UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________
Form 10-K
_________________
[X] | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE | |
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 | ||
OR | ||
[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE | |
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||
For the transition period from ____ to ____ | ||
Commission file number: 1-3247 | ||
CORNING INCORPORATED | ||
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) |
NEW YORK (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
16-0393470 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||
ONE RIVERFRONT PLAZA, CORNING, NY (Address of principal executive offices) |
14831 (Zip Code) | ||||
607-974-9000 (Registrants telephone number, including area code) | |||||
[None] | |||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | |||||
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||
Common Stock, $0.50 par value per share |
New York Stock Exchange SWX Swiss Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrants definitive Proxy Statement dated February 26, 2007, and filed for the Registrants 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated into Part III, as specifically set forth in Part III.
PART I
Corning Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries are hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Company, the Registrant, Corning, or we.
This report contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to our future plans, objectives, expectations and estimates and may contain words such as believes, expects, anticipates, estimates, forecasts, or similar expressions. Our actual results could differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in our forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that could contribute to these differences include those discussed under Forward-Looking Statements, Risk Factors, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and elsewhere in this report.
Item 1. Business
General
Corning traces its origins to a glass business established in 1851. The present corporation was incorporated in the State of New York in December 1936. The Companys name was changed from Corning Glass Works to Corning Incorporated on April 28, 1989.
Corning is a global, technology-based corporation that operates in four reportable business segments: Display Technologies, Telecommunications, Environmental Technologies and Life Sciences.
Display Technologies Segment
Cornings Display Technologies segment manufactures glass substrates for active matrix liquid crystal displays (LCDs), that are used primarily in notebook computers, flat panel desktop monitors, and LCD televisions. Cornings facilities in Kentucky, Japan and Taiwan and those of Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. (Samsung Corning Precision, which is 50% owned by Corning) in South Korea develop, manufacture and supply high quality glass substrates using a proprietary fusion manufacturing process and technology expertise. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. has a 43% interest in Samsung Corning Precision, which sells glass to LCD panel manufacturers in Korea. Another shareholder owns the remaining 7% interest in Samsung Corning Precision. Panel manufacturers in the other leading LCD-producing areas of the world, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore and China, are supplied by Corning.
Corning has been a leader to market with new large-generation sized glass substrates used by our customers in the production of larger LCDs for monitors and television. We are recognized for providing product innovations that help our customers produce larger, lighter, thinner and higher-resolution displays more affordably. Glass substrates are currently available from Corning in sizes up to Generation 8 (2160mm x 2460mm), which was introduced by Corning in late 2006. Large substrates (Generation 5 and higher) allow LCD manufacturers to produce larger and a greater number of panels from each substrate. The larger size leads to economies of scale for LCD manufacturers and is expected to enable lower display prices for consumers in the future. At the end of 2006, approximately 85% of Corning and Samsung Corning Precisions volume of LCD glass was Generation 5 (1100mm x 1250mm) and higher.
Cornings proprietary fusion manufacturing process was invented by the Company. It is the cornerstone of Cornings technology leadership in the LCD industry. The automated process yields high quality glass substrates with excellent dimensional stability and uniformity essential attributes for the production of increasingly larger, high performance active matrix LCDs. Cornings fusion process is scalable and has proven to be among the most effective processes in producing large size substrates. In 2006, Corning launched EAGLE XG, the industrys first environmentally-friendly LCD glass substrate that is free of all heavy metals.
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LCD glass manufacturing is a highly capital intensive business. Corning continues to make significant investments to expand its LCD glass facilities in response to anticipated customer demand. The environment is very competitive. Important success attributes include efficient manufacturing, access to capital, technology know-how, and patents.
Patent protection and proprietary trade secrets are important to the segments operations. Corning has a growing portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. Corning licenses certain of its patents to Samsung Corning Precision and other third parties and generates revenue from these licenses. Reference is made to the material under the heading Patents and Trademarks for information relating to patents and trademarks.
The Display Technologies segment represented 41% of Cornings sales for 2006.
Telecommunications Segment
The Telecommunications segment produces optical fiber and cable, and hardware and equipment products for the worldwide telecommunications industry. Corning invented the worlds first low-loss optical fiber more than 30 years ago. It offers a range of optical fiber technology products and enhancements for a variety of applications, including premises, fiber-to-the-premises access, metropolitan, long-haul and submarine networks. Corning makes and sells InfiniCor® fibers for local area networks, data centers and central offices; NexCor® fiber for converged services networks; SMF-28e® single mode optical fiber that provides additional transmission wavelengths in metropolitan and access networks; MetroCor® fiber products for metropolitan networks; LEAF® optical fiber for long-haul, regional and metropolitan networks; and Vascade® submarine optical fibers for use in submarine networks. Corning has two large optical fiber manufacturing facilities in North Carolina and another facility in China. As a result of lowered demand for optical fiber products, in 2002 Corning mothballed its optical fiber manufacturing facility in Concord, North Carolina and transferred certain capabilities to its Wilmington, North Carolina facility. Corning believes that the Concord facility can be returned to productive capacity within six to nine months of a decision to reopen.
A significant portion of Cornings optical fiber is sold to subsidiaries such as Corning Cable Systems LLC (Corning Cable Systems), and Corning Cable Systems GmbH. Optical fiber is cabled prior to being sold in cable form. The remaining fiber production is sold directly to end users or third party cablers around the world. Cornings cabling operations include large facilities in North Carolina, Poland, and Germany and smaller regional locations and equity affiliates.
Cornings hardware and equipment products include cable assemblies, fiber optic hardware, fiber optic connectors, optical components and couplers, closures and pedestals, splice and test equipment and other accessories for optical connectivity. For copper connectivity, Cornings products include subscriber demarcation, connection and protection devices, xDSL (different variations of DSL) passive solutions and outside plant enclosures. Each of the product lines may be combined in Cornings fiber-to-the-premises solutions. Corning has manufacturing operations for hardware and equipment products in North Carolina and Texas, as well as Europe, Mexico, China, Arizona, and the Caribbean. In addition, Corning offers products for the cable television industry, including coaxial connectors and associated tools.
Patent protection is important to the segments operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. The segment licenses certain of its patents to third parties and generates revenue from these licenses, but the royalty revenue is not currently material to the business. Corning is also licensed to use certain patents owned by others. These licenses are also important to the segments operations. Reference is made to the material under the heading Patents and Trademarks for information relating to the Companys patents and trademarks.
The Telecommunications segment represented 33% of Cornings sales for 2006.
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Environmental Technologies Segment
Cornings environmental products include ceramic technologies and solutions for emissions and pollution control in mobile and stationary applications around the world, including gasoline and diesel substrate and filter products. In the early 1970s, Corning developed an economical, high-performance cellular ceramic substrate that is now the standard for catalytic converters worldwide. In response to tightening emission control obligations around the world, Corning has continued to develop more efficient substrate products with higher density and greater surface area. Corning manufactures these products in New York, Virginia, China, Germany and South Africa. Corning is investing in new ceramic substrate and filter technologies for diesel emission control device products, with a new production facility in New York to produce such products for diesel vehicles worldwide. Corning sells its ceramic substrate and filter products worldwide to manufacturers of emission control systems who then sell to automotive and diesel engine manufacturers. Although our sales are to the emission control systems manufacturers, the use of Corning substrates and filters is generally required by the specifications of the automotive and diesel engine manufacturers.
Patent protection is important to the segments operations. The segment has an extensive portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. The segment is also licensed to use certain patents owned by others. These licenses are also important to the segments operations. Reference is made to the material under the heading Patents and Trademarks for information relating to the Companys patents and trademarks.
The Environmental Technologies segment represented 12% of Cornings sales for 2006.
Life Sciences Segment
Life Sciences laboratory products include microplate products, coated slides, filter plates for genomics sample preparation, plastic cell culture dishes, flasks, cryogenic vials, roller bottles, mass cell culture products, liquid handling instruments, Pyrex® glass beakers, pipettors, serological pipettes, centrifuge tubes and laboratory filtration products. Corning sells products under 3 primary brands: Corning, Costar and Pyrex. Corning manufactures these products in Maine, New York, United Kingdom and Mexico and markets them worldwide, primarily through distributors, to government entities, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, hospitals, universities and other research facilities.
Patent protection is important to the segments operations, particularly for some of its emerging products. The segment has a growing portfolio of patents relating to its products, technologies and manufacturing processes. Brand recognition, through some well known trademarks, is important to the segment. Reference is made to the material under the heading Patents and Trademarks for information relating to the Companys patents and trademarks.
The Life Sciences segment represented approximately 6% of Cornings sales for 2006.
Other Products
Other products made by Corning include semiconductor optics, ophthalmic glass and plastic products, technical products, such as polarizing glass, glass for high temperature applications and machinable glass ceramic products. Semiconductor optics manufactured by Corning include: high-performance optical material products; optical-based metrology instruments; and optical assemblies for applications in the global semiconductor industry. Cornings semiconductor optics products are manufactured in New York. Other specialty glass products include glass lens and window components and assemblies. Other specialty glass products are made in New York, Virginia, United Kingdom and France or sourced from China. Cornings Eurokera and Keraglass equity ventures with Saint Gobain Vitrage S.A. of France manufacture smooth cooktop glass/ceramic products in France, China, and South Carolina.
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Corning owns a 50% interest in Samsung Corning Company, Ltd. (Samsung Corning), a producer of glass panels and funnels for cathode ray tubes for televisions and computer monitors, with manufacturing facilities in Korea, Germany, China and Malaysia. Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd. owns the remaining 50% interest in Samsung Corning.
Other products represented approximately 8% of Cornings sales for 2006.
We manufacture and process products at more than 47 plants and 15 countries.
Additional explanation regarding Corning and our four segments is presented in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition under Operating Review and Results of Operations and Note 19 (Operating Segments) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Corporate Investments
Corning and The Dow Chemical Company (Dow Chemical) each own half of Dow Corning Corporation (Dow Corning), an equity company in Michigan that manufactures silicone products worldwide. Dow Corning emerged from its Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings during 2004. Dow Cornings sales were $4 billion in 2006. Additional discussion about Dow Corning appears in the Legal Proceedings section. Dow Cornings financial statements are attached in Item 15, Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
Corning and PPG Industries, Inc. each own half of Pittsburgh Corning Corporation (PCC), an equity company in Pennsylvania that manufactures glass products for architectural and industrial uses. PCC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in April 2000. Additional discussion about PCC appears in the Legal Proceedings section. Corning also owns half of Pittsburgh Corning Europe N.V., a Belgian corporation that manufactures glass products for industrial uses primarily in Europe.
Additional information about corporate investments is presented in Note 8 (Investments) to the consolidated financial statements.
Competition
Corning competes across all of its product lines with many large and varied manufacturers, both domestic and foreign. Some of these competitors are larger than Corning, and some have broader product lines. Corning strives to maintain its position through technology and product innovation. For the future, Corning believes its competitive advantage lies in its commitment to research and development, and its commitment to quality. There is no assurance that Corning will be able to maintain its market position or competitive advantage.
Display Technologies Segment
Corning is the largest worldwide producer of glass substrates for active matrix LCD displays. That market position remained relatively stable over the past year. Corning believes it has competitive advantages in LCD glass substrate products from investing in new technologies, offering a consistent source of reliable supply and using its proprietary fusion manufacturing process. This process allows us to deliver glass that is larger, thinner and lighter with exceptional surface quality. Asahi Glass, Nippon Electric Glass and NH Techno are Cornings principal competitors in display glass substrates. In addition, new entrants are seeking to expand their presence in this business.
Telecommunications Segment
Competition within the telecommunications equipment industry is intense among several significant companies. Corning is a leading competitor in the segments principal product lines which include optical fiber and cable and hardware and equipment. Price and new product innovations are significant competitive factors. The competitive landscape has experienced increasing competition causing price pressure in all regions. These competitive conditions are likely to persist.
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Corning is the largest producer of optical fiber and cable products, but faces significant competition due to continued excess capacity in the market place, price pressure and new product innovations. Corning believes its large scale manufacturing experience, fiber process, technology leadership and intellectual property assets yield cost advantages relative to several of its competitors. The primary competing producers of optical fiber and cable products are Furukawa OFS, Fujikura Ltd., Sumitomo, Prysmian Communications and Draka Comteq.
For hardware and equipment products, significant competitors are 3M Company (3M), Tyco Electronics, Furukawa OFS, CommScope, and ADC Communications.
Environmental Technologies Segment
For worldwide automotive ceramic substrate products, Corning has a leading market position that has remained relatively stable over the past year. Corning believes its competitive advantage in automotive ceramic substrate products for catalytic converters is based upon global presence, customer service, engineering design services and product innovation. Corning has established a strong presence in the heavy duty and light duty diesel vehicle substrate market. Cornings Environmental Technologies products face principal competition from NGK, Denso, Ibiden and Emitec.
Life Sciences Segment
Corning is a leading supplier of glass and plastic science laboratory products, with a growing plastics products market presence in North America and Europe, and a solid laboratory glass products market presence. Corning seeks to maintain competitive advantages by emphasizing product quality, product availability, supply chain efficiency, a wide product line and superior product attributes. For laboratory products, Schott Glaswerke, Kimble, Greiner and Becton Dickinson are the principal worldwide competitors. Corning also faces increasing competition from large distributors that have backward integrated or introduced private label products.
Other Products
Corning is a leading supplier of materials and products for lithography optics in the semiconductor industry and that market position remained relatively stable during the past year. Corning seeks to compete by providing superior optical quality, leading optical designs and a local Corning presence supporting its customers. For Cornings semiconductor optical material products, general specialty glass/glass ceramic products and ophthalmic products, Schott Glaswerke, Shin-Etsu Quartz Products, Hoya and Heraeus are the main competitors.
Samsung Corning is a leading producer of cathode ray tube glass products for conventional televisions. Its relative competitive position has remained stable over the past year, although there has been a significant decline in the industry as end-market customers have turned to flat panel displays or projection technologies. Samsung Corning seeks to maintain its competitive advantage through customer support, logistics expertise and a lower cost manufacturing structure. Nippon Electric Glass, Asahi, and various other Asian manufacturers compete with Samsung Corning. Samsung Corning is also pursuing a diversification strategy to mitigate the impact of the decline in the cathode ray tube glass.
Raw Materials
Cornings production of specialty glasses, ceramics, and related materials requires significant quantities of energy, certain precious metals, and batch materials.
Although energy shortages have not been a problem recently, the cost of energy has increased. Corning has achieved flexibility through important engineering changes to take advantage of low-cost energy sources in most significant processes. Specifically, many of Cornings principal manufacturing processes can be operated with natural gas, propane, oil or electricity, or a combination of these energy sources.
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As to resources (ores, minerals, polymers, and processed chemicals) required in manufacturing operations, availability appears to be adequate. Cornings suppliers from time to time may experience capacity limitations in their own operations, or may eliminate certain product lines; nevertheless, Corning believes it has adequate programs to ensure a reliable supply of batch chemicals and raw materials. For many products, Corning has alternate glass compositions that would allow operations to continue without interruption in the event of specific materials shortages.
Certain key materials and proprietary equipment used in the manufacturing of products are currently sole sourced or available only from a limited number of suppliers. Any future difficulty in obtaining sufficient and timely delivery of components could result in delays or reductions in product shipments, or reduce Cornings gross margins.
Patents and Trademarks
Inventions by members of Cornings research and engineering staff have been, and continue to be, important to the Companys growth. Patents have been granted on many of these inventions in the United States and other countries. Some of these patents have been licensed to other manufacturers, including companies in which Corning has equity investments. Many of the earlier patents have now expired, but Corning continues to seek and obtain patents protecting its newer innovations. In 2006, Corning was granted over 195 patents in the U.S. and over 275 patents in countries outside the U.S.
Each business segment possesses its own patent portfolio that provides certain competitive advantages in protecting Cornings innovations. Corning has historically enforced, and will continue to enforce, its intellectual property rights. At the end of 2006, Corning and its wholly owned subsidiaries owned over 4,700 unexpired patents in various countries of which about 2,350 were U.S. patents. Between 2007 and 2009, approximately 1% of these patents will expire, while at the same time Corning intends to seek patents protecting its newer innovations. Worldwide, Corning has over 3,400 patent applications in process, with about 950 in process in the U.S. Corning believes that its patent portfolio will continue to provide a competitive advantage in protecting Cornings innovation, although Cornings competitors in each of its businesses are actively seeking patent protection as well.
The Display Technologies segment has over 270 patents in various countries of which over 90 were U.S. patents. No one patent is considered material to this business segment. Some of the important issued U.S. patents in this segment include patents relating to glass compositions and methods for the use and manufacture of glass substrates for display applications. There is no group of important Display Technology segment patents set to expire between 2007 and 2009.
The Telecommunications segment has over 1,650 patents in various countries of which over 800 were U.S. patents. No one patent is considered material to this business segment. Some of the important issued U.S. patents in this segment include: (i) patents relating to optical fiber products including dispersion compensating fiber, low loss optical fiber and high data rate optical fiber and processes and equipment for manufacturing optical fiber including methods for making optical fiber preforms and methods for drawing, cooling and winding optical fiber; (ii) patents relating to optical fiber ribbons and methods for making such ribbon, fiber optic cable designs and methods for installing optical fiber cable; and (iii) patents relating to optical fiber and electrical connectors and associated methods of manufacture. A few patents relating to optical fiber connectors will expire between 2007 and 2009.
