The accounting records are maintained in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The preparation of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates that we make include allowance for doubtful accounts, depreciation and amortization, income tax assets and liabilities, fair value of marketable securities and revenue recognition. Estimates are based on historical experience where applicable or other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results may differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The interim financial statements are prepared pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q. The July 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. The interim financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in the Company's latest Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2015. In the opinion of management, the interim financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the current period are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire fiscal year ending July 31, 2016.

The computation of the annual expected effective tax rate at each interim period requires certain estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, the expected operating income for the year and future periods, projections of the proportion of income (or loss), and permanent and temporary differences. The accounting estimates used to compute the provision for income taxes may change as new events occur, more experience is acquired, or as additional information is obtained. To the extent that the estimated annual effective tax rate changes during a quarter, the effect of the change on prior quarters is included in tax expense for the current quarter.

On September 13, 2013, the U.S. Department of the Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service released final income tax regulations on the deduction and capitalization of expenditures related to tangible property (“tangible property regulations”). The tangible property regulations clarify and expand sections 162(a) and 263(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”), which relate to amounts paid to acquire, produce, or improve tangible property. Additionally, the tangible property regulations provide final guidance under IRC section 167 regarding accounting for and retirement of depreciable property and regulations under IRC section 168 relating to the accounting for property under the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System. The tangible property regulations affect all taxpayers that acquire, produce, or improve tangible property, and generally apply to taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The Company implemented the tangible property regulations as of August 1, 2014.

For the year ended July 31, 2015, after implementing the tangible property regulations, the Company incurred a federal net operating loss of approximately $8,191,403. The Company was able to carryback approximately $1,582,003, generating a federal income tax refund receivable of $537,881. The remainder of the federal net operating loss approximating $6,609,000 will be available to offset future taxable income. In addition, as of July 31, 2015 the Company had state and city net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $9,000,000 available to offset future state and city taxable income. The net operating loss carryforwards will expire, if not used, in 2035.

New York State and New York City taxes for years through July 31, 2015 are calculated using the higher of taxes based on income or the respective capital-based franchise taxes. In April 2014, the New York State governor signed into law legislation overhauling the New York State franchise tax on corporations. The changes in the law will be effective for the Company’s year ending July 31, 2016. The state capital-based tax will be phased out over a 7-year period. As of July, 2015, the Company anticipates New York State taxes will be based on capital through 2022, and New York City taxes will be based on capital for the foreseeable future.

Due to the application of the capital-based tax while the net operating loss still applies, or due to the possible absence of State taxable income in the years beyond 2022 to which the State loss can be carried, the Company has not recorded the New York State or New York City tax benefit of its net operating loss carryforwards. Also, to reflect its expectation that reversal of temporary differences will not result in New York State or City tax based on income, as of July 31, 2015 the Company decreased the deferred tax asset, deferred tax liability, and deferred taxes on unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities by $380,000, $771,000 and $26,000, respectively, resulting in a State and City deferred tax benefit of $365,000.

Recent accounting pronouncements:

In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2013-11, "Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Carryforward Exists.” The Company adopted ASU 2013-11 in the fourth quarter of fiscal year ended July 31, 2015. The adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on these consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued an update (“ASU 2014-09”) establishing ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 establishes a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting in fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2016. ASU 2015-14 extended the implementation date for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2017. The adoption of the update on August 1, 2018 is not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Level 2 valuation inputs are from other than quoted market prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly (e.g., quoted market prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted market prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active).

Level 3 valuation inputs are unobservable (e.g., an entity’s own data) and should be used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. There have been no changes in the methodologies used at October 31, 2015 and July 31, 2015.

Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities are traded that the Company has access to.

Mutual funds are valued at the daily closing price as reported by the fund. Mutual funds held by the Company are open-end mutual funds that are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These funds are required to publish their daily net asset value (“NAV”) and to transact at that price. The mutual funds held by the Company are deemed to be actively traded.

