corporate strategy;

 

—

Assessed the independence of Independent Non-executive Directors;

 

—

Identified individuals suitably qualified to become Board members and made recommendations to the Board on the selection of individuals nominated for directorships;

 

—

Made recommendations to the Board on the re-election of Directors and reviewed succession planning for Directors, in particular the Chairman and CEO, according to the nomination procedure and process and criteria adopted by the Company;

 

—

Reviewed and monitored the training and continuous professional development of Directors and senior management and made recommendations to the Board in that regard; and

 

—

Evaluated and assessed the effectiveness of the Nomination Committee and the adequacy of the charter of the Nomination Committee and recommended the proposed changes to the charter to the Board (if necessary).

 

•

During the year ended 31 December 2016, Mr. Yang Hua, the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nomination Committee, was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director and appointed as the CEO with effect from 15 June 2016. Mr. Yuan Guangyu, was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016. Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 20 December 2016. Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-executive Director and also resigned as the Compliance Officer of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016, and

 

30    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company with effect from 20 December 2016. Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016. Mr Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company with effect from 20 December 2016. Other than the above, the Nomination Committee considered that any other change to the composition of the Board was not necessary. It will keep assessing whether any such change is required going forward and will recommend to the Board qualified candidates as Directors according to the nomination policy and procedure of the Nomination Committee.

 

•

In accordance with Code Provision A.5.6 of the CG Code and to demonstrate the Company’s continued commitment to high standards of corporate governance, the Board adopted a board diversity policy (the “Policy”) on 20 August 2013 prior to the implementation date as required by the Listing Rules. The Policy aims to continue to improve corporate governance and ensure the diversity of Board members. A summary of the Policy is set out below:

 

Purpose:	The Policy aims to continue to improve corporate governance and ensure the diversity on the Board.
Policy statement:	With a view to leading its leap-forward development, the Company sees increasing diversity at the Board level as an essential element in supporting the attainment of its strategic objectives and sustainable development. In designing the Board’s composition, board diversity shall be considered from a number of aspects, including but not limited to, gender, age, cultural and educational background, professional experience, skills, knowledge and length of service. All Board appointments will be based on meritocracy, and candidates will be considered against objective criteria, having due regard to the benefits of diversity on the Board.
Selection criterion:	Selection of candidates will be based on diversity of perspectives, including but not limited to, gender, age, cultural and educational background, professional experience, skills, knowledge and diversified vision.

 

Since the adoption of the Policy in August 2013, the Board has observed the Policy and took into account the objectives set out in the Policy in reviewing its Board composition. In particular, in selecting the candidates for Non-executive Director, not only the Board considered the knowledge, experience and industry-specific exposures of the candidates, the Board also took into account other factor such as cultural background and diversified vision of the candidates. In selecting candidates for Executive Director, the Board will consider knowledge and exposures in the oil and gas industry, leadership and management skills and experience and length of service at the Group. As a result, the Nomination Committee considered that there is sufficient diversity at the Board level.

 

Attendance of individual members at Nomination Committee meetings in 2016

 

		No. of meeting attended
		(1 meeting in total)
Directors		by committee member				by proxy
Yang Hua (Chairman)			1				0
Lawrence J. Lau			1				0
Kevin G. Lynch			1				0

 

A.6

Responsibilities of Directors

 

Principle: “Every director must always know his responsibilities as a director of an issuer and its conduct, business activities and development. Given the essential unitary nature of the board, non-executive directors have the same duties of care and skill and fiduciary duties as executive directors.”

 

•

The Company regularly updates its Directors with changes in laws and regulations relevant to their roles as Directors of the Company.

 

•

Directors’ training and professional development:

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       31

 

–

All Directors newly appointed to the Board receive a comprehensive, formal and tailored induction on appointment for the purpose of giving an overview of the business and operations of the Group and appropriate briefings and trainings from the Company covering the statutory and regulatory obligations of Directors, organizational structure, policies, procedures and codes of the Company and terms of reference of Committees. The senior management and the Joint Company Secretaries will also conduct subsequent briefings as and when necessary to ensure that the Directors are kept appraised of the latest developments relevant to the operations and business of the Company, and their responsibilities under statutes and common law, the Listing Rules, legal and other regulatory requirements as well as the Company’s business and governance policies, so that they are able to discharge their responsibilities properly.

 

–

The Company also recognizes the importance of continuous professional development of the Directors. Directors are encouraged to participate in continuous professional development to develop and refresh their knowledge and skills. During the year, the Company arranged a training conducted by its external professional advisers on the updates on Listing Rules, applicable laws, rules and regulations relating to Directors’ duties and responsibilities. The training covered a broad range of topics including new amendments to the Listing Rules, risk management and internal control systems, Environmental, Social and Governance reporting and US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.

 

–

Certain Directors also attended trainings organized by the Company or external professional bodies on other regulatory updates as well as obligations of directors. In addition, Directors also read materials/publications which they thought appropriate and necessary for the fulfillment of their roles. The Directors provided their regular training records to the Company.

 

–

In addition, the Company also provided regular updates to Directors in respect of continuing obligations of listed issuers and their directors as well as monthly updates on the business and operations of the Group.

 

•

The Non-executive Directors and the Independent Non-executive Directors actively participate in Board meetings and Committees meetings to exercise their independent judgement on issues of strategy, policy, performance, accountability, resources, key appointments and standards of conduct of the Company. They are responsible for taking the lead where potential conflicts of interests arise.

 

•

The Non-executive Directors and the Independent Non-executive Directors are invited to serve on the Audit, Remuneration and Nomination Committees of the Company.

 

•

During 2016, each Non-executive Director or Independent Non-executive Director attended or otherwise appointed an alternate to attend all regularly scheduled meetings of the Board and Committees on which such Non-executive Director or Independent Non-executive Director sat in, and reviewed the meeting materials distributed in advance for such meetings and shared their experience, skills and expertise with the Board or the relevant Committees. All of the Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors of the Company made positive contributions to the development of the Company’s strategy and policies through independent, constructive and informed comments. The Non-executive Directors and the Independent Non-executive Directors have been responsible for scrutinising our performance in achieving agreed corporate goals and objectives and monitoring our performance reporting.

 

•

Mr. Yang Hua, Chairman of the Board, together with the Independent Non-executive Directors attended the General Meetings held in 2016 and responded to questions raised by the shareholders in order to develop a balanced understanding of the views of shareholders.

 

32    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Attendance at general meetings in 2016:

 

		No. of meetings attended
		(2* meetings in total)
Executive Directors
Yang Hua (Chairman) (Note 1)			2
Yuan Guangyu (Note 2)			1
Li Fanrong (Note 3)			0
Non-executive Directors
Liu Jian (Vice Chairman) (Note 4)			0
Wu Guangqi (Note 5)			1
Lv Bo (Note 6)			2
Independent Non-executive Directors
Chiu Sung Hong			2
Lawrence J. Lau			2
Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius			2
Kevin G. Lynch			2

  

Note 1:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yang Hua, Chairman of the Board, was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director of the Company and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

 

Note 2:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company.

 

Note 3:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company.

 

Note 4:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

Note 5:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-executive Director. With effect from 20 December 2016, he was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

Note 6:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

*

Two general meetings were held in 2016 including the Annual General Meeting held on 26 May 2016 and the extraordinary general meeting held on 1 December 2016.

 

•

The Directors are required to inform the Company in case of any change in the number and nature of offices held in public companies or organizations and other significant commitments. Please refer to “Directors and Senior Management” on pages 44 to 51 for the biographies of the Directors.

 

A.7

Supply of and access to information

 

Principle: “Directors should be provided in a timely manner with appropriate information in the form and quality to enable them to make an informed decision and perform their duties and responsibilities.”

 

•

The Company’s senior management regularly provides the Board and its Committees with adequate information in a timely manner to enable them to make informed decisions. Senior management also organises presentations to the Board conducted by professional advisers on specific transactions as appropriate.

 

•

For regular Board meetings and Committee meetings, the agenda and accompanying Board papers are sent in full to all Directors at least three days before the intended date of the Board meetings or Committee meetings.

 

•

The Board and each Director have separate and independent access to the Company’s senior management and also the Joint Company Secretaries, who will provide full and prompt responses to queries raised by the Directors. All Directors are entitled to have access to the Board papers, minutes and related materials upon reasonable notice.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       33

 

B.

REMUNERATION OF DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND BOARD EVALUATION

 

B.1

The level and make-up of remuneration and disclosure

 

Principle: “An issuer should disclose its directors’ remuneration policy and other remuneration related matters. The procedure for setting policy on executive directors’ remuneration and all directors’ remuneration packages should be formal and transparent. Remuneration levels should be sufficient to attract and retain directors to run the company successfully without paying more than necessary. No director should be involved in deciding his own remuneration.”

 

•

The Remuneration Committee comprises two Independent Non-executive Directors (Mr. Chiu Sung Hong and Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius), one Non-executive Director (Mr. Lv Bo served as a member of the Remuneration Committee until 20 December 2016 and Mr. Wu Guangqi served as a member of the Remuneration Committee with effect from 20 December 2016), with Mr. Chiu Sung Hong serving as the Chairman of the Remuneration Committee. The Remuneration Committee is delegated with the authority of determining and approving salaries, bonuses, share option packages, performance appraisal systems and retirement plans for all Executive Directors and senior management. A list of members of the Remuneration Committee is set out in “Company Information” on page 152 of this annual report.

 

•

The major responsibilities and authorities of the Remuneration Committee include making recommendations to the Board on the Company’s policy and structure of the remuneration of Directors and senior management of the Company and on the establishment of a formal and transparent procedure for developing remuneration policy, determining and reviewing the service contracts and specific remuneration packages for all Executive Directors and senior management, such as benefits in kind, pension rights and compensation payments, including any compensation payable for loss or termination of their office or appointment, reviewing and approving the compensation arrangements relating to dismissal or removal of Directors for misconduct to ensure consistency with contractual terms, and making recommendations to the Board on the remuneration of Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors.

 

•

The Company’s emolument policy is to maintain fair and competitive packages with reference to industry standards and prevailing market conditions. The Remuneration Committee is mindful that levels of remuneration must be sufficient to attract and retain the Directors and senior management in order to run the Company successfully, but at the same time, the Company should avoid setting remunerations which are in excess of those necessary for this purpose. The Directors’ emolument package may comprise the Director’s fees, basic salaries and allowances, bonuses, share options and others. The following factors are considered in determining the Directors’ remuneration package:

 

—

Business needs, company goals and objectives;

 

—

Responsibilities of the Directors and their individual contribution; and

 

—

Changes in relevant markets, for example, supply/demand fluctuations and changes in competitive conditions.

 

Details of the remuneration, as well as the share option benefits of Directors for the year ended 31 December 2016, are set out on pages 96 to 97 of this annual report.

 

No individual Director or any of his/her associates or senior management of the Company is permitted to determine his/her own remuneration.

 

The Company seeks to apply similar principles when determining the remuneration packages for senior management with reference to the Board’s corporate goals and objectives. Other general staff and employees are rewarded on a performance-rated basis with other fringe benefits such as social insurance, pension funds and medical cover.

 

Please refer to notes 9 to 10 to the financial statements on pages 96 to 98 of this annual report for details of Directors’ remuneration and senior management’s remuneration by band and the five highest paid individuals in the Company.

 

•

The remuneration of Non-executive Directors and Independent Non-executive Directors recommended by the Remuneration Committee is determined by the Board where the vote of the Directors concerned will not be counted in relation to their remuneration.

 

•

The Remuneration Committee also administers the Company’s share option schemes and all other employee equity-based compensation plans, with full authority to make all other determinations in the administration thereof, but subject to the

 

34    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

limitations prescribed by laws and the rules of such plans and programs.

 

•

The Remuneration Committee consults the Chairman and CEO about its proposal relating to the remuneration of other Executive Directors and have access to independent professional advice if necessary.

 

•

The following is a summary of the work performed by the Remuneration Committee under its charter during the year:

 

—

Reviewed and approved the remuneration packages of the Company’s individual Executive Directors and senior management of the Company;

 

—

Reviewed and approved the remuneration packages of the newly appointed Director and senior management;

 

—

Made recommendations to the Board on the Company’s policy and structure for Directors and senior management remuneration and on the establishment of a formal and transparent procedure for developing remuneration policy;

 

—

Assessed performance of Executive Directors and approved the terms of their service contracts;

 

—

Made recommendations to the Board on the remuneration of the Company’s Non-executive Directors; and

 

—

Evaluated and assessed the effectiveness of the Remuneration Committee and the adequacy of the charter of the Remuneration Committee and recommended the proposed changes to the charter to the Board (if necessary).

 

Attendance of individual members at Remuneration Committee meetings in 2016

 

		No. of meetings attended
		(2 meetings in total)
Directors		by committee member				by proxy
Chiu Sung Hong (Chairman)			2				0
Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius			2				0
Wu Guangqi (Note 1)			0				0
Lv Bo (Note 2)			1				1

 

Note 1:

Mr. Wu Guangqi was appointed as member of the Remuneration Committee with effect from 20 December 2016.

 

Note 2:

Mr. Lv Bo resigned as member of the Remuneration Committee with effect from 20 December 2016. Mr. Lv Bo appointed Mr. Chiu Sung Hong as his proxy to attend the Remuneration Committee meeting held on 30 November 2016 and to vote on his behalf.

 

C.

ACCOUNTABILITY AND AUDIT

 

C.1

Financial reporting

 

Principle: “The board should present a balanced, clear and comprehensible assessment of the company’s performance, position and prospects.”

 

•

The Company has established a mechanism for reporting to the Board by providing a monthly management report in order to ensure that the Board fully understands the operating conditions and the relevant financial position of the Company. The Board is responsible for preparing accounts that give a true and fair view of the Group’s financial position on a going-concern basis and other financial disclosures. Management provides the Board with the relevant information it needs to fulfill these responsibilities.

 

•

Directors will discuss the operating budget for the next year and approve the operating budget at the end of each year and will review the execution of the operating budget for the whole year. Management will also provide sufficient explanations and information to the Board. All significant changes in the operating conditions and investment decisions will be discussed in sufficient details by the Board.

 

•

Directors will also discuss and analyse the performance of the Group, the long term business model and corporate strategies of the Company for achieving the Company’s objectives and generating or preserving value over the longer term. Please

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       35

 

refer to the relevant section in Management’s Discussion and Analysis on pages 63 to 67 for details.

 

•

If necessary, the Directors will also engage professional independent consultants so that the Directors can gain an in-depth and comprehensive understanding and assessment of the relevant matters, in order to make well-grounded assessments.

 

•

In response to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act promulgated by the U.S. Congress in 2002 to safeguard the interests of investors, increase the accuracy and effectiveness of financial reporting and financial information disclosure, the management has issued a statement on the responsibility and effectiveness of internal control based on financial reporting, and the auditors of the Company have also audited the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

 

•

The Company regularly updates investors with progress of development and performance of the Company through formal channels such as annual reports, interim reports and announcements made through the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s website and the Company’s website, as well as through press releases. The Company also issues quarterly operational statistics and announces its strategy at the beginning of the year to enhance transparency about its performance and to give details of the latest development of the Company in a timely manner.

 

•

The Company provides a balanced, clear and understandable assessment in its interim and annual reports, other financial disclosures required by the Listing Rules, reports to the regulators and information disclosed under statutory requirements to enable investors to appraise its development over the period and its financial position.

 

•

The Company has also engaged independent technical consultant firms to conduct a review of its oil and gas business and discloses details of its oil and gas properties in its annual report (as set out on pages 131 to 143).

 

•

The Directors are not aware of any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt upon the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern as referred to in Code Provision C.1.3 of the CG Code.

 

•

The statement by the auditor of the Company regarding its reporting responsibilities on the financial statements of the Group is set out in the Independent Auditors’ Report on page 68.

 

C.2

Risk management and internal control

 

Principle: “The board is responsible for evaluating and determining the nature and extent of the risks it is willing to take in achieving the issuer’s strategic objectives, and ensuring that the issuer establishes and maintains appropriate and effective risk management and internal control systems. The board should oversee management in the design, implementation and monitoring of the risk management and internal control systems, and management should provide a confirmation to the board on the effectiveness of these systems.”

 

•

The Board acknowledges that it is its responsibilities to ensure that the Company establishes and maintains appropriate and effective risk management and internal control systems and review their effectiveness. Such systems are designed to manage rather than eliminate risks of failure to achieve business objectives, and can only provide reasonable, but not absolute, assurance against material misstatement or loss.

 

•

The Board regularly, and at least annually, receives reports from the management of the Company regarding the establishment, review and evaluation of the Company’s strategic, financial, operational and compliance control, risk management and internal control systems. All major risks are reported to the Board. The Board will also evaluate the corresponding risks and the response plan.

 

•

The Audit Committee is delegated by the Board to oversee the risk management and internal control systems and the internal audit function of the Company on an on-going basis (at least annually). For work completed by the Audit Committee on the Company’s risk management and internal control systems, please refer to the section headed “C.3 Audit Committee” below.

 

•

The Company’s Risk Management Committee is directly managed by the Chief Executive Officer and has been authorized by the Board to be in charge with the organization and implementation of the overall risk management and internal control. The Risk Management Committee is responsible for establishing the risk management and internal control systems, implementing standardized organization, authorization, responsibilities, procedures and methods for the risk management and internal control systems. The Risk Management Committee is also responsible for ongoing monitoring of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company, and makes periodic reports to the Audit Committee and the Board regarding the status of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company.

 

36    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

•

With respect to risk management, the Company has chosen and adopted the risk management framework issued by COSO in the United States of America (“COSO”), established a risk management system covering design, implementation, monitoring, assessment and continuous improvement based on the ISO 31000:2009 “Risk Management – Principles and Guidelines”. The Risk Management Committee established the overall targets and policies of the risk management system which are in line with the strategic objectives of the Company, and identified, analysed and assessed the overall risk of the Company, including the Company’s key risks in making major decisions, important events and key business processes. The Risk Management Committee is also responsible for reviewing and approving the response plans to major risks, as well as periodically following-up and reviewing the implementation of such response plans, in order to make sure that sufficient attention, monitor and responses will be paid to all key risks of the Company. The risk management reports are submitted to the Audit Committee and the Board periodically.

 

•

With respect to internal control, the Company has chosen and adopted the internal control framework issued by COSO, established an internal control system and mechanism over financial, operational and compliance controls and has conducted continuing review and evaluation of the internal control system of the Company to ensure the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of all information reported.

 

•

The Company has established procedures for identifying, handling and disseminating inside information in compliance with the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Chapter 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong), including the issue of an inside information disclosure policy, the requirement for the employees of the Company to read and comply with such policy and the annual review and update (if necessary) of such inside information disclosure policy, pre-clearance on dealing in Company’s securities by Directors and designated members of the management, notification of regular blackout period and securities dealing restrictions to relevant Directors and employees, identification of project by code name and dissemination of information to stated purpose and on a need-to-know base have been implemented by the Company to guard against possible mishandling of inside information within the Group.

 

•

Whistleblowing policy and system have been established for employees and those who deal with the Company to raise concerns about possible improprieties in any matter relating to the Company.

 

•

The Company has maintained an open channel to handle and discuss internal reports concerning finance, internal control and fraud to ensure that all reports will receive sufficient attention and any significant internal control weakness or reports will directly reach to the chairman of the Audit Committee.

 

•

The Company has established a mechanism for remediating internal control deficiency under which the management of each level are assigned with clear responsibilities relating to remediating internal control deficiency in accordance with their respective levels. Those responsibilities are also included in the internal performance indicators of the Company.

 

•

During the reporting period, the Company’s internal audit function provided independent assurance as to the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal control systems. The financial condition, operational control and compliance control of the Company were examined by the internal audit function according to the audit plan approved by the Audit Committee. Different audit areas were assigned according to risk priority. The internal audit function assisted the Board to monitor the effectiveness of the risk management and internal control systems. After completion of an internal audit, analysis, appraisals, recommendations related to the activities inspected were formulated. The internal audit function reported to the Audit Committee and the Board about internal audit findings, internal audit recommendation and the management responses. In addition, the internal audit function maintained a regular dialogue with the Company’s external auditors so that both are aware of the significant factors which may affect their respective scope of work.

 

•

Reports from external auditors on internal control and relevant financial reporting matters were presented to and reviewed by the Audit Committee.

 

•

The management reported the above works to the Audit Committee for the purpose of assisting the Audit Committee to review the effectiveness of the risk management and internal control systems.

 

•

The management evaluated the design and operating effectiveness of the Company’s risk management system and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting for 2016 and did not discover any material weakness from the evaluation. As a result, the Board considered that as of 31 December 2016, the Company’s risk management system and the Company’s internal control over financial reporting were effective.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       37

 

 

C.3

Audit Committee

 

Principle: “The board should establish formal and transparent arrangements to consider how it will apply financial reporting, risk management and internal control principles and maintain an appropriate relationship with the issuer’s auditors. The audit committee established under the Listing Rules should have clear terms of reference.”

 

•

The Audit Committee consists of three Independent Non-executive Directors (Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius, Mr. Chiu Sung Hong and Mr. Lawrence J. Lau), with Mr. Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius as the Audit Committee financial expert for the purposes of U.S. securities laws and Chairman of the Audit Committee. A list of members of the Audit Committee is set out under the section headed “Company Information” on page 152 of this annual report.

 

•

The Audit Committee meets at least twice a year and is responsible for reviewing the completeness, accuracy and fairness of the Company’s accounts, evaluating the Company’s auditing scope (both internal and external) and procedures as well as the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal control systems. The Audit Committee, together with senior management and the external auditors, review the accounting principles and practices adopted by the Group and discuss the risk management and internal control and financial reporting matters. The Board also assesses the effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems based on the reviews by the Risk Management Committee, senior management and internal audit function and external auditors.