The Environmental Technologies segment has over 550 patents in various countries of which over 260 were U.S. patents. No one patent is considered material to this business segment. Some of the important issued U.S. patents in this segment include patents relating to cellular ceramic honeycomb products, together with ceramic batch and binder system compositions, honeycomb extrusion and firing processes, and honeycomb extrusion dies and equipment for the high-volume, low-cost manufacture of such products. One family of patents relating to batch formation of ceramic honeycomb products will expire between 2007 and 2009.
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The Life Sciences segment has over 175 patents in various countries of which over 75 are U.S. patents. No one patent is considered material to this business segment. Some of the important issued U.S. patents in this segment include patents relating to methods and apparatus for the manufacture and use of scientific laboratory equipment including nucleic acid arrays, multiwell plates, and cell culture products as well as equipment for label independent drug discovery. There is no group of important Life Sciences segment patents set to expire between 2007 and 2009.
Many of these patents are used in Cornings operations or are licensed for use by others, and Corning is licensed to use patents owned by others. Corning has entered into cross licensing arrangements with some major competitors, but the scope of such licenses has been limited to specific product areas or technologies.
Cornings principal trademarks include the following: Corning, Celcor, DuraTrap, Eagle2000, EagleXG, Epic, HPFS, Pyrex, SMF-28e, Steuben, Lanscape, Evolant, and Vycor.
Protection of the Environment
Corning has a program to ensure that its facilities are in compliance with state, federal and foreign pollution-control regulations. This program resulted in capital and operating expenditures during the past several years. In order to maintain compliance with such regulations, capital expenditures for pollution control in continuing operations were approximately $50 million in 2006 and are estimated to be $13 million in 2007.
Cornings 2006 operating results from continuing operations were charged with approximately $44 million for depreciation, maintenance, waste disposal and other operating expenses associated with pollution control. Corning believes that its compliance program will not place it at a competitive disadvantage.
Employees
At December 31, 2006, Corning had approximately 24,500 full-time employees, including approximately 10,100 employees in the United States. From time to time, Corning also retains consultants, independent contractors, and temporary and part-time workers. Unions are certified as bargaining agents from approximately 30% of Cornings United States employees.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Wendell P. Weeks President and Chief Executive Officer
Mr. Weeks joined Corning in 1983 and was named a vice president and deputy general manager of the Telecommunications Products division in 1995, vice president and general managerTelecommunications Products in 1996, senior vice president in 1997, senior vice president of Opto-Electronics in 1998, executive vice president of Optical Communications in 1999, president, Corning Optical Communications in 2001, President and Chief Operating Officer in 2002 and to his present position in 2005. Mr. Weeks will become chairman and chief executive officer on April 26, 2007. Mr. Weeks is a director of Merck & Co., Inc. Director since 2000. Age 47.
James B. Flaws Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer
Mr. Flaws joined Corning in 1973 and served in a variety of controller and business management positions. Mr. Flaws was elected assistant treasurer of Corning in 1993, vice president and controller in 1997 and vice president of finance and treasurer in May 1997, senior vice president and chief financial officer in December 1997, executive vice president and chief financial officer in 1999 and to his current position in 2002. Mr. Flaws is a director of Dow Corning Corporation. Mr. Flaws has been a member of Cornings Board of Directors since 2000. Age 58.
Peter F. Volanakis Chief Operating Officer
Mr. Volanakis joined Corning in 1982 and subsequently held various marketing, development and commercial positions in several divisions. He was named managing director Corning GmbH in 1992, executive vice president of CCS Holding, Inc., formerly known as Siecor Corporation, in 1995, senior vice president of Advanced Display Products in 1997, executive vice president of Display Technologies and Life Sciences in 1999 and president of Corning Technologies in 2001. Mr. Volanakis was elected to his current position on April 28, 2005. Mr. Volanakis will become president and chief operating officer on April 26, 2007. Mr. Volanakis is a director of Dow Corning Corporation. Mr. Volanakis has been a member of Cornings Board of Directors since 2000. Age 51.
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Kirk P. Gregg Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
Mr. Gregg joined Corning in 1993 as director of Executive Compensation. He was named vice president of Executive Resources and Employee Benefits in 1994, senior vice president, administration in December 1997 and to his current position in 2002. Prior to joining Corning, Mr. Gregg was with General Dynamics Corporation as corporate director, Key Management Programs, and was responsible for executive compensation and benefits, executive development and recruiting. Age 47.
Joseph A. Miller Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Dr. Miller joined Corning in 2001 as senior vice president and chief technology officer. He was appointed to his current position in 2002. Prior to joining Corning, Dr. Miller was with E.I. DuPont de Nemours, Inc., where he served as chief technology officer and senior vice president for research and development since 1994. He began his career with DuPont in 1966. Dr. Miller is a director of Wilson Greatbatch Technologies and Dow Corning Corporation. Age 65.
Pamela C. Schneider Senior Vice President and Operations Chief of Staff
Ms. Schneider joined Corning in 1986 as senior financial analyst in the Controllers Division. In 1988 she became manager of internal audit. In 1990 she was named controller and in 1991 chief financial officer of Corning Asahi Video Products Company. In January 1993, she was appointed vice president and chief financial officer and in 1995 vice president for Corning Consumer Products Company. In 1997, she was named vice president and in 1999 senior vice president, Human Resources and Diversity Officer for Corning. Ms. Schneider was appointed to her present position in April 2002. Age 52.
Katherine A. Asbeck Senior Vice President - Finance
Ms. Asbeck joined Corning in 1991 as director of accounting. She was appointed assistant controller in 1993, designated chief accounting officer in 1994, elected vice president and controller in 1997 and senior vice president in 2001. She was elected to her current position in October 2005. Ms. Asbeck is a director of Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. and Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. Age 50.
William D. Eggers Senior Vice President and General Counsel
Mr. Eggers joined Corning in 1997 as vice president and deputy general counsel. He was elected senior vice president and general counsel in February 1998. Mr. Eggers was a Partner with the Rochester firm of Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle, LLP, before joining Corning. Mr. Eggers is a director of Chemung Financial Corp. Age 62.
Mark S. Rogus Senior Vice President and Treasurer
Mr. Rogus joined Corning in 1996 as manager of corporate finance. He was appointed assistant treasurer in 1999, vice president and treasurer in 2000 and was elected to his current position in 2004. Prior to joining Corning, Mr. Rogus held various business development positions at Wachovia Bank. Mr. Rogus is a director of Cormetech, Inc. Age 47.
Larry Aiello Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Corning Cable Systems
Mr. Aiello joined Corning in 1973 and served in several positions in manufacturing from 1975 to 1981. He was named manager-Domestic Accounting in 1981, controller-Telecommunications Products Division in 1984, director-Control and Analysis in 1987 and assistant controller and director in 1989. He was named division vice president and director-Business Development and Planning, Opto-Electronics Group in 1990, general manager-Component Products Group in 1992, vice president and controller, Corning Incorporated in 1993, senior vice president-International and president-Corning International Corporation in 1997, senior vice president and chief of staff-Corning Optical Communications in 2000 and to his current position in 2002. Age 57.
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Robert B. Brown Executive Vice President, Environmental Technologies
Mr. Brown joined Corning in 1972 and served in a variety of manufacturing and engineering positions. He was appointed division vice president-manufacturing and engineering, Telecommunications Products Division in 1995, vice president manufacturing and engineering, Opto-Electronics in 1999, president-Corning Lasertron in February 2000, vice president and general manager-Amplification Products in December 2000, vice president and general manager Optical Fiber in April 2002, senior vice president and general manager Telecommunications in 2003, senior vice president and general manager Environmental Technologies in January 2005, and to his current position in August 2005. Mr. Brown is a director of Cormetech, Inc. Age 56.
Lawrence D. McRae Senior Vice President, Strategy and Corporate Development
Mr. McRae joined Corning in 1985 and served in various financial, sales and marketing positions. He was appointed vice president-Corporate Development in 2000, senior vice president-Corporate Development in 2003 and most recently, senior vice president-Strategy and Corporate Development in October 2005. Mr. McRae is on the board of directors of Dow Corning Corporation, Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. and Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. Age 48.
Eric S. Musser Vice President and General Manager, Optical Fiber
Mr. Musser joined Corning in 1986 and held various manufacturing, planning and quality positions. He assumed the role of President for Corning Lasertron in 2000, became Cornings director of Manufacturing Operations, Photonic Technologies in 2002, then division vice president, Development and Engineering in 2003, and was elected to his current position in January 2005. Age 47.
Jane D. Poulin Chief Accounting Officer and Division Vice President
Ms. Poulin joined Corning in September 2005. Prior to joining Corning, she was an Associate Chief Accountant in the Office of the Chief Accountant of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from June 2000 to September 2005. She previously served as corporate controller at a privately held manufacturer and was an audit senior manager at Ernst & Young LLP. Age 44.
Tony Tripeny Vice President and Corporate Controller
Mr. Tripeny became the corporate accounting manager for Corning Cable Systems in 1985. After serving in other financial functions, he was appointed chief financial officer of Corning Cable Systems in 2000. In 2003, he became group controller for Cornings Telecommunications business, and division vice president and operations controller of Corning in 2004, and was elected to his current position in October 2005. Age 47.
Document Availability
A copy of Cornings 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is available upon written request to Ms. Denise A. Hauselt, Secretary and Assistant General Counsel, Corning Incorporated, HQ-E2-10, Corning, NY 14831. The Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and other filings are available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed or furnished to the SEC, and can be accessed electronically free of charge, through the Investor Relations category of the Corning home page on the Internet at www.corning.com. The information contained on the Companys website is not included in, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Set forth below are some of the principal risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual business results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements contained in this Report. Future results could be materially affected by general industry and market conditions, changes in laws or accounting rules, general economic and political conditions, including a global economic slowdown, fluctuation of interest rates or currency exchange rates, terrorism, political unrest or international conflicts, political instability or major health concerns, natural disasters or other disruptions of expected business conditions. These risk factors should be considered in addition to our cautionary comments concerning forward-looking statements in this Annual Report.
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Our sales could be negatively impacted if one or more of our key customers substantially reduce orders for our products
Cornings ten largest customers account for about 50% of our sales. No individual customer accounts for more than 10% of consolidated sales except for AU Optronics Corporation (AUO) which accounted for 13% of consolidated sales in 2006.
In addition, a relatively small number of customers accounted for a high percentage of net sales in each of our reportable operating segments. For 2006, three customers of the Display Technologies segment, which individually accounted for more than 10% of segment net sales, represented 64% of total segment sales when combined. In the Telecommunications segment, two customers, which individually accounted for more than 10% of segment net sales, represented 25% of total segment sales when combined. In the Environmental Technologies segment, three customers, which individually accounted for more than 10% of segment net sales, represented 72% of total segment sales in aggregate. In the Life Sciences segment, one distributor accounted for 43% of this segments sales in 2006.
Samsung Corning Precisions sales were also concentrated in 2006, with sales to two LCD panel makers located in South Korea accounting for approximately 92% of total Samsung Corning Precision sales.
Although the sale of LCD glass substrates has increased in 2006, there can be no assurance that positive trends will continue. Our customers are LCD panel and color filter makers. As they switch to larger size glass, the pace of their orders may be uneven while they adjust their manufacturing processes and facilities. Additionally, consumer preferences for panels of differing sizes, price, or other seasonal factors, may lead to pauses in market growth from time to time. Our customers may not be able to maintain profitable operations or access sufficient capital to fund ongoing and future planned expansions, which may limit their pace of orders to us. Emerging technologies could replace our glass substrates for certain applications resulting in a decline in demand for our LCD products.
Our Telecommunications segment customers purchases of our products are affected by their capital expansion plans, general market and economic uncertainty and regulatory changes, including broadband policy. Sales in the Telecommunications segment are expected to be impacted by the pace of Verizon Communication Inc. (Verizon) fiber-to-the-premises deployments. Our sales will be dependent on Verizons planned targets for homes passed and connected. Changes in Verizons deployment plan could adversely affect future sales in any quarter or for the full year.
In the Environmental Technologies segment, sales of our ceramic substrate and filter products for automotive and diesel emissions and pollution control are expected to fluctuate with vehicle production. Changes in governmental laws and regulations for air quality and emission controls may also influence future sales. Sales in our Environmental Technologies segment are to four catalyzers and emission system component manufacturers. Our customers sell these systems to automotive original equipment manufacturers and diesel engine manufacturers. Sales within this segment may be affected by adverse developments in the U.S. auto industry or by such factors as higher fuel prices that may affect vehicles sales.
Sales in our Life Sciences segment were historically through two large distributors to government entities, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, hospitals, universities and other research facilities. During 2005, we did not renew the contract with one large distributor and transitioned the sales through this distributor to our remaining primary distributor and other existing and developing channels. This change had an adverse impact on sales volumes. In 2006, our remaining primary distributor accounted for 43% of Life Sciences segment sales.
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If the markets for our products do not develop and expand as we anticipate, demand for our products may decline, which would negatively impact our results of operations and financial performance
The markets for our products are characterized by rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry or government standards and new product introductions. Our success is expected to depend, in substantial part, on the successful introduction of new products, or upgrades of current products, and our ability to compete with new technologies. The following factors related to our products and markets, if not achieved, could have an adverse impact on our results of operations:
We face pricing pressures in each of our leading businesses that could adversely affect our results of operations and financial performance
We face pricing pressure in each of our leading businesses as a result of intense competition, emerging new technologies, or over-capacity. While we will work toward reducing our costs to offset pricing pressures, we may not be able to achieve proportionate reductions in costs. As a result of overcapacity in the Telecommunications segment, we anticipate pricing pressures will continue into 2007 and beyond. Pricing pressure in our Display Technologies segment was at a historically high level in 2006. Although we are taking steps to reduce the rate of price decline in 2007, we cannot be assured of success. Our 2007 pricing strategy may also result in lost market share.
We face risks related to our international operations and sales
We have customers and significant operations, including manufacturing and sales, located outside the U.S. We have large manufacturing operations for liquid crystal display glass substrates in Taiwan and the Asia-Pacific region, including an equity investment in Samsung Corning Precision operating in South Korea that makes glass substrates for the LCD market. All of our Display segment customers are located in the Asia-Pacific region. As a result of these and other international operations, we face a number of risks, including:
Any of these items could cause our sales or profitability to be significantly reduced.
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We face risks due to foreign currency fluctuations
Because we have significant customers and operations outside the U.S., fluctuations in foreign currencies, especially the Japanese yen, the New Taiwan dollar, the Korean won, and the euro, affect our sales and profit levels. Foreign exchange rates may make our products less competitive in countries where local currencies decline in value relative to the dollar and Japanese yen. Sales in our Display Technologies segment, representing 41% of Cornings sales, are denominated in Japanese yen. The expected sales growth of the Display Technologies segment will increase our exposure to currency fluctuations. Although we hedge significant transaction and balance sheet currency exposures, we do not hedge translation risk and thus changes in exchange rates (especially the yen) may significantly impact our reported revenues and results of operations.
If the financial condition of our customers declines, our credit risks could increase
Although we have a rigorous process to administer credit and believe our reserve is adequate, we have experienced, and in the future may experience, losses as a result of our inability to collect our accounts receivable. If our customers fail to meet their payment obligations to us, we could experience reduced cash flows and losses in excess of amounts reserved. Some customers of our Display Technologies segment are thinly capitalized and/ or marginally profitable. In our Environmental products segment, the U.S. auto customers and certain of their suppliers have encountered credit downgrades or, in the case of Delphi Corporation, bankruptcy. These factors may result in an inability to collect receivables or a possible loss in business. As of December 31, 2006, reserves for trade receivables totaled approximately $21 million.
If we do not successfully adjust our manufacturing volumes and fixed cost structure, or achieve manufacturing yields or sufficient product reliability, our operating results could suffer, and we may not achieve anticipated profitability levels
We are investing heavily in additional manufacturing capacity of certain businesses, including liquid crystal display glass and diesel emission substrates and filters. The speed of constructing the new facilities presents challenges. We may face technical and process issues in moving to commercial production. There can be no assurance that Corning will be able to pace its capacity expansion to the actual demand. It is possible that manufacturing capacity may exceed customer demand during certain periods.
The manufacturing of our products involves highly complex and precise processes, requiring production in highly controlled and dust-free environments. Changes in our manufacturing processes could significantly reduce our manufacturing yields and product reliability. In some cases, existing manufacturing may be insufficient to achieve the requirements of our customers. We will need to develop new manufacturing processes and techniques to achieve targeted volume, pricing and cost levels that will permit profitable operations. While we continue to fund projects to improve our manufacturing techniques and processes, we may not achieve satisfactory cost levels in our manufacturing activities that will fully satisfy our profitability targets.
Our future operating results depend on our ability to purchase a sufficient amount of materials, parts, and manufacturing equipment components to meet the demands of our customers
Our ability to meet customer demand depends, in part, on our ability to obtain timely and adequate delivery of materials, parts and components from our suppliers. We may experience shortages that could adversely affect our operations. Although we work closely with our suppliers to avoid shortages, there can be no assurances that we will not encounter these problems in the future. Furthermore, certain manufacturing equipment or components are available only from a single source or limited sources. We may not be able to find alternate sources in a timely manner. A reduction or interruption in supplies, or a significant increase in the price of supplies, could have a material adverse effect on our businesses.
13
We have incurred, and may in the future incur, restructuring and other charges, the amounts of which are difficult to predict accurately
We have recorded several charges for restructuring, impairment of assets, and the write-off of cost and equity based investments. It is possible we may record additional charges for restructuring or other asset impairments if additional actions become necessary.