Employees' Retirement Plan:

The Company sponsors a noncontributory Money Purchase Plan covering substantially all of its non-union employees. Operations were charged $97,423 and $94,819 as contributions to the Plan for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Multi-employer plan:

The Company contributes to a union sponsored multi-employer pension plan covering its union employees. The Company contributions to the pension plan were $13,153 and $10,337 for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Contributions and costs are determined in accordance with the provisions of negotiated labor contracts or terms of the plans. The Company also contributes to union sponsored health benefit plans.

Contingent Liability for Pension Plan:

Information as to the Company’s portion of accumulated plan benefits and plan assets is not reported separately by the pension plan. Under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, upon withdrawal from a multi-employer benefit plan, an employer is required to continue to pay its proportionate share of the plan’s unfunded vested benefits, if any. Any liability under this provision cannot be determined: however, the Company has not made a decision to withdraw from the plan.

Information for contributing employer’s participation in the multi-employer plan:

For purposes of reporting cash flows, the Company considers cash equivalents to consist of short-term highly liquid investments with maturities of three (3) months or less, which are readily convertible into cash.

The Company has one class of common stock with identical voting rights and rights to liquidation.

The only component of accumulated other comprehensive income is unrealized gains (loss) on available-for-sale securities.

A summary of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended October 31, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

On June 16, 2014, the Company entered into a Second Amendment of Lease (the "Amendment") with 33 Bond St. LLC ("Bond"), its landlord, for certain truck bays and approximately 1,000 square feet located at the cellar level within a garage at Livingston and Bond Street ("Premises"). Pursuant to the Amendment, (1) a lease option for the Premises was exercised extending the lease until December 8, 2043, (2) the Company, simultaneously with the execution of the Amendment, vacated the Premises so that Bond may demolish the building in which the Premises is located in order to develop and construct a new building at the location, and (3) Bond agreed to redeliver to the Company possession of the reconfigured Premises after construction.

As consideration under the Amendment, Bond agreed to pay the Company a total of $3,500,000. Upon execution of the Amendment, the Company recorded $3,500,000 to deferred revenue to be amortized to revenue to temporarily vacate the premises over the expected vacate period of 36 months. Bond tendered $2,250,000 simultaneously with the execution of the Amendment, and the balance due of $1,250,000 on June 16, 2015 has been received by the Company.

In connection with the Amendment, the parties also agreed to settle a pending lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Kings County, Index No. 50796/13 (the "Action"), in which the Company sought, among other things, a declaratory judgment that it validly renewed the lease for the Premises, and Bond sought, among other things, a declaratory judgment that the lease expired by its terms on December 8, 2013. Pursuant to a stipulation of settlement, filed on June 16, 2014, the Action, including all claims and counterclaims, has been discontinued with prejudice, without costs or attorneys' fees to any party as against the other. The stipulation of settlement also contains general releases by both parties of all claims.

There are various lawsuits and claims pending against the Company. It is the opinion of management that the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

If the Company sells, transfers, disposes of, or demolishes 25 Elm Place, Brooklyn, New York, then the Company may be liable to create a condominium unit for the loading dock. The necessity of creating the condominium unit and the cost of such condominium unit cannot be determined at this time.

Because of defective workmanship and breach of contract, the Company commenced litigation against a contractor to pay damages and return in full $376,467 of a deposit paid when work commenced to replace a roof on the Fishkill, New York building. As of October 31, 2015, this deposit is included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in security deposits. Based on limited information available at this time, the Company cannot predict the outcome of this matter and expects to vigorously pursue this contractor until the deposit is returned and damages are paid.

changes in the rate of economic growth in the United States;

the ability to obtain credit from financial institutions and the related costs;

changes in the financial condition of our customers;

changes in regulatory environment;

lease cancellations;

changes in our estimates of costs;

war and/or terrorist attacks on facilities where services are or may be provided;

outcomes of pending and future litigation;

increasing competition by other companies;

compliance with our loan covenants;

recoverability of claims against our customers and others by us and claims by third parties against us; and

changes in estimates used in our critical accounting policies.

(b)