 

•

The Audit Committee is also responsible for overseeing the operation of the internal control system so as to ensure that the Board is able to monitor the Company’s overall financial position, to protect the Company’s assets, and to prevent major errors or omissions in financial reporting. The Audit Committee also meets at least twice a year with our external auditors.

 

•

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the risk management and internal control systems of the Company on an ongoing basis and review with our external auditors and management periodically, not less than annually, the scope, adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s corporate accounting and financial controls, risk management and internal control systems, and any related significant findings regarding risks or exposures and consider recommendations for improvement of such controls. The review should cover all material aspects, including strategic, financial, operational and compliance controls. In conducting annual review, the Audit Committee should, in particular, consider the factors including (a) the changes, since the last annual review, in the nature and extent of significant risks, and the Company’s ability to respond to changes in its business and the external environment; (b) the scope and quality of management’s ongoing monitoring of risks and of the internal control systems, and where applicable, the work of its internal audit function and other assurance providers; (c) the extent and frequency of communication of monitoring results to the Board and the Audit Committee which enables them to assess the effectiveness of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company; (d) significant control failings or weaknesses that have been identified during the period. Also, the extent to which they have resulted in unforeseen outcomes or contingencies that have had, could have had, or may in the future have, a material impact on the Company’s financial performance or condition; (e) and the effectiveness of the Company’s processes for financial reporting and Listing Rule compliance.

 

•

The Audit Committee is also responsible for reviewing the Company’s internal audit function, ensuring co-ordination within the Group and between the Company’s internal and external auditors, and ensuring that the internal audit function is adequately resourced and has appropriate standing within the Company and to review and monitor its effectiveness.

 

•

The following is a summary of the work performed by the Audit Committee under its charter during the year:

 

—

Reviewed the Company’s audited accounts, annual results announcements, unaudited interim accounts and interim results announcements before they are tabled to the Board for approval, and discussed with senior management and the external auditors over such accounts;

 

—

The Audit Committee held formal meetings with the external auditors and senior management of the Company at least twice a year to discuss the matters including:

 

(i)

the external auditors’ engagement letter and general scope of their audit work, including planning and staffing of the audit;

 

(ii)

the Company’s management discussion and analysis disclosures in the annual report of the Company; and

 

38    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

(iii)

the applicable accounting standards relating to the audit of the Company’s financial statements, including any recent changes;

 

—

In addition to formal meetings arranged by the Company, members of the Audit Committee were also given direct access to the external auditors, have frequent contacts with the external auditors to discuss issues from time to time;

 

—

On behalf of the Board, conducted a review of the effectiveness of the Company’s risk management and internal control systems for the year ended 31 December 2016. The annual review included works such as:

 

(i)

review of reports submitted by and discussions with the Risk Management Committee and other senior management concerned regarding major risks identified, changes in the nature and extent of major risks since the last annual review, measures and response plans to manage risks identified, and the ability of the Company to respond to such changes in its business operation, etc.;

 

(ii)

review on whether the management has established effective risk management and internal control systems pursuant to the Listing Rules as well as under relevant US requirements and to evaluate the scope and quality of the management’s works on the risk management system, internal control system and internal audit;

 

(iii)

review the adequacy of resources, staff qualifications and experience, training programmes and budget of the Company’s accounting, financial reporting functions and internal audit functions to ensure that the management had performed its duty;

 

(iv)

review of the effectiveness of the internal audit function of the Company to ensure coordination within the Group and between the Company’s internal and external auditors and to ensure that the internal audit function is adequately resourced and has appropriate standing within the Company;

 

(v)

consider the major investigation findings on risk management and internal control systems and management’s response to these findings; and

 

(vi)

make recommendations to the Board and the senior management on the scope and quality of management’s ongoing monitoring of risks and issues relevant to internal control.

 

On the basis of the aforesaid review, the Audit Committee was not aware of any significant issues that would have an adverse impact on the effectiveness and adequacy of the risk management and internal control systems of the Company;

 

—

Reviewed the work performed by the Company’s external auditors and their relationship with the Company’s senior management, and made recommendations to the Board in relation to the appointment of external auditors, as well as the proposed auditors’ fees;

 

—

Reviewed and approved the Company’s audit and non-audit pre-approval policy to ensure auditors’ independence;

 

—

Members of the Audit Committee received materials from the Company’s external auditors from time to time in order to keep abreast of changes in financial reporting principles and practices, as well as issues relating to financial reporting, risk management and internal controls relevant to the Company;

 

—

Considered and approved the non-audit services provided by the external auditors during the year;

 

—

Reviewed the arrangements by which employees of the Company can use, in confidence, to raise concerns about possible improprieties in financial reporting, risk management and internal control or other matters and ensure that proper arrangements are in place for fair and independent investigation and for appropriate follow-up actions;

 

—

Reported on its findings and suggestions to the Board following its review of different aspects of the Company’s financial reporting and risk management and internal control systems and made appropriate recommendations where necessary;

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       39

 

—

Reviewed the Company’s business ethics and compliance policies, related reports and training programs as appropriate and performed certain corporate governance duties delegated by the Board set out in Board Committees & Corporate Governance Functions section on page 40; and

 

—

Evaluated and assessed the effectiveness of the Audit Committee and the adequacy of the charter of the Audit Committee, and considered and recommended the proposed amendments to the charter and presented to the Board for approval.

 

•

Full minutes of the Audit Committee meetings are kept by the Joint Company Secretaries. Draft and final versions of minutes of the Audit Committee meetings are sent to all members of the Audit Committee for their comments and records respectively, in both cases within a reasonable time after the meetings.

 

•

The Audit Committee is provided with sufficient resources, including independent access to and advice from external auditors.

 

Attendance of individual members at Audit Committee meetings in 2016

 

 

 

		No. of meetings attended
Independent		(4 meetings in total)
Non-executive		by committee
Directors		member				by proxy
Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius
(Chairman and Financial Expert)			4				0
Chiu Sung Hong			4				0
Lawrence J. Lau			4				0

  

D.

DELEGATION BY THE BOARD

 

D.1

Management functions

 

Principle: “An issuer should have a formal schedule of matters specifically reserved for board approval. The board should give clear directions to management on the matters that must be approved by it before decisions are made on the issuer’s behalf.”

 

•

The Board is the ultimate decision-making body of the Company, other than those matters reserved to shareholders of the Company. The Board oversees and provides strategic guidance to senior management in order to enhance the long-term value of the Company for its shareholders. The Board delegates its management and administration functions to management and gives clear directions as to the powers of management at the same time, in particular, with respect to the circumstances where management should report back and obtain prior approval from the Board before making decisions or entering into any commitments on the Company’s behalf.

 

•

The day-to-day management is conducted by senior management and employees of the Company, under the direction of the CEO and the oversight of the Board. In addition to its general oversight of the management, the Board also performs a number of specific functions. The Company formalises the functions reserved to the Board and those delegated to management and reviews those arrangements periodically to ensure that they remain appropriate to the Company’s needs.

 

•

The primary functions performed by the Board include:

 

(i)

Reviewing and approving long-term strategic plans and annual operating plans, and monitoring the implementation and execution of these plans;

 

(ii)

Reviewing and approving significant financial and business transactions and other major corporate actions; and

 

(iii)

Reviewing and approving financial statements and reports, and overseeing the establishment and maintenance of controls, processes and procedures to ensure accuracy, integrity and clarity in financial and other disclosures.

 

•

The Board and the senior management have respective responsibilities, accountabilities and contributions. The primary functions performed by the senior management are to conduct the daily business and implement the abovementioned affairs

 

40    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

approved and delegated by the Board and other matters as the Board may from time to time request.

 

•

The Directors review such delegation arrangements periodically to ensure they remain appropriate to our needs.

 

•

Directors clearly understand delegation arrangements in place. The Company has entered into service agreements with the Executive Directors and Non-executive Directors and has formal letters of appointment for Independent Non-executive Directors setting out the key terms and conditions of their engagements and appointments.

 

D.2

Board Committees & Corporate Governance

 

D.3

Functions

 

Principle: “Board committees should be formed with specific written terms of reference which deal clearly with their authority and duties.”

 

•

The Company has established an Audit Committee, a Remuneration Committee and a Nomination Committee (each a “Committee”) and has established a specific written committee charter (the “Charter”) which deal clearly with its authority and duties. The Charters of the Committees are published on the websites of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Company. These Committees will report to the Board on their decisions and recommendations.

 

•

The Board has delegated the responsibility for performing certain corporate governance related duties and functions to the Audit Committee and the Nomination Committee.

 

•

The Audit Committee shall be responsible for performing the corporate governance duties set out below:

 

(i)

Developing and reviewing the Company’s policies and practices on corporate governance and making recommendations to the Board;

 

(ii)

Reviewing and monitoring the Company’s policies and practices on compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and making recommendations to the Board in that regard;

 

(iii)

Developing, reviewing and monitoring the Code of Ethics for Directors and Senior Officers (“Code of Ethics”) and making recommendations to the Board in that regard; and

 

(iv)

Reviewing the Company’s compliance with the CG Code and disclosure in the Corporate Governance Report and making recommendations to the Board in that regard.

 

•

The Nomination Committee shall be responsible for reviewing and monitoring the training and continuous professional development of Directors and senior management and making recommendations to the Board in that regard.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       41

 

E.

COMMUNICATION WITH SHAREHOLDERS

 

E.1

Effective communication

 

Principle: “The board should be responsible for maintaining an on-going dialogue with shareholders and in particular, use annual general meetings or other general meetings to communicate with them and encourage their participation.”

 

•

The Board recognizes the importance of good and effective communication with all shareholders. With a policy of being transparent, strengthening investor relations, and providing consistent and stable returns to shareholders, the Company seeks to ensure transparency through establishing and maintaining different communication channels with shareholders.

 

•

The Company has a professionally-run investor relations department to serve as an important communication channel between the Company and its shareholders and other investors.

 

•

A key element of effective communication with shareholders and investors is prompt and timely dissemination of information in relation to the Company. In addition to announcing its interim and annual results to shareholders and investors, the Company also publicises its major business developments and activities through press releases, announcements and the Company’s website in accordance with relevant rules and regulations. Press conferences and analyst briefings are held from time to time on financial performance and major transactions.

 

•

The general meetings also provide a useful forum for shareholders to exchange views with the Board. The Chairman of the Board, as well as Chairmen of the Audit Committee, Nomination Committee and Remuneration Committee, or in their absence, members of the respective Committees, and the external auditors of the Company, are available to answer questions from shareholders at annual general meetings and extraordinary general meetings of the Company.

 

•

The Chairmen of the Board and all Committees, or in his absence, an alternate appointed by him will, whenever possible, propose separate resolutions for each substantially separate issue at general meetings of the Company.

 

•

The Company’s management ensures the external auditors attend the annual general meeting to answer questions about the conduct of the audit, the preparation and content of the auditors’ report, the accounting policies and auditors’ independence.

 

•

The Board established a shareholders’ communication policy and review it on a regular basis to ensure its effectiveness.

 

E.2

Voting by Poll

 

Principle: “The issuer should ensure that shareholders are familiar with the detailed procedures for conducting a poll.”

 

•

In 2016, all votes of shareholders at the general meetings of the Company were taken by poll or otherwise in accordance with the Listing Rules. The Chairman of a meeting ensured that shareholders were familiar with the procedures of voting by poll at the general meetings of the Company.

 

•

The results of the poll are published on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange’s website and the Company’s website.

 

F.

Company Secretary

 

Principle: “The company secretary plays an important role in supporting the board by ensuring good information flow within the board and that board policy and procedures are followed. The company secretary is responsible for advising the board through the chairman and/or the chief executive on governance matters and should also facilitate induction and professional development of directors.”

 

•

Ms. Li Jiewen and Ms. Tsue Sik Yu, May are the Joint Company Secretaries of the Company. Their biographies are set out on page 51 of this report. The Nomination Committee of the Company has the responsibility to make recommendation for suitable candidates for the appointment of company secretary to the Board and the Board has the responsibility to approve their selection, appointment or dismissal by physical meeting of the Board.

 

•

The Joint Company Secretaries will report to the Chairman of the Board and/or the CEO.

 

•

Each of the Joint Company Secretaries has taken no less than 15 hours of relevant professional training every year.

 

•

All Directors have access to the advice and services of the Joint Company Secretaries to ensure that Board procedures

 

42    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

as well as all applicable rules and regulations are followed.

 

SHAREHOLDERS’ COMMUNICATION AND RIGHTS TO CONVENE AN EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

 

The procedures for shareholders to convene an Extraordinary General Meeting of the Company (“EGM”) are governed by Article 60 of the Articles and sections 566 to 568 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622 of the Laws of Hong Kong). On the request of shareholders of the Company, representing at least 5% of the total voting rights of all shareholders having a right to vote at general meetings, the Directors are required to call a general meeting.

 

The request must state the general nature of the business to be dealt with at the EGM and may include the text of a resolution that may properly be moved and is intended to be moved at the EGM, be authenticated by the shareholder(s) making the request, and sent to the Company in hard copy form or in electronic form. The Directors must call an EGM within 21 days after the date on which they become subject to the requirement and such EGM must be held on a date not more than 28 days after the date of the notice convening the meeting is given.

 

Whilst giving the above request, shareholders are recommended to provide written explanation of the reasons and material implications relating to the proposed resolutions to enable all of the shareholders to properly consider and determine the proposed resolutions.

 

The Company will, upon receipt of a request referred to above, issue a notice of extraordinary general meeting of the proposed resolutions and (if applicable) circulars containing further information relating to the proposed resolutions in accordance with the Listing Rules.

 

Further enquiries relating to the above or enquiries that Shareholders wish to be put to the Board may be addressed to the Joint Company Secretaries of the Company at 65/F, Bank of China Tower, 1 Garden Road, Hong Kong.

 

PROCEDURES FOR PUTTING FORWARD PROPOSALS AT GENERAL MEETINGS BY SHAREHOLDERS

 

Shareholders are requested to follow sections 615 and 616 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622 of the laws of Hong Kong) if they wish to request the Company to give to other shareholders, who are entitled to receive notice of the annual general meeting, notice of a resolution that may properly be moved and is intended to be moved at the annual general meeting.

 

Shareholders are requested to follow sections 580 to 583 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622 of the laws of Hong Kong) if they wish to request the Company to circulate to other shareholders, who are entitled to receive notice of a general meeting, a statement with respect to a matter mentioned in a proposed resolution or other business to be dealt with at the general meeting.

 

COMPLIANCE WITH THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CODE

 

For the year ended 31 December 2016, the Company has complied with the provisions of the CG Code as set out in Appendix 14 of the Listing Rules, except for the deviation from the code provisions A.2.1 and A.4.1 of the CG Code. The following summarises the requirement under the above-mentioned code provisions A.2.1 and A.4.1 and the reason for such deviation.

 

CG Code Provision A.2.1

 

Under CG Code provision A.2.1, the roles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer should be separate and not be performed by the same individual.

 

Mr. Yang Hua assumes both the roles of the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer as he is familiar with the culture and operations of the Company and has extensive experience in oil and gas industry. The Directors consider that vesting two roles in the same individual enables the Company to make and implement decisions promptly and efficiently and will not impair the balance of power and authority between the Board and the management of the Company. The Company has established board committees (namely, Audit Committee, Remuneration Committee and Nomination Committee), whose members comprise Independent non-executive Directors and are responsible for important corporate governance functions. In particular, the Audit Committee of the Company is responsible for overseeing and monitoring the risk management and internal control systems of the Company, to support the Board in discharging its responsibilities and to ensure the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company’s corporate accounting and financial controls, risk management and internal control systems. The four Independent Non-executive

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       43

 

Directors who possess balance of skills and experience appropriate to the business of the Company also contribute valuable independent views to the Board. The Directors consider that although Mr. Yang Hua serves as both the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, there are sufficient checks and balances at the board level.

 

CG Code Provision A.4.1

 

Under CG Code provision A.4.1, non-executive directors should be appointed for a specific term and be subject to re-election.

 

None of the existing Independent Non-executive Directors of the Company is appointed for a specific term. This constitutes a deviation from the CG Code provision A.4.1. However, all the Directors are subject to the retirement provisions under article 97 of the Articles (“Article 97”). According to Article 97, one-third of the Directors for the time being must retire from the office by rotation at each annual general meeting. The Company has observed the need for good corporate governance practices. All Independent Non-executive Directors of the Company have retired from the office by rotation and have been re-elected in the past three years (with the exception of Mr. Kevin G. Lynch, who was appointed on 1 March 2014 and was re-elected at the annual general meeting of the Company held on 23 May 2014). The Company considers that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the Company’s corporate governance practices are no less exacting than those in the CG Code.

 

CHANGES IN DIRECTORS

 

During the year ended 31 December 2016, there was the following change in Directors.

 

With effect from 15 June 2016, (i) Mr. Yang Hua, the Chairman of the Board and the Chairman of the Nomination Committee, was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer; (ii) Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated from an Executive-Director to a Non-executive Director, and also resigned as the Compliance Officer of the Company; (iii) Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company; and (iv) Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company.

 

With effect from 20 December 2016, (i) Mr Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director; (ii) Mr. Wu Guangqi was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company; and (iii) Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

CHANGES IN INFORMATION OF DIRECTORS

 

Pursuant to Rule 13.51(B) of the Listing Rules, there is no other change in the information of Directors of the Company except as disclosed in this annual report.

 

CODE OF ETHICS

 

The Board adopted a Code of Ethics in 2003 to provide guidelines to the senior management and Directors in legal and ethical matters as well as the sensitivity involved in reporting illegal and unethical matters. The Code of Ethics covers areas such as supervisory rules, insider dealing, market malpractices, conflict of interests, company opportunities, protection and proper use of the Company’s assets as well as reporting requirements. As part of its continued efforts to improve its corporate governance standards, the Board conducted an annual review to the Code of Ethics since 2009, and the current version of the Code of Ethics was reviewed and adopted in August 2016.

 

The Company has provided all its Directors and senior officers with a copy of the Code of Ethics and requires them to comply with the Code of Ethics, so as to ensure the Company’s operation is proper and lawful. The Company will take disciplinary actions towards any act which is in breach of the Code of Ethics. All the senior management members and Directors are required to familiarise themselves with and follow the Code of Ethics to ensure that the Company’s operations are honest and legal. Violations of the rules will be penalized and serious breaches will result in dismissal.

 

MODEL CODE FOR SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS BY DIRECTORS OF LISTED ISSUERS

 

The Company has adopted the abovementioned Code of Ethics which has incorporated the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (the “Model Code”) as set out in Appendix 10 to the Listing Rules. The Company has made specific enquiries to all of the Directors, and all Directors have confirmed that they complied, during the year ended 31 December 2016, with the required standards set out in the Model Code.

 

44    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

SERVICES AND REMUNERATION OF AUDITORS

 

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, appointed as the independent auditors of the Company on 24 May 2013, was re-appointed and engaged as the Company and its subsidiaries’ auditors (“Auditors”) for the financial year ended 31 December 2016. Services provided by the auditors and fees charged by the auditors for the services for the year ended 31 December 2016 are as follows:

 

Audit Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by the Auditors for the audit of the Company’s annual financial statements or services that are normally provided by the Auditors in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements were RMB 45.2 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and RMB 46.7 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2016.

 

Audit-related Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed for assurance and related services by the Auditors that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of the Company’s financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees” were RMB 8.5 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and RMB 6.0 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2016.

 

Tax Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed for professional service rendered by the Auditors for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were RMB 0.6 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and RMB 0 for the financial year ended 31 December 2016.

 

All Other Fees

 

The aggregate fees billed for professional service rendered by the Auditors for risk management advisory services, and information systems reviews were RMB 2.5 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and RMB 0 for the financial year ended 31 December 2016.

 

There are no other fees payable to the Auditors for products and/or services provided by the Auditors, other than the services reported above, for the financial year ended 31 December 2015 and for the financial year ended 31 December 2016.

 

STATEMENT ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 303A.11 OF THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE LISTED COMPANY MANUAL

 

The Company is incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong and the principal trading market for the ordinary shares of the Company is The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. In addition, because the Company’s ordinary shares are registered with the United Sates Securities and Exchange Commission and are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”), the Company is subject to certain corporate governance requirements of NYSE. However, many of the corporate governance rules in the NYSE Listed Company Manual (the “NYSE Standards”) do not apply to the Company as a “foreign private issuer” and the Company is permitted to follow its home country corporate governance practices in lieu of most corporate governance standards contained in the NYSE Standards. Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual requires NYSE listed foreign private issuers to describe the significant differences between their corporate governance practices and the corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. companies listed on the NYSE. The Company has posted a brief summary of such significant differences on its website, which may be accessed through the following web page:

 

http://www.cnoocltd.com/encnoocltd/gsgz/socg

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       45

 

Directors and Senior Management

  

Executive Directors
1	Yang Hua (Chairman)
2	Yuan Guangyu
Non-executive Directors
3	Liu Jian (Vice Chairman)
4	Wu Guangqi
Independent Non-executive Directors
5	Chiu Sung Hong
6	Lawrence J. Lau
7	Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius
8	Kevin G. Lynch

 

 

 

 

 

 

46    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

 

Yang Hua

 

Born in 1961, Mr. Yang is a professor-level senior economist and graduated from China University of Petroleum with a B.S. degree in petroleum engineering. He also received an MBA degree from the Sloan School of Management at MIT as a Sloan Fellow. Mr. Yang joined CNOOC in 1982 and has over 30 years of experience in petroleum exploration and production. From 1982 to 1992, Mr. Yang served in a number of positions in CNOOC Research Center including the Director of Field Development Department, the Manager of Reservoir Engineering Department and the Project Manager. Thereafter, Mr. Yang was mainly involved in international business, M&A, corporate finance and capital market operations. From 1993 to 1999, he served as the Deputy Chief Geologist, the Deputy Director and the Acting Director for Overseas Development Department of CNOOC and the Vice President of CNOOC International Limited. From 1999 to 2011, Mr. Yang served in a number of positions in the Company including Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President, President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Yang also served as an Assistant President of CNOOC from November 2006 to April 2010 and as Vice President of CNOOC from April 2010 to August 2011. Mr. Yang served as Director and President of CNOOC from August 2011 to April 2015. He was appointed as Chairman of CNOOC in April 2015. He was appointed as the Chairman and Director of Nexen Energy ULC, a subsidiary of the Company, with effect from 15 June 2016. He also served as Chairman, Director and President of CNOOC Southeast Asia Limited, Chairman, Director and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited and Chairman and Director of CNOOC International Limited, all being subsidiaries of the Company. He also served as Director of CNOOC Finance Corporation Limited, a subsidiary of CNOOC. Mr. Yang was appointed as an Executive Director of the Company with effect from 31 August 2005 and was the Vice Chairman of the Board of the Company from 16 September 2010 to 19 May 2015, and was re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-Executive Director of the Company with effect from 23 November 2011. Mr. Yang was appointed as Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Nomination Committee of the Company with effect from 19 May 2015. Mr. Yang was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016.