We have incurred, and may in the future incur, goodwill and other intangible asset impairment charges
At December 31, 2006, Corning had goodwill and other intangible assets of $316 million. While we believe the estimates and judgments about future cash flows used in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable, we cannot provide assurance that future impairment charges will not be required if the expected cash flow estimates as projected by management do not occur.
If our products or materials purchased from our suppliers experience performance issues, our business will suffer
Our business depends on the production of products of consistently high quality. Our products, components and materials purchased from our suppliers, are typically tested for quality. These testing procedures are limited to evaluating our products under likely and foreseeable failure scenarios. For various reasons, our products, including materials purchased from our suppliers, may fail to perform as expected. In some cases, product redesigns or additional expense may be required to correct a defect. A significant or systemic product failure could result in customer relations problems, lost sales, and financial damages.
We face competition in most of our businesses
We expect that we will face additional competition from existing competitors, low cost manufacturers and new entrants. We must invest in research and development, expand our engineering, manufacturing and marketing capabilities, and continue to improve customer service and support in order to remain competitive. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain or improve our competitive position.
We may experience difficulties in enforcing our intellectual property rights and we may be subject to claims of infringement of the intellectual property rights of others
We may encounter difficulties in protecting our intellectual property rights or obtaining rights to additional intellectual property necessary to permit us to continue or expand our businesses. We cannot assure you that the patents that we hold or may obtain will provide meaningful protection against our competitors. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Litigation is inherently uncertain and the outcome is often unpredictable. Other companies hold patents on technologies used in our industries and are aggressively seeking to expand, enforce and license their patent portfolios.
The intellectual property rights of others could inhibit our ability to introduce new products. We are, and may in the future be, subject to claims of intellectual property infringement or misappropriation that may result in loss of revenue, require us to incur substantial costs, or lead to monetary damages or injunctive relief against us. We cannot assure you as to the outcome of such claims.
Current or future litigation may harm our financial condition or results of operations
Pending, threatened or future litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties. Our financial condition or results of operations may be adversely affected by unfavorable outcomes, expenses and costs exceeding amounts estimated or insured. In particular, we have been named as a defendant in numerous lawsuits alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos. As described in Legal Proceedings, our negotiations with the representatives of asbestos claimants produced a tentative plan of settlement through a PCC Plan of Reorganization, but this Plan has not been confirmed by the Bankruptcy Court. The proponents of the Plan have moved for reconsideration of the order entered by the Court on December 21, 2006 denying Plan confirmation. It is reasonably possible that changes to the Plan may be negotiated, but the elements of the Plan and final approval are subject to a number of contingencies. Total charges of $816 million have been recorded through December 31, 2006; however, additional charges or credits are possible due to the potential fluctuation in the price of our common stock, other adjustments in the proposed settlement, and other litigation factors.
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We face risks through our equity method investments in companies that we do not control
Cornings net income includes significant equity in earnings of associated companies. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we recognized $960 million of equity earnings, of which $889 million came from our two largest investments: Dow Corning Corporation (which makes silicone products) and Samsung Corning Precision (which makes liquid crystal display glass). Samsung Corning Precision is located in the Asia-Pacific region and is subject to political and geographic risks mentioned above, as well as business and other risks within the Display segment. Our equity investments may not continue to perform at the same levels as in recent years. In 2005 and 2006, we recognized equity losses associated with Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. (our 50% equity method investment that makes glass panels and funnels for conventional televisions), which recorded fixed asset and other impairment charges. As the conventional television market will be negatively impacted by strong growth in the LCD glass market, it is reasonably possible that Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. may incur additional restructuring or impairment charges or net operating losses in the future.
We may not have adequate insurance coverage for claims against us
We face the risk of loss resulting from product liability, securities, fiduciary liability, intellectual property, antitrust, contractual, warranty, fraud and other lawsuits, whether or not such claims are valid. In addition, our product liability, fiduciary, directors and officers, property, natural catastrophe and comprehensive general liability insurance may not be adequate to cover such claims or may not be available to the extent we expect. Our insurance costs can be volatile and, at any time, can increase given changes in market supply and demand. We may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage in the future at acceptable costs. A successful claim that exceeds or is not covered by our policies could require us to pay substantial sums. Some of the carriers in our excess insurance programs are in liquidation and may not be able to respond if we should have claims reaching into excess layers. The financial health of other insurers may deteriorate. In addition, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage for certain risk such as political risk, terrorism or war.
Changes in accounting may affect our reported earnings and operating income
Generally accepted accounting principles and accompanying accounting pronouncements, implementation guidelines, and interpretations for many areas of our business, such as revenue recognition, accounting for investments, and accounting for stock options, are very complex and involve significant and sometimes subjective judgments. Changes in these rules or their interpretation could significantly impact our reported earnings and operating income and could add significant volatility to those measures in the future, without a corresponding change in our cash flows.
Other
Additional information in response to Item 1 is found in Note 19 (Operating Segments) to the consolidated financial statements and selected financial data.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
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Item 2. Properties
We operate approximately 47 manufacturing plants and processing facilities, of which approximately one half are located in the U.S. We own substantially all of our executive and corporate buildings, which are located in Corning, New York. We also own substantially all of our manufacturing and research and development facilities and more than half of our sales and administrative facilities.
For the years ended 2006, 2005 and 2004, we invested a total of $3.6 billion, primarily in facilities outside the U.S. in our Display Technologies segment. Of the $1.2 billion spent in 2006, $721 million was for facilities outside the U.S.
Manufacturing, sales and administrative, and research and development facilities have an aggregate floor space of approximately 24 million square feet. Distribution of this total area follows:
(million square feet) | Total | Domestic | Foreign | |||||
Manufacturing | 18 | 7 | 11 | |||||
Sales and administrative | 4 | 3 | 1 | |||||
Research and development | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Total | 24 | 12 | 12 |
Total assets and capital expenditures by operating segment are included in Note 19 (Operating Segments) to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Information concerning lease commitments is included in Note 14 (Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees) to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
During 2006, we continued the restructuring program that closed or consolidated certain smaller manufacturing facilities. Throughout 2007 we expect to have excess manufacturing capacity in our Telecommunications segment and will not utilize a portion of space in the facilities listed above. The largest unused portion is our optical fiber manufacturing facility in Concord, North Carolina that has been mothballed until fiber demand rebounds. We believe that the Concord facility can be returned to productive capacity within six to nine months of a decision to do so.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Environmental Litigation. Corning has been named by the Environmental Protection Agency (the Agency) under the Superfund Act, or by state governments under similar state laws, as a potentially responsible party at 18 active hazardous waste sites. Under the Superfund Act, all parties who may have contributed any waste to a hazardous waste site, identified by such Agency, are jointly and severally liable for the cost of cleanup unless the Agency agrees otherwise. It is Cornings policy to accrue for its estimated liability related to Superfund sites and other environmental liabilities related to property owned by Corning based on expert analysis and continual monitoring by both internal and external consultants. Corning has accrued approximately $16 million (undiscounted) for its estimated liability for environmental cleanup and litigation at December 31, 2006. Based upon the information developed to date, management believes that the accrued reserve is a reasonable estimate of the Companys liability and that the risk of an additional loss in an amount materially higher than that accrued is remote.
Dow Corning Bankruptcy. Corning and Dow Chemical each own 50% of the common stock of Dow Corning In May 1995, Dow Corning filed for bankruptcy protection to address pending and claimed liabilities arising from many thousand breast implant product lawsuits. On June 1, 2004, Dow Corning emerged from Chapter 11 with a Plan of Reorganization (the Plan) which provided for the settlement or other resolution of implant claims. The Plan also includes releases for Corning and Dow Chemical as shareholders in exchange for contributions to the Plan.
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Under the terms of the Plan, Dow Corning has established and is funding a Settlement Trust and a Litigation Facility to provide a means for tort claimants to settle or litigate their claims. Inclusive of insurance, Dow Corning has paid approximately $1.5 billion to the Settlement Trust. As of December 31, 2006, Dow Corning had recorded a reserve for breast implant litigation of $1.7 billion and anticipates insurance receivables of $185 million. As a separate matter arising from the bankruptcy proceedings, Dow Corning is defending claims asserted by a number of commercial creditors who claim additional interest at default rates and enforcement costs, during the period from May 1995 through June 2004. On July 26, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals vacated the judgment of the District Court fixing the interest component, ruled that default interest and enforcement costs may be awarded subject to equitable factors to be determined, and directed that the matter be remanded for further proceedings. Dow Corning filed a petition for rehearing by the Court of Appeals, which was denied. It has filed a petition for writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court, which has not yet been decided. As of December 31, 2006, Dow Corning has estimated the interest payable to commercial creditors to be within the range of $68 million to $208 million. As Dow Corning management believes no single amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range, Dow Corning has recorded the minimum liability within the range. Should Dow Corning not prevail in this matter, Cornings equity earnings would be reduced by its 50% share of the amount in excess of $68 million, net of applicable tax benefits. There are a number of other claims in the bankruptcy proceedings against Dow Corning awaiting resolution by the U.S. District Court, and it is reasonably possible that Dow Corning may record bankruptcy-related charges in the future. There are no remaining tort claims against Corning, other than those that will be channeled by the Plan into facilities established by the Plan or otherwise defended by the Litigation Facility.
Pittsburgh Corning Corporation. Corning and PPG Industries, Inc. (PPG) each own 50% of the capital stock of Pittsburgh Corning Corporation (PCC). Over a period of more than two decades, PCC and several other defendants have been named in numerous lawsuits involving claims alleging personal injury from exposure to asbestos. On April 16, 2000, PCC filed for Chapter 11 reorganization in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania. As a result of PCCs bankruptcy filing, Corning recorded an after-tax charge of $36 million in 2001 to fully impair its investment in PCC and discontinued recognition of equity earnings. At the time PCC filed for bankruptcy protection, there were approximately 12,400 claims pending against Corning in state court lawsuits alleging various theories of liability based on exposure to PCCs asbestos products and typically requesting monetary damages in excess of one million dollars per claim. Corning has defended those claims on the basis of the separate corporate status of PCC and the absence of any facts supporting claims of direct liability arising from PCCs asbestos products. Corning is also currently named in approximately 10,900 other cases (approximately 42,300 claims) alleging injuries from asbestos and similar amounts of monetary damages per claim. Those cases have been covered by insurance without material impact to Corning to date. Asbestos litigation is inherently difficult, and past trends in resolving these claims may not be indicators of future outcomes.
In the bankruptcy court in April 2000, PCC obtained a preliminary injunction against the prosecution of asbestos actions arising from PCCs products against its two shareholders to afford the parties a period of time in which to negotiate a plan of reorganization for PCC (the PCC Plan).
On May 14, 2002, PPG announced that it had agreed with certain of its insurance carriers and representatives of current and future asbestos claimants on the terms of a settlement arrangement applicable to claims arising from PCCs products.
On March 28, 2003, Corning announced that it had reached agreement with the representatives of asbestos claimants for the settlement of all current and future asbestos claims against it and PCC, which might arise from PCC products or operations. The proposed settlement, if the Plan is approved and becomes effective, will require Corning to relinquish its equity interest in PCC, contribute its equity interest in Pittsburgh Corning Europe N.V. (PCE), a Belgian corporation, and contribute 25 million shares of Corning common stock. Corning also agreed to pay a total of $140 million in six annual installments (present value $131 million at March 2003), beginning one year after the Plan becomes effective, with 5.5 percent interest from June 2004, and to assign certain insurance policy proceeds from its primary insurance and a portion of its excess insurance at the time of settlement.
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Since March 28, 2003, we have recorded total net charges of $816 million to reflect the agreed settlement contributions and subsequent adjustments for the change in the fair value of the components.
The liability expected to be settled by contribution of our investment in PCE, assigned insurance proceeds, and the 25 million shares of our common stock (totaling $656 million at December 31, 2006) is recorded in the other accrued liabilities component in our consolidated balance sheets. This portion of the PCC liability is considered a due on demand obligation and is classified as a current liability. The remaining portion of the settlement liability (totaling $160 million at December 31, 2006), representing the net present value of the cash payments, is recorded in the other liabilities component in our consolidated balance sheets.
Two of Cornings primary insurers and several excess insurers have commenced litigation for a declaration of the rights and obligations of the parties under insurance policies, including rights that may be affected by the settlement arrangement described above. Corning is vigorously contesting these cases. Management is unable to predict the outcome of this insurance litigation.
The PCC Plan received a favorable vote from creditors in March 2004. Hearings to consider objections to the Plan were held in the Bankruptcy Court in May 2004. In February, 2006, the Bankruptcy Court requested that the Plan proponents delete references to Section 105(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and resubmit the Plan. The final round of oral argument was held on July 21, 2006. On December 21, 2006, the Bankruptcy Court issued an order denying confirmation of the Plan for reasons set out in a memorandum opinion. The opinion generally supports the elements of the Plan except for the breadth of the channeling injunction applicable to claims against either of the two shareholders when those claims do not derive from the products or operations of PCC itself. The Court declared a three part test whereby other claims may be channeled if PCC is named a defendant, a shareholder is named, and conspiracy theories are alleged. Several parties, including Corning, have filed motions of reconsideration, which are scheduled for a hearing before the Bankruptcy Court on March 5, 2007. If the Bankruptcy Court does not approve the PCC Plan in its current form, changes to the Plan are probable as it is likely that the Court will allow the proponents time to propose amendments. The outcome of these proceedings is uncertain, and confirmation of the current Plan or any amended Plan is subject to a number of contingencies. However, apart from the quarterly mark-to-market adjustment in the value of the components of the settlement, management believes that the likelihood of a material adverse impact to Cornings financial statements is remote.
Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co. and other creditors against Samsung Group and affiliates. As of March 2005, Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. (Samsung Corning Precision) and Samsung Corning Co. Ltd. (Samsung Corning) are two of approximately thirty co-defendants in a lawsuit filed by Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co. and 14 other creditors (SGI and Creditors) for alleged breach of an agreement that approximately thirty affiliates of the Samsung group entered into with SGI and Creditors in September 1999. The lawsuit is pending in the courts of Korea. According to the agreement, the Samsung affiliates agreed to sell 3.5 million shares of Samsung Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (SLI) by December 31, 2000, which were transferred to SGI and Creditors in connection with the petition for court receivership of Samsung Motor Inc. In the lawsuit, SGI and Creditors allege that, in the event that the proceeds of sale of the SLI shares is less than 2.45 trillion Korean won (approximately $2.64 billion), the Samsung affiliates allegedly agreed to compensate SGI and Creditors for the shortfall, by other means, including Samsung affiliates purchase of equity or subordinated debentures to be issued by SGI and Creditors. Any excess proceeds are to be distributed to the Samsung affiliates. As of March 2005, the shares of Samsung Life Insurance Co., Ltd. had not been sold. The suit asks for damages of approximately $4.6 billion plus penalty interest. Samsung Corning Precision and Samsung Corning combined guarantees should represent no more than 3.1% of the Samsung affiliates total financial obligation. Although noting that the outcome of these matters is uncertain, Samsung Corning Precision and Samsung Corning have stated that these matters are not likely to result in a material ultimate loss to their financial statements. No claim in these matters has been asserted against Corning Incorporated.
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Ellsworth Industrial Park, Downers Grove, IL Environmental Litigation. In August 2005, Corning was named as a fourth party defendant in a class action, Ann Muniz v. Rexnord Corp, filed in the U.S. District Court for the N.D. Illinois, claiming an unspecified amount of damages and asserting various personal injury and property damage claims against a number of corporate defendants. These claims allegedly arise from the release of solvents from the operations of several manufacturers at the Ellsworth Industrial Park into soil and ground water. On July 10, 2006, plaintiffs settled with a number of defendants and third-party defendants for $15.75 million, and the settling defendants are mediating allocation. In November 2006, Corning settled with three of the third-party defendants for a total of approximately $99,000. The claim of the remaining third-party defendant against Corning is scheduled for trial in March 2007. Corning was also named as a third or fourth party defendant in two personal injury lawsuits against a number of corporate defendants as a result of an alleged groundwater contamination at this industrial park site. Corning has a number of defenses to these claims, which management intends to contest vigorously. Management believes these matters are not likely to be material to the financial statements of Corning in any period.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(a) | Corning Incorporated common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the SWX Swiss Exchange. In addition, it is traded on the Boston, Midwest, Pacific and Philadelphia stock exchanges. Common stock options are traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange. The abbreviated ticker symbol for Corning Incorporated is GLW. |
The following table sets forth the high and low sales price of Cornings common stock as reported on the Composite Tape.
First | Second | Third | Fourth | ||||||||
Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | Quarter | ||||||||
2006 | |||||||||||
Price range | |||||||||||
High | $ | 28.28 | $ | 29.61 | $ | 24.90 | $ | 25.57 | |||
Low | $ | 19.35 | $ | 20.39 | $ | 17.50 | $ | 18.62 | |||
2005 | |||||||||||
Price range | |||||||||||
High | $ | 12.40 | $ | 17.08 | $ | 21.95 | $ | 21.62 | |||
Low | $ | 10.61 | $ | 10.97 | $ | 16.03 | $ | 16.61 |
As of December 31, 2006, there were approximately 25,700 record holders of common stock and approximately 595,000 beneficial shareholders. Corning discontinued the payment of dividends on its common stock in 2001. |
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table shows the total number of outstanding options and shares available for other future issuances of options under all of our existing equity compensation plans, including our 2005 Employee Equity Participation Program, our 2003 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors and our 2002 Worldwide Employee Share Purchase Plan as of December 31, 2006.
A | B | C | ||||||||
Number of | ||||||||||
Securities | ||||||||||
Remaining Available | ||||||||||
Securities To | for Future Issuance | |||||||||
Be Issued Upon | Weighted-Average | Under Equity | ||||||||
Exercise of | Exercise Price | Compensation Plans | ||||||||
Outstanding | of Outstanding | (excluding securities | ||||||||
Options, Warrants | Options, Warrants | reflected in column | ||||||||
Plan Category | and Rights | and Rights | A) | |||||||
Equity Compensation Plans Approved | ||||||||||
by Security Holders (1) | 95,729,896 | $ | 24.19 | 116,065,029 | ||||||
Equity Compensation Plans Not | ||||||||||
Approved by Security Holders | 0 | $ | 0.00 | 0 | ||||||
Total | 95,729,896 | $ | 24.19 | 116,065,029 |
(1) | Shares indicated are total grants under the most recent shareholder approved plans as well as any shares remaining outstanding from any prior shareholder approved plans. |
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Performance Graph
The following graph illustrates the cumulative total shareholder return over the last five years of Cornings Common Stock, the S&P 500 and the S&P Communications Equipment Companies (in which Corning is currently included). The graph includes the capital weighted performance results of those companies in the communications equipment companies classification that are also included in the S&P 500.
(b) | Not applicable. | |
(c) | This table provides information about our purchases of our common stock during the fiscal fourth quarter of 2006: |
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities* | |||||||||||||
Approximate | |||||||||||||
Total | Total Number of | Dollar Value of | |||||||||||
Number | Average | Shares Purchased | Shares that May | ||||||||||
of Shares | Price Paid | as Part of Publicly | Yet Be Purchased | ||||||||||
Period | Purchased** | per Share** | Announced Plan* | Under the Plan* | |||||||||
October 1-31, 2006 | 60,379 | $ | 21.91 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||
November 1-30, 2006 | 120,300 | $ | 20.87 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||
December 1-31, 2006 | 54,416 | $ | 21.06 | 0 | $ | 0 | |||||||
Total | 235,095 | $ | 21.18 | 0 | $ | 0 |
* | During the quarter ended December 31, 2006, we did not have a publicly announced program for repurchase of shares of our common stock. We did not repurchase our common stock in open-market transactions outside of such a program. | |
** | This column reflects the following transactions during the fiscal fourth quarter of 2006: (i) the deemed surrender to us of 225,220 shares of common stock to pay the exercise price and to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the exercise of employee stock options, and (ii) the surrender to us of 9,875 shares of common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock issued to employees. |
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Unaudited)
(In millions, except per share amounts and number of employees)
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||||||
Results of Operations | |||||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 5,174 | $ | 4,579 | $ | 3,854 | $ | 3,090 | $ | 3,164 | |||||||
Research, development and engineering | |||||||||||||||||
expenses | $ | 517 | $ | 443 | $ | 355 | $ | 344 | $ | 483 | |||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of | |||||||||||||||||
impairments | $ | 960 | $ | 611 | $ | 454 | $ | 216 | $ | 116 | |||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,251 | ) | $ | (280 | ) | $ | (1,780 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | 20 | 478 | |||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,231 | ) | $ | (280 | ) | $ | (1,302 | ) | ||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from: | |||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.40 | $ | (1.62 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (1.85 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations | 0.01 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.40 | $ | (1.61 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (1.39 | ) | ||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from: | |||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.38 | $ | (1.62 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (1.85 | ) | ||||
Discontinued operations | 0.01 | 0.46 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.38 | $ | (1.61 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | (1.39 | ) | ||||
Shares used in computing per share amounts: | |||||||||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | 1,550 | 1,464 | 1,386 | 1,274 | 1,030 | ||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | 1,594 | 1,535 | 1,386 | 1,274 | 1,030 | ||||||||||||
Financial Position | |||||||||||||||||
Working capital | $ | 2,479 | $ | 1,490 | $ | 804 | $ | 1,077 | $ | 2,145 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 13,065 | $ | 11,207 | $ | 9,736 | $ | 10,816 | $ | 11,406 | |||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,696 | $ | 1,789 | $ | 2,214 | $ | 2,668 | $ | 3,963 | |||||||
Shareholders equity | $ | 7,246 | $ | 5,487 | $ | 3,701 | $ | 5,411 | $ | 4,691 | |||||||
Selected Data | |||||||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | $ | 1,182 | $ | 1,553 | $ | 857 | $ | 366 | $ | 357 | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 591 | $ | 512 | $ | 523 | $ | 517 | $ | 661 | |||||||
Number of employees (1) | 24,500 | 26,000 | 24,700 | 20,600 | 23,200 |
Reference should be made to the Notes to consolidated financial statements and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
(1) | Amounts do not include employees of discontinued operations. |
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Our key priorities for 2006 remained unchanged from the previous two years: protect our financial health, improve our profitability, and invest in the future. We made significant progress on all three in 2006.
Financial Health
In 2006, our balance sheet remained strong and we delivered positive cash flows from operating activities. Significant activities in 2006 included the following:
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| We redeemed $119 million of our 6.25% Euro notes, due in 2010; | ||
| We repurchased $96 million of our 6.3% notes due in 2009; and | ||
| We redeemed $125 million of our 8.3% medium-term notes due in 2025. |
We ended 2006 with $3.2 billion in cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. This represents an increase of $733 million from December 31, 2005.
In November 2006, we amended our revolving credit facility so that it now provides us access to a $1.1 billion unsecured multi-currency revolving line of credit through March 2011. We believe we have sufficient liquidity for the next several years to fund operations, capital expenditures and scheduled debt repayments.
Profitability
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we generated net income of $1,855 million or $1.16 per share compared to net income of $585 million or $0.38 per share for 2005.
We recorded restructuring, impairment, and other charges and credits in the past three years which affect the comparability of those years. Refer to Note 3 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)), Note 7 (Income Taxes), and Note 8 (Investments) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Investing in our future
We remain committed to investing in research, development, and engineering to drive innovation. We are investing in a wide variety of technologies with a focus on glass substrates for active matrix LCDs, diesel filters and substrates in response to tightening emissions control standards, and the optical fiber and cable and hardware and equipment that will enable fiber-to-the-premises.
Our research, development and engineering expenditures have increased by $74 million or 17% compared to 2005. We believe our spending levels are adequate to support our growth strategies.
We also remain committed to investing in manufacturing capacity to match increased demand in our businesses. Our capital expenditures are primarily focused on expanding manufacturing capacity for LCD glass substrates in the Display Technologies segment and diesel products in the Environmental Technologies segment. Total capital expenditures for 2006 were $1,182 million, of which $829 million was directed toward our Display Technologies segment and $146 million was invested in our Environmental Technologies segment primarily in anticipation of the emerging market for diesel emission control systems.
We expect our 2007 capital spending to be in the range of $1.1 billion to $1.2 billion, of which approximately $700 million will be directed toward our Display Technologies segment and approximately $100 million will be directed toward our Environmental Technologies segment.
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RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS
Selected highlights from our continuing operations follow (dollars in millions):
% Change | ||||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | ||||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 5,174 | $ | 4,579 | $ | 3,854 | 13 | 19 | ||||||||||
Gross margin | $ | 2,283 | $ | 1,984 | $ | 1,415 | 15 | 40 | ||||||||||
(gross margin %) | 44% | 43% | 37% | |||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 857 | $ | 756 | $ | 653 | 13 | 16 | ||||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 17% | 17% | 17% | |||||||||||||||
Research, development and engineering expenses | $ | 517 | $ | 443 | $ | 355 | 17 | 25 | ||||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 10% | 10% | 9% | |||||||||||||||
Restructuring, impairment and other charges | ||||||||||||||||||
and (credits) | $ | 54 | $ | (38 | ) | $ | 1,789 | (242 | ) | (102 | ) | |||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 1% | (1)% | 46% | |||||||||||||||
Asbestos settlement | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 218 | $ | 65 | (101 | ) | 235 | ||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 0% | 5% | 2% | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before | ||||||||||||||||||
income taxes | $ | 961 | $ | 559 | $ | (1,604 | ) | 72 | (135 | ) | ||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 19% | 12% | (42)% | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | (55 | ) | $ | (578 | ) | $ | (1,084 | ) | (90 | ) | (47 | ) | |||||
(as a % of revenues) | (1)% | (13)% | (28)% | |||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net | ||||||||||||||||||
of impairments | $ | 960 | $ | 611 | $ | 454 | 57 | 35 | ||||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 19% | 13% | 12% | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,251 | ) | 217 | (126 | ) | ||||||||
(as a % of revenues) | 36% | 13% | (58)% |
Net Sales
The net sales increase in 2006 compared to 2005 was the result of increased demand for LCD glass substrates in our Display Technologies segment and year-over-year increased volume in the Telecommunications segment. Net sales for all other segments were comparable to the prior year. Movements in foreign exchange rates negatively impacted 2006 net sales by approximately $125 million (or 3%) when compared with 2005.
The net sales increase in 2005 compared to 2004 was the result of a significant increase in demand for LCD glass substrates in our Display Technologies segment. Modest gains in demand for products in our Telecommunications segment to support fiber-to-the-premises projects and in our Environmental Technologies segment also contributed to the sales increase. The impact of movements in foreign exchange rates on 2005 net sales was less than 1% when compared with net sales in 2004.
Reflecting the growth in our Display Technologies segment, net sales into international markets continued to surpass those into the U.S. market. For 2006, 2005, and 2004, sales into international markets accounted for 71%, 71%, and 65% of net sales, respectively.
Cost of Sales
The types of expenses included in the cost of sales line item are: raw materials consumption, including direct and indirect materials; salaries, wages and benefits; depreciation and amortization; production utilities; production-related purchasing; warehousing (including receiving and inspection); repairs and maintenance; inter-location inventory transfer costs; production and warehousing facility property insurance; rent for production facilities; and other production overhead.
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Gross Margin
As a percentage of net sales, 2006 gross margin was up slightly from 2005 driven primarily by our Display Technologies segment. Gross margins for this segment were essentially even with 2005 reflecting the negative impact of price declines offset by higher volumes and cost reductions. Display Technologies segment sales increased from 38% of total Cornings sales in 2005 to 41% of Cornings sales in 2006. As Display Technologies has a higher gross margin than our consolidated gross margin, the added concentration in Display Technologies in 2006 caused Cornings gross margin percentage to increase from 43% in 2005 to 44% in 2006.
For 2005, as a percentage of net sales, gross margin improved 6 percentage points versus 2004. The improvement was driven by increased volume, improved mix of large generation glass and manufacturing efficiencies in our Display Technologies segment.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses for 2006 compared to 2005, in dollars, was primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation expense as a result of the Companys adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004) Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), effective January 1, 2006. The increase in spending in 2005 compared to 2004 was primarily driven by increases in compensation costs. As a percent of net sales, selling, general, and administrative expenses were comparable for all periods presented.
The types of expenses included in the selling, general and administrative expenses line item are: salaries, wages and benefits; travel; sales commissions; professional fees; and depreciation and amortization, utilities, and rent for administrative facilities.
Share-Based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for share-based awards granted under the Companys stock compensation programs using the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123). Under the intrinsic value method, no share-based compensation cost related to stock options had been recognized in the Companys consolidated statements of operations, because the exercise price was at least equal to the market value of the common stock on the grant date. As a result, the recognition of share-based compensation cost was generally limited to the expense attributed to restricted stock awards, and stock option modifications. As permitted under SFAS 123, the Company reported pro-forma disclosures presenting results and earnings per share as if we had used the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 in the notes to the Companys consolidated financial statements.
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective application method. Under the modified prospective application method, compensation cost recognized in 2006 includes: (a) compensation cost for all share-based awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of January 1, 2006 based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the original provisions of SFAS 123, and (b) compensation cost for all share-based awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123(R). Compensation cost is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. In accordance with the modified prospective application method, results for prior periods have not been restated. The adoption of SFAS 123(R) resulted in a decrease of $0.05 in basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2006. See Note 18 (Share-based Compensation) to the consolidated financial statements for further detail on the impact of SFAS 123(R).
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Research, Development, and Engineering Expenses
Research, development and engineering expenditures increased by $74 million in 2006 when compared to 2005, but remained consistent as a percentage of net sales. Expenditures in 2006 were focused on our Display Technologies, Environmental Technologies and Telecommunications segments as we looked to capitalize on market opportunities in those segments. Expenses in 2006 also included costs associated with exploratory projects to support future growth. Expenditures increased in 2005 when compared to 2004, due to increased spending to support growth initiatives including glass substrates for LCDs, diesel filter and substrates in response to tightening emissions control standards, as well as exploratory projects.
Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)
Corning recorded significant net charges in 2004 which affect the comparability of our results for 2006, 2005, and 2004. A summary of the net charges and credits for all years presented is provided in the following table (in millions):
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill | $ | 1,420 | ||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill | ||||||||||||
Assets to be disposed of by sale or abandonment | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 6 | 302 | ||||||
Assets to be held and used | 50 |
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||||||||||
Reversal of currency translation adjustment | (84 | ) | ||||||||||
Accelerated depreciation | 37 | |||||||||||
Loss on sale of businesses | 12 | |||||||||||
Impairment of available-for-sale securities | 25 | |||||||||||
Restructuring charges and (credits) | 6 | 15 | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Total restructuring, impairment other charges and (credits) | $ | 54 | $ | (38 | ) | $ | 1,789 |
Impairment of Goodwill
2004 Impairment Charge
Pursuant to SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, (SFAS 142) goodwill is required to be tested for impairment annually at the reporting unit level. In addition, goodwill should be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its related carrying value. In the third quarter of 2004, we identified certain factors that caused us to lower our estimates and projections for the long-term revenue growth of the Telecommunications segment, which indicated that the fair value of the Telecommunications segment reporting unit was less than its carrying value. We performed an interim impairment test of the Telecommunications segment goodwill in the third quarter of 2004 and, as a result, recorded an impairment charge of $1,420 million to reduce the carrying value of goodwill to its implied fair value at September 30, 2004 of $117 million.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Other Than Goodwill
Given our restructuring actions and the market conditions facing certain of our businesses, at various times throughout 2004 to 2006, we performed evaluations of the recoverability of our held for use long-lived assets other than goodwill. When an impairment evaluation was required, we developed expected future cash flows against which to compare the carrying value of the asset group being evaluated. If our projections indicated that our long lived assets were not recoverable through future cash flows, we were then required to estimate the fair value of the long-lived assets, limited to property, plant and equipment, using the expected cash flow approach as a measure of fair value.
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2006 Impairment Charge
Assets to be held and used
In 2006, we recorded an asset held for use impairment charge of $44 million to impair certain long-lived assets of our Telecommunications segment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144). Due to our lowered long-term outlook for this business, we determined that an event of impairment, as defined by SFAS 144, had occurred in that business, which further required us to test this asset group for impairment. We assess recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We estimated the fair value of the long-lived assets for this business using a discounted expected cash flow approach as a measure of fair value. As a result of our impairment evaluation, we recorded an impairment charge to write-down the asset group to its estimated fair value.
2004 Impairment Charge
Assets to be disposed of by sale or abandonment
These charges comprise the following:
Assets to be held and used
In 2004, due to our decision to permanently abandon certain assets and lower our long-term outlook for the Telecommunications segment in 2004, we determined that an event of impairment had occurred in our Telecommunications segment which required us to test the segments long-lived assets other than goodwill for impairment. As a result of this impairment evaluation, we recorded a $24 million impairment charge in the third quarter of 2004 to write-down certain assets to fair value.
Other Credits
2005 Reversal of Currency Translation Adjustment
In 2003, Corning sold its photonic business operations to Avanex. The photonics business was the sole operation of Corning O.T.I. S.r.l. (OTI), a wholly-owned Italian subsidiary of Corning, whose results were included in Cornings Telecommunications segment. Subsequent to the sale of the operating assets of OTI to Avanex, Corning began liquidating OTI. In October 2005, the assets of OTI were determined to be substantially liquidated. As a result of the substantial liquidation, OTIs cumulative translation account was reversed, resulting in a gain of $84 million in the fourth quarter.
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Accelerated Depreciation
2004 Accelerated Depreciation
We recorded $37 million of accelerated depreciation relating to the final shutdown of our semiconductor materials manufacturing facility in Charleston, South Carolina, which we announced in the fourth quarter of 2003.
Loss on Sale of Businesses
2004 Loss on Sale of Business
On September 1, 2004 we completed the sale of our frequency controls business, which was part of the Telecommunications segment, for net cash proceeds of $80 million. We recorded a loss on the sale of $14 million, which included an allocation of $30 million of the Telecommunications segment goodwill.
Impairment of Available for Sale Securities
2005 Impairment Charge
In 2005, we recorded impairment charges of $25 million for an other than temporary decline in the fair value of our investment in Avanex Corporation (Avanex) below its adjusted cost basis. Our investment in Avanex was accounted for as an available-for-sale security under SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS 115). In the fourth quarter of 2005, we completed the sale of our shares of Avanex.