 

Yuan Guangyu

 

Born in 1959, Mr. Yuan is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from China University of Petroleum with a bachelor’s degree in drilling engineering. He graduated from the EMBA program of China Europe International Business School in 2007 with an MBA degree. Mr. Yuan joined CNOOC in 1982 and has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. From February 1993 to October 2001, Mr. Yuan served as Deputy Manager of CNOOC Bohai Drilling Company, Deputy General Manager of CNOOC China Offshore Oil Northern Drilling Company, Deputy General Manager of the Operational Department of CNOOC, General Manager of CNOOC China Offshore Oil Northern Drilling Company. From October 2001 to January 2009, Mr. Yuan served as General Manager and President of CNOOC Services, and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President of China Oilfield Services Limited (a company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Shanghai Stock Exchange). In November 2006, Mr. Yuan was appointed as the Assistant President of CNOOC. In January 2009, Mr. Yuan was appointed as the Executive Vice President of the Company. In April 2013, Mr. Yuan was appointed as Director of Bohai Petroleum Administrative Bureau of CNOOC and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjian Branch, a subsidiary of the Company. Mr. Yuan also serves as the Director and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited and the Director of CNOOC International Limited, both subsidiaries of the Company. He was appointed as the Chairman of CNOOC International Limited with effect from 15 June 2016. Mr. Yuan was appointed as an Executive Director and President of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016.

 

Li Fanrong

 

Born in 1963, Mr. Li is a professor-level senior engineer. He obtained a B.S. degree majoring in oil production from Yangtze University in China, and received an MBA degree from the Business School of Cardiff University in United Kingdom. Mr. Li has been working in the oil and gas industry in China over 30 years. He joined CNOOC in 1984, and worked as Petroleum Engineer, later as Offshore Platform Supervisor, Operation Manager of CNOOC/AMOCO Joint Operating Group, Managing Director of CNOOC/STATOIL Joint Operating Group, Chief Representative of Joint Management Committee in CACT Operators Group, General Manager of Development and Production Department of the Company and President of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch. He served as an Assistant President of CNOOC from January 2009 to April 2010 and worked as President of CNOOC Energy Technology & Services Limited from February 2009 to April 2010. Mr, Li also served as Chairman and Director of CNOOC Southeast Asia Limited, a subsidiary of the Company. He has served as Vice President of CNOOC since April 2010. He was appointed as President of the Company with effect from 16 September 2010, and was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company with effect from 23 November 2011.He also serves as a Director of CNOOC China Limited and Chairman and Director of CNOOC International Limited, all being subsidiaries of the Company. He was appointed as the chairman of the board of Nexen Energy ULC with effect from 26 February 2013. Mr. Li was appointed as a Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 24 May 2010 and was re-designated from Non-executive Director to Executive

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       47

 

Director with effect from 16 September 2010. Mr. Li resigned from his positions as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016.

 

NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

 

Liu Jian

 

Born in 1958, Mr. Liu is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from Huazhong University of Science and Technology with a Bachelor degree and he received his MBA degree from Tianjin University. Mr. Liu first joined CNOOC in 1982 and has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. He served as the manager of CNOOC Bohai Corporation Oil Production Company, a subsidiary of CNOOC, Deputy General Manager of the Tianjin Branch and the General Manager of the Zhanjiang Branch of CNOOC China Limited, a subsidiary of the Company. From 2003 to 2009, Mr. Liu served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Development and Production Department and Executive Vice President of the Company, primarily responsible for the offshore oil and gas fields development and production of the Company. Mr. Liu served as an Assistant President of CNOOC from November 2006 to April 2010 and as a Vice President of CNOOC from April 2010 to August 2015. In August 2015, Mr. Liu was appointed as the General Manager of CNOOC. Mr. Liu also served as the director of CNOOC China Limited, CNOOC International Limited and CNOOC Southeast Asia Limited, all being subsidiaries of the Company. Besides, Mr. Liu served as the Chief Executive Officer, Vice Chairman and Chairman of China Oilfield Services Limited (a company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Shanghai Stock Exchange) from March 2009 to December 2016 and Chairman of Offshore Oil Engineering Co. Ltd. (a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange) from December 2010 to November 2016. He was appointed as Chairman and Director of CNOOC China Limited, a subsidiary of the Company, with effect from 28 February 2017. Mr. Liu was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 20 December 2016.

 

Wu Guangqi

 

Born in 1957, Mr. Wu is a geologist, professor-level senior economist, Certified Senior Enterprise Risk Manager and Certified Internal Auditor and graduated with a B.S. degree from the Ocean University of China, majoring in Marine Geology. He also holds a master degree in Management from China University of Petroleum and a doctor degree in Management from Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Mr. Wu joined CNOOC in 1982. From 1994 to 2001, he served as the Deputy General Manager of CNOOC Oil Technical Services Company, a subsidiary of CNOOC, the Director of the Administration Department of CNOOC and the Director of the Ideology Affairs Department of CNOOC successively. Mr. Wu was appointed as an Assistant President of CNOOC in 2003, and has been the Vice President of CNOOC since 2004. Mr. Wu also serves as the Chairman of CNOOC Marine Environment and Ecology Protection Foundation, and served as the Vice Chairman of China Association of Risk Professionals, the Vice Chairman of China Association of Oceanic Engineering, the Director-General of National Energy Deepwater Oil & Gas Engineering Technology Research Centre Council. Mr. Wu served as an Independent Non-executive Director of China Yangtze Power Limited, a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, from May 2003 to July 2010. Mr. Wu has served as the Compliance Officer of the Company since 1 June 2005 and he also serves as a Director of CNOOC International Limited and served as a Director of CNOOC China Limited, all being the subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Wu was appointed as an Executive Director of the Company with effect from 1 June 2005. Mr. Wu has been re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-executive Director of the Company and has resigned as the Compliance Officer of the Company with effect from 15 June 2016.

 

Lv Bo

 

Born in 1962, Mr. Lv is a senior economist and received a Bachelor of Science degree in Management from China University of Mining and Technology and an MBA degree from China Europe International Business School. Since 1985, he worked in the Ministry of Coal Industry, the Ministry of Energy and the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and served in a number of positions, including a Vice-Director-level official in the Personnel and Labor Department of the Ministry of Energy, Vice Director and Director of Economic and Technology Cadre Bureau of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Directors of the Fourth and Fifth Cadre Bureaus of the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. Mr. Lv joined CNOOC in 2002 and served as the Director of the Human Resources Department of CNOOC. In November 2006, Mr. Lv became the Assistant President of CNOOC. In April 2010, Mr. Lv was appointed as the Vice President of CNOOC. Since December 2012, he has also served as Chairman of the Board of CNOOC Energy Technology and Services Limited, a subsidiary of CNOOC. Mr. Lv was appointed as a Non-executive Director of the Company on 27 November 2013, and such appointment took effect from 1 January 2014. Mr. Lv resigned from his position as a Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 20 December 2016.

  

48    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

INDEPENDENT NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS

 

Chiu Sung Hong

 

Born in 1947, Mr. Chiu received an LL.B. degree from the University of Sydney. He was admitted as a solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales and the High Court of Australia. He has over 30 years’ experience in legal practice and had been a director of a listed company in Australia. Mr. Chiu was the founding member of the Board of Trustees of the Australian Nursing Home Foundation and served as the General Secretary of the Australian Chinese Community Association of New South Wales. Mr. Chiu is also an Independent Non-executive Director of Tianda Pharmaceuticals Limited (formerly Yunnan Enterprises Holdings Limited, Tianda Holdings Limited) since April 2008, a company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. Mr. Chiu is also an Independent Non-executive Director of Bank of China (Australia) Limited (a wholly subsidiary of Bank of China Limited). Mr. Chiu was appointed as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 7 September 1999.

 

Lawrence J. Lau

 

Born in 1944, Professor Lau graduated with a B.S. (with Great Distinction) in Physics from Stanford University in 1964, and received his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the University of California at Berkeley in 1966 and 1969 respectively. He joined the faculty of the Department of Economics at Stanford University in 1966, becoming Professor of Economics in 1976, the first Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in Economic Development in 1992, and Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in Economic Development, Emeritus in 2006. From 2004 to 2010, Professor Lau served as Vice-chancellor (President) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong. From September 2010 to September 2014, Professor Lau served as Chairman of CIC International (Hong Kong) Co., Limited. Professor Lau specializes in economic development, economic growth, and the economies of East Asia, including that of China. He has authored, co-authored, or edited seven books and published more than 180 articles and notes in professional journals. Professor Lau is a member of the 12th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and a Vice-Chairman of its Economics Subcommittee. Professor Lau also serves as a member of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Exchange Fund Advisory Committee and Chairman of its Governance Sub-Committee, and a member of its Currency Board Sub-committee and Investment Sub-Committee, and Chairman of Board of Directors of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Advanced Finance Institute, aka Shenzhen Finance Institute. In addition, he also serves as a Member and Chairman of the Prize Recommendation Committee, LUI Che Woo Prize Company, as well as a Vice-Chairman of Our Hong Kong Foundation. He was appointed a Justice of the Peace in Hong Kong in July 2007. He currently serves as the Ralph and Claire Landau Professor of Economics at the Institute of Global Economics and Finance, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, an Independent Non-executive Director of AIA Group Limited, and an Independent Non-executive Director of Hysan Development Company Limited, both of which are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and an Independent Director of Far EasTone Telecommunications Company Limited, Taipei, which is listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Professor Lau was appointed as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 31 August 2005.

 

Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius

 

Born in 1948, Mr. Tse is a fellow of The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, and the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Mr. Tse is a past president and a former member of the Audit Committee of the HKICPA. He joined KPMG in 1976, became a partner in 1984 and retired in March 2003. Mr. Tse was a non-executive Chairman of KPMG’s operations in the PRC and a member of the KPMG China advisory board from 1997 to 2000. Mr. Tse is currently an independent non-executive director of China Telecom Corporation Limited, SJM Holdings Limited, Sinofert Holdings Limited and China Huarong Asset Management Company, Limited, companies listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited. From 2004 to 2010, he was an independent non-executive director of China Construction Bank Corporation, which is listed on the HKSE Main Board. From 2005 to 2016, Mr. Tse was also an independent non-executive director of Daohe Global Group Limited (formerly known as Linmark Group Limited), which is listed on the HKSE Main Board, Mr. Tse is currently an independent non-executive director of CCB International (Holdings) Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of China Construction Bank Corporation and OCBC Wing Hang Bank Limited (formerly named as Wing Hang Bank Limited whose shares were delisted from The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited with effect from 16 October 2014). Mr. Tse is also a member of the International Advisory Council of the People’s Municipal Government of Wuhan. Mr. Tse was appointed as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company with effect from 8 June 2005.

 

Kevin G. Lynch

 

Born in 1951, Mr. Lynch obtained a B.A. degree from Mount Allison University, a M.A. degree in Economics from the University of Manchester, and a doctorate degree in Economics from McMaster University. He also holds ten honorary degrees. Mr. Lynch was made a life Member of the Privy Council for Canada, and an Officer of the Order of Canada. He is the Vice Chairman of BMO Financial Group and also a distinguished former public servant with 33 years of service with the Government of Canada. Mr. Lynch served as Deputy Minister of Industry of Canada from 1995 to 2000, Deputy Minister of Finance of Canada from 2000 to 2004, Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund from 2004 to 2006 and was appointed as Clerk of the Privy Council for Canada, Secretary to the Cabinet and Head of the Public Service from 2006 to 2009. Mr. Lynch is the

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       49

 

Chancellor of the University of King’s College, Senior Fellow of Massey College, former Chair of the Board of Governors of the University of Waterloo, Chair of the Canadian Ditchley Foundation, and past Chair of the World Economic Forum’s Global Policy Council on the Global Financial System. He also serves on other boards including the Killam Trusts, Sobey Foundation, Communitech, the Governor General’s Rideau Hall Foundation, the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. Mr. Lynch is currently a director of Empire Company Limited (Sobey’s) listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange, a director of Canadian National Railway Company listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange, and Co-chair of Ontario Economic Summit. Mr. Lynch was appointed as an Independent Non-executive Director of the Company on 27 November 2013, and such appointment took effect from 1 March 2014.

 

Other Members of Senior Management

 

Chen Wei

 

Born in 1958, Mr. Chen is an Executive Vice President, the General Counsel and Compliance Officer of the Company. He is a professor-level senior engineer. He received his B.S. degree from East China Petroleum Institute (now China University of Petroleum) and MBA from Tsinghua University. He has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. Mr. Chen joined CNOOC in 1984 and previously served as the Deputy Manager for the Development Department of CNOOC Exploration and Development Research Center, the Deputy Manager of the Overseas Research Department, the Manager of the Information Department, and the Deputy Director of CNOOC Research Center. He has also served as General Manager of Human Resources Department and General Manager of Science and Technology Development Department of CNOOC, and a Senior Vice President of the Company and General Manager of Administration Department of the Company. In July 2003, Mr. Chen was appointed as the Director of CNOOC Research Center (later became President of CNOOC Research Institute). In February 2012, Mr. Chen was appointed as the Worker’s Director of CNOOC. In March 2013, Mr. Chen was appointed as the Assistant President of CNOOC and the Executive Vice President of the Company. In May 2016, Mr. Chen was appointed as the General Counsel of CNOOC, the General Counsel and Compliance Officer of the Company.

 

Zhu Weilin

 

Born in 1956, Mr. Zhu is an Executive Vice President of the Company. Mr. Zhu is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from Tongji University with a Ph.D. degree. Mr. Zhu joined CNOOC in 1982. Prior to 1999, he conducted researches in CNOOC Research Center and served as the Deputy Manager of the Exploration Department, Manager of Science Management Department, and Deputy Chief Geologist and Chief Geologist of the Research Center. From 1999 to 2007, Mr. Zhu served as the Deputy Manager of Exploration Department of CNOOC, Deputy General Manager and General Manager of Exploration Department of the Company, General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch and Vice President of the Company. Mr. Zhu also serves as the Director of CNOOC China Limited and CNOOC International Limited, the subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Zhu has spent a long time in exploration research and management of oil and natural gas in offshore China. He was granted the Special Subsidies from the government, nominated as candidate for the “National Hundred, Thousand, and Ten Thousand Talent Project”, named as an Excellent Science and Technology Worker of the Nation and awarded the Li Siguang Award for Geosciences, the highest tribute in geosciences awards level. In August 2007, Mr. Zhu was appointed as the Chief Geologist of CNOOC, Executive Vice President of the Company and the General Manager of the Exploration Department of the Company, responsible for the Company’s oil and gas exploration operations. In July 2015, Mr. Zhu was appointed as the Chief Geologist of CNOOC and Executive Vice President of the Company. In May 2016, Mr. Zhu retired as an Executive Vice President of the Company.

 

Chen Bi

 

Born in 1961, Mr. Chen is an Executive Vice President of the Company and is responsible for development, production and international affairs of the Company. Mr. Chen is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from the Southwest Petroleum Institution (now Southwest Petroleum University) and received a bachelor degree in oil production. He received a master degree of petroleum engineering from Edinburgh Heriot-Watt University in 1989 and an MBA degree from Tsinghua University in 2001. Mr. Chen joined CNOOC in 1982 and has over 30 years of experience in the oil and natural gas industry. He served as the Deputy Manager of CNOOC Nanhai West Corporation Oil Production Company, Director of Production Section, Deputy General Manager of Development and Production Department of CNOOC, Deputy General Manager and General Manager of Development and Production Department of the Company, and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjin Branch. Mr. Chen also serves as the Director of CNOOC China Limited and CNOOC International Limited, both being the subsidiaries of the Company. In October 2005, Mr. Chen was appointed as Vice President of the Company and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjin Branch. In January 2009, Mr. Chen was appointed as the Executive Vice President of the Company. In May 2016, Mr. Chen ceased to serve as an Executive Vice President of the Company.

 

Xie Yuhong

 

Born in 1961, Mr. Xie is an Executive Vice President and General Manager of Exploration Department of the Company as well as

 

50    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

a professor-level senior engineer. Mr. Xie obtained a Ph.D. Degree from China University of Geosciences in 2005. From 1982 to 1995, Mr. Xie served as an engineer of Research Institute and Exploration Department of CNOOC Naihai West Corporation. From 1995 to 1996, he served as the Deputy Manager of Exploration Department of CNOOC Naihai West Corporation. From 1996 to 1999, he served as Manager of Tepu Company of CNOOC Naihai West Corporation, Deputy Chief Earth Physicist and Manager of Exploration Department of Naihai West Corporation. From 2001 to 2005, he was Deputy Chief Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch. From 2005 to 2013, he served as the Chief Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch. From 2013 to 2015, he was appointed as the Director of Naihai West Petroleum Administrative Bureau of CNOOC. In July 2015, he was appointed as Deputy Chief Geologist of CNOOC, Deputy Chief Geologist and General Manager of Exploration Department of the Company. In May 2016, he was appointed as the Chief Geologist of CNOOC, an Executive Vice President and General Manager of Exploration Department of the Company.

 

Li Yong

 

Born in 1963, Mr. Li is an Executive Vice President of the Company and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjin Branch. He is a senior engineer. He received his B.S. degree from Southwest Petroleum University, master of Petroleum Economics from Scuola E Mattei of Italy and MBA from Peking University. He has over 30 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. Mr. Li joined CNOOC in 1984 and previously served as Comprehensive Technology Manager and Drilling Manager of Exploration Department of CNOOC, Director of Drilling Office of Exploration and Development Department of the Company. In April 2003, he was appointed as Deputy General Manager of Tianjin Branch of CNOOC (China) Limited. In October 2005, he was appointed as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of COSL. In April 2009, he was appointed as Executive Director and President of COSL. In September 2010, he served as Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer and President of COSL. In June 2016, he was appointed as Assistant President of CNOOC, Executive Vice President of the Company, Director of CNOOC Bohai Petroleum Administration Bureau and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjin Branch.

 

Zhang Guohua

 

Born in 1960, Mr. Zhang is a Senior Vice President of the Company and the General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch. He is a professor-level senior engineer. He graduated from Shandong Oceanographic Institute (now Ocean University of China) with a bachelor degree. He studied in the Business Institute of University of Alberta in Canada in 2001. He joined CNOOC in 1982 and served as Deputy Chief Geologist and Manager of Exploration Department of CNOOC Naihai West Corporation, a subsidiary of CNOOC, Chief Geologist of CNOOC Research Center, Assistant to General Manager of CNOOC China Limited and the General Manager of Exploration Department of the Company. In March 2003, he was appointed as Senior Vice President of the Company. In October 2005, Mr. Zhang was appointed as Senior Vice President of the Company and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Shanghai Branch. In July 2009, he was appointed as Director of Donghai Petroleum Administrative Bureau of CNOOC. In July 2015, he was appointed as Director of Nanhai West Petroleum Administrative Bureau of CNOOC and General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch.

 

Zhong Hua

 

Born in 1960, Mr. Zhong is Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Zhong is a professor-level senior economist and senior engineer and graduated from Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University) with a bachelor’s degree in Oil Exploitation. He received a master’s degree in Petroleum Engineering from Heriot-Watt University in the United Kingdom. He joined CNOOC in 1982, and has been working in the oil and gas industry for over 30 years. From 1982 to 1999, Mr. Zhong served as Petroleum Engineer of China Offshore Oil Nanhai West Corporation (“COONWC”), Expro Northsea Staff in UK, Deputy Manager of Downhole Services Company of Oil Production Company of COONWC, Manager of Wei 10-3 Oilfield, Oilfield Superintendent of CNOOC Indonesia Project, Supervisor of Ya 2-1-3 HTHP Well Testing Project, Deputy Manager of Drilling and Exploitation Institute, Manager of Science and Technology Development Department and Manager of Administration Department of COONWC. From September 1999 to October 2005, Mr. Zhong was General Manager of Administration Department and General Manager and Director of Development and Planning Department of the Company. From August 2005 to September 2010, Mr. Zhong served as Vice President, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of China Oilfield Services Limited, a company listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and Shanghai Stock Exchange, a subsidiary of CNOOC. On 16 September 2010, Mr. Zhong was appointed as Chief Financial Officer of the Company. From March 2012 to November 2015, Mr. Zhong served as Joint Company Secretary of the Company.