Restructuring Actions
2005 Restructuring Actions
Corning recorded net restructuring charges of $15 million in 2005 which included the following:
Legal Settlement - Asbestos
On March 28, 2003, we announced that we had reached agreement with the representatives of current and future asbestos claimants on a settlement arrangement that was thereafter incorporated into the Pittsburgh Corning Corporation (PCC) plan of reorganization (the PCC Plan). This settlement remains subject to a number of contingencies, including approval by the Bankruptcy Court. If the PCC Plan is approved and becomes effective, our settlement will require Corning to relinquish its equity interest in PCC, contribute its equity interest in Pittsburgh Corning Europe N.V. (PCE), and contribute 25 million shares of Corning common stock. The common stock and other components of the settlement will be marked-to-market each quarter until the PCC Plan is approved, thus resulting in adjustments to income and the settlement liability as appropriate. Corning will also make cash payments of $140 million (net present value of $131 million at March 2003) in six installments
beginning one year after the plan is effective. In addition, we will assign insurance policy proceeds from our primary insurance and a portion of our excess insurance as part of the settlement. Two of Cornings primary insurers and several excess insurers have commenced litigation for a declaration of the rights and obligations of the parties under insurance policies, including rights that may be affected by the settlement arrangement described above. Corning is vigorously contesting these cases. Management is unable to predict the outcome of this insurance litigation.
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The PCC Plan received a favorable vote from creditors in March 2004. Hearings to consider objections to the PCC Plan were held in the Bankruptcy Court in May 2004. In February 2006, the Bankruptcy Court requested that the PCC Plan proponents delete references to Section 105(a) of the Bankruptcy Code and resubmit the PCC Plan. The final round of oral argument was held on July 21, 2006. On December 21, 2006, the Bankruptcy Court issued an order denying confirmation of the PCC Plan for reasons set out in a memorandum opinion. Several parties, including Corning, have filed motions for reconsideration, which are scheduled for a hearing before the Bankruptcy Court on March 5, 2007. If the Bankruptcy Court does not approve the PCC Plan in its current form, changes to the PCC Plan are probable as it is likely that the Court will allow the proponents time to propose amendments. The outcome of these proceedings is uncertain, and confirmation of the current Plan or any amended Plan is subject to a number of contingencies. However, apart from the quarterly mark-to-market adjustment in the value of the 25 million shares of Corning stock, management believes that the likelihood of a material adverse impact to Cornings financial statements is remote.
The following summarizes the charges and gains we have recorded for the asbestos settlement (in millions):
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | |||||||||
Initial settlement charge | $ | 392 | ||||||||||
Fair market value adjustment for other components | $ | 22 | $ | 21 | $ | 32 | 28 | |||||
Mark-to-market common stock | (24 | ) | 197 | 33 | 115 | |||||||
Asbestos settlement | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 218 | $ | 65 | $ | 535 |
See Legal Proceedings for additional information about this matter.
Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
In addition to the items identified under Gross Margin, Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits) and Asbestos Settlement, we retired a significant amount of our outstanding debentures during 2006, 2005 and 2004, that resulted in losses of $11 million, $16 million, and $36 million, respectively.
Movements in currency exchange rates negatively impacted income (loss) from continuing operations in 2006 and 2005 when compared to the respective previous years.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes and the related effective income tax (benefit) rates were as follows (in millions):
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 55 | $ | 578 | $ | 1,084 | ||||||
Effective income tax rate | 5.7 | % | 103.4 | % | 67.6 | % |
The effective income tax rate for 2006 differed from the U.S. statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the following items:
In 2004 and 2005 we recorded valuation allowances against our entire U.S. deferred tax assets because we incurred significant losses in the U.S. in recent years. As a result, our tax provision in these years has included only the net tax expense attributable to certain foreign operations. While we did generate income from continuing operations in the U.S. in 2006, such income was largely offset by tax adjustments not reflected in our continuing operations. In the absence of an appropriate level of overall profitability in the U.S., we did not record tax expense on income from continuing operations in the U.S. in 2006, resulting in a reduction in our effective tax rate of 14.2%.
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In 2004, we also recorded valuation allowances against most of our foreign deferred tax assets. In 2006, due to sustained profitability and positive earnings projections in both Australia and at certain of our German operations, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the underlying tax benefits are realizable and released valuation allowances, resulting in a reduction in our effective tax rate of 8.7%.
Certain foreign subsidiaries in China, South Africa and Taiwan are operating under tax holiday arrangements. The nature and extent of such arrangements vary, and the benefits of such arrangements phase out in years (2006 to 2010) according to the specific terms and schedules of the relevant taxing jurisdictions. The impact of the tax holidays on our effective rate is a reduction in the rate of 10.1%, 8.9%, and 1.2% for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively.
In addition to the aforementioned benefit of tax holidays, the effective income tax rate for:
In 2004, significant events occurred which required us to increase our valuation allowances against certain U.S. and German deferred tax assets resulting in an increase in our effective tax rate of 78.9%. Refer to Note 3 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)) for additional information on these events and the related charges. At that time, we believed that it was more likely than not that we could realize the remaining net U.S. deferred tax assets of approximately $525 million through a tax planning strategy involving the sale of our investment in Dow Corning, a non-strategic appreciated asset, if we were faced with expiring net operating loss carryforwards.
During 2005, Dow Cornings performance was much stronger than expected and Dow Corning resumed paying a dividend; both of which are expected to continue in the future. Due to this improved performance, we concluded that Dow Corning provides strong financial, geographic and market balance to Cornings portfolio of businesses, the profitability of which has become more concentrated due to the success of the display operating segment. As a result, we considered Dow Corning to be a strategic investment and could no longer assert that a potential tax planning strategy involving the sale of Dow Corning would be prudent, as required by SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes (SFAS 109). Therefore, we no longer believed, in the fourth quarter of 2005, that it was more likely than not that we would realize the remaining net deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we increased our valuation allowance by $525 million to fully reserve our net U.S. deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2005, which increased our effective tax rate by 94%.
During the third quarter of 2005, Corning filed its 2004 consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return, which included a $3.9 billion worthless stock deduction for the loss on our investment in the photonic technologies business associated with the Pirelli acquisition. This acquisition was completed in December 2000 and was substantially impaired in the second quarter of 2001. Prior to the third quarter of 2005, we did not record a deferred tax asset for this item as the ultimate realization of such deduction was uncertain, and consistent with the requirements of SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, recognition of an asset prior to the time management determines the realization of the asset is probable is prohibited. On September 2, 2005, Corning and the Commissioner of the IRS entered into a closing agreement under section 7121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which provides that Corning is entitled to this worthless stock deduction. We recorded a $1.5 billion deferred tax asset for this item in the third quarter, which was concurrently offset by a valuation allowance of an equal amount due to our inability to record tax benefits for U.S. net operating losses. The net result had no impact of our effective tax rate for 2005.
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Equity in Earnings of Affiliated Companies, Net of Impairments
The following provides a summary of equity earnings of affiliated companies, net of impairments (in millions):
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||
Samsung Corning Precision | $ | 555 | $ | 408 | $ | 277 | ||||
Dow Corning | 334 | 253 | 116 | |||||||
Samsung Corning | (112 | ) | 32 | |||||||
All other | 71 | 62 | 29 | |||||||
Total equity earnings | $ | 960 | $ | 611 | $ | 454 |
The 2006 and 2005 increases in equity earnings of affiliated companies, net of impairments, are primarily due to strong sales and earnings performance at Samsung Corning Precision and at Dow Corning.
In addition to the above, equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of impairments, included the following restructuring and impairment charges and other credits:
In 2003, 2005, and 2006, Samsung Corning recorded significant fixed asset and other impairment charges. As the conventional television glass market will be negatively impacted by strong growth in the LCD glass market, it is reasonably possible that Samsung Corning may incur additional restructuring or impairment charges or operating losses in the foreseeable future. Samsung Corning is currently investing in several developing businesses which Samsung Corning management believes will offset the decline in conventional television glass market over time. Should these new businesses not achieve expected results, additional operating losses, asset impairments and restructuring charges are likely to occur and Samsung Cornings long-term financial viability may come into question. These events could result in Corning incurring an impairment of its investment in Samsung Corning. Corning management believes it is more likely than not that an impairment of our investment will occur in the foreseeable future. Cornings investment in Samsung Corning was $254 million at December 31, 2006.
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Income (Loss) From Continuing Operations
As a result of the items discussed above, the income (loss) from continuing operations and per share data was as follows (in millions, except per share amounts):
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,251 | ) | |||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share from continuing operations | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.40 | $ | (1.62 | ) | |||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share from continuing | ||||||||||
operations | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.38 | $ | (1.62 | ) | |||
Shares used in computing basic per share amounts | 1,550 | 1,464 | 1,386 | |||||||
Shares used in computing diluted per share amounts | 1,594 | 1,535 | 1,386 |
RESULTS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In the third quarter of 2004, Corning and 3M reached a final settlement agreement for funds held in escrow associated with the 2002 sale of Cornings precision lens business to 3M. As a result, we recognized a $20 million gain upon receipt of the proceeds in 2004.
OPERATING SEGMENTS
Our reportable operating segments include Display Technologies, Telecommunications, Environmental Technologies, and Life Sciences. The Environmental Technologies reportable segment is an aggregation of our Automotive and Diesel operating segments, as these two segments share similar economic characteristics, products, customer types, production processes and distribution methods. The following provides a brief description of the products and markets served by each reportable segment:
We prepared the financial results for our reportable segments on a basis that is consistent with the manner in which we internally disaggregate financial information to assist in making internal operating decisions. We include the earnings of equity affiliates that are closely associated with our operating segments in the respective segments net income. We have allocated certain common expenses among segments differently than we would for stand-alone financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. These expenses include interest, taxes and corporate functions. Segment net income may not be consistent with measures used by other companies. The accounting policies of our reportable segments are the same as those applied in the consolidated financial statements.
On January 1, 2006, Corning changed its measurement of segment profit or loss as follows:
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The following discussion reflects segment information that has been revised to reflect the changes to segment performance measurement as described above.
Display Technologies
The following table provides net sales and other data for the Display Technologies segment (dollars in millions):
% Change | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | |||||||||
Net sales | $ | 2,133 | $ | 1,742 | $ | 1,113 | 22 | 57 | |||||
Income before equity earnings | $ | 1,052 | $ | 823 | $ | 429 | 28 | 92 | |||||
Equity earnings of affiliated companies | $ | 565 | $ | 416 | $ | 288 | 36 | 44 | |||||
Net income | $ | 1,617 | $ | 1,239 | $ | 717 | 31 | 73 |
2006 vs. 2005
The net sales increase for 2006 continues to reflect overall LCD glass market growth. During 2006, glass substrate volumes (measured in square feet of glass sold) increased 52% compared with 2005, driven by increased LCD monitor and TV market penetration, demand for larger-size substrates (generation 5 and above), and continued strong demand for glass for notebook computers. Sales of large-size glass substrates, which carry a slightly higher selling price per square foot, accounted for 82% of 2006 sales volumes compared to 69% in 2005. The growth in volume was partially offset by declines in weighted average selling prices of approximately 16%. Sales of the Display Technologies segment are denominated primarily in the Japanese yen. Movements in the U.S. dollar Japanese yen exchange rate negatively impacted 2006 sales by approximately $122 million (or 7%) when compared with 2005.
In the second quarter of 2006, the Display Technologies segment reported its first quarterly sequential decline in volume since the third quarter of 2001. The lower volume was the result of a number of our customers, primarily in Taiwan, idling part of their facilities and thus reducing their demand for glass, as a result of a build-up of panel inventory in the supply chain. In comparison to the second quarter of 2006, both volume and sales increased in the third quarter of 2006. As expected, our customers reduced their inventories and began ramping up LCD panel production to meet seasonally stronger demand expected in the fourth quarter.
For 2006, the increase in income before equity earnings was primarily the result of higher volumes as described above and manufacturing cost reductions, offset somewhat by lower prices and the impact of exchange rates. Movements in currency exchange rates negatively impacted 2006 income before equity earnings by approximately 5% when compared with 2005.
The increase in our equity earnings, primarily from Samsung Corning Precision, was largely driven by the same market factors identified for our wholly owned business except that the impact of the panel maker inventory build in Korea in the second quarter of 2006 was not as significant. In 2006, Samsung Corning Precisions earnings were negatively impacted by approximately 8% from movements in exchange rates compared to 2005. Equity earnings from Samsung Corning Precision are susceptible to movements in the U.S. dollarJapanese yen and U.S. dollarKorean won exchange rates.
The Display Technologies segment has a concentrated customer base comprised of LCD panel and color filter makers primarily located in Japan and Taiwan. On October 1, 2006, AU Optronics Corporation (AUO), a customer of the Display Technologies segment, completed its previously announced merger with Quanta Display Inc. (QDI), another customer of Cornings Display Technologies segment. In addition, through two subsequent transactions, AUO now holds a 49% equity stake in Toppan CFI, a subsidiary of Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., also a customer of the Display Technologies segment. As a result of these transactions, AUO, QDI, and Toppan CFI are considered to be a single customer reported as AUO. For 2006, AUO (including QDI and Toppan CFI), Chi Mei Optoelectronics Corporation, and Sharp Corporation, which individually accounted for more than 10% of segment net sales, accounted for 64% of total segment sales when combined.
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In addition, Samsung Corning Precisions sales are concentrated across a small number of its customers. In 2006, sales to two LCD panel makers located in Korea, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and LG Phillips LCD Co., Ltd. accounted for approximately 92% of total Samsung Corning Precision sales.
In 2005 and 2004, Corning and several customers entered into long-term purchase and supply agreements in which the Display Technologies segment agreed to supply large-size glass substrates to the customers over periods of up to six years. As part of the agreements, these customers agreed to make advance cash deposits to Corning for a portion of the contracted glass to be purchased. In 2006, Corning received $171 million of customer deposits and issued $126 million in credit memoranda. Refer to Note 11 (Other Liabilities) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
In the event the customers do not make all customer deposit installment payments or elect not to purchase the agreed upon quantities of product, subject to specific conditions outlined in the agreements, Corning may retain certain amounts of the customer deposits. If Corning does not deliver agreed upon product quantities, subject to specific conditions outlined in the agreements, Corning may be required to return certain amounts of the customer deposits. In the ordinary course of business, Corning will continue to negotiate multi-year supply agreements with its large customers where feasible but we believe it is unlikely that we will negotiate agreements that require additional deposits.
Corning is investing heavily to expand capacity to meet increasing demand for LCD glass substrates. In 2006, capital spending was $829 million and is expected to be approximately $700 million in 2007. Capital spending in 2007 will be used primarily to expand manufacturing facilities in Taichung, Taiwan and Shizuoka, Japan.
2005 vs. 2004
The 2005 sales increase reflected the overall growth of the LCD glass substrate market. During 2005, glass substrate volumes increased approximately 64% compared with 2004. For 2005, large-size glass substrates accounted for 69% of total sales volumes, compared to 46% in 2004. Movements in the U.S. dollar Japanese yen exchange rate did not have a significant impact on the comparability of sales.
For 2005, the key drivers for the increase in income before equity earnings were higher volumes, ongoing improvements in manufacturing efficiencies, and a lower effective tax rate. Movements in currency exchange rates did not have a significant impact on income before equity earnings. The increase in our equity earnings from Samsung Corning Precision was largely driven by higher volumes and ongoing improvements in manufacturing efficiencies.
Outlook:
We expect to see a continuation of the overall industry growth and the trend toward large size substrates driven by increased end market demand for LCD televisions. We anticipate the volume growth in the LCD glass market to be in the mid-30% range in 2007. The expected market volume growth, measured in square feet, for the year should be equal to or greater than the volume growth in the market in 2006. Cornings LCD glass volume is expected to grow at the upper end of this range, while Samsung Corning Precisions volume growth may be slightly lower. Growth rates by region for the industry generally, and thus for Cornings wholly owned business and Samsung Corning Precision, may be different based on market dynamics.
We believe prices will decline in 2007 but not to the extent that we experienced in 2006. We also expect to be able to reduce our manufacturing costs to address the impact of price declines. We expect price declines of 1-2% in the first quarter of 2007 when compared to the fourth quarter of 2006.
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As glass for LCD television becomes a higher percentage of total LCD glass demand, we anticipate that our business will become more seasonal. We currently anticipate that glass volume will decline 10-15% in the first quarter from the seasonally strong fourth quarter of 2006 and that sales and earnings in this segment will be more concentrated in the second half of 2007 than in prior years.
Although we believe that end market demand for LCD televisions, monitors and notebooks remains strong, we are cautious about the potential negative impact that economic conditions and political tensions could have on consumer demand. There is no assurance that the end-market rates of growth will continue at the rates experienced in recent years, that we will be able to pace our capacity expansions to actual demand, or that the rate of cost declines will offset price declines in any given period. While the industry has grown rapidly, consumer preferences for panels of differing sizes; prices; or other factors may lead to pauses in market growth. Therefore, it is possible that glass manufacturing capacity may exceed demand from time to time. In addition, changes in foreign exchange rates, principally the Japanese yen, will continue to impact the sales and profitability of this segment.
Telecommunications
The following table provides net sales and other data for the Telecommunications segment (dollars in millions):
% Change | ||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | ||||||||||||
Net sales: | ||||||||||||||||
Optical fiber and cable | $ | 877 | $ | 834 | $ | 755 | 5 | 10 | ||||||||
Hardware and equipment | 852 | 789 | 784 | 8 | 1 | |||||||||||
Total net sales | $ | 1,729 | $ | 1,623 | $ | 1,539 | 7 | 5 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 7 | $ | 68 | $ | (1,874 | ) | (90 | ) | (104 | ) |
2006 vs. 2005
Increases in Telecommunications segment net sales were driven by improved sales in North America, Europe and China. The increase was driven by a broader recovery in the Telecommunications industry, including greater deployment of fiber-to-the premises products and growth in the private network market. The volume increase was offset somewhat by continued price declines when compared to 2005. Movements in foreign exchange rates which can affect this segments net sales, primarily the Euro and Japanese yen, did not have a significant impact on sales in 2006 when compared to the previous year.
Effective April 1, 2006, ACS, an equity company affiliate, assumed responsibility for optical cable and hardware and equipment sales in Japan. As a result, sales in 2006 were negatively impacted as ACS, which is accounted for under the equity method, began to sell into the Japanese market. Sales of optical cable and hardware and equipment in Japan, which are now recorded by an equity affiliate, were $75 million in 2005 and $23 million in the first quarter of 2006.
In 2006, we recorded an asset held for use impairment charge of $44 million to impair certain long-lived assets of our cabling business in accordance with SFAS 144. Due to our lowered long-term outlook for this business, we determined that an event of impairment, as defined by SFAS 144, had occurred, which further required us to test this asset group for impairment. We assess recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We estimated the fair value of the long-lived assets for this business using the expected cash flows discounted cash flow approach as a measure of fair value associated with these assets. As a result of our impairment evaluation, we recorded an impairment charge to write-down the asset group to its estimated fair value.
For the Telecommunications segment, net income in 2006 and 2005 was impacted by restructuring, impairment, and other charges and credits. In 2006, we recorded an after-tax impairment charge of $44 million, described above. In 2005, we recorded net after-tax credits of $47 million. Refer to Results of Continuing Operations for a discussion of these charges. The decline in net income for this segment in 2006 when compared to 2005 was primarily the result of the 2006 impairment charge described above and the absence of net after-tax credits of $47 million that were recorded in 2005. Movements in exchange rates did not significantly impact the results for this operating segment.
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The Telecommunications segment has a concentrated customer base. In 2006, two customers of the Telecommunications segment, which individually accounted for more than 10% of total segment net sales, accounted for 25% of total segment sales when combined.
2005 vs. 2004
Results for the Telecommunications segment reflected a solid performance in 2005. The net sales increase was largely driven by sales in North America and Europe. Excluding the impact of the frequency controls business, a hardware and equipment manufacturer sold in September 2004, net sales for the Telecommunications segment increased 10% in 2005 when compared to the previous year. Movements in exchange rates did not significantly impact sales for either 2005 or 2004.
For the Telecommunications segment, net income in 2005 and the net loss in 2004 were impacted by restructuring, impairment, and other charges and credits. In 2005, we recorded net after-tax credits of $47 million related to these items and in 2004, we recorded after-tax charges of $1,798 million. Refer to Results of Continuing Operations for a detailed discussion of these charges.
Outlook:
For the Telecommunications segment, we expect sales and earnings to increase in 2007, reflecting a broader-based increase in demand than in the last two years. However, sales will still be impacted by the seasonal buying patterns of our largest customer. Changes in our customers expected deployment plan, or additional reductions in their inventory levels of fiber-to-the-premises products, could also affect the sales level. Should these plans not occur at the pace anticipated, our sales and earnings would be adversely affected.
Environmental Technologies
The following table provides net sales and other data for the Environmental Technologies segment (dollars in millions):
% Change | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | |||||||||||
Net sales: | |||||||||||||||
Automotive | $ | 451 | $ | 482 | $ | 479 | (6 | ) | 1 | ||||||
Diesel | 164 | 98 | 69 | 67 | 42 | ||||||||||
Total net sales | $ | 615 | $ | 580 | $ | 548 | 6 | 6 | |||||||
Net income | $ | 7 | $ | 15 | $ | 21 | (53 | ) | (29 | ) |
2006 vs. 2005
Sales of this segment in 2006 were somewhat higher than last year due to improvements in Diesel products sales, primarily for light-duty diesel vehicle applications. However, we also experienced a decline in automotive product sales due to lower volumes. As end customers shift demand toward smaller, more energy efficient vehicles, demand for larger automobiles has declined. This shift in demand has caused our automotive substrate volumes to decline because our market share is relatively higher for manufacturers of larger vehicles. In addition, volumes have been negatively impacted because smaller vehicles require proportionately smaller substrates. Movements in exchange rates did not have a significant impact on sales for this segment.
The decrease in net income in 2006 versus 2005 was due primarily to increased research, development, and engineering spending in preparation for the growth in sales of heavy duty and light duty diesel products.
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2005 vs. 2004
The 2005 increase in net sales was the result of continued growth in diesel products sales. For automotive products, sales in 2005 were flat when compared to prior year. The 2005 decrease in net income compared to 2004 resulted primarily from increased operating expenses primarily to support our emerging diesel products. Movements in exchange rates did not significantly impact net sales or net income of this segment in 2005 when compared to 2004.
The Environmental Technologies segment sells to a concentrated customer base of manufacturers of catalyzers and emission control systems, who then sell to automotive and diesel engine manufacturers. Although our sales are to the emission control systems manufacturers, the use of substrates and filters is generally required by the specifications of the automotive and diesel engine manufacturers. In 2006, three customers of the Environmental Technologies segment, which individually accounted for more than 10% of segment net sales, accounted for 72% of total segment sales.
Outlook:
We expect both sales and earnings improvements in the Environmental Technologies segment in 2007. Automotive substrate sales are expected to remain even with 2006 levels. Diesel products sales are expected to increase more than 60% in 2007 as regulations that require heavy duty diesel filters such as ours to meet tighter emission standards became effective in the U.S. on January 1, 2007. Segment profitability is expected to increase due to higher diesel volumes and manufacturing cost reductions. Changes in automotive production could adversely impact sales and net income of this segment.
Life Sciences
The following table provides net sales and other data for the Life Sciences segment (dollars in millions):
% Change | ||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | ||||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 287 | $ | 282 | $ | 304 | 2 | (7 | ) | |||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (17 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 16 | 325 | (125 | ) |
2006 vs. 2005
Net sales of the Life Sciences segment were up slightly in 2006 when compared to 2005 due to increased prices offset by volume declines in the U.S. Movements in foreign exchange rates did not have a significant impact on the comparability of sales.
The segment continues to operate at a loss due to significant research, development, and engineering spending related to the Epic® System, a high-throughput label-free screening platform based on optical biosensor technology, which had its market launch in 2006. The segment loss also includes $5 million of severance, curtailment, and asset impairment costs related to the shutdown of a facility in the United Kingdom.
In the Life Sciences segment, one customer accounted for approximately 43% of this segments net sales in 2006.
2005 vs. 2004
The decrease in net sales in 2005 when compared to 2004 was due to volume decreases as a result of a change in our distribution channel that was made in early 2005. Prior to 2005, approximately 56% of the Life Sciences segment sales were to two distributors, who in turn sold to end-users such as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, government entities, academic institutions and other research facilities. As a result of a change in business strategy by one of the distributors, Corning did not renew the distribution agreement. Approximately 30% of Life Sciences 2004 sales were made through this distributor. As expected, the change had a negative impact on sales volumes in 2005.
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The net loss in 2005 was due to lower sales and higher operating expenses to implement the change in distribution channels and to support new product development efforts. Movement in foreign exchange rates did not have a significant impact on the comparability of this segments net sales or net income for 2005 and 2004.
Outlook:
Sales for 2007 are expected to increase slightly over 2006. We expect a lower net loss for 2007 as a result of higher sales and the absence of severance and curtailment charges.
Unallocated and Other
The following table provides net sales and other data (dollars in millions):
% Change | ||||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 06 vs. 05 | 05 vs. 04 | ||||||||||||
Other businesses net sales | $ | 410 | $ | 352 | $ | 350 | 16 | 1 | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 47 | $ | (66 | ) | $ | 50 | (171 | ) | (232 | ) |
Unallocated and Other includes all other operating segments that do not meet the quantitative threshold for separate reporting.
Sales in this segment for 2006 were higher than last year due to increased sales in the Specialty Materials business. Net income for 2006 and net loss for 2005 reflected the impact of impairment and other charges and credits recorded by Samsung Corning Co. Ltd. In 2006 and 2005, Cornings share of these items was a credit of $2 million and a charge of $106 million, respectively. Refer to Note 8 (Investments) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Financing Activities
During 2006, we had a number of significant financing transactions as follows:
Refer to Note 12 (Debt) to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
In November 2006, we amended our revolving credit facility so that it now provides us access to a $1.1 billion unsecured multi-currency revolving line of credit through March 2011. The facility includes two financial covenants: a leverage ratio and an interest coverage ratio. At December 31, 2006, we were in compliance with both financial covenants.
Customer Deposits
Certain customers of our Display Technologies segment have entered into long-term supply agreements and agreed to make advance cash deposits to secure supply of large-size glass substrates. The deposits will be reduced through future product purchases, thus reducing operating cash flows in later periods as credits are applied for cash deposits received in earlier periods.
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Customer deposits have been or will be received in the following periods (in millions):
Estimated | ||||||||||||
2005 | 2006 | 2007 | Total | |||||||||
Customer deposits received | $ | 457 | $ | 171 | $ | 105 | $ | 733 |
In 2006 and 2005, we issued $126 million and $29 million, respectively, in credit memoranda. These credit amounts are not included in the above amounts and were applied against customer receivables.
In 2007, we expect to issue credits in the range of $250 million to $300 million.
Capital Spending
Capital spending totaled $1.2 billion, $1.6 billion and $857 million in 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. Capital spending activity in all three years primarily included expansion of LCD glass capacity in the Display Technologies segment and new capacity for diesel products in the Environmental Technologies segment. Our 2007 capital spending program is expected to be in the range of $1.1 billion to $1.2 billion, with approximately $700 million used to expand manufacturing capacity for LCD glass substrates in the Display Technologies segment. Additionally, approximately $100 million will be directed toward our Environmental Technologies segment to support the emerging diesel emissions control products.
Restructuring
During 2006, 2005, and 2004, we made payments of $15 million, $25 million, and $85 million, respectively, related to employee severance and other exit costs resulting from restructuring actions. Cash payments for employee-related costs will be substantially completed by the end of 2007, while payments for exit activities will be substantially completed by the end of 2010.
Key Balance Sheet Data
At December 31, 2006, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled $3.2 billion, compared with $2.4 billion at December 31, 2005. The increase from December 31, 2005, was primarily due to operating cash flows of $1.8 billion.
Balance sheet and working capital measures are provided in the following table (dollars in millions):
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2006 | 2005 | |||||||
Working capital | $ | 2,479 | $ | 1,490 | ||||
Working capital, excluding cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments | $ | (688 | ) | $ | (944 | ) | ||
Current ratio | 2.1:1 | 1.6:1 | ||||||
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowances | $ | 746 | $ | 629 | ||||
Days sales outstanding | 48 | 49 | ||||||
Inventories | $ | 639 | $ | 570 | ||||
Inventory turns | 4.6 | 4.7 | ||||||
Days payable outstanding | 81 | 89 | ||||||
Long-term debt | $ | 1,696 | $ | 1,789 | ||||
Total debt to total capital | 19% | 25% |
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Credit Ratings
As of February 26, 2007, our credit ratings were as follows:
Rating | Outlook | |||
RATING AGENCY | Long-Term Debt | Last Update | ||
Fitch | BBB | Stable | ||
April 26, 2006 | ||||
Standard & Poors | BBB | Stable | ||
April 10, 2006 | ||||
Moodys | Baa2 | Stable | ||
July 17, 2006 |
Management Assessment of Liquidity
Our major source of funding for 2007 and beyond will be our operating cash flow, our existing balances of cash, cash equivalents and short term investments, and proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options. From time to time, we may issue debt securities to refinance debt securities maturing in the next few years. We believe we have sufficient liquidity for the next several years to fund operations, restructuring, the asbestos settlement, research and development, capital expenditures, and scheduled debt repayments. Due to the significant increase in cash, cash equivalents and short term investments over the past few years, during 2007 we will evaluate further reductions in our long-term debt, share repurchases, and dividends.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
Off balance sheet arrangements are transactions, agreements, or other contractual arrangements with an unconsolidated entity for which Corning has an obligation to the entity is not recorded in our consolidated financial statements.
Cornings off balance sheet arrangements include the following:
FIN 45 requires a company, at the time a guarantee is issued, to recognize a liability for the fair value or market value of the obligation it assumes. In the normal course of our business, we do not routinely provide significant third-party guarantees. Generally, third-party guarantees provided by Corning are limited to certain financial guarantees, including stand-by letters of credit and performance bonds, and the incurrence of contingent liabilities in the form of purchase price adjustments related to attainment of milestones. These guarantees have various terms, and none of these guarantees are individually significant.
Refer to Note 14 (Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Corning leases certain transportation equipment from three Trusts that qualify as variable interest entities under FIN 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Revised (FIN 46R). The sole purpose of these entities is to lease transportation equipment to Corning.
For variable interest entities, we assess the terms of our interest in each entity to determine if we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by FIN 46R. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, receives a majority of its expected residual returns, or both, as a result of holding variable interests, which are the ownership, contractual, or other pecuniary interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entitys net assets excluding variable interests.
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Corning is the primary beneficiary of one of the three entities, and as required by FIN 46R the financial statements of the entity are included in Cornings consolidated financial statements. Corning is not the primary beneficiary of two of the three variable interest entities and as such, FIN 46R does not require Corning to include them in its consolidated financial statements.
Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Corning does not have retained interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serve as credit, liquidity or market risk support to that entity.
In the reporting year 2005 and prior to adopting SFAS 123(R), Corning had employee compensation awards (stock options) that were excluded from the balance sheet. SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 133), requires all derivative instruments to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair market value. Paragraph 11(a) of SFAS No. 133provides an exception to this requirement for contracts that are indexed to an entitys own stock and classified in the shareholders equity section of the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, prior to adopting SFAS 123(R), employee stock option awards were excluded from the balance sheet because they met the paragraph 11(a) criteria. In 2006, those options are recorded in the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet. In 2005 and in the first quarter of 2006, we had other non-employee contracts that did not meet the criteria in paragraph 11(a). Those contracts were considered derivative instruments and were accounted for as such in the respective reporting periods.
Contractual Obligations
The amounts of our obligations follow (in millions):
Amount of commitment and contingency | ||||||||||||||||||
expiration per period | ||||||||||||||||||
Less than | 1 to 2 | 2 to 3 | 3 to 4 | 5 years and | ||||||||||||||
Total | 1 year | years | years | years | thereafter | |||||||||||||
Performance bonds and guarantees | $ | 70 | $ | 14 | $ | 5 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 49 | ||||||
Credit facilities for equity companies | 177 | 16 | 161 | |||||||||||||||
Stand-by letters of credit (1) | 73 | 63 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
Loan guarantees | 14 | 1 | 13 | |||||||||||||||
Subtotal of commitment expirations per period | $ | 334 | $ | 78 | $ | 15 | $ | 17 | $ | 1 | $ | 223 | ||||||
Purchase obligations | 161 | 74 | 30 | 26 | 22 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Capital expenditure obligations (2) | 261 | 261 | ||||||||||||||||
Total debt (3) | 1,707 | 20 | 20 | 72 | 297 | 1,298 | ||||||||||||
Minimum rental commitments | 286 | 62 | 66 | 28 | 24 | 106 | ||||||||||||
Interest on long-term debt (4) | 1,390 | 106 | 105 | 103 | 101 | 975 | ||||||||||||
Subtotal of contractual obligation payments due | ||||||||||||||||||
by period | $ | 3,805 | $ | 523 | $ | 221 | $ | 229 | $ | 444 | $ | 2,388 | ||||||
Total commitments and contingencies | $ | 4,139 | $ | 601 | $ | 236 | $ | 246 | $ | 445 | $ | 2,611 |
(1) | At December 31, 2006, $35 million of the $73 million was included in other accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. | |
(2) | Capital expenditure obligations, primarily related to our Display Technologies segment expansions, are included on our balance sheet. | |
(3) | At December 31, 2006, $1,716 million was included on our balance sheet. Amounts above are stated at their maturity value. | |
(4) | The estimate of interest payments assumes interest is paid through the date of maturity/expiration of the related debt, based upon stated rates in the respective debt instruments. |
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We have provided financial guarantees and contingent liabilities in the form of stand-by letters of credit and performance bonds, some of which do not have fixed or scheduled expiration dates. We have agreed to provide a credit facility related to Dow Corning as noted above and discussed in Note 8 (Investments) and Note 14 (Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees) to the consolidated financial statements. The funding of the Dow Corning credit facility will be required only if Dow Corning is not otherwise able to meet its scheduled funding obligations in its confirmed Bankruptcy Plan. We believe the significant majority of these guarantees and contingent liabilities will expire without being funded.
Pensions
We have a number of defined benefit pension plans covering certain domestic and international employees. Our largest single pension plan is Cornings U.S. qualified plan. At December 31, 2006, this plan accounted for 79% of our consolidated defined benefit pension plans projected benefit obligation and 90% of the related plans assets.
At December 31, 2004, the accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) for our domestic qualified and non-qualified plans and several international plans exceeded the fair value of related plan assets, requiring Corning to record an additional minimum pension liability in accordance with SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions (SFAS 87). However, in 2005, due primarily to contributions of Corning stock to the domestic qualified pension plan, the fair value of this plans assets at December 31, 2005 exceeded the ABO and, accordingly, Corning eliminated this plans minimum pension liability.