 

Deng Yunhua

 

Born in 1963, Mr. Deng is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Deputy Chief Exploration Engineer of the Company. Mr. Deng graduated from the Scientific Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development with a major in Petroleum Geology and Exploration and received a master’s degree in Engineering in 1988. He was assistant geologist and then geologist in the Exploration Department of CNOOC Bohai Corporation Institute from 1988 to 1989; and served as the Team Leader of the Comprehensive Petroleum Geological Research Team, Project Manager, Deputy Principal of Geologist, Deputy

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       51

 

Principal Geologist and Director of the Exploration Department and Deputy Chief Geologist in the CNOOC Bohai Corporation Institute. Mr. Deng became Deputy Chief Geology Engineer and Deputy General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Tianjian Branch from 1999 to 2005. He was Deputy Director of CNOOC Research Center from 2005 to 2006. He served as the Deputy Chief Exploration Engineer of the Company and the Deputy Director of CNOOC Research Center from 2006 to 2007. Mr. Deng served as Deputy Chief Geology Engineer of CNOOC, Deputy Chief Exploration Engineer of the Company and Deputy Director of CNOOC Research Center from 2007 to 2009; and Deputy Chief Geology Engineer of CNOOC, Deputy Chief Exploration Engineer of the Company and Deputy General Director of CNOOC Research Institute from 2009 to 2015. In November 2015, he was appointed as the Deputy Chief Geology Engineer of CNOOC, Deputy Chief Exploration Engineer of the Company and Deputy Director of Beijing Research Center of CNOOC China Limited.

 

Song Lisong

 

Born in 1957, Mr. Song is the Chief Safety Official and General Manager of the Quality, Health, Safety & Environmental Protection (QHSE) Department of the Company. He graduated in 1982 with a bachelor’s degree from the Department of Petroleum Development of East China Petroleum Institute (now China University of Petroleum), majoring in Drilling Engineering. In 1999, he graduated with a master’s degree of management from Department of Economic Management of School of Management, TianJin University. From 1982 to 1994, he served as Supervisor and Platform Manager for Bohai Oil Corporation, and a staff member of the offshore division of the Technology Safety Department and the head of the offshore safety division of the Technical Safety and Environmental Protection Department respectively. From 1994 to 1999, Mr. Song served as Director of the Safety Production Division and head of the Safety Office of the HSE Department of CNOOC. From 1999 to 2001, he served as Deputy Manager of the HSE Department of the Company. From 2001 to 2003, he served as Director of operational safety of the HSE Department of CNOOC. From 2003 to 2013, he served as the General Manager of the HSE Department of CNOOC and the Company. From March 2013 to September 2016, he served as the Deputy Chief Safety Official of CNOOC, the Chief Safety Official and General Manager of the QHSE Department of the Company. From September 2016 to now, he has been serving as the Deputy Chief Safety Official of CNOOC and the Chief Safety Official of the Company.

 

Liu Zaisheng

 

Born in 1962, Mr. Liu is a Vice President of the Company and Director of Beijing Research Center of CNOOC China Limited, General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Beijing Branch, Director of CNOOC Energy Technology Development Research Institute and General Manager of CNOOC Energy Technology Development Research Institute Company Limited. Mr. Liu graduated from Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University) with a bachelor’s degree. From 1983 to 1994, he served as Deputy Manager of District Research First Team of Exploration and Development Department Research Institute of Nanhai East Oil Corporation of CNOOC. From 1994 to 1997, he served as Principal of Seismic Engineer and Principal of Geologist of Exploration and Development Department of Nanhai East Oil Corporation of CNOOC. From 1997 to 1999, he served as Deputy Manager of Exploration and Development Department of Nanhai East Oil Corporation of CNOOC. From 1997 to 2001, he served as Deputy Director of Scientific and Technology Research Institute of Nanhai East Oil Corporation of CNOOC. From 2001 to 2004, he served as Director of Nanhai East Institute of the Research Center of CNOOC China Limited. From 2004 to 2009, he served as Manager, Assistant to General Manager, Deputy General Manager and Acting General Manager of Technology Department of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch respectively. From 2009 to 2016, he served as General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch and Director of Nanhai East Petroleum Administrative Bureau of CNOOC and General Manager of CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited respectively. From April to November 2016, he served as Director of Beijing Research Center of CNOOC China Limited, General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Beijing Branch, and General Director of CNOOC Energy Technology Development Research Institute and General Manager of CNOOC Energy Technology Development Research Institute Company Limited. In February 2017, Mr. Liu was appointed as a Vice President of the Company.

 

Qiu Zongjie

 

Born in 1958, Mr. Qiu is a Vice President and General Manager of Development and Production Department of the Company. He graduated from China University of Petroleum with a master degree. From 1982 to 1993, he served as Cadre and Deputy Manager of Oil Testing Company of CNOOC Nanhai West Corporation Oil Production Company. From 1993 to 1999, he served as Manager of Weizhou 11-4 oilfield, head of the operation division, Principal Engineer, Deputy Manager, Manager (and Manager of Oilfield Development Department) of CNOOC Nanhai West Corporation Oil Production Company respectively. From 1999 to 2001, he served as Manager of Petroleum Production Department of CNOOC Nanhai West Corporation. From 2001 to 2005, he served as Deputy General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Zhanjiang Branch. From 2005 to 2007, he served as Deputy General Manager of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch. From 2007 to 2016, he served as General Manager of Development and Production Department of the Company. He has been a Vice President and General Manager of Development and Production Department of the Company since February 2017.

 

52    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

JOINT COMPANY SECRETARIES

 

Li Jiewen

 

Born in 1965, Ms. Li Jiewen is the Joint Company Secretary and the General Manager (Director) of the Investor Relations Department (Office for the Board of Directors). Ms. Li is a senior economist and Certified Senior Enterprise Risk Manager and a member of CPA Australia. Ms. Li graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University with a bachelor’s degree in Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering in 1987. She received a master’s degree in Management from Zhejiang University in 2001. Ms. Li joined CNOOC in 1987 and has been working in the oil and gas industry for over 30 years. From 1987 to 1989, Ms. Li was a Assistant Engineer in Nanhai East Oil Corporation of CNOOC. From 1990 to 2003, she worked as the Assistant Engineer, Budget and Planning Engineer, Budget Supervisor, Assistant Finance Manager of CACT (CNOOC-AGIP-Chevron-Texaco) Operators Group. From February 2004 to October 2006, she served as the Finance Manager of CNOOC China Limited Shenzhen Branch. From October 2006 to November 2010, Ms. Li was the Deputy General Manager of the Controllers Department of the Company. Ms. Li served as the General Manager of the Controllers Department of the Company from November 2010 to June 2016. Ms. Li also served as the Director of Nexen Energy ULC, a subsidiary of the Company. Ms. Li has been also appointed as the General Manager (Director) of the Investor Relations Department (Office for the Board of Directors) of the Company since October 2015. Ms. Li was appointed as Joint Company Secretary of the Company with effective from 27 November 2015.

 

Tsue Sik Yu, May

 

Born in 1973, Ms. Tsue Sik Yu, May is the Joint Company Secretary of the Company. She graduated from Curtin University of Technology in Australia with a bachelor of commerce in accounting. Ms. Tsue furthered her education at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Master of Corporate Governance from 2004 to 2006, and MBA from The University of Hong Kong from 2014 to 2016. She is a fellow member of both the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators and the Hong Kong Institute of Chartered Secretaries since 2012 and became a member of Company Secretaries Panel and Advisor for Academy of Professional Certification in the same year, and became a member of ACCA since 2016. Furthermore, she is also a fellow member and certified risk trainer of the Institute of Crisis and Risk Management and an associate member of CPA Australia. From August 1998 to March 1999, Ms. Tsue worked in LG International (HK) Ltd. as a senior accounts clerk. Ms. Tsue joined China Ocean Oilfield Services (HK) Limited in 1999 as an accountant. She helped to manage the finance of the CNOOC Insurance Limited since 2000 and became its employee in 2004 as a manager of finance department. She serves as company secretary of CNOOC Insurance Limited since March 2007. Ms. Tsue was appointed as Joint Company Secretary of the Company with effect from 25 November 2008.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       53

 

Report of the Directors

 

The directors (the “Directors”) of the Company are pleased to present their report together with the audited financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

 

The principal activity of the Company is investment holding of its subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are principally engaged in the exploration, development, production and sales of crude oil and natural gas.

 

SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND OPERATING RESULTS

 

Please refer to the financial summary on page 2 of this annual report for a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Group as at 31 December 2016 and the operating results of the Group for the year then ended.

 

BUSINESS REVIEW

 

Overview and Performance of the Year

 

A review of the business of the Group and analysis of the Group’s performance using financial key performance indicators is provided in the Business Overview and Management’s Discussion and Analysis section on pages 8 to 24 and pages 63 to 67 of this annual report.

 

Environmental Policies and Performance

 

During the process of oilfield development, the Company highly values the protection of natural and ecological environment and its comprehensive environmental protection measures ensure the Company to comply with the applicable laws and regulations on environmental protection.

 

The Company’s environmental protection management system emphasizes the management of the whole process. During the process of construction and production of oilfields, we place Environment Impact Assessment (EIA), compliance with set standards or targets on pollutant emissions, control on total discharge amount and reduction on emissions as our priorities. During the pre-feasibility study phase, the environmental risk pre-assessment report will be conducted to identify the environmental sensitive areas for protecting marine ecosystem. During the ODP (Overall Development Plan) stage, it is a necessity to prepare and submit the EIA to the government for approval in advance of a project to be set up. During the construction stage, environmental protection supervision and management are strictly performed and tightened in order to reduce the impact on natural and social environment. During the production stage, pollutant emission monitor program is carried out, which analyzes the scope and extent of impact of the production process on the environment such that relevant environmental protection measures could be adopted. The environmental protection information system covers all information from EIA documents from all levels of the Group, information in relation to the report, statistics, monitoring and pre-warning system regarding pollutant emissions. The system enables us to achieve information management on environmental related matters.

 

For the year ended 31 December 2016, the Company has carried out the laws and regulations of the PRC on energy saving and reduction in emission, viewing energy saving and reduction in emission as important works for the transformation of the mode of development and optimization of the industrial structure. We kept on strictly carrying out energy-saving assessment and examination on new oilfield investment projects, ensuring this work can be integrated from the initial stage of projects. We also strengthened the efforts in technical reformation, which is the key to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.

 

Regarding the environmental issues that have material impacts on the Company’s business performance and future development, please refer to the environmental, social and governance report of 2016 prepared by the Company (the “2016 ESG report”) to be available on the Company’s website.

 

Compliance with Relevant Laws and Regulations

 

For the year ended 31 December 2016, compliance procedures were in place to ensure adherence to applicable laws, rules and regulations which have significant impact on the Group. The Board and senior management within their respective duties in

 

54    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

conjunction with internal and external professional advisors monitored the Group’s policies and practices on compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. Changes in the applicable laws, rules and regulations which have significant impact on the Group were brought to the attention of relevant employees and relevant operation units from time to time. During the reporting period, various works of the Board and senior management were in compliance with the relevant laws and regulations, the articles of association of the Company, charters of the board committees, internal policies and the relevant provisions of various internal control systems. Decision-making process was legitimate and effective. Directors and senior management performed in a diligent and responsible manner and the resolutions of the general meetings and board meetings were implemented faithfully. Meanwhile, the Company has timely performed its disclosure obligations which were in strict compliance with the requirements of the listing rules or manuals of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchange.

 

In accordance with the requirements of the laws, regulations and related policies in Hong Kong, PRC and relevant other jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the Company provides and maintains statutory benefits for its staff, including but not limited to pension schemes, mandatory provident fund, basic medical insurance, work injury insurance, etc. Further, the Group has been committed in complying relevant laws and regulations on work and occupational safety of employees of the Group.

 

Key Relationships with Stakeholders

 

The support and trust of our stakeholders is integral to the Company’s growth and success. Our stakeholders include shareholders and creditors, employees and employee organizations, governments and regulatory authorities, business partners and service providers, the public and communities, charities and non-government organizations (NGOs), and clients. We place emphasis on communications with our stakeholders and have established an open and transparent communication channel for each category of stakeholders to understand their expectations and requests.

 

Through specified communication methods, we looked into and sorted out the focuses and concerns of the stakeholders, and responded with corresponding actions and measures. We continued to strengthen the quality and effectiveness of information disclosure, comply with applicable laws and regulations and actively participate in public welfare activities, with the purpose of achieving mutual development and value sharing with our stakeholders. We have also formulated key indicators based on the focuses and concerns of different stakeholders to reflect our management performance on various subject matters. Some of our key indicators include return on equity and payout ratio for shareholders and creditors; employee training frequency, turnover rate and OSHA statistics for employees and employee organizations; violations of laws and regulations and safety and environment performance concerned by the government; partners’ feedback and contracts’ execution capability for business partners and service providers; public opinion and corporate image concerned by the public; community evaluations for communities; response rate on enquiries for charities and NGOs; satisfactory reports for clients; etc. Going forward, we will endeavor to improve our current policies, strive to maximize our stakeholders’ value and achieve a mutually beneficial outcome.

 

For more details on Company’s key relationships with stakeholders, please refer to the 2016 ESG report.

 

Key Risks and Uncertainties

 

A description of principal risks and uncertainties that the Group may be facing is provided in the Business Overview on pages 8 to 24 of this annual report.

 

Prospects

 

A description of the likely future development in the Company’s future business is provided in the Chairman’s statement on pages 6 to 7 and Business Overview on pages 8 to 24 of this annual report.

 

Subsequent Event

 

Please refer to note 38 to the consolidated financial statements for details of the significant events after the reporting period of the Group.

 

LOANS

 

Please refer to note 26 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 111 to 113 of this annual report for details of the loans and borrowings of the Group as at 31 December 2016.

  

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       55

 

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

 

Please refer to note 14 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 103 to 104 of this annual report for the movements in property, plant and equipment of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

RESERVES

 

The distributable reserves of the Company as at 31 December 2016 amounted to RMB121,571 million.

 

Please refer to the consolidated statement of changes in equity on page 75 and note 39 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 129 to 130 of this annual report for movements in the reserves of the Group and the Company, respectively, for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

SUBSIDIARIES, ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES

 

Particulars of the Company’s subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures as at 31 December 2016 are set out in notes 16, 17 and 18 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 105 to 109 of this annual report.

 

DIVIDENDS

 

An interim dividend of HK$0.12 (tax inclusive) per share was declared on 24 August 2016, and paid to the shareholders of the Company on 13 October 2016.

 

The Board recommended a payment of a final dividend of HK$0.23 (tax inclusive) per share for the year ended 31 December 2016, payable on 18 July 2017 to all shareholders on the register of members of the Company on 16 June 2017 subject to shareholders’ approval.

 

RETIREMENT BENEFITS

 

Please refer to note 31 to the consolidated financial statements on page 120 of this annual report for details of the retirement benefits of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

MAJOR SUPPLIERS AND CUSTOMERS

 

Purchases from the largest supplier of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2016 represented approximately 12% of the Group’s total purchases. The total purchases attributable to the five largest suppliers of the Group accounted for approximately 38% of the total purchases of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

Sales to the largest third party customer for the year ended 31 December 2016 represented approximately 7% of the Group’s total revenue. The total sales attributable to the five largest third party customers of the Group accounted for approximately 18% of the Group’s total revenue for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

For the year ended 31 December 2016, except for the continuing connected transactions with its indirect controlling shareholder CNOOC and its associates, as disclosed in the section entitled “Connected Transactions” below, none of the Directors or their respective close associates or any shareholder of the Company (which to the knowledge of the Directors owns more than 5% of the Company’s share capital) had any interests in the five largest suppliers or customers of the Group.

 

CHARITABLE DONATIONS

 

The donations by the Group for the year ended 31 December 2016 amounted to RMB34 million.

 

CONNECTED TRANSACTIONS

 

The Independent Non-executive Directors have confirmed that the following continuing connected transactions for the year ended 31 December 2016 to which any member of the Group was a party were entered into by the Group:

 

1.

in the ordinary and usual course of its business;

 

2.

on normal commercial terms or better; and

 

56    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

3.

in accordance with the relevant agreements (including pricing principles and guidelines set out therein) governing the transactions on terms that were fair and reasonable and in the interests of the shareholders of the Company as a whole.

 

Comprehensive framework agreement with CNOOC in respect of the provision of a range of products and services

 

The Company entered into a comprehensive framework agreement on 6 November 2013 with CNOOC, controlling shareholder of the Company, for the provision (1) by the Group to CNOOC and/or its associates and (2) by CNOOC and/or its associates to the Group of a range of products and services which may be required and requested from time to time by either party and/or its associates in respect of the continuing connected transactions. The comprehensive framework agreement is substantially on the same terms as the terms contained in the comprehensive framework agreements entered into by the Company on 1 November 2010. The term of the comprehensive framework agreement is for a period of three years from 1 January 2014. The continuing connected transactions under the comprehensive framework agreement and the relevant annual caps for the three years from 1 January 2014 were approved by the independent shareholders of the Company on 27 November 2013. The continuing connected transactions under the comprehensive framework agreement and the relevant annual caps are set out below:

 

Categories of continuing connected transactions			Annual caps for 2014 to 2016
Provision of exploration, oil and gas development, oil and gas production as well as marketing, management and ancillary services by CNOOC and/or its associates to the Group
(a)	Provision of  exploration and  support services		For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB15,000 million,  RMB16,100 million and  RMB17,200 million,  respectively
(b)	Provision of oil  and gas  development and  support services		For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB47,200 million,  RMB49,600 million and  RMB52,100 million,  respectively
(c)	Provision of oil  and gas  production and  support services		For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB10,500 million,  RMB11,600 million and  RMB12,800 million,  respectively
(d)	Provision of  marketing,  management and  ancillary services		For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB1,408 million,  RMB1,875 million and  RMB2,075 million,  respectively
(e)	FPSO vessel leases		For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB1,450 million,  RMB2,180 million and  RMB2,350 million,  respectively

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       57

 

Provision of management, technical, facilities and ancillary services, including the supply of materials by the Group to CNOOC and/or its associates

 

Provision of management,  technical, facilities and  ancillary services, including  the supply of materials to  CNOOC and/or its  Associates

For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB100 million,  RMB100 million and  RMB100 million,  respectively

 

Sales of petroleum and natural gas products by the Group to CNOOC and/or its associates

 

(a)	Sales of petroleum  and natural gas  products (other  than long term sales  of natural gas and  liquefied natural gas)	For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB346,700 million,  RMB438,600 million and  RMB504,400 million,  respectively
(b)	Long term sales of  natural gas and  liquefied natural gas	For the three years ended  31 December 2016,  RMB30,700 million,  RMB38,900 million and  RMB44,700 million,  respectively

 

The Company expected to continue the continuing connected transactions contemplated under such comprehensive framework agreement after 31 December 2016. Therefore, the Company entered into a new comprehensive framework agreement with CNOOC on 15 November 2016. The term of the new comprehensive framework agreement is for a period of three years from 1 January 2017. The new comprehensive framework agreement is substantially on the same terms as the terms contained in the comprehensive framework agreement entered into by the Company on 6 November 2013, with more details about the pricing principles. The continuing connected transactions under the new comprehensive framework agreement and the relevant annual caps for the three years from 1 January 2017 were approved by the independent shareholders of the Company on 1 December 2016. For details of such relevant annual caps, please refer to the announcement of the Company dated 15 November 2016 and the circular of the Company dated 16 November 2016.

 

Financial services provided by CNOOC Finance Corporation Limited to the Group

 

On 14 October 2008, the Company entered into a financial services framework agreement with CNOOC Finance Corporation Limited, an associate of CNOOC (“CNOOC Finance”), pursuant to which CNOOC Finance provides the Group a range of financial services. On 20 August 2010, the Company entered into a renewal agreement with CNOOC Finance to renew such financial services framework agreement.

 

As the financial services framework agreement (as renewed on 20 August 2010) expired on 31 December 2013, the Company entered into a new renewal agreement (“New Renewal Agreement”) with CNOOC Finance on 27 November 2013 to renew the financial services framework agreement for a term of another three years from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016. The New Renewal Agreement is substantially on the same terms as the terms contained in the renewal agreement entered into by the Company on 20 August 2010. The continuing connected transactions in respect of the depositary services under the New Renewal Agreement are exempted from independent shareholders’ approval requirements, but subject to the annual reporting, annual review and announcement requirements.

 

The maximum daily outstanding balance of deposits (including accrued interest) (excluding funds placed for the purpose of extending entrustment loans pursuant to the entrustment loan services) placed by the Group with CNOOC Finance should not exceed RMB22 billion for the period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016.

 

58    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

The Company expected to continue the continuing connected transactions contemplated under the New Renewal Agreement after 31 December 2016. Therefore, on 1 December 2016, the Company entered into a new financial services framework agreement with CNOOC Finance pursuant to which CNOOC Finance continues to provide a range of financial services as may be required and requested by the Group, for a term of another three years from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019. Apart from the duration of the new financial services framework agreement, the pricing policy for the depositary services and update of the address and relevant dates, the new financial services framework agreement is substantially on the same terms as the terms contained in the financial services framework agreement (as renewed on 20 August 2010 and 27 November 2013) entered into by the Company on 14 October 2008. The continuing connected transactions in respect of the depositary services under the new financial services framework agreement are exempted from independent shareholders’ approval requirement, but subject to the annual reporting, annual review and announcement requirements. The maximum daily outstanding balance of deposits (including accrued interest) (excluding funds placed for the purpose of extending entrustment loans pursuant to the entrustment loan services) placed by the Group with CNOOC Finance should not exceed RMB19.5 billion for the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019.

 

The Independent Non-executive Directors have further confirmed that for the year ended 31 December 2016:

 

(i)

Provision of exploration, oil and gas development, oil and gas production as well as marketing, management and ancillary services by CNOOC and/or its associates to the Group:

 

(a)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the provision of exploration and support services did not exceed RMB17,200 million.

 

(b)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the provision of oil and gas development and support services did not exceed RMB52,100 million.

 

(c)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the provision of oil and gas production and support services did not exceed RMB12,800 million.

 

(d)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the provision of marketing, management and ancillary services did not exceed RMB2,075 million.

 

(e)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for FPSO vessel leases did not exceed RMB2,350 million.

 

(ii)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the provision of management, technical, facilities and ancillary services, including the supply of materials by the Group to CNOOC and/or its associates did not exceed RMB100 million;

 

(iii)

Sales of petroleum and natural gas products by the Group to CNOOC and/or its associates:

 

(a)

The aggregate annual volume of transactions for the sales of petroleum and natural gas products (other than long term sales of natural gas and liquefied natural gas) did not exceed RMB504,400 million.

 

(b)

The aggregate annual volume of the transactions for the long term sales of natural gas and liquefied natural gas did not exceed RMB44,700 million.

 

(iv)

The maximum daily outstanding balance of deposits (including accrued interest) (excluding funds placed for the purpose of extending entrustment loans pursuant to the entrustment loan services) placed by the Group with CNOOC Finance did not exceed RMB22 billion.

 

The independent auditors of the Group have reviewed the continuing connected transactions referred to above and confirmed to the Board of Directors that the continuing connected transactions:

 

1.

have received the approval of the Board;

 

2.

were in accordance with the pricing policies for the transactions involving the provision of goods or services by the Group as stated in the Company’s financial statements;

 

3.

were entered into in accordance with the relevant agreements governing the transactions; and

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       59

 

4.

have not exceeded the applicable caps.

 

Please also refer to note 30 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 116 to 119 of this annual report for a summary of the related party transactions which include the Group’s continuing connected transactions.

 

SHARE CAPITAL

 

Please refer to note 28 to the consolidated financial statements on page 114 of this annual report for details of movements in the Company’s total issued shares for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

SHARE OPTION SCHEMES

 

The Company has adopted the following share option schemes for the grant of options to the Company’s Directors, senior management and other eligible grantees:

 

1.

Pre-Global Offering Share Option Scheme (expired in 2011);

 

2.

2001 Share Option Scheme (expired in 2011);

 

3.

2002 Share Option Scheme (expired in 2015); and

 

4.

2005 Share Option Scheme.

 

Under these share option schemes, the Remuneration Committee of the Board will from time to time propose for the Board’s approval for grant of and the number of share options to be granted to the relevant grantees. The maximum aggregate number of shares (including those that could be subscribed for under the Pre-Global Offering Share Option Scheme, the 2001 Share Option Scheme, the 2002 Share Option Scheme and the 2005 Share Option Scheme) which may be issued upon exercise of all options to be granted shall not exceed 10% of the total issued shares of the Company as at 31 December 2005, being the date on which the shareholders of the Company approved the 2005 Share Option Scheme, excluding share options which have lapsed in accordance with the terms of the share option schemes.

 

Please refer to the note 28 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 114 to 115 of this annual report for details regarding each of these share option schemes of the Company. Save as those disclosed in the annual report, no right to subscribe for equity or debt securities of the Company has been granted by the Company to, nor have any such rights been exercised by, any other person during the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

60    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

During the year ended 31 December 2016, the movements in the options granted under all of the above share option schemes were as follows:

 

																								Price of the			Weighted average
																								Company’s			closing price of the
	Number of share options																								shares			Company’s shares
																					Exercise			Immediately			Immediately
				Granted			Exercised			Forfeited			Expired				As at 31				price			before the			before the			At exercise
Name of category	As at 1 January			during			during			during			During				December		Date of grant of	Exercise period of	of share			grant date			exercise			date of
of grantee	2016			the year			the year			the year			the year				2016		share options	share options*	options			of options			date			options
																					HK$			HK$			HK$			HK$
																					per share			per share			per share			per share
Executive Directors Yang Hua		1,770,000			-			-			(1,770,000	)		-					14 June 2006	14 June 2006 to 14 June 2016		5.56			5.30			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					25 May 2007	25 May 2007 to 25 May 2017		7.29			7.43			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					29 May 2008	29 May 2008 to 29 May 2018		14.828			14.20			-			-
		2,835,000			-			-			-			2,835,000					27 May 2009	27 May 2009 to 27 May 2019		9.93			9.33			-			-
		2,000,000			-			-			-			2,000,000					20 May 2010	20 May 2010 to 20 May 2020		12.696			12.22			-			-
Yuan Guangyu		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					27 May 2009	27 May 2009 to 27 May 2019		9.93			9.33			-			-
		1,899,000			-			-			-			1,899,000					20 May 2010	20 May 2010 to 20 May 2020		12.696			12.22			-			-
Non-executive Directors
Wu Guangqi		1,770,000			-			-			(1,770,000	)		-					14 June 2006	14 June 2006 to 14 June 2016		5.56			5.30			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					25 May 2007	25 May 2007 to 25 May 2017		7.29			7.43			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					29 May 2008	29 May 2008 to 29 May 2018		14.828			14.20			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					27 May 2009	27 May 2009 to 27 May 2019		9.93			9.33			-			-
		1,857,000			-			-			-			1,857,000					20 May 2010	20 May 2010 to 20 May 2020		12.696			12.22			-			-

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       61

 

 

																								Price of the			Weighted average
																								Company’s			price of the
	Number of share options																								shares			Company’s shares
																					Exercise			Immediately			Immediately
				Granted			Exercised			Forfeited			Expired			As at 31					price			before the			before the			At exercise
Name of category	As at 1 January			during			during			during			during			December			Date of grant of	Exercise period of	of share			grant date			exercise			date of
of grantee	2016			the year			the year			the year			the year			2016			share options*	share options*	options			of options			date			options
																					HK$			HK$			HK$			HK$
																					per share			per share			per share			per share
Other Employees** in aggregate		33,630,000			-			-			-			(33,630,000	)		-		14 June 2006	14 June 2006 to 14 June 2016		5.56			5.30			-			-
		39,202,000			-			-			(7,812,000	)		-			31,390,000		25 May 2007	25 May 2007 to 25 May 2017		7.29			7.43			-			-
		46,404,000			-			-			(8,178,000	)		-			38,226,000		29 May 2008	29 May 2008 to 29 May 2018		14.828			14.20			-			-
		55,002,000			-			-			(10,179,000	)		-			44,823,000		27 May 2009	27 May 2009 to 27 May 2019		9.93			9.33			-			-
		65,081,000			-			-			(11,724,000	)		-			53,357,000		20 May 2010	20 May 2010 to 20 May 2020		12.696			12.22			-			-
Total		262,592,000			-			-			(37,893,000	)		(37,170,000	)		187,529,000

 

*

Except for share options granted under the Pre-Global Offering Share Option Scheme, all share options granted are subject to a vesting schedule pursuant to which one third of the options granted vest on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant, respectively, such that the options granted are fully vested on the third anniversary of the date of grant.

 

62    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

EQUITY-LINKED AGREEMENT

 

Save as disclosed in this annual report, there was no equity-linked agreement entered into by the Company during the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

PURCHASE, SALE OR REDEMPTION OF Listed securities

 

Save as disclosed in this annual report, there was no purchase, sale or redemption by the Company, or any of its subsidiaries, of its listed securities during the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

NAME OF DIRECTOR

 

The Directors of the Company during the year and up to the date of this annual report are:

 

Executive Directors

Yang Hua (Chairman) (Note 1)

Yuan Guangyu (Note 2)

Li Fanrong (Note 3)

 

Non-executive Directors

Liu Jian (Vice Chairman) (Note 4)

Wu Guangqi (Note 5)

Lv Bo (Note 6)

 

Independent Non-executive Directors

Chiu Sung Hong

Lawrence J. Lau

Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius

Kevin G. Lynch

 

Note 1:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yang Hua, Chairman of the Board, was re-designated from a Non-executive Director to an Executive Director of the Company and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

 

Note 2:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company.

 

Note 3:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company.

 

Note 4:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

Note 5:

With effect from 15 June 2016, Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated from an Executive Director to a Non-executive Director. With effect from 20 December 2016, he was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

Note 6:

With effect from 20 December 2016, Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee.

 

In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association and pursuant to Appendix 14 to Listing Rules, Mr. Liu Jian, Mr. Yuan Guangyu, Mr. Lawrence J. Lau and Mr. Kevin G. Lynch will retire at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting and, who being eligible, will offer themselves for re-election.

 

The list of directors who have served on the boards of the subsidiaries of the Company included in the annual consolidated financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2016 during the year and up to the date of this report is as follows:

 

Chen Bi, Chen Ming, Chen Wei, Chen Yan, Chen Zhaoguang, Cheng Chi, Cui Hanyun, Deng Jinhui, Ding Fang, Duan Chenggang, Fang Zhi, Gong Shaobo, Han Mei, Hua Chenggang, Huang Chunlin, Jing Fengjiang, Kuang Likun, Leng Haoyu, Li Bo, Li Fanrong, Li Jiewen, Li Qijun, Li Rongguang, Li Yong, Lin Yaosheng, Ling Fuhai, Liu Jian, Liu Kuang, Liu Mingquan, Liu Song, Liu Xiangdong, Liu Xiaoxiang, Liu Zaisheng, Lu Yongfeng, Ma Qiangui, Pang Jian, Qiu Zongjie, Ren Qi, Shen Yiming, Sheng Jianbo, Shi Hesheng, Tao Weixiang, Wang Shoushan, Wang Xin, Wang Yaohui, Wang Zhizhong, Wu Guangqi, Wu Peikang, Xiang Hua, Xiao Zongwei, Xie Wensheng, Xie Yuhong, Xing Weiqi, Yang Hua, Yu Jin, Yuan Guangyu, Zhang Bing, Zhang Fengjiu, Zhang Guohua, Zhao Hong, Zhao Shunqiang, CNOOC Limited, Zhong Hua, Zhou Hongbo, Zhu Weilin

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       63

 

Alan O’Brien, Anita R. Koval, Ariel D. Schneider, Baptiste Aubry, Bastiaan Spaargaren, Brent C. Tilford, Carolyn Hoogsteyns, Christine M. O’Connor, Colin T. O. Brewer, Colleen V. Johnson, Corey D. Riley, Darie Robbrecht, Darren C. Jones, Darren Jay Knoll, David O. Tudor, Dedde Zeelenberg, Elsina T. Kromhout, EQ Management and Consultancy Limited, Gina A. Barber, Gregg E. Radetsky, Ian M. Smale, Jacqueline J. Loke Mun-Tze, James G. Doran, Jamie D. Doyle, Jerome A. van Zuijlen, Jessica Lanzillotta, John A. Pritchett, John F.M. Abbott, John Michael Killip, Juan M. Acosta, Katarzyna Kopaczewska, Kenneth J. Krieg, Kimberly D. Woima, Kurt Rohner, Lawson A.W. Hunter, Lester C. Jager, Marie L. Jersak, Marilyn J. Schonberner, Marjorie Allo, Masaki Ogihara, Paul Harris, Peter D. Addy, Quinn E. Wilson, Ray C. J. Riddoch, Rick C. Beingessner, Rick L. Sumrall, Robert H. Henkhuzens, Ronald W. Bailey, Rosalind L. C. Bynoe, Roy L. Swystun, Ryan A. Rueve, SGG Management (Netherlands) B.V., Sheila Kaul, Shoji Sorimachi, Simon R. Perchard, Theresa A. Roessel, Tiara Ltd., Timothy J. Keating, USN (Ret.), Admiral, Tina O’Connor, Trevor L. Norman, W. Mark Simpson, Wilhelmus G. Rieff, Yu Liang

 

DIRECTORS’ INTERESTS

 

As at 31 December 2016, apart from holding personal interests in options to subscribe for shares in the Company granted under the share option schemes of the Company as disclosed in this annual report, the interests of each Director and chief executive of the Company in the equity or debt securities of the Company or any associated corporations (within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (“SFO”)) which were required (i) to be notified to the Company and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange pursuant to Divisions 7 and 8 of Part XV of the SFO (including interests and short positions which they are taken or deemed to have under such provisions of the SFO); (ii) pursuant to section 352 of the SFO, to be entered in the register referred to therein; or (iii) pursuant to the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (the “Model Code”), to be notified to the Company and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange are as follows:

 

								Approximate
								percentage of
				Ordinary				total issued
Name of Director		Nature of interest		shares held				shares
Chiu Sung Hong		Beneficial interest			1,150,000				0.003	%

 

Save as disclosed above, as at 31 December 2016, none of the Directors and chief executive of the Company was interested in the equity or debt securities of the Company or any associated corporations (within the meaning of the SFO) which were required (i) to be notified to the Company and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange pursuant to Divisions 7 and 8 of Part XV of the SFO (including interests and short positions which they were taken or deemed to have under such provisions of the SFO); (ii) pursuant to section 352 of the SFO, to be entered in the register referred to therein; or (iii) pursuant to the Model Code, to be notified to the Company and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. All the interests held by the Directors and chief executive represent long positions.

 

64    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

SUBSTANTIAL SHAREHOLDERS’ INTERESTS

 

As at 31 December 2016, so far as was known to the Directors and chief executive of the Company, the persons, other than a Director or chief executive of the Company, who had an interest or a short position in the Shares and underlying Shares which would fall to be disclosed to the Company under the provisions of Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO were as follows:

 

						Approximate
						percentage of
		Ordinary				total issued
		shares held				shares
(i) CNOOC (BVI) Limited			28,772,727,268				64.44	%
(ii) Overseas Oil & Gas Corporation, Ltd. (“OOGC”)			28,772,727,273				64.44	%
(iii) CNOOC			28,772,727,273				64.44	%

 

Note:

CNOOC (BVI) Limited is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of OOGC, which is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of CNOOC. Accordingly, CNOOC (BVI) Limited’s interests are recorded as the interests of OOGC and CNOOC.

 

All the interests stated above represent long positions. As at 31 December 2016, save as disclosed above, the Directors and chief executive of the Company are not aware of any other person having interests or short positions (other than the Directors and chief executives of the Company) in the Shares and underlying Shares which would fall to be disclosed to the Company under the provisions of Divisions 2 and 3 of Part XV of the SFO, or who is, directly or indirectly, interested in 10% or more of the nominal value of any class of share capital carrying rights to vote in all circumstances at general meetings of any other member of the Group.

 

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY

 

Please refer to pages 44 to 51 of this annual report for information concerning the Directors and senior management of the Company.

 

DIRECTORS’ SERVICE CONTRACTS AND INTERESTS IN transaction, arrangement and contract OF SIGNIFICANCE

 

No Director (including those to be re-elected) has an unexpired service contract with the Company which is not determinable by the Company within one year without payment of compensation (other than normal statutory obligations).

 

Save as disclosed in this annual report, as at 31 December 2016 or during the year, none of the Directors or entities connected with the Directors was materially interested, either directly or indirectly, in any transaction, arrangement or contract which is significant in relation to the business of the Group to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries was a party.

 

DIRECTORS’ PERMITTED INDEMNITY PROVISION

 

Pursuant to the Company’s Articles of Association, every Director or other officer of the Company shall be entitled to be indemnified out of the assets of the Company against all costs, charges, expenses, losses and liabilities which he/she may sustain or incur in or about the execution of the duties of his/her office or otherwise in relation thereto. The Company has arranged appropriate directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage for the Directors and officers of the Group during the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS

 

Other than the service contracts of the Directors, the Company has not entered into any contract with any individual, firm or body corporate to manage or administer the whole or any substantial part of any business of the Company during the year.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       65

 

EMOLUMENTS OF THE DIRECTORS, Senior Management AND THE FIVE HIGHEST PAID INDIVIDUALS

 

Please refer to notes 9 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements on pages 96 to 98 of this annual report for details of the emoluments of the Directors, senior management and the five highest paid individuals of the Company.

 

MATERIAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

As at 31 December 2016, the Company was not involved in any material litigation or arbitration and no material litigation or arbitration were pending or threatened or made against the Company so far as the Company is aware.

 

COMPLIANCE WITH THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CODE

 

Except deviation from the CG Code provisions A.2.1 and A.4.1, the Company has complied with the code provisions of the CG Code as set out in Appendix 14 of the Listing Rules throughout the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

Please refer to the Corporate Governance Report on pages 25 to 43 of this annual report for details.

 

AUDITORS

 

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu was appointed as the auditors of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2016 and has audited the accompanying financial statements. A resolution to re-appoint Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu as auditors of the Company will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting to be held on 26 May 2017.

 

SUFFICIENCY OF PUBLIC FLOAT

 

As at the date of this report, the Directors confirmed that based on information that is publicly available to the Company and within the knowledge of the Directors, the Company had maintained sufficient amount of public float as required under the Listing Rules. As at the date of this report, based on publicly available information and within the Directors’ knowledge, approximately 35.56% of the Company’s total issued shares were held by the public. The total number of total issued shares of the Company is 44,647,455,984. The closing price of the share of the Company as at 30 December 2016 is HK$9.70 per share.

 

VOTING BY POLL

 

In 2016, all votes of shareholders were taken by poll in the annual general meeting and extraordinary general meetings of the Company. Pursuant to the Rule 13.39(4), all votes of shareholders will be taken by poll except where the chairman, in good faith, decides to allow a resolution which relates purely to a procedural or administrative matter to be voted on by a show of hands.

 

 

By Order of the Board

YANG Hua

Chairman

 

Hong Kong, 23 March 2017

 

66    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Chairman’s Statement and the Business Overview section, as well as the Group’s audited financial statements and the related notes.

 

Development Strategy

 

As one of the largest independent oil and gas exploration and production companies, we mainly engage in the exploration, development, production and sales of oil and natural gas. The principal components of our strategy are as follows:

 

Focus on reserve and production growth

 

As an upstream company specializing in the exploration, development, production and sales of oil and natural gas, we consider reserve and production growth as our top priorities. We plan to increase our reserves and production through drill bits and value-driven acquisitions. We will continue to concentrate our independent exploration efforts on major operating areas, especially offshore China. In the meantime, we will continue to cooperate with our partners through production sharing contracts to lower capital requirements and exploration risks.

 

We increase our production primarily through the development of proved undeveloped reserves. As of 31 December 2016, approximately 51.2% of our proved reserves were classified as proved undeveloped, which provides a solid resource base for maintaining stable production in the future.

 

Develop natural gas business

 

We will continue to develop the natural gas market, and continue to explore and develop natural gas fields. In the event that we invest in businesses and geographic areas where we have limited experience and expertise, we plan to structure our investments in the form of alliances or partnerships with partners possessing the relevant experience and expertise.

 

Maintain a prudent financial policy

 

We will continue to maintain our prudent financial policy. As an essential part of our corporate culture, we continue to promote cost consciousness among both our management team and employees. Also, in our performance evaluation system, cost control has been one of the most important key performance indicators.

 

In 2016, we continued our efforts to lower costs and enhance efficiency through innovation in technology and management. Operating expenses per BOE decreased for the third consecutive year. Under low oil price environment, we attached more importance to cash flow management and maintained a healthy financial position.

 

2016 Overview

 

In 2016, the recovery of the global economy remained slow and uneven with divergent economic trends in major economies. The pace of U.S. economic recovery picked up while that of Eurozone was not firm and even subdued in Japan. Some emerging economies faced more challenges. In 2016, the economy of China was generally stable with notable progress and achievements, and recorded a 6.7% growth in its GDP for the year.

 

At the end of November 2016, OPEC reached the first production-cutting agreement in eight years and international oil price rebounded to over US$50 per barrel. In 2016, WTI crude oil price averaged US$43.34 per barrel, representing a decrease of 11.0% over the previous year; Brent crude oil price averaged US$45.13 per barrel, representing a decrease of 15.8% year over year.

 

Under the pressure of a persisting low oil price, the Company further intensified the “Year of Quality and Efficiency” program, strictly and scientifically controlled capital expenditure and lowered costs and increased efficiency to consolidate the foundation for development and to pursue long-term sustainable development. In addition, the Chinese government enacted regulations of the overall replacement of business tax with Value Added Tax (“VAT”) nationwide effective from May 1, 2016, and the 5% production tax had been transferred to regular VAT in independent oil and gas fields at the same time which has positive effects on reducing the cost in the Company.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       67

 

During the year, the Company realized a net production of 476.9 million BOE, representing a decrease of 3.8% over the previous year, which reached the annual production target. For exploration, the Company made breakthroughs domestically and overseas, consolidating our resources for sustainable development. New project construction progressed smoothly. All four new projects planned for 2016 have commenced production. HSE maintained a stable performance.

 

The Company maintained a solid financial condition in 2016. Oil and gas sales were RMB121,325 million (US$18,287.3 million, with the exchange rates applicable for 2016 at 6.6344), representing a decrease of 17.2% over the previous year. Net profit was RMB637 million (US$96.0 million), representing a decrease of 96.9% over the previous year.

 

As at 31 December 2016, the Company’s basic and diluted earnings per share were RMB0.01 and RMB0.01, respectively. The board of directors has recommended the payment of a final dividend of HK$0.23 per share (tax inclusive).

 

Looking into 2017, the global economy will continue to recover slowly and international oil prices will stay low despite of certain rebound. The external operating environment is likely to remain tough. In spite of this, the Company remains confident and persistent. We will further strengthen our operating strategies to meet our production and operation targets.