At December 31, 2006, Corning adopted SFAS 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 requires employers to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in accumulated other comprehensive income in the year in which the changes occur. The impact of adopting SFAS 158 resulted in a reduction to stockholders equity of $669 million after tax. Dow Cornings adoption of this standard resulted in a reduction to our investment in Dow Corning and a decrease to stockholders equity of $94 million after tax.
Refer to Note 13 (Employee Retirement Plans) to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
We have traditionally contributed to the U.S. qualified pension plan on an annual basis in excess of the IRS minimum requirements, and as a result, mandatory contributions are not expected to be required for this plan until at least 2008. For 2006, we did not make any contributions to our pension plans. For 2005, we issued and contributed 10 million shares of Corning common stock with a value of approximately $199 million to our domestic pension plan. We anticipate making voluntary cash contributions of approximately $100 million to our domestic and international pension plans in 2007.
ENVIRONMENT
We have been named by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Superfund Act, or by state governments under similar state laws, as a potentially responsible party for 18 active hazardous waste sites. Under the Superfund Act, all parties who may have contributed any waste to a hazardous waste site, identified by such Agency, are jointly and severally liable for the cost of cleanup unless the Agency agrees otherwise. It is our policy to accrue for the estimated liability related to Superfund sites and other environmental liabilities related to property owned and operated by us based on expert analysis and continual monitoring by both internal and external consultants. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, we had accrued approximately $16 million (undiscounted) and $13 million (undiscounted), respectively, for the estimated liability for environmental cleanup and related litigation. Based upon the information developed to date, we believe that the accrued amount is a reasonable estimate of our liability and that the risk of an additional loss in an amount materially higher than that accrued is remote.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. The estimates, including future projections of performance and relevant discount rates, that required us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments follow.
Impairment of goodwill
SFAS 142 requires us to make certain difficult, subjective, and complex judgments on a number of matters, including assumptions and estimates used to determine the fair value of our reporting units.
Our annual goodwill recoverability assessment is completed in the fourth quarter, as it is traditionally based on our annual strategic planning process that runs from June to October. This process includes reviewing expectations for the long-term growth of our businesses and forecasting future cash flows. We measure fair value on the basis of discounted expected future cash flows. Our estimates are based upon our historical experience, our current knowledge from our commercial relationships, and available external information about future trends.
Telecommunications
Results for the Telecommunications segment in 2006 were moderate, as pricing in the telecommunications industry continues to decline. We expect the worldwide telecommunications industry market to remain stable, fiber volumes to increase modestly, and pricing pressures to continue.
The results of our impairment tests in 2006 indicated that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its book value. A discount rate of 13% was used in both 2005 to 2006. Our conclusion would not have changed had we used a discount rate of 12.5% or 13.5%.
Specialty Materials
The results of our impairment tests in 2006 indicated that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its book value. A discount rate of 12% was used in 2006 and 13% was used in 2005. We determined a range of discount rates between 11.5% and 13.5% would not have affected our conclusion.
Impairment of assets held for use
SFAS 144 requires us to assess the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets when an event of impairment has occurred. We must exercise judgment in assessing whether an event of impairment has occurred. For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets is grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. We must exercise judgment in assessing the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. In certain circumstances, we concluded that locations or businesses which share production along the supply chain must be combined in order to appropriately identify cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities.
Once it has been determined that an impairment has occurred, an impairment assessment requires the exercise of judgment in assessing the future use of and projected value to be derived from the impaired assets to be held and used. This may require judgment in estimating future cash flows and relevant discount rates and terminal values in estimating the current fair value of the impaired assets to be held and used.
Restructuring charges and impairments resulting from restructuring actions
SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities, requires us to assess whether and when a restructuring event has occurred and in which periods charges related to such events should be recognized. We must estimate costs of plans to restructure including, for example, employee termination costs. Restructuring charges require us to exercise judgment about the expected future of our businesses, of portions thereof, their profitability, cash flows and in certain instances eventual outcome. The judgment involved can be difficult, subjective and complex in a number of areas including assumptions and estimates used in estimating the future profitability and cash flows of our businesses.
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Restructuring events often give rise to decisions to dispose of or abandon certain assets or asset groups which, as a result, require impairment in accordance with SFAS 144. SFAS 144 requires us to carry assets to be sold or abandoned at the lower of cost or fair value. We must exercise judgment in assessing the fair value of the assets to be sold or abandoned.
During 2004, we recorded write-downs of property, plant and equipment as a result of decisions to exit facilities, primarily in the Telecommunications segment. Assets impaired were primarily equipment, construction in progress and buildings, which were sold or abandoned. We used information available from recent auctions of telecommunications equipment to estimate salvage value when measuring impairment. The estimated salvage values were very low, primarily due to the depressed market for telecommunications related equipment. The salvage values of property impaired were also estimated to be minimal as certain facilities will be abandoned and not sold. It is possible that actual results will differ from assumptions and require adjustments to reserves.
Valuation allowances for deferred income taxes
SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes requires us to exercise judgment about our future results in assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets. Inherent in this estimation process is the requirement for us to estimate future book taxable income and possible tax planning strategies. These estimates require us to exercise judgment about our future results and the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies. It is possible that actual results will differ from assumptions and require adjustments to allowances. If we sustain an appropriate level of profitability, primarily in the U.S. and Germany, or if we are able to develop tax planning strategies, adjustments to current allowances will be required and may affect future net income. Refer to Note 7 (Income Taxes) to the consolidated financial statements.
Probability of litigation outcomes
SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, (SFAS 5) requires us to make judgments about future events that are inherently uncertain. In making determinations of likely outcomes of litigation matters, we consider the evaluation of legal counsel knowledgeable about each matter, case law, and other case-specific issues. See Legal Proceedings for a discussion of the material litigation matters we face. The most significant matter involving judgment is the PCC asbestos liability. There are a number of factors bearing upon our potential liability, including the inherent complexity of a Chapter 11 filing, our history of success in defending asbestos claims, our assessment of the strength of our corporate veil defenses, our continuing dialogue with our insurance carriers and the claimants representatives. We have reached a tentative plan of settlement on PCC as disclosed in Legal Proceedings and Note 8 (Investments) to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The settlement is subject to a number of contingencies, including approval by the bankruptcy court and resolution of any appeals. On December 21, 2006, the bankruptcy court denied confirmation of the PCC Plan of Reorganization due to the scope of the channeling injunction proposed of the two shareholders with respect to other asbestos claims not deriving directly from PCCs products or operations. Several parties, including Corning, have moved for reconsideration of the ruling. We continue to exercise judgment in assessing the likelihood that reconsideration will lead to a revised ruling, or that an alternative plan of reorganization will emerge to address the claim deriving from PCC. It is possible that actual results will differ from assumptions and require adjustments to accruals.
Other possible liabilities
SFAS 5 and other similarly focused accounting literature require us to make judgments about future events that are inherently uncertain. In making determinations of likely outcomes of certain matters, including certain tax planning matters and environmental matters, these judgments require us to consider events and actions that are outside our control in determining whether probable or possible liabilities require accrual or disclosure. It is possible that actual results will differ from assumptions and require adjustments to accruals.
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Pension and other postretirement employee benefits (OPEB)
Pension and OPEB costs and obligations are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, health care cost trend rates, benefits earned, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, and other factors. In accordance with GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation in future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect Cornings pension and other postretirement obligations and future expense.
As of December 31, 2006, the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) for U.S. pension plans was $2,237 million.
The following information illustrates the sensitivity to a change in certain assumptions for U.S. pension plans:
Effect on | ||||
Effect on 2007 | December 31, 2006 | |||
Change in Assumption | Pre-Tax Pension Expense | PBO | ||
25 basis point decrease in discount rate | +$5.4 million | +$63 million | ||
25 basis point increase in discount rate | -$6.0 million | -$62 million | ||
25 basis point decrease in expected return on assets | +$5.1 million | |||
25 basis point increase in expected return on assets | -$5.1 million |
The above sensitivities reflect the impact of changing one assumption at a time. Note that economic factors and conditions often affect multiple assumptions simultaneously and the effects of changes in key assumptions are not necessarily linear. These changes in assumptions would have no effect on Cornings funding requirements.
In addition, at December 31, 2006, a 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate would decrease stockholders equity by $85 million before tax, a 25 basis point increase in the discount rate would increase stockholders equity by $84 million. In addition, the impact of greater than a 25 basis point decrease in discount rate would not be proportional to the first 25 basis point decrease in the discount rate.
The following table illustrates the sensitivity to a change in the discount rate assumption related to Cornings U.S. OPEB plans:
Effect on 2007 | Effect on | |||
Pre-Tax OPEB | December 31, 2006 | |||
Change in Assumption | Expense | APBO | ||
25 basis point decrease in discount rate | +$1 million | +$22 million | ||
25 basis point increase in discount rate | -$1 million | -$22 million |
The above sensitivities reflect the impact of changing one assumption at a time. Note that economic factors and conditions often affect multiple assumptions simultaneously and the effects of changes in key assumptions are not necessarily linear.
Revenue Recognition
In certain instances, revenue recognition is based on estimates of fair value of deliverables as well as estimates of product returns, allowances, discounts, and other factors. These estimates are supported by historical data. While management believes that the estimates used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in estimates may affect Cornings future results.
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Stock Compensation
Stock based compensation expense and disclosures are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include risk-free discount rates, expected term of the stock based compensation instrument granted, volatility of stock and option prices, expected time between grant date and date of exercise, attrition, performance, and other factors. These assumptions require us to exercise judgment. Our estimates of these assumptions typically are based upon our historical experience and currently available market place data. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect Cornings future stock based compensation expense and disclosures.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Refer to Note 1 (Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) to the consolidated financials statements.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
The statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, in reports subsequently filed by Corning with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on Forms 10-Q, Forms 8-K, and related comments by management which are not historical facts or information and contain words such as believes, expects, anticipates, estimates, forecasts, and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual outcome to be materially different. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:
- | global economic and political conditions; | |
- | tariffs, import duties and currency fluctuations; | |
- | product demand and industry capacity; | |
- | competitive products and pricing; | |
- | availability and costs of critical components and materials; | |
- | new product development and commercialization; | |
- | order activity and demand from major customers; | |
- | fluctuations in capital spending by customers; | |
- | possible disruption in commercial activities due to terrorist activity, armed conflict, political instability or major health concerns; | |
- | facility expansions and new plant start-up costs; | |
- | effect of regulatory and legal developments; | |
- | ability to pace capital spending to anticipated levels of customer demand, which may fluctuate; | |
- | credit rating and ability to obtain financing and capital on commercially reasonable terms; | |
- | adequacy and availability of insurance; | |
- | financial risk management; | |
- | acquisition and divestiture activities; | |
- | rate of technology change; | |
- | level of excess or obsolete inventory; | |
- | ability to enforce patents; | |
- | adverse litigation; | |
- | product and components performance issues; | |
- | stock price fluctuations; | |
- | customer acceptance of LCD televisions; | |
- | a downturn in demand or decline in growth rates for LCD glass substrates; | |
- | customer ability, most notably in the Display Technologies segment, to maintain profitable operations and obtain financing to fund their manufacturing expansions; | |
- | fluctuations in supply chain inventory levels; | |
- | equity company activities, principally at Dow Corning Corporation, Samsung Corning Precision, and Samsung Corning; | |
- | movements in foreign exchange rates, primarily the Japanese yen, Euro, and Korean won; and | |
- | other risks detailed in Cornings SEC filings. |
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks
We operate and conduct business in many foreign countries and as a result are exposed to movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Our exposure to exchange rates have the following effects:
Our most significant foreign currency exposure is the Japanese yen and to a much lesser extent the Korean won, the Taiwan dollar, and the Euro. We selectively enter into foreign exchange forward and option contracts with durations generally 15 months or less to hedge our exposure to exchange rate risk on foreign source income and purchases. These hedges are scheduled to mature coincident with the timing of the underlying foreign currency commitments and transactions. The objective of these contracts is to neutralize the impact of exchange rate movements on our operating results. We also enter into foreign exchange forward contracts when situations arise where our foreign subsidiaries or Corning enter into lending situations, generally on an intercompany basis, denominated in currencies other than their local currency. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Corning uses derivative instruments (forwards) to limit the exposure to foreign currency fluctuations associated with certain monetary assets and liabilities. These derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes and, as such, are referred to as undesignated hedges. Changes in the fair value of undesignated hedges, along with foreign currency gains and losses arising from the underlying monetary assets or liabilities, are recorded in current period earnings in the other income, net component in the consolidated statement of operations.
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies has historically contributed a significant amount to our income from continuing operations. Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of impairments was $960 million in 2006 and $611 million in 2005 with foreign-based affiliates comprising over 65% of this amount in 2006. Equity earnings from Samsung Corning and Samsung Corning Precision totaled $555 million for 2006 and $296 million for 2005. Exchange rate fluctuations and actions taken by management of these entities can affect the earnings of these companies.
We use a sensitivity analysis to assess the market risk associated with our foreign currency exchange risk. Market risk is defined as the potential change in fair value of assets and liabilities resulting from an adverse movement in foreign currency exchange rates. At December 31, 2006, we had open forward contracts, open option contracts, and foreign denominated debt with values exposed to exchange rate movements, all of which were designated as hedges at December 31, 2006. A 10% adverse movement in quoted foreign currency exchange rates could result in a loss in fair value of these instruments of $113 million. Specific to the Japanese yen, a 10% adverse movement in quoted yen exchange rates could result in a loss in fair value of these instruments of $39 million.
As we derive approximately 70% of our net sales from outside the U.S., our sales and net income could be affected if the U.S. dollar significantly strengthens or weakens against foreign currencies, most notably the Japanese yen and Euro. Our outlooks included in Managements Discussion and Analysis assume exchange rates during 2007 remain constant at January 2007 levels. A plus or minus 10 point movement in the U.S. dollar - Japanese yen exchange rate would result in a change to 2006 net sales of approximately $200 million and net income of approximately $140 million. A plus or minus 10 point movement in the U.S. dollar - Euro exchange rate would result in a change to 2006 net sales of approximately $60 million but would have a negligible effect on net income.
Interest Rate Risk Management
It is our policy to conservatively manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. Our policy prescribes that total variable rate debt will not exceed 35% of the total debt portfolio at anytime. At December 31, 2006, our consolidated debt portfolio contained less than 1% of variable rate instruments.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
See Item 15 (a) 1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our principal executive and principal financial officers, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report, have concluded that based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by paragraph (b) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15, that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
(a) | Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | |
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures and adequate internal control over financial reporting for Corning. Management is also responsible for the assessment of the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. | ||
Disclosure controls and procedures means controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms. Cornings disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Corning in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Cornings management, including Cornings principal executive and principal financial officers, or other persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. | ||
Cornings internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Cornings internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of Cornings assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that Cornings receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of Cornings management and directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of Cornings assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate. | ||
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the system of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that Cornings internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2006. Managements assessment of the effectiveness of Cornings internal control over financial reporting has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein. |
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(b) | Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
Refer to Part IV, Item 15. | ||
(c) | Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting | |
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. |
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Directors of the Registrant
The section entitled Nominees for Election as Directors in our Definitive Proxy Statement relating to our annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Information regarding executive officers is presented in Item I of this report on Form 10-K under the caption Executive Officers of the Registrant.
Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Expert
Corning has an Audit Committee and has identified at least one member of the Audit Committee as the Audit Committee Financial Expert. See sections entitled Meetings and Committees of the Board and Corporate Governance Matters in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to our annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, which are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act
The section entitled Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance in our Definitive Proxy Statement relating to our annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Code of Ethics
Our Board of Directors adopted the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Financial Executives and the Code of Conduct for Directors and Executive Officers which supplements the Code of Conduct governing all employees and directors that has been in existence for more than ten years. During 2006, no amendments to or waivers of the provisions of the Code of Ethics were made with respect to any of our directors or executive officers. A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on our website at www.corning.com/inside_corning/corporate_ governance/downloads.aspx. We will also provide a copy of the Code of Ethics to shareholders without charge upon written request to Ms. Denise A. Hauselt, Secretary and Assistant General Counsel, Corning Incorporated, HQ-E2-10, Corning, NY 14831. We will disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, the Code of Ethics on our website within four business days following the date of such amendment or waiver.
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Item 11. Executive Compensation
The sections entitled Executive Compensation, Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Compensation Committee Report, and Directors Compensation in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The section entitled Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The information required by this item related to the Companys securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2006 is included in Part I, Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of this Report on Form 10-K.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The section entitled Other Matters - Certain Business Relationships, Other Matters Related Party Policy and Procedures, and Corporate Governance Matters in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
The sections entitled Independent Auditors Fees Paid to Independent Auditors and Independent Auditors Policy Regarding Audit Committee Pre-Approval of Audit and Permitted Non-Audit Services of Independent Auditors in our definitive Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on April 26, 2007, is incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
In January 2006, our independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC), notified the Audit Committee of Cornings Board of Directors (the Audit Committee) that certain non-audit work performed by its network firms in Europe and China raised questions regarding PwCs independence with respect to its role as Cornings independent auditor.
Based upon PwCs disclosure, Corning evaluated PwCs non-audit services provided to Corning during the relevant time periods and did not identify any additional non-audit services that may have compromised PwCs independence for purposes herein. Corning and PwC continue to evaluate and review processes relevant to the maintenance of PwCs independence.