 

BUSINESS REVIEW

 

For details, please refer to “Business Overview” on page 8 to 24 of the annual report.

 

FINANCIAL RESULTS

 

Consolidated net profit

 

Our consolidated net profit decreased 96.9% to RMB637 million (US$96.0 million) in 2016 from RMB20,246 million in 2015, primarily as a result of the decrease in profitability under the low international oil price environment and impairment charge.

 

Revenues

 

Our oil and gas sales, realized prices and sales volume in 2016 are as follows:

 

		2016				2015				Change				Change (%)
Oil and gas sales (RMB million)			121,325				146,597				(25,272	)			(17.2	%)
Crude and liquids			106,448				128,929				(22,481	)			(17.4	%)
Natural gas			14,877				17,668				(2,791	)			(15.8	%)
Sales volume (million BOE)*			458.3				480.1				(21.8	)			(4.5	%)
Crude and liquids (million barrels)			387.6				404.0				(16.4	)			(4.1	%)
Natural gas (bcf)			410				444				(34	)			(7.5	%)
Realized prices
Crude and liquids (US$/barrel)			41.40				51.27				(9.87	)			(19.3	%)
Natural gas (US$/mcf)			5.46				6.39				(0.93	)			(14.6	%)
Net production (million BOE)			476.9				495.7				(18.8	)			(3.8	%)
China			311.1				323.4				(12.3	)			(3.8	%)
Overseas			165.8				172.3				(6.5	)			(3.8	%)

 

*

Excluding our interest in equity-accounted investees.

 

In 2016, our net production was 476.9 million BOE (including our interest in equity-accounted investees), representing an decrease of 3.8% from 495.7 million BOE in 2015, mainly due to the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement, and the optimization of production plan under the low oil price environment. In addition, the wildfire in Canada caused production suspension brought further decrease in production. The decrease in crude and liquids sales was primarily due to lower realised oil prices and sales volume in 2016 compared to 2015. The decrease in natural gas sales was primarily due to lower China government state-prescribed price and decrease in downstream demand.

 

Operating expenses

 

Our operating expenses decreased 18.2% to RMB23,211 million (US$3,498.6 million) in 2016 from RMB28,372 million in 2015, attributable from effective cost control. The operating expenses per BOE decreased 14.9% to RMB50.6 (US$7.62) per BOE in 2016 from RMB59.4 (US$9.55) per BOE in 2015. Operating expenses per BOE offshore China decreased 10.9% to RMB 44.1

 

68    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

(US$6.65) per BOE in 2016 from RMB49.5 (US$7.96) per BOE in 2015. Overseas operating expenses per BOE decreased 20.1% to RMB64.1 (US$9.66) per BOE in 2016 from RMB80.2 (US$12.88) per BOE in 2015.

 

Taxes other than income tax

 

Our taxes other than income tax decreased 35.6% to RMB6,941 million (US$1,046.2 million) in 2016 from RMB10,770 million in 2015. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in oil and gas revenue, in addition, the transfer from 5% production tax to regular VAT in independent oil and gas fields in China brought further decrease.

 

Exploration expenses

 

Our exploration expenses decreased 25.7% to RMB7,359 million (US$1,109.2 million) in 2016 from RMB9,900 million in 2015, due to the dry hole expense decreased significantly compared to 2015 under strengthening intensify of exploration appraisal during the year and reducing the proportion of high risk and high cost wells. Meanwhile, the seismic expense decreased as compared to 2015 under the circumstance of increasing workload of 3D seismic data collection, resulting from continued strengthening of geological research and improvement in the operation standards.

 

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

 

Our depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased 6.2% to RMB68,907 million (US$10,386.3 million) in 2016 from RMB73,439 million in 2015, resulting from the decrease of production volume. Our average depreciation, depletion and amortization per BOE, excluding the dismantlement-related depreciation, depletion and amortization, increased 0.2% to RMB146.8 (US$22.12) per BOE in 2016 from RMB146.4 (US$23.53) per BOE in 2015.

 

The dismantlement-related depreciation, depletion and amortization costs decreased 55.7% to RMB1,569 million (US$236.5 million) in 2016 from RMB3,545 million in 2015. Our average dismantling costs per BOE decreased 54.0% to RMB3.42 (US$0.52) per BOE in 2016 from RMB7.43 (US$1.19) per BOE in 2015, primarily due to the fact that the expected dismantlement costs in independent oil and gas fields no longer included the relevant taxes after the replacement of business tax with VAT in China.

 

Impairment, provision and write off

 

Our impairment and provision increased 343.2% to RMB12,171 million (US$1,834.5 million) in 2016 from RMB2,746 million in 2015. In 2016, certain oil and gas properties located in North America, Europe and Africa were impaired, which was reflected by the revision of the estimation for the oil price forecast and the adjustment in operating plan for oil sand assets in Canada. Meanwhile, the Company wrote off certain oil and gas assets in North America due to the expired lease contracts. Approximately RMB823 million was included in the exploration expenses and RMB605 million was included in the depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge, respectively. Please refer to Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statement of this annual report. In addition, the company had an approximately RMB1,403 million bad debt provision which was classified as impairment and provision due to risk associated with the collection of Nigeria trade receivable. Please refer to Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statement of this annual report.

 

Selling and administrative expenses

 

Our selling and administrative expenses increased 13.8% to RMB6,493 million (US$978.8 million) in 2016 from RMB5,705 million in 2015 due to the increasing of transportation costs in North America resulting from technology improvement of some production facilities. Our selling and administrative expenses per BOE increased 18.4% to RMB14.15 (US$2.13) per BOE in 2016 from RMB11.95 (US$1.92) per BOE in 2015.

 

Exchange losses, net

 

Our net exchange losses increased 452.4% to RMB790 million (US$119.1 million) in 2016 from RMB143 million in 2015, primarily as a result of the increase in exchange losses as a result of RMB, GBP and CAD fluctuation against the US dollars.

 

Investment income

 

Our investment income increased 15.7% to RMB2,774 million (US$418.1 million) in 2016 from RMB2,398 million in 2015, primarily attributable to the increase in return on corporate wealth management products and money market funds held by the Company.

 

Share of (losses)/profits of associates and a joint venture

 

Our share of losses of associates and a joint venture changed 104.0% to RMB76 million (US$11.5 million) in 2016, while in 2015 we shared profits of RMB1,903 million, primarily attributable to losses from sales of shares of Northern Crosss (Yukon) Limited located in Canada and decreases in profitability of some associates and a joint venture due to continuous decline in oil price.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       69

 

Income tax credit

 

Our income tax credit increased 89.7% to RMB5,912 million (US$891.1 million) in 2016 from RMB3,116 million in 2015, mainly because of an increase in deferred tax credit recognized on temporary differences and tax losses in overseas and a decrease in income tax expense due to decreased profit in China. In addition the UK government reduced the combined income tax rate on North Sea oil and gas activities from 50% to 40% and resulted in a one-time reversal of net deferred tax liability.

 

Capital Resources and Liquidity

 

Overview

 

Our primary source of cash during 2016 was cash flows from operating activities. We used cash primarily to fund capital expenditure and dividends. The changes are as follows:

 

		2016								2015								Change
		RMB million				US$ million				RMB million				RMB million				%
Generated from operating activities			72,863				10,982.6				80,095				(7,232	)			(9.0	%)
Used in investing activities			(27,953	)			(4,213.3	)			(76,495	)			48,542				(63.5	%)
Used in financing activities			(43,240	)			(6,517.5	)			(6,893	)			(36,347	)			527.3	%

 

Cash generated from operating activities

 

The cash inflow from operating activities decreased 9.0% to RMB72,863 million (US$10,982.6 million) in 2016 from RMB80,095 million in 2015, primarily attributable to the decrease in oil and gas sales cash inflows caused by the decline in international oil price.

 

Cash used in investing activities

 

In 2016, our capital expenditure (excluding acquisition) decreased 24.1% to RMB51,347 million (US$7,739.5 million) from 2015, because the Company reduced its capital expenditure on the basis of improving quality and efficiency in response to the challenges of low oil prices. Our development expenditures in 2016 were primarily related to the capital expenditure of offshore China, block in offshore Nigeria, deep-water Gulf of Mexico and Iraq technical service contract project, as well as the expenses incurred for improving recovery factors of the oilfields in production. The Company had no significant acquisition during the year.

 

In addition, our cash used in investing activities was also attributable to the purchase of other financial assets of RMB62,900 million (US$9,480.9 million) this year. Our cash generated from investing activities was mainly from the proceeds from the sales of other financial assets in the amount of RMB81,675 million (US$12,310.8 million), and the decrease in our time deposits with maturity over three months in the amount of RMB1,180 million (US$177.9 million).

 

Cash used in financing activities

 

In 2016, the increase in net cash outflow from financing activities was mainly due to the repayment of bank borrowings of RMB23,412 million (US$3,528.9 million) and RMB4,866 million (US$733.4 million) from the repayment of guaranteed notes and the cash outflow from the distribution of dividends of RMB14,153 million (US$2,133.3 million), partially offset by the proceeds from bank loans of RMB4,293 million (US$647.1 million).

 

At the end of 2016, our total interest-bearing outstanding debt was RMB150,476 million (US$22,681.2 million), compared to RMB164,645 million at the end of 2015. The decrease in debt in 2016 was primarily attributable to repayment of bank loans and guaranteed notes. Our gearing ratio, which is defined as interest-bearing debts divided by the sum of interest-bearing debts plus equity, was 28.2%, lower than that of 29.9% in 2015. The main reason for the decrease was the decreased scale of interest-bearing debts.

 

70    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Capital Expenditure

 

The following table sets forth the Company’s actual capital expenditure on an accrual basis for the periods indicated.

 

		Year ended 31 December
		2014				2015				2016
		(Rmb million)
China
Development			49,128				25,187				15,048
Exploration			13,718				9,515				6,205
Subtotal			62,845				34,702				21,253
Overseas
Development			33,403				25,957				24,516
Exploration			9,455				5,201				2,964
Subtotal			42,858				31,158				27,480
Total			105,704				65,860				48,733

 

Note:

Capitalized interests for 2014, 2015 and 2016 were RMB1,842 million, RMB1,385 million and RMB1,430 million, respectively.

 

Others

 

Employees

 

As of 31 December 2016, the Company had 15,279 employees in China, 4,157 employees overseas and 282 contracted employees.

 

Since 4 February 2001, the Company has adopted 4 stock option plans that were applicable to directors, senior management members and other qualified beneficiaries and has granted options thereafter in accordance with each stock option plan.

 

The Company has set up a recruitment system that is primarily market driven, and has adopted an appropriate remuneration structure.

 

For more information on employees and human resources, please refer to “Human Resources” in “Business Overview” section of this annual report.

 

CHARGES ON ASSETS

 

Please refer to Note 37 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this annual report.

 

CONTINGENCIES

 

Please refer to Note 33 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this annual report.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       71

 

Independent Auditor’s Report

 

TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF CNOOC LIMITED

(Incorporated in Hong Kong with limited liability)

 

Opinion

 

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of CNOOC Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “the Group”) set out on pages 73 to 130, which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016, and the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2016, and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (“HKFRS”) issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (“HKICPA”) and have been properly prepared in compliance with the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing (“HKSAs”) issued by the HKICPA. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the HKICPA’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (“the Code”), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

 

Key Audit Matters

 

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

 

Key audit matter		How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Determination of the recoverable amount of the oil and gas properties
We identified the determination of the recoverable amount of the oil and gas properties as a key audit matter due to the significant judgements involved in management’s impairment assessment, such as determination of estimated future oil and gas prices, future production estimates, estimated future capital expenditures and operating expenses and discount rates.   See note 3 and note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for information.		Our procedures in relation to the determination of the recoverable amount of oil and gas properties included:   •     Examining the methodology used in management’s determination of the recoverable amount of oil and gas properties.   •     Assessing the key assumptions and estimations used in the discounted cash flows in management’s determination of the recoverable amount, including:   •       Comparing the estimated oil and gas prices with forecasted prices derived from third party oil price forecasts and existing gas contracts.   •       Comparing the production estimates, estimated capital expenditures and operating expenses with the prior year estimates, and with

 

 

72    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

corresponding data from the reserve reports prepared by the reserve engineers on a sample basis.   •        Evaluating the competence and objectivity of the reserve engineers.   •     Involving our internal valuation specialists to evaluate management’s calculation of the recoverable amount, including the reasonableness of the discount rates used by management.

 

 

Realisability of deferred tax assets
We identified the realisability of deferred tax assets as a key audit matter due to significant judgements required in management assessment to estimate the future taxable profits and the periods over which the deferred tax assets are expected to be realised.   See note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for information.		Our procedures in relation to the realisability of deferred tax assets, particularly for those components which are making significant losses in recent years, included:   •     Evaluating management’s assessment on the realisability of the deferred tax assets by checking whether the key assumptions used to estimate future taxable profits were consistent with those used in management’s impairment assessment on the recoverable amount of the oil and gas properties and those considered in business plans of the Group, where appropriate.   •     Together with our internal tax specialists, assessing whether the periods over which the deferred tax assets are expected to be realised and other relevant factors considered by management in its assessment were supported by applicable tax regulations.
Determination of the recoverable amount of the oil sands properties of Long Lake assets as impacted by the uncertainty of the related future operating plan
We identified the determination of the recoverable amount of the oil sands properties of Long Lake assets as a key audit matter due to the uncertainty of the related future operating plan.   See note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for information.		Our procedures in relation to the determination of the recoverable amount of the oil sands properties of Long Lake assets included:   •     Discussing with management to understand the future operating plan for Long Lake assets and assessing management’s assumptions that the upgrader will be returned in service by considering the expenditures, technology and workforce required to resume the related operations.   •     Assessing the impact of the future operating plan on the determination of the recoverable amount of the oil sands properties by considering the outcomes of different possible scenarios.   •     Checking whether the key assumptions used in management’s determination of the recoverable amount of the oil sands properties were consistent with those considered in the future operating plan of Long Lake assets.

 

 

Other Information

 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, but does not include the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.

 

Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       73

 

doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

 

Responsibilities of Directors and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

The directors of the Company are responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRSs issued by the IASB, HKFRSs issued by the HKICPA and the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

 

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

 

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion solely to you, as a body, in accordance with section 405 of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance, and for no other purpose. We do not assume responsibility towards or accept liability to any other person for the contents of this report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with HKSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

 

As part of an audit in accordance with HKSAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

 

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

 

•

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control.

 

•

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.

 

•

Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.

 

•

Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

 

74    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

•

Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

 

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

 

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

 

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in the independent auditor’s report is Li Kin Fai.

 

 

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu

Certified Public Accountants

Hong Kong

23 March 2017

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       75

 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and other Comprehensive Income

Year ended 31 December 2016

(All amounts expressed in millions of Renminbi, except per share data)

 

		Notes		2016				2015
REVENUE
Oil and gas sales		5			121,325				146,597
Marketing revenues					20,310				21,422
Other income					4,855				3,418
					146,490				171,437
EXPENSES
Operating expenses					(23,211	)			(28,372	)
Taxes other than income tax		11(ii)			(6,941	)			(10,770	)
Exploration expenses					(7,359	)			(9,900	)
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation		7			(68,907	)			(73,439	)
Special oil gain levy		6			-				(59	)
Impairment and provision		7, 14			(12,171	)			(2,746	)
Crude oil and product purchases					(19,018	)			(19,840	)
Selling and administrative expenses					(6,493	)			(5,705	)
Others					(4,802	)			(3,150	)
					(148,902	)			(153,981	)
(LOSS)/PROFIT FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES					(2,412	)			17,456
Interest income		7			901				873
Finance costs		8			(6,246	)			(6,118	)
Exchange losses, net					(790	)			(143	)
Investment income		7			2,774				2,398
Share of (losses)/profits of associates		17			(609	)			256
Share of profit of a joint venture					533				1,647
Non-operating income, net					574				761
(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE TAX		7			(5,275	)			17,130
Income tax credit		11(i)			5,912				3,116
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO
OWNERS OF THE PARENT					637				20,246

 

76    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(EXPENSE)
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations					10,422				7,979
Share of other comprehensive (expense)/income of associates					(127	)			74
Other items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss
Fair value change on equity investments designated
as at fair value through other comprehensive income		19			(461	)			(1,573	)
Others					12				134
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR,
NET OF TAX					9,846				6,614
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR
ATTRIBUTABLE TO OWNERS OF THE PARENT					10,483				26,860
EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO
OWNERS OF THE PARENT
Basic (RMB Yuan)		13			0.01				0.45
Diluted (RMB Yuan)		13			0.01				0.45

  

Details of the dividends proposed and paid for the year are disclosed in note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       77

 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

31 December 2016

(All amounts expressed in millions of Renminbi)

 

		Notes		2016				2015
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment		14			432,465				454,141
Intangible assets		15			16,644				16,423
Investments in associates		17			3,695				4,324
Investment in a joint venture		18			26,300				24,089
Equity investments		19, 34			4,266				3,771
Deferred tax assets		11(i)			24,844				13,575
Other non-current assets		20			7,422				7,828
Total non-current assets					515,636				524,151
CURRENT ASSETS
Inventories and supplies		21			8,709				9,263
Trade receivables		22			23,289				21,829
Derivative financial assets		34			428				7
Equity investments		19, 34			15				14
Other financial assets		19, 34			52,889				71,806
Other current assets					6,150				7,415
Time deposits with maturity over three months		23			16,830				18,010
Cash and cash equivalents		23			13,735				11,867
Total current assets					122,045				140,211
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Loans and borrowings		26			19,678				33,585
Trade and accrued payables		24			25,345				32,614
Derivative financial liabilities		34			426				-
Other payables and accrued liabilities		25			14,866				13,534
Taxes payable					6,775				4,647
Total current liabilities					67,090				84,380
NET CURRENT ASSETS					54,955				55,831
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES					570,591				579,982
NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
Loans and borrowings		26			130,798				131,060
Provision for dismantlement		27			50,426				49,503
Deferred tax liabilities		11(i)			5,670				11,627
Other non-current liabilities					1,326				1,751
Total non-current liabilities					188,220				193,941
NET ASSETS					382,371				386,041
EQUITY
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Issued capital		28			43,081				43,081
Reserves		29			339,290				342,960
TOTAL EQUITY					382,371				386,041

 

 

YANG Hua	YUAN Guangyu
Director	Director

 

 

78    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

Year ended 31 December 2016 

(All amounts expressed in millions of Renminbi)

 

		Attributable to owners of the parent
										Statutory and
						Cumulative				non-
		Issued				translation				distributable				Other				Retained				Proposed
		capital				reserve				reserves				reserves				earnings				final dividend				Total
Balance at 1 January 2015			43,081				(20,918	)			20,000				6,497				319,625				11,325				379,610
Profit for the year			–				–				–				–				20,246				–				20,246
Other comprehensive income/(expense),
net of income tax			–				7,979				–				(1,365	)			–				–				6,614
Total comprehensive income/(expense)			–				7,979				–				(1,365	)			20,246				–				26,860
2014 final dividend			–				–				–				–				58				(11,325	)			(11,267	)
2015 interim dividend			–				–				–				–				(9,162	)			–				(9,162	)
2015 final dividend			–				–				–				–				(9,397	)			9,397				–
Balance at 31 December 2015			43,081				(12,939	)*			20,000	*			5,132	*			321,370	*			9,397	*			386,041
Balance at 1 January 2016			43,081				(12,939	)			20,000				5,132				321,370				9,397				386,041
Profit for the year			–				–				–				–				637				–				637
Other comprehensive income/(expense),
net of income tax			–				10,422				–				(576	)			–				–				9,846
Total comprehensive income/(expense)			–				10,422				–				(576	)			637				–				10,483
2015 final dividend			–				–				–				–				(143	)			(9,397	)			(9,540	)
2016 interim dividend			–				–				–				–				(4,613	)			–				(4,613	)
Proposed 2016 final dividend			–				–				–				–				(9,096	)			9,096				–
Balance at 31 December 2016			43,081				(2,517	)*			20,000	*			4,556	*			308,155	*			9,096	*			382,371

*

These reserve accounts comprise the consolidated reserves of approximately RMB339,290 million (2015: RMB342,960 million) in the consolidated statement of financial position.

 

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       79

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Year ended 31 December 2016 

(All amounts expressed in millions of Renminbi)

 

		Notes				2016				2015
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Cash generated from operations			32				82,137				96,095
Income taxes paid							(9,274	)			(16,000	)
Net cash flows from operating activities							72,863				80,095
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditure							(51,347	)			(67,674	)
Additions to investments in associates							(221	)			(9	)
Decrease in time deposits with maturity over three months							1,180				4,825
Dividends received from an associate							135				164
Dividends received from a joint venture							–				32
Interest received							1,010				812
Investment income received							2,013				2,177
Purchase of other financial assets							(62,900	)			(122,030	)
Purchase of equity investments							(63	)			(236	)
Proceeds from sale of other financial assets							81,675				104,900
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment							532				544
Proceeds from disposal of an associate							33				–
Net cash flows used in investing activities							(27,953	)			(76,495	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of guaranteed notes							–				23,184
Repayment of guaranteed notes							(4,866	)			(789	)
Proceeds from bank loans							4,293				20,541
Repayment of bank loans							(23,412	)			(24,127	)
Dividends paid							(14,153	)			(20,419	)
Interest paid							(5,102	)			(5,283	)
Net cash flows used in financing activities							(43,240	)			(6,893	)
NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH
AND CASH EQUIVALENTS							1,670				(3,293	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year							11,867				14,918
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes, net							198				242
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR			23				13,735				11,867

 

 

80    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 

31 December 2016 

(All amounts expressed in millions of Renminbi unless otherwise stated)

 

1.

CORPORATE INFORMATION

 

CNOOC Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (“Hong Kong”) of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) on 20 August 1999 to hold the interests in certain entities thereby creating a group comprising the Company and its subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Group”). During the year, the Group was principally engaged in the exploration, development, production and sale of crude oil, natural gas and other petroleum products.

 

The registered office address of the Company is 65/F, Bank of China Tower, 1 Garden Road, Hong Kong.

 

In the opinion of the directors of the Company (the “Directors”), the parent and the ultimate holding company of the Company is China National Offshore Oil Corporation (“CNOOC”), a company established in the PRC.

 

2.1

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

 

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”), Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (“HKFRSs”) issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants (the “HKICPA”), the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Listing Rules”) and the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance (Cap. 622). A summary of the significant accounting policies adopted by the Group is set out below.

 

2.2

CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICY AND DISCLOSURES

 

The IASB has issued a number of new and revised IFRSs that are first effective for the current accounting year commencing 1 January 2016 or later but available for early adoption. The equivalent new and revised HKFRSs consequently issued by the HKICPA have the same effective dates as those issued by the IASB and are in all material aspects identical to the pronouncements issued by the IASB.

 

The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the year ended 31 December 2015, except for the first time adoption of the amendments to IFRSs/HKFRSs effective for the Group’s financial year beginning on 1 January 2016. The adoption of the amendments had no material impact on the accounting policies, the disclosures or the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

 

The Group has not applied the following new and revised IFRSs/HKFRSs, which may be relevant to the Group and have been issued but are not yet effective, in these consolidated financial statements:

 

IFRS 9/HKFRS 9 (2014)	Financial Instruments1
IFRS 15/HKFRS 15	Revenue from Contracts with Customers2
IFRS 16/HKFRS 16	Leases3
IFRIC 22	Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration2
Amendments to IFRS 2/HKFRS 2	Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions2
Amendments to IFRS 15/HKFRS 15	Clarifications to IFRS 15/HKFRS 15 Revenue from
	Contracts with Customers2
Amendments to IFRS 10/HKFRS 10	Sale or Contribution of Assets between an
and IAS 28/HKAS 28	Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture4
Amendments to IAS 7/HKAS 7	Disclosure Initiative5
Amendments to IAS 12/HKAS 12	Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses5
Amendments to IAS 40	Transfers of Investment Property2
Amendments to IFRSs	Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2014-2016 Cycle6

 

1.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, except for the 2009 version of IFRS 9/HKFRS 9, which the Group adopted in advance

 

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       81

 

 

2.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018

3.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019

4.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after a date to be determined

5.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017

6.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017 or 1 January 2018, as appropriate

 

IFRS 16/HKFRS 16 Leases 

IFRS 16/HKFRS 16, which upon the effective date will supersede IAS 17/HKAS 17 Leases, introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. Specifically, under IFRS 16/HKFRS 16, a lessee is required to recognise a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying leased asset and a lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments. Accordingly, a lessee should recognise depreciation of the right-of-use asset and interest on the lease liability, and also classify cash payments of the lease liability into a principal portion and an interest portion and present them in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Also, the right-of-use asset and the lease liability are initially measured on a present value basis. The measurement includes non-cancellable lease payments and also includes payments to be made in optional periods if the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise an option to extend the lease, or not to exercise an option to terminate the lease. This accounting treatment is significantly different from the lessee accounting for leases that are classified as operating leases under IAS 17/HKAS 17.

 

In respect of the lessor accounting, IFRS 16/HKFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17/HKAS 17. Accordingly, a lessor continues to classify its leases as operating leases or finance leases, and to account for these two types of leases differently.

 

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of application of IFRS 16/HKFRS 16. For the moment, it is not practicable to provide a reasonable estimate of the effect of the application of IFRS 16/HKFRS 16 until the Group completes a detail review.

 

The Group anticipates that the application of other new and revised IFRSs/HKFRSs that have been issued but are not yet effective will have no material effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

 

3.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Basis of preparation 

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for as detailed in the accounting policies notes hereafter. These consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”) and all values are rounded to the nearest million except when otherwise indicated.

 

Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2016.

 

The results of subsidiaries are consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Group obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date that such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies.

 

The results of subsidiaries are included in the Company’s statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income to the extent of dividends received and receivable. The Company’s interests in subsidiaries are stated at cost less any impairment losses.

 

All intra-group balances, income and expenses and unrealised gains and losses and dividends resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full.

 

Business combinations and goodwill 

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The consideration transferred is measured at acquisition date fair value which is the sum of the acquisition date fair values of assets transferred by the Group, liabilities assumed by the Group to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Group in exchange for control of the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether it measures the non-controlling interests

 

82    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

in the acquiree either at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. All other components of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value. Acquisition related costs incurred are expensed and included in administrative expenses.

 

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

 

If the business combination is achieved in stages, the Group’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is remeasured to fair value at the acquisition date through profit or loss.

 

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability is measured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with IFRS 9/HKFRS 9 (2009) or IAS 39/HKAS 39, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognised in profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured and subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity.

 

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred, the amount recognised for non-controlling interests and any fair value of the Group’s previously held equity interests in the acquiree over the identifiable net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the sum of this consideration and other items is lower than the fair value of the net assets of the business acquired, the difference is recognised in profit or loss as a gain on bargain purchase.

 

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units, or groups of cash-generating units, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the Group are assigned to those units or groups of units.

 

Impairment is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (group of cash-generating units) to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (group of cash-generating units) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss on goodwill is recognised. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in a subsequent period.

 

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on the disposal. Goodwill disposed of in these circumstances is measured based on the relative value of the operation disposed of and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

 

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all those entities over which the Group has power over the investee such that the Group is able to direct the relevant activities, has exposure or rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to use its power over the investee to affect the amount of the investor’s returns.

 

Associates

Based on the Group’s ownership percentage (considering its direct ownership as well as potentially exercisable or convertible shares) and other contractual rights, the Group has significant influence over its associates, rather than the power to control.

 

The Group’s investments in associates are stated in the consolidated statement of financial position at the Group’s share of net assets under the equity method of accounting, less any impairment losses. Adjustments are made to bring into line any dissimilar accounting policies that may exist. The Group’s share of the post-acquisition results and reserves of associates is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and consolidated reserves, respectively. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and its associates are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s investments in the associates, except where unrealised losses provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of associates is included as part of the Group’s investments in associates and is not individually tested for impairment.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       83

 

 

Joint arrangements 

Certain of the Group’s activities are conducted through joint arrangements. Joint arrangements are classified as either a joint operation or joint venture, based on the rights and obligations arising from the contractual obligations between the parties to the arrangement.

 

Joint control 

Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

 

Joint operations 

Some arrangements have been assessed by the Group as joint operations as both parties to the contract are responsible for the assets and obligations in proportion to their respective interest, whether or not the arrangement is structured through a separate vehicle. This evaluation applies to both the Group’s interests in production sharing arrangements and certain joint operation.

 

The Group entered into numerous production sharing arrangements or similar agreements in China and overseas countries. The Group’s participating interest may vary in each arrangement. The Group, as one of the title owners under certain exploration and/or production licenses or permits, is required to bear exploration (with some exceptions in China), development and operating costs together with other co-owners based on each owner’s participating interest. Once production occurs, a certain percentage of the annual production or revenue is first distributed to the local government, which, in most cases, with the nature of royalty and other taxes or expenses, and the rest of the annual production or revenue is allocated among the co-owners.

 

The Group accounts for the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses relating to its interest in a joint operation in accordance with the IFRSs/HKFRSs applicable to the particular assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

 

Joint venture 

A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

 

The Group’s investments in joint ventures are stated in the consolidated statement of financial position at the Group’s share of net assets under the equity method of accounting, less any impairment losses. Adjustments are made to bring into line any dissimilar accounting policies that may exist. The Group’s share of the post-acquisition results and reserves of joint ventures is included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and consolidated reserves, respectively. Where the profit sharing ratios are different to the Group’s equity interest, the share of post-acquisition results of the joint ventures is determined based on the agreed profit sharing ratio. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and its joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the Group’s investments in the joint ventures, except where unrealised losses provide evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred. Goodwill arising from the acquisition of joint ventures is included as part of the Group’s investments in joint ventures and is not individually tested for impairment.

 

Related parties 

A party is considered to be related to the Group if:

 

(a)

the party is a person or a close member of that person’s family and that person

 

(i)

has control or joint control of the Group;

 

(ii)

has significant influence over the Group; or

 

(iii)

is a member of the key management personnel of the Group or of a parent of the Group;

 

(b)

the party is an entity where any of the following conditions applies:

 

(i)

the entity and the Group are members of the same group;

 

84    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

(ii)

one entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or of a parent, subsidiary or fellow subsidiary of the other entity);

 

(iii)

the entity and the Group are joint ventures of the same third party;

 

(iv)

one entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity;

 

(v)

the entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the Group or an entity related to the Group;

 

(vi)

the entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a); and

 

(vii)

a person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

 

Impairment of non-financial assets other than goodwill 

Where an indication of impairment exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required (other than inventories, deferred tax assets, financial assets and goodwill), the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of the asset’s or cash-generating unit’s value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal, and is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets, in which case the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

 

An impairment loss is recognised only if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. An impairment loss is charged to profit or loss in the period in which it arises in those expense categories consistent with the function of the impaired asset.

 

An assessment is made at the end of each reporting period as to whether there is any indication that previously recognised impairment losses may no longer exist or may have decreased. If such an indication exists, the recoverable amount is estimated. A previously recognised impairment loss of an asset other than goodwill is reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount of that asset, but not to an amount higher than the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any depreciation/amortisation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of such an impairment loss is credited to profit or loss in the period in which it arises.

 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property, plant and equipment comprise oil and gas properties, and vehicles and office equipment and others.

 

(a)

Oil and gas properties

For oil and gas properties, the successful efforts method of accounting is adopted. The Group capitalises the initial acquisition costs of oil and gas properties. Impairment of initial acquisition costs is recognised based on exploratory experience and management judgement and charged to profit and loss as exploration expenses. Upon discovery of commercial reserves, acquisition costs are transferred to proved properties. The costs of drilling and equipping successful exploratory wells, all development expenditures on construction, installation or completion of infrastructure facilities such as platforms, pipelines, processing plants and the drilling of development wells and the building of enhanced recovery facilities, including those renewals and betterments that extend the economic lives of the assets, and the related borrowing costs are capitalised. The costs of unsuccessful exploratory wells and all other exploration costs are expensed as incurred.

 

The Group carries exploratory well costs as an asset when the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and where the Group is making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. Exploratory well costs not meeting these criteria are charged to expenses. Exploratory wells that discover potentially economic reserves in areas where major capital expenditure will be required before production would begin and when the major capital expenditure depends upon the successful completion of further exploratory work remain capitalised and are reviewed periodically for impairment.

 

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Producing oil and gas properties are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the proved developed reserves. Common facilities that are built specifically to service production directly attributed to designated oil and gas properties are depreciated based on the proved developed reserves of the respective oil and gas properties on a pro-rata basis. Common facilities that are not built specifically to service identified oil and gas properties are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Costs associated with significant development projects are not depreciated until commercial production commences and the reserves related to those costs are excluded from the calculation of depreciation.

 

Capitalised acquisition costs of proved properties are depreciated on a unit-of-production method over the total proved reserves of the relevant oil and gas properties.

 

(b)

Vehicles, office equipment and others

Vehicles, office equipment and others are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The straight-line method is adopted to depreciate the cost less any estimated residual value of these assets over their expected useful lives. The useful lives of vehicles, office equipment and other assets are in line with their beneficial periods.

 

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of that item is allocated on a recoverable basis among the parts and each part is depreciated separately.

 

Residual values, useful lives and the depreciation method are reviewed and, adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date.

 

Any gains and losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) are recognised in profit or loss.

 

Intangible assets (other than goodwill) 

The intangible assets of the Group comprise software, gas processing rights of the NWS Project, marketing transportation and storage contracts, drilling rig contracts and seismic data usage rights. Intangible assets with finite lives are carried at cost, less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a business combination is the fair value as at the date of acquisition. Intangible assets with finite lives except for gas processing rights, are amortised on the straight-line basis over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at each financial year end.

 

The intangible assets regarding software have been amortised on the straight-line basis over their respective useful lives. The intangible asset regarding the gas processing rights has been amortised upon the commercial production of the liquefied natural gas on a unit-of-production basis over the total proved reserves of the relevant asset. The intangible assets regarding the marketing transportation and storage contracts and drilling rig contracts are amortised over the life of the contracts on the straight-line basis. The intangible assets related to the seismic data usage rights are amortised over the estimated useful life of the seismic data.

 

Major maintenance and repairs 

Expenditure on major maintenance refits or repairs comprises the cost of replacement assets or parts of assets and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated and is replaced, and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group, the replacement expenditure is capitalised. Where part of the asset was not separately considered as a component, the replacement value is used to estimate the carrying amount of the replaced assets which is immediately written off. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Research and development costs 

All research costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Expenditure (other than that relating to oil and gas properties discussed above) incurred on projects to develop new products is capitalised and deferred only when the Group can demonstrate the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale, its intention to complete and its ability to use or sell the asset, how the asset will generate future economic benefits, the availability of resources to complete the project and the ability to measure reliably the expenditure during the development. Product development expenditure which does not meet these criteria is expensed when incurred.

 

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Financial assets 

All recognised financial assets are subsequently measured in their entirety at either amortised cost or fair value, depending on the classification of the financial assets.

 

(a)

Financial assets at amortised cost

Debt instruments and hybrid contracts that meet the following conditions are subsequently measured at amortised cost less impairment loss:

 

•

the asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

 

•

the contractual terms of the instrument give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

 

All other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value.

 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. Interest income for debt instruments measured subsequently at amortised cost is recognised in profit or loss in accordance with the policies set out for “Revenue Recognition” below.

 

(b)

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Investments in equity instruments are classified as at FVTPL, unless the Group designates such investment that is not held for trading as at FVTOCI on initial recognition.

 

A financial asset is held for trading if it has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term or it is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

 

Debt instruments that do not meet the amortised cost criteria (see (a) above) are measured at FVTPL. In addition, debt instruments that meet the amortised cost criteria but are designated as at FVTPL are measured at FVTPL. A debt instrument may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would arise from measuring assets or liabilities or recognising the gains and losses on them on different bases.

 

Financial assets at FVTPL are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with any gains or losses arising on remeasurement recognised in profit or loss.

 

(c)

Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI)

On initial recognition, the Group can make an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) to designate investments in equity instruments as at FVTOCI. The Group has investments in certain equity instruments (publicly traded or non-publicly traded), the purpose of which are not held for trading, but held for medium or long-term strategic purpose. Therefore, those investments in equity securities are designated as at FVTOCI.

 

Investments in equity instruments at FVTOCI are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value with gains and losses arising from changes in fair value recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the other reserves. The cumulative gain or loss will not be reclassified to profit or loss on disposal of the investments.

 

Dividends on these investments in equity instruments are recognised in profit or loss when the Group’s right to receive the dividends is established in accordance with IAS 18/HKAS 18 Revenue, unless the dividends clearly represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment.

 

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Fair value 

The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date is determined by reference to quoted market prices or dealer price quotations, without any deduction for transaction costs.

 

For financial instruments not traded in an active market, the fair value is determined using appropriate valuation techniques. Such techniques may include using recent arm’s length market transactions; reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same; a discounted cash flow analysis or other valuation models.

 

An analysis of fair values of financial instruments and further details as to how they are measured are provided in note 34.

 

Impairment of financial assets 

The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset, other than those at FVTPL and FVTOCI, or a group of financial assets may be impaired.

 

If there is objective evidence that an impairment loss on financial assets measured at amortised cost has been incurred, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred) discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate (the effective interest rate computed at initial recognition). The carrying amount of the asset is reduced either directly or through the use of an allowance account. The amount of the impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

 

If, in a subsequent year, the amount of the estimated impairment loss increases or decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the previously recognised impairment loss is increased or reduced either directly or by adjusting the allowance account. Any subsequent reversal of an impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss, to the extent that the carrying value of the asset does not exceed amortised cost at the reversal date.

 

In relation to trade and other receivables, a provision for impairment is made when there is objective evidence (such as the probability of insolvency or significant financial difficulties of the debtor and significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have an adverse effect on the debtor) that the Group will not be able to collect all of the amounts due under the original terms of an invoice.

 

Derecognition of financial assets 

A financial asset (or, where applicable a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is derecognised when:

 

(i)

The contractual rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or

 

(ii)

the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset, or the Group retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the asset, but has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a “pass-through” arrangement; and either (a) has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has no control of the asset.

 

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass-through arrangement, it evaluates if and to what extent it has retained the risk and rewards of ownership of the asset. When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of the Group’s continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group has retained.

 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost (including interest-bearing loans and borrowings) 

Financial liabilities including trade and other payables and interest-bearing loans and borrowings are initially stated at fair value less directly attributable transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost, using the effective interest method. The related interest expense is recognised within “Finance costs” in profit or loss.

 

Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the amortisation

 

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process.

 

Financial guarantee contracts 

A financial guarantee contract is recognised initially at its fair value including transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issue of the guarantee. Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability is measured at the higher of the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the reporting date and the amount recognised less cumulative amortisation.

 

Derecognition of financial liabilities 

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled, or expires.

 

When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and a recognition of a new liability, and the difference between the respective carrying amounts is recognised in profit or loss.

 

Offsetting of financial instruments 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated statement of financial position, if and only if, there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

 

Inventories and supplies 

Inventories primarily consist of oil and supplies, including items for repairs and maintenance of oil and gas properties. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs of inventories and supplies represent purchase or production cost of goods and are determined on a weighted average basis.

 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at banks and on hand and short term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

 

Provisions

 

(a)

General

A provision is recognised when a present obligation (legal or constructive) has arisen as a result of a past event and it is probable that a future outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, provided that a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the effect of discounting is material, the amount recognised for a provision is the present value at the reporting date of the future expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation. The increase in the discounted present value amount arising from the passage of time is included in “Finance costs” in profit or loss.

 

(b)

Dismantlement liability

Dismantlement liability is recognised when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of the past events, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation can be made. A corresponding amount equivalent to the provision is also recognised as part of the cost of the related property, plant and equipment. The amount recognised is the estimated cost of dismantlement, discounted to its present value using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Changes in the estimated timing of dismantlement or dismantlement cost estimates are dealt with prospectively by recording an adjustment to the provision, and a corresponding adjustment to property, plant and equipment. The unwinding of the discount on the dismantlement provision is included as a finance cost.

 

Income tax 

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, either as an expense as it relates to operating activities or as a component of the applicable categories of other comprehensive income or expense.

 

Current tax assets and liabilities for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or

 

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substantially enacted, by the reporting date, in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

 

Deferred tax is provided, using the balance sheet liability method, on all temporary differences at the reporting date between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes.

 

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences, except:

 

•

when the deferred tax liability arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

 

•

in respect of taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, when the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carryforward of unused tax credits and any unused tax losses to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit and taxable temporary differences will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, the carryforward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilised, except:

 

•

when the deferred tax assets relating to the deductible temporary differences arise from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and, at the time of the transaction, affects neither the accounting profit nor taxable profit or loss; and

 

•

in respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates and interests in joint ventures, deferred tax assets are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised.

 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable profit and taxable temporary differences will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised.

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

 

Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.

 

Revenue recognition 

Revenue is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and when the revenue can be measured reliably, on the following bases:

 

(a)

Oil and gas sales

Oil and gas sales represent the invoiced value of sales of oil and gas attributable to the interests of the Group, net of royalties, obligations to governments and other mineral interest owners. Revenue from the sale of oil and gas is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred, which is when title passes to the customer. Revenue from the production of oil and gas in which the Group has a joint interest with other producers is recognised based on the Group’s working interest and the terms of the relevant production sharing contracts. Differences between production sold and the Group’s share of production are not significant.

 

Oil and gas lifted and sold by the Group above or below the Group’s participating interests in the production sharing contracts results in overlifts and underlifts. The Group records these transactions in accordance with the entitlement method under which overlifts are recorded as liabilities and underlifts are recorded as assets at year-end oil prices.

 

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Settlement will be in kind or in cash when the liftings are equalised or in cash when production ceases.

 

The Group has entered into gas sale contracts with customers, which contain take-or-pay clauses. Under these contracts, the Group makes a long term supply commitment in return for a commitment from the buyer to pay for minimum quantities, whether or not it takes delivery. These commitments contain protective (force majeure) and adjustment provisions. If a buyer has a right to get a “make up” delivery at a later date, revenue recognition is deferred. If no such option exists according to the contract terms, revenue is recognised when the take-or-pay penalty is triggered.

 

(b)

Marketing revenues

Marketing revenues principally represent the sales of oil and gas purchased from the foreign partners under the production sharing contracts and revenues from the trading of oil and gas through the Company’s subsidiaries. The cost of the oil and gas sold is included in “Crude oil and product purchases” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. In addition, the Group’s marketing activities in North America involves entering into contracts to purchase and sell crude oil, natural gas and other energy commodities, and use derivative contracts, including futures, forwards, swaps and options for hedging and trading purposes (collectively derivative contracts). Any change in the fair value is also included in marketing revenue.

 

(c)

Other income

Other income mainly represents project management fees charged to foreign partners, handling fees charged to customers and gains from disposal of oil and gas properties and is recognised when the services have been rendered or the properties have been disposed of. Reimbursement of insurance claims is recognised when the compensation becomes receivable.

 

(d)

Dividend income

Dividend income is recognised when the Group’s right to receive payment is established.

 

(e)

Interest income

Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the effective interest method.

 

The Group presents taxes collected from customers in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income on a net basis.

 

Share-based payment transactions 

Employees (including directors) of the Group receive remuneration in the form of share-based payment transactions, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (“equity-settled transactions”).

 

The cost of equity-settled transactions with employees is measured by reference to the fair value at the date at which they are granted. The fair value is determined by using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, further details of which are given in note 28.

 

The cost of equity-settled transactions is recognised, together with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period in which the performance and/or service conditions are fulfilled. The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at the end of the each reporting period until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group’s best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The charge or credit to profit or loss for a period represents the movement in the cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.

 

No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest for the Group.

 

No equity-settled award was cancelled or modified during the years ended 31 December 2016 and 2015.

 

The dilutive effect of outstanding options is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of earnings per share.

 

Retirement and termination benefits 

The Group participates in defined contribution plans in accordance with local laws and regulations for full-time employees in the PRC and other countries in which it operates. The Group’s contributions to these defined contribution plans are

 

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charged to profit or loss in the year to which they relate.

 

Borrowing costs 

Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs that an entity incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Borrowing costs directly relating to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of the respective assets. All other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

 

Foreign currencies 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi (“RMB”). Each entity in the Group maintains its books and records in its own functional currency. Foreign currency transactions recorded by the entities of the Group are initially recorded using their respective exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the exchange rates ruling at the end of the reporting period. All differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are taken to profit or loss. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. The gain or loss arising on retranslation of a non-monetary item is treated consistently with the recognition of the gain or loss on change in fair value of the item.

 

The functional currencies of certain entities within the Group are currencies other than RMB. As at the end of the reporting period, the assets and liabilities of these entities are translated into the presentation currency of the Group at the exchange rates ruling at the reporting date, and their statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income are translated into RMB at the weighted average exchange rates for the year. The resulting exchange differences are included in the cumulative translation reserve. On disposal of a foreign operation, the deferred cumulative amount recognised in equity relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in profit or loss.

 

Operating leases 

Leases where substantially all the rewards and risks of ownership of assets remain with the lessor are accounted for as operating leases. Where the Group is the lessee, rentals payable under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on the straight-line basis over the lease terms.

 

Prepaid land lease payments under operating leases in China are initially stated at cost and subsequently amortised on the straight-line basis over the lease terms.

 

Contingencies

A contingent liability is disclosed when the existence of an obligation will only be confirmed by future events or when the amount of the obligation cannot be measured reliably.

 

A contingent asset is not recognised in the financial statements, but is disclosed when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.

 

Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRSs and HKFRSs requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and judgements are continuously evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual outcomes can differ from these estimates.

 

In the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies, the Directors have made the following judgements, estimates and assumptions, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements.

 

(a)

Reserve base

Oil and gas properties are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis at a rate calculated by reference to proved reserves. Commercial reserves are determined using estimates of oil in place, recovery factors and future oil prices, the latter having an impact on the proportion of the gross reserves which are attributable to the host government under the terms of the production sharing contracts. The level of estimated commercial reserves is also a key

 

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determinant in assessing whether the carrying value of any of the Group’s oil and gas properties has been impaired.

 

Pursuant to the oil and gas reserve estimation requirements under US Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules, the Group uses the average, first-day-of-the-month oil price during the 12-month period before the ending date of the period covered by the consolidated financial statements to estimate its proved oil and gas reserves.

 

(b)

Carrying value of oil and gas properties

The calculation of the unit-of-production rate for oil and gas properties amortisation could be impacted to the extent that actual production in the future is different from current forecast production based on proved reserves. This would generally result from significant changes in any of the factors or assumptions used in estimating reserves. These factors could include changes in proved reserves, the effect on proved reserves of differences between actual oil and gas prices and oil and gas price assumptions and unforeseen operational issues.

 

(c)

Recoverable amount of oil and gas properties

The Company makes an assessment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, or when there is any indication that an impairment loss previously recognised for an asset in prior years may no longer exist or may have decreased. In any event, the Company would make an estimate of the asset’s recoverable amount, which is calculated as the higher of the asset’s value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal. The Company recognises an impairment loss only if the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The Company charges an impairment loss to the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the period in which it arises. A reversal of an impairment loss is credited to the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income in the period in which it arises.

 

The calculations of the recoverable amount of assets require the use of estimates and assumptions. The key assumptions include, but are not limited to, future oil and gas prices, future production estimates, estimated future capital expenditures, estimated future operating expenses and the discount rate.

 

Changes in the key assumptions used, which could be significant, include updates to future pricing estimates, updates to future production estimates to align with the Company’s anticipated drilling plan, changes in the Company’s capital costs and operating expense assumptions, which the Company expects to decrease further as a result of sustained lower oil and gas prices, and the discount rate. There is a significant degree of uncertainty with the assumptions used to estimate future cash flows due to various risk factors. The complex economic outlook may also materially and adversely affect the Company’s key assumptions. Changes in economic conditions can also affect the discount rates applied in assessments of impairment.

 

Actual cash flows are likely to be different from those estimated or forecast since anticipated events frequently do not occur as expected and unforeseen events may arise. The Group’s results of operations could be materially and adversely affected for the period in which future impairment charges are incurred.

 

The sensitivity analysis for the impairment testing involves estimates and judgments to consider numerous assumptions comprehensively. Those assumptions interact on each other and interrelate with each other complexly and do not have fixed patterns along with the changes in price. Accordingly, the Company believes that the preparation of the sensitivity analysis for the impairment testing will be impracticable. Changes in assumptions could affect impairment charges and reversals in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, and the carrying amounts of assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.

 

(d)

Dismantlement costs

Dismantlement costs will be incurred by the Group at the end of the operating life of certain of the Group’s facilities and properties. The ultimate dismantlement costs are uncertain and cost estimates can vary in response to many factors including changes to relevant legal requirements, the emergence of new restoration techniques or experience at other production sites. The expected timing and amount of expenditure can also change, for example, in response to changes in reserves or changes in laws and regulations or their interpretation. As a result, there could be significant adjustments to the provisions established which would affect future financial results.

 

(e)

Taxes

Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations (including those applicable to tax credits) and the amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of international business

 

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relationships and the long term nature and complexity of existing contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate future adjustments to tax income and expense already recorded. The Group establishes provisions, based on best estimates, for possible consequences of audits by the tax authorities of the respective countries in which it operates. The amount of such provisions is based on various factors, such as the Group’s experience of previous tax audits and differing interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues depending on the conditions prevailing in the respective group company’s domicile.

 

4.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

 

(a)

Segment results

The Group is engaged worldwide in the upstream operating activities of the conventional oil and gas, shale oil and gas, oil sands and other unconventional oil and gas business. The Group reports the business through three operating and reporting segments: exploration and production (“E&P”), trading business and corporate. These segments are determined primarily because the Group’s chief operating decision maker makes key operating decisions and assesses performance of the segment separately. The Group evaluates the performance of each segment based on segment profit or loss. The geographical information is separately disclosed in (b).

 

The following table presents the segment financial information for the Group for the years ended 31 December 2016 and 2015.

 

		E&P								Trading business								Corporate								Eliminations								Consolidated
		2016				2015				2016				2015				2016				2015				2016				2015				2016				2015
External Revenue			114,935				137,243				30,986				33,777				569				417				–				–				146,490				171,437
Intersegment Revenue *			10,676				12,339				(10,676	)			(12,339	)			113				85				(113	)			(85	)			–				–
Total revenue			125,611				149,582				20,310				21,438				682				502				(113	)			(85	)			146,490				171,437
Segment (loss)/profit for the year			(346	)			15,695				656				879				30,701				6,048				(30,374	)			(2,376	)			637				20,246
Amounts included in the measure
of segment profit or loss
Operating expenses			(23,220	)			(28,372	)			–				–				–				–				9				–				(23,211	)			(28,372	)
Taxes other than income tax			(6,901	)			(10,748	)			–				7				(40	)			(29	)			–				–				(6,941	)			(10,770	)
Exploration expenses			(7,393	)			(9,973	)			–				–				–				–				34				73				(7,359	)			(9,900	)
Depreciation, depletion
and amortisation			(68,333	)			(72,665	)			(144	)			(324	)			(470	)			(509	)			40				59				(68,907	)			(73,439	)
Impairment and provision			(12,180	)			(2,690	)			9				(56	)			–				–				–				–				(12,171	)			(2,746	)
Selling and administrative expenses			(4,920	)			(3,644	)			(296	)			(340	)			(1,307	)			(1,733	)			30				12				(6,493	)			(5,705	)
Interest income			217				147				1				–				1,805				1,028				(1,122	)			(302	)			901				873
Finance costs			(3,384	)			(3,407	)			(1	)			(1	)			(4,183	)			(3,369	)			1,322				659				(6,246	)			(6,118	)
Share of (losses)/profits of
associates and a joint venture			(63	)			(117	)			–				–				(13	)			2,020				–				–				(76	)			1,903
Income tax credit/(expense)			3,811				44				(24	)			(8	)			2,125				3,080				–				–				5,912				3,116
Other segment information
Investments in associates and
a joint venture			737				800				–				–				29,258				27,613				–				–				29,995				28,413
Others			497,413				532,765				1,898				3,336				342,810				344,037				(234,435	)			(244,189	)			607,686				635,949
Segment assets			498,150				533,565				1,898				3,336				372,068				371,650				(234,435	)			(244,189	)			637,681				664,362
Segment liabilities			(331,339	)			(364,056	)			(947	)			(2,243	)			(138,352	)			(145,475	)			215,328				233,453				(255,310	)			(278,321	)
Capital expenditure			49,122				66,122				–				11				395				386				–				–				49,517				66,519

 

94    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

*

Certain oil and gas produced by the E&P segment are sold via trading business segment. For the Group’s chief operating decision maker’s assessment of segment performance, these revenues are reclassified back to E&P segment.

 

(b)

Geographical information

The Group mainly engages in the exploration, development, production and sale of crude oil, natural gas and other petroleum products in offshore China. Activities outside the PRC are mainly conducted in Canada, the United States of America, United Kingdom, Nigeria, Argentina, Indonesia, Uganda, Iraq, Brazil and Australia etc.

 

In presenting the Group’s geographical information, revenues from external customers are based on the location of the Group’s customers, and non-current assets are attributed to the segments based on the location of the Group’s assets. 70% (2015: 73%) of the Group’s revenues are generated from PRC customers, and revenues generated from customers in other locations are individually less than 10%.

 

The following table presents certain non-current assets information for the Group’s geographical information for the years ended 31 December 2016 and 2015.

 

		PRC								Canada								Others								Consolidated
		2016				2015				2016				2015				2016				2015				2016				2015
Property, plant and equipment			174,853				193,359				103,173				105,383				154,439				155,399				432,465				454,141
Investments in associates and a joint venture			3,451				3,499				–				816				26,544				24,098				29,995				28,413
Other non-current assets			6,593				7,087				731				694				98				47				7,422				7,828

(c)

Information about major customers

The current year’s revenue of approximately RMB9,659 million (2015: RMB14,692 million) was derived from sales by the E&P segment and the trading business segment to China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation. Sales to CNOOC Group refer to Note 30 (iii).

 

5.

OIL AND GAS SALES

 

		2016				2015
Gross sales			124,648				150,618
Less: Royalties			(2,398	)			(2,646	)
PRC government’s share of oil			(925	)			(1,375	)
Oil and gas sales			121,325				146,597

 

6.

SPECIAL OIL GAIN LEVY

In 2006, a Special Oil Gain Levy (“SOG Levy”) was imposed by the Ministry of Finance of the PRC (“MOF”) at the progressive rates from 20% to 40% on the portion of the monthly weighted average sales price of the crude oil lifted in the PRC exceeding US$40 per barrel. The MOF has decided to increase the threshold of the SOG Levy to US$65 with effect from 1 January 2015. Notwithstanding this adjustment, the SOG Levy continues to have five levels and is calculated and charged according to the progressive and valorem rates on the excess amounts. The SOG Levy paid can be claimed as a deductible expense for corporate income tax purposes and is calculated based on the actual volume of the crude oil entitled.

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       95

 

 

7.

(LOSS)/PROFIT BEFORE TAX

 

The Group’s (loss)/profit before tax is arrived at after charging/(crediting):

 

		2016				2015
Crediting:
Interest income from bank deposits			(901	)			(873	)
Investment income:
– Fair value changes on other financial assets			(2,774	)			(2,398	)
Insurance compensation on disposal of property, plant and equipment			(520	)			(560	)
Charging:
Auditors’ remuneration
– Audit fee			47				45
– Other fees			6				12
			53				57
Employee wages, salaries, allowances and social security costs			6,403				6,924
Impairment and provision:
– Property, plant and equipment			10,768				2,358
– Trade receivables			1,439				4
– Others			(36	)			384
			12,171				2,746
Depreciation, depletion and amortisation:
– Property, plant and equipment			68,303				72,293
– Intangible assets			1,020				1,306
– Less: Net amount capitalised			(416	)			(160	)
			68,907				73,439
Operating lease rentals:
– Office properties			485				438
– Plant and equipment			1,747				2,448
			2,232				2,886
Repairs and maintenance			4,052				5,034
Research and development costs			1,424				1,629
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment			78				718

8.

FINANCE COSTS

 

		2016				2015
Interest on bank loans			217				291
Interest on other loans			5,249				4,701
Other borrowing costs			25				76
Total borrowing costs			5,491				5,068
Less: Amount capitalised in property, plant and equipment (note 14)			(1,430	)			(1,385	)
			4,061				3,683
Other finance costs:
Unwinding of discount on provision for dismantlement (note 27)			2,185				2,435
			6,246				6,118

 

 

96    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

The effective interest rates used to determine the amount of related borrowing costs for capitalisation varied from 0.7566% to 7.875% (2015: from 0.735% to 7.875%) per annum during the year ended at 31 December 2016.

 

9.

KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL’S REMUNERATION

 

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the entity, directly or indirectly, including any director (whether executive or otherwise) of the Company.

 

(i)

Directors’ remuneration

 

Salaries,

allowances

Performance

Pension

Total

and benefits

related

scheme

paid/payable

Fees(1)

in kind(1)

bonuses (1)

contributions

during the year

RMB’000

RMB’000

RMB’000

RMB’000

RMB’000

2016

Executive directors:

Yang Hua(2)(3)

–

–

–

–

–

Yuan Guagnyu(3)

–

94

78

70

242

Li Fanrong(3)

–

92

454

59

605

Subtotal

–

186

532

129

847

Non-executive directors:

Liu Jian(4)

–

–

–

–

–

Wu Guangqi(5)(6)

–

92

454

59

605

Lv Bo(6)

–

–

–

–

–

Subtotal

–

92

454

59

605

Independent non-executive

directors:

Chiu Sung Hong

957

–

–

–

957

Lawrence J. Lau

812

–

–

–

812

Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius

957

–

–

–

957

Kevin G. Lynch

812

–

–

–

812

Subtotal

3,538

–

–

–

3,538

Total

3,538

278

986

188

4,990

2015

Executive directors:

Li Fanrong(3)

–

170

470

117

757

Wu Guangqi(5)(6)

–

170

470

117

757

Subtotal

–

340

940

234

1,514

Non-executive directors:

Wang Yilin(2)

–

–

–

–

–

Yang Hua(2)(3)

–

–

–

–

–

Lv Bo(6)

–

–

–

–

–

Wang Jiaxiang(7)

–

–

–

–

–

Subtotal

–

–

–

–

–

Independent non-executive

directors:

Chiu Sung Hong

899

–

–

–

899

Lawrence J. Lau

763

–

–

–

763

Tse Hau Yin, Aloysius

899

–

–

–

899

Kevin G. Lynch

763

–

–

–

763

Subtotal

3,324

–

–

–

3,324

Total

3,324

340

940

234

4,838

 

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       97

 

 

Notes:

 

(1)

Fees, salaries, allowances, benefits in kind and performance related bonuses represent the gross amount (before applicable individual salary tax) paid/payable to individual directors.

 

(2)

On 19 May 2015, Mr. Yang Hua was appointed as Chairman of the Board and Chairman of the Nomination Committee of the Company and no longer served as Vice-chairman of the Board. Mr. Wang Yilin resigned as Chairman of the Board, Chairman of the Nomination Committee and Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

(3)

On 15 June 2016, Mr. Yang Hua was re-designated as an Executive Director and appointed as the Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Yuan Guangyu was appointed as an Executive Director and the President of the Company. Mr. Li Fanrong resigned as an Executive Director, the Chief Executive Officer and the President of the Company.

 

(4)

On 20 December 2016, Mr. Liu Jian was appointed as the Vice Chairman and a Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

(5)

On 15 June 2016, Mr. Wu Guangqi was re-designated as a Non-executive Director of the Company and resigned as the Compliance Officer of the Company.

 

(6)

On 20 December 2016, Mr. Wu Guangqi was appointed as a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company. Mr. Lv Bo resigned as a Non-executive Director and a member of the Remuneration Committee of the Company.

 

(7)

On 23 September 2015, Mr. Wang Jiaxiang retired as a Non-executive Director of the Company.

 

The Company has adopted the share option schemes for the grant of options to the Company’s directors. The fair value of share options for the directors measured according to the Group’s accounting policy as set out in note 3. No Directors exercised any share option in 2016 or 2015. No new share option was granted to Directors in respect of their services to the Group under the applicable share option schemes of the Company in 2016 or 2015. Further details of share option scheme and valuation techniques are set out in note 28.

 

Save as disclosed above, there was no arrangement under which a director waived or agreed to waive any remuneration during the year. In 2016, the executive directors’ remuneration shown above were for their services in connection with the management of the affairs of the Company. The other directors’ remuneration shown above were for their services as directors of the Company.

 

(ii)

Other key management personnel’s (excluding Directors’) remuneration

 

		2016				2015
Short term employee benefits			7				8
Pension scheme contributions			1				1
Amount paid/payable during the year			8				9
Share options*			–				–
			8				9

 

 

98    CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016 

 

 

The bands of the remuneration of other key management personnel (excluding Directors) and the related number of members of other key management personnel (excluding Directors) are as follows:

 

		Number of employees
		2016				2015
Nil to RMB2,000,000			10				10
			10				10

 

* This item represents the fair value of share options measured according to the Group’s accounting policy as set out in note 3. No other key management personnel exercised any share option in 2016 or 2015.

 

10.

FIVE HIGHEST PAID EMPLOYEES

 

During the year, none (2015: none) of the Directors, details of whose remuneration are disclosed in note 9(i) above, received an amount which falls within the category of the five highest paid employees. Details of the remuneration of the five (2015: five) highest paid employees, who are not the Directors, for the year are as follows:

 

		2016				2015
Fees (1)			–				–
Basic salaries, allowances, and benefits in kind (1)			23				22
Performance-related bonuses			14				17
Pension scheme contributions			1				1
Amount paid/payable during the year			38				40

 

(1)

Fees and salaries, allowances, and benefits in kind represent the gross amount (before applicable individual salary tax) paid/payable to individual employees.

 

The remuneration of the five (2015: five) highest paid employees, who are not the directors, falls within the following bands:

 

		Number of employees
		2016				2015
RMB5,500,001 to RMB6,000,000			1				–
RMB7,000,001 to RMB7,500,000			–				3
RMB7,500,001 to RMB8,000,000			3				–
RMB9,000,001 to RMB9,500,000			1				2
			5				5

 

11.

TAX

 

(i)

Income tax

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject, on an entity basis, to income taxes on profits arising in or derived from the tax jurisdictions in which the entities of the Group are domiciled and operate. The Company is subject to profits tax at a rate of 16.5% (2015: 16.5%) on profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong.

 

The Company is regarded as a Chinese Resident Enterprise (as defined in the “Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China”) by the State Administration of Taxation of the PRC. As a result, the Company is subject to the PRC corporate income tax at the rate of 25% starting from 1 January 2008. The corporate income tax which is subjected in Hong Kong is qualified as a foreign tax credit to offset the PRC corporate income tax starting

 

CNOOC LIMITED Annual Report 2016       99

 

 

from 1 January 2008.

 

The Company’s subsidiary in Mainland China, CNOOC China Limited, is a wholly-owned foreign enterprise. It is subject to corporate income tax at the rate of 25% under the prevailing tax rules and regulations. CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of CNOOC China Limited, is subject to corporate income tax at the rate of 15% for the three years ending 31 December 2017, after being assessed as a high new technology enterprise.

 

Subsidiaries of the Group domiciled outside the PRC are subject to income tax at rates ranging from 10% to 50% (2015: 10% to 56%). The U.K. government decreased the combined income tax rate on North Sea oil and gas activities from 50% to 40% with effect from 1 January 2016.

 

As of 31 December 2016, deferred tax liabilities related to undistributed earnings of the Company’s overseas subsidiaries have not been provided since the timing of the reversal of the taxable temporary differences can be controlled by the Company and it is probable that the temporary differences would not reverse in the foreseeable future.

 

An analysis of the tax (credit)/expense in the Group’s consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income is as follows:

 

		2016				2015
Current tax
Provision for PRC enterprise income tax
on the estimated taxable profits for the year			7,547				9,990
Provision for overseas enterprise income tax
on the estimated taxable profits for the year			2,983				3,501
Deferred tax
Temporary differences in the current year			(14,595	)			(12,585	)
Effect of changes in tax rates			(1,847	)			(4,022	)
Income tax credit for the year			(5,912	)			(3,116	)