At that time, PwC concluded that its objectivity and impartiality were unaffected by those services and therefore its independence had not been impaired. This conclusion was based upon the nature of services and the fact that none of its personnel who were involved in providing the tax services or remitting amounts on Cornings behalf performed any audit or audit-related services for Corning. The Audit Committee discussed with PwC its independence from Corning and concurred with PwCs assessment.
In January 2007, PwC issued its annual Independence Standards Board Standard No. 1 independence letter to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors and therein reported that it is independent under applicable standards in connection with its audit opinion for the financial statements contained in this report. The Audit Committee has discussed with PwC its independence from Corning and concurred with PwC.
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) | Documents filed as part of this report: | |||||
Page | ||||||
1. | Financial statements | 59 | ||||
2. | Financial Statement Schedule: | |||||
(i) Valuation Accounts and Reserves | 116 | |||||
See separate index to financial statements and financial statement schedules | ||||||
(b) | Exhibits filed as part of this report: | |||||
3 (i) 1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated December 6, 2000, filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York on January 22, 2001 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) of Cornings Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000). | |||||
3 (i) 2 | Certificate of Amendment to Restated Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York on August 5, 2002 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Cornings Form 8-K filed on August 7, 2002). | |||||
3 (ii)1 | Bylaws of Corning effective as of December 6, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) of Cornings Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000). | |||||
3 (ii) 2 | Amendment to Article III, Section 9, of Bylaws of Corning effective as of February 5, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii)2 of Cornings Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003). | |||||
10.1 | 1994 Employee Equity Participation Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 16, 1994 for April 28, 1994 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | |||||
10.2 | 1998 Variable Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 9, 1998 for April 30, 1998 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | |||||
10.3 | 1998 Worldwide Employee Share Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 9, 1998 for April 30, 1998 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | |||||
10.4 | 1998 Employee Equity Participation Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 9, 1998 for April 30, 1998 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | |||||
10.5 | 2002 Worldwide Employee Share Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 7, 2002 for April 25, 2002 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | |||||
10.6 | 2000 Employee Equity Participation Program and 2003 Amendments (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 10, 2003 for April 24, 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). |
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10.7 | 2003 Variable Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 10, 2003 for April 24, 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||
10.8 | 2003 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3 of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 10, 2003 for April 24, 2003 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||
10.9 | Form of Officer Severance Agreement dated as of February 1, 2004 between Corning Incorporated and each of the following four individuals: James B. Flaws, James R. Houghton, Peter F. Volanakis and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.10 | Officer Severance Agreement dated as of February 1, 2004 between Corning Incorporated and Joseph A. Miller, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.11 | Change In Control Agreement dated as of February 1, 2004 between Corning Incorporated and James R. Houghton (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.12 | Form of Amendment dated as of February 1, 2004 to Change In Control Agreement dated as of October 4, 2000 between Corning Incorporated and the following two individuals: James B. Flaws and Peter F. Volanakis (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.13 | Form of Change In Control Amendment dated as of October 4, 2000 between Corning Incorporated and the following two individuals: James B. Flaws and Peter F. Volanakis (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.14 | Amendment dated as of February 1, 2004 to Change In Control Agreement dated as of June 1, 2001 between Corning Incorporated and Joseph A. Miller, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.15 | Change In Control Agreement dated as of June 1, 2001 between Corning Incorporated and Joseph A. Miller, Jr. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.16 | Amendment dated as of February 1, 2004 to Change In Control Agreement dated as of April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.17 | Change In Control Agreement dated as of April 23, 2002 between Corning Incorporated and Wendell P. Weeks (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of Cornings 10-Q filed May 4, 2004). | ||
10.18 | Form of Corning Incorporated Incentive Stock Plan Agreement for Restricted Stock Grants (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Cornings 10-Q filed October 28, 2004). | ||
10.19 | Form of Corning Incorporated Incentive Stock Plan Agreement for Restricted Stock Retention Grants (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Cornings 10-Q filed October 28, 2004). | ||
10.20 | Form of Corning Incorporated Incentive Stock Option Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Cornings 10-Q filed October 28, 2004). | ||
10.21 | Form of Corning Incorporated Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Cornings 10-Q filed October 28, 2004). | ||
10.22 | 2005 Employee Equity Participation Program (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit I of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 1, 2005 for April 28, 2005 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||
10.23 | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement with Citibank, N.A.; J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.; Bank of America, N.A.; Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd.; Wachovia Bank, National Association; Barclays Bank PLC; Deutsche Bank A.G. New York Branch Mizuho Corporate Bank, Ltd. and Standard Chartered Bank dated November 21, 2006 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Cornings Form 8-K filed November 27, 2006). |
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10.24 | Amended 2002 Worldwide Employee Share Purchase Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix I of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 8, 2006 for April 27, 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||||
10.25 | 2006 Variable Compensation Plan (Incorporated by reference to Appendix J of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 8, 2006 for April 27, 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||||
10.26 | Amended 2003 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors (Incorporated by reference to Appendix K of Corning Proxy Statement, Definitive 14A filed March 8, 2006 for April 27, 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders). | ||||
10.27 | Corning Incorporated Amended 2002 Worldwide Employee Share Purchase Plan effective September 19, 2006. | ||||
10.28 |
Amended Corning Incorporated 2003 Equity Plan for Non-Employee Directors effective October 4, 2006. | ||||
10.29 |
Amended Corning Incorporated 2005 Employee Equity Participation Program effective October 4, 2006. | ||||
10.30 |
Form of Corning Incorporated Incentive Stock Plan Agreement for Restricted Stock Grants, amended effective December 6, 2006. | ||||
10.31 | Executive Supplemental Pension Plan effective February 7, 2007 and signed February 12, 2007. | ||||
10.32 | Director Compensation Arrangements effective February 7, 2007. | ||||
12 | Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Dividends. | ||||
14 | Corning Incorporated Code of Ethics for Chief Executive Officer and Financial Executives, and Code of Conduct for Directors and Executive Officers (Incorporated by reference to Appendix H of Cornings 2007 definitive Proxy Statement). | ||||
21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant at December 31, 2006. | ||||
23 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | ||||
24 | Powers of Attorney. | ||||
31.1 | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | ||||
31.2 | Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), As Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | ||||
32 | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | ||||
(c) | Financial Statements | ||||
Page | |||||
1. | Financial Statements of Dow Corning Corporation for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 | 118 | |||
2. | Financial Statements of Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 | 160 |
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Corning Incorporated
By | /s/ Wendell P. Weeks | President and Chief Executive Officer | February 27, 2007 | |||
(Wendell P. Weeks) | and Director | |||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated. | ||||||
Capacity | Date | |||||
/s/ Wendell P. Weeks | President and Chief Executive Officer and Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Wendell P. Weeks) | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||||
/s/ James B. Flaws | Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(James B. Flaws) | and Chief Financial Officer | |||||
(Principal Financial Officer) | ||||||
/s/ Jane D. Poulin | Chief Accounting Officer | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Jane D. Poulin) | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||||
/s/ Katherine A. Asbeck | Senior Vice President, Finance | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Katherine A. Asbeck) | ||||||
* | Chairman of the Board of Directors | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(James R. Houghton) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(John Seely Brown) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Robert F. Cummings, Jr.) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(James B. Flaws) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Gordon Gund) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(John M. Hennessy) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Jeremy R. Knowles) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(James J. OConnor) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Deborah D. Rieman) |
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* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(H. Onno Ruding) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Eugene C. Sit) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(William D. Smithburg) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Hansel E. Tookes II) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Peter F. Volanakis) | ||||||
* | Director | February 27, 2007 | ||||
(Padmasree Warrior) | ||||||
*By | /s/ William D. Eggers | |||||
(William D. Eggers, Attorney-in-fact) |
55
Corning Incorporated
2006 Annual Report
Index to Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
Page | ||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 57 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Operations | 59 | |||
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 60 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 61 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity | 62 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | ||||
1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 63 | ||
2. | Discontinued Operation | 70 | ||
3. | Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits) | 70 | ||
4. | Short-Term Investments | 74 | ||
5. | Significant Customer | 74 | ||
6. | Inventories | 74 | ||
7. | Income Taxes | 75 | ||
8. | Investments | 79 | ||
9. | Property, Net of Accumulated Depreciation | 86 | ||
10. | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | 86 | ||
11. | Other Liabilities | 88 | ||
12. | Debt | 89 | ||
13. | Employee Retirement Plans | 91 | ||
14. | Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees | 97 | ||
15. | Hedging Activities | 99 | ||
16. | Shareholders Equity | 101 | ||
17. | Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share | 102 | ||
18. | Share-based Compensation | 104 | ||
19. | Operating Segments | 109 | ||
20. | Subsequent Event | 115 | ||
Financial Statement Schedule | ||||
II. | Valuation Accounts and Reserves | 116 | ||
Quarterly Operating Results | 117 | |||
Financial Statements of Dow Corning Corporation for the years ended | ||||
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 | 118 | |||
Financial Statements of Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. for the years ended | ||||
December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 | 160 |
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Corning Incorporated:
We have completed integrated audits of Corning Incorporateds 2006, 2005 and 2004 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Corning Incorporated and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 18 to the consolidated financial statements the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for share-based compensation and employee benefit plans in 2006.
Internal control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion, managements assessment, included in Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on managements assessment and on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
57
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
New York, New York
February 26, 2007
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Consolidated Statements of Operations | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies | ||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||||||
(In millions, except per share amounts) | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Net sales | $ | 5,174 | $ | 4,579 | $ | 3,854 | |||||||
Cost of sales | 2,891 | 2,595 | 2,439 | ||||||||||
Gross margin | 2,283 | 1,984 | 1,415 | ||||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 857 | 756 | 653 | ||||||||||
Research, development and engineering expenses | 517 | 443 | 355 | ||||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangibles | 11 | 13 | 38 | ||||||||||
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and (credits) (Note 3) | 54 | (38 | ) | 1,789 | |||||||||
Asbestos settlement (Note 8) | (2 | ) | 218 | 65 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 846 | 592 | (1,485 | ) | |||||||||
Interest income | 118 | 61 | 25 | ||||||||||
Interest expense | (76 | ) | (108 | ) | (133 | ) | |||||||
Loss on repurchases and retirement of debt, net (Note 12) | (11 | ) | (16 | ) | (36 | ) | |||||||
Other income, net | 84 | 30 | 25 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 961 | 559 | (1,604 | ) | |||||||||
Provision for income taxes (Note 7) | (55 | ) | (578 | ) | (1,084 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) before minority interests and equity earnings | 906 | (19 | ) | (2,688 | ) | ||||||||
Minority interests | (11 | ) | (7 | ) | (17 | ) | |||||||
Equity in earnings of affiliated companies, net of impairments (Note 8) | 960 | 611 | 454 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 1,855 | 585 | (2,251 | ) | |||||||||
Income from discontinued operation (Note 2) | 20 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,231 | ) | ||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share (Note 17): | |||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.40 | $ | (1.62 | ) | ||||||
Discontinued operation | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.20 | $ | 0.40 | $ | (1.61 | ) | ||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (Note 17): | |||||||||||||
Continuing operations | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.38 | $ | (1.62 | ) | ||||||
Discontinued operation | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 1.16 | $ | 0.38 | $ | (1.61 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Balance Sheets | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies |
December 31, | |||||||||
(In millions, except share and per share amounts) | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||
Assets | |||||||||
Current assets: | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,157 | $ | 1,342 | |||||
Short-term investments, at fair value | 2,010 | 1,092 | |||||||
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments | 3,167 | 2,434 | |||||||
Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts and allowances - $21 and $24 | 746 | 629 | |||||||
Inventories (Note 6) | 639 | 570 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 7) | 47 | 44 | |||||||
Other current assets | 199 | 183 | |||||||
Total current assets | 4,798 | 3,860 | |||||||
Investments (Note 8) | 2,522 | 1,729 | |||||||
Property, net of accumulated depreciation - $4,087 and $3,632 (Note 9) | 5,193 | 4,675 | |||||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (Note 10) | 316 | 338 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes (Note 7) | 114 | 10 | |||||||
Other assets | 122 | 595 | |||||||
Total Assets | $ | 13,065 | $ | 11,207 | |||||
Liabilities and Shareholders Equity | |||||||||
Current liabilities: | |||||||||
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 12) | $ | 20 | $ | 18 | |||||
Accounts payable | 631 | 690 | |||||||
Other accrued liabilities (Note 11) | 1,668 | 1,662 | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 2,319 | 2,370 | |||||||
Long-term debt (Note 12) | 1,696 | 1,789 | |||||||
Postretirement benefits other than pensions (Note 13) | 739 | 593 | |||||||
Other liabilities (Note 11) | 1,020 | 925 | |||||||
Total liabilities | 5,774 | 5,677 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | |||||||||
Minority interests | 45 | 43 | |||||||
Shareholders equity (Note 16): | |||||||||
Common stock Par value $0.50 per share; Shares authorized: 3.8 billion | |||||||||
Shares issued: 1,582 million and 1,552 million | 791 | 776 | |||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 12,008 | 11,548 | |||||||
Accumulated deficit | (4,992 | ) | (6,847 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, at cost; Shares held: 17 million and 16 million | (201 | ) | (168 | ) | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (360 | ) | 178 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity | 7,246 | 5,487 | |||||||
Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity | $ | 13,065 | $ | 11,207 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies |
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,855 | $ | 585 | $ | (2,231 | ) | |||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation | 580 | 499 | 485 | |||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangibles | 11 | 13 | 38 | |||||||||
Asbestos settlement | (2 | ) | 218 | 65 | ||||||||
Gain on sale of discontinued operation | (20 | ) | ||||||||||
Restructuring, impairment and other charges and (credits) | 54 | (38 | ) | 1,789 | ||||||||
Loss on repurchases and retirement of debt | 11 | 16 | 36 | |||||||||
Stock compensation charges | 127 | 29 | 8 | |||||||||
Undistributed earnings of affiliated companies | (597 | ) | (310 | ) | (314 | ) | ||||||
Deferred tax (benefit) provision | (101 | ) | 425 | 1,000 | ||||||||
Interest expense on convertible debentures | (23 | ) | 4 | |||||||||
Restructuring payments | (15 | ) | (25 | ) | (85 | ) | ||||||
Decrease in restricted cash | 22 | 34 | ||||||||||
Customer deposits, net of credits issued | 45 | 428 | 204 | |||||||||
Employee benefit payments less than (in excess of) expense | 27 | 34 | (19 | ) | ||||||||
Changes in certain working capital items: | ||||||||||||
Trade accounts receivable | (105 | ) | (77 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||||
Inventories | (65 | ) | (62 | ) | (68 | ) | ||||||
Other current assets | (10 | ) | 6 | (7 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable and other current liabilities, net of restructuring payments | (56 | ) | 113 | 143 | ||||||||
Other, net | 44 | 86 | (13 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,803 | 1,939 | 1,009 | |||||||||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Capital expenditures | (1,182 | ) | (1,553 | ) | (857 | ) | ||||||
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | (16 | ) | ||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale of businesses | 100 | |||||||||||
Net proceeds from sale or disposal of assets | 12 | 18 | 49 | |||||||||
Net increase in long-term investments and other long-term assets | (77 | ) | ||||||||||
Short-term investments - acquisitions | (2,894 | ) | (1,668 | ) | (1,685 | ) | ||||||
Short-term investments - liquidations | 1,976 | 1,452 | 1,389 | |||||||||
Other, net | 39 | 12 | ||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,181 | ) | (1,712 | ) | (992 | ) | ||||||
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||
Net repayments of short-term borrowings and current portion of long-term debt | (14 | ) | (451 | ) | (115 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net | 246 | 147 | 442 | |||||||||
Retirements of long-term debt | (368 | ) | (102 | ) | (154 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | 26 | 365 | 42 | |||||||||
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options | 303 | 202 | 49 | |||||||||
Other, net | (13 | ) | (14 | ) | 1 | |||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities | 180 | 147 | 265 | |||||||||
Effect of exchange rate on cash | 13 | (41 | ) | 39 | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (185 | ) | 333 | 321 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 1,342 | 1,009 | 688 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 1,157 | $ | 1,342 | $ | 1,009 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders Equity | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies |
(In millions) |
Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series C | Additional | other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred | Common | paid-in | Unearned | Accumulated | Treasury | comprehensive | shareholders | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
stock | stock | capital | compensation | deficit | stock | income (loss) | equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2003 | $ | 85 | $ | 701 | $ | 10,317 | $ | (19 | ) | $ | (5,201 | ) | $ | (574 | ) | $ | 102 | $ | 5,411 | ||||||||||||
Net loss | (2,231 | ) | (2,231 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 178 | 178 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment | (126 | ) | (126 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized gain on investments | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized derivative loss on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | (19 | ) | (19 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | 13 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss | (2,177 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series C preferred stock conversions | (21 | ) | 5 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to benefit plans | 5 | 36 | 41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in debt retirements | (11 | ) | 379 | 368 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other, net | 6 | 82 | (27 | ) | (3 | ) | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2004 | $ | 64 | $ | 712 | $ | 10,409 | $ | (46 | ) | $ | (7,432 | ) | $ | (162 | ) | $ | 156 | $ | 3,701 | ||||||||||||
Net income | 585 | 585 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (171 | ) | (171 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reversal of foreign currency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
translation adjustment | (84 | ) | (84 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment | 246 | 246 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss on investments | (13 | ) | (13 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized derivative gain on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | 23 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | 21 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 607 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Series C preferred stock conversions | (64 | ) | 16 | 48 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in equity offerings | 10 | 313 | 323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to benefit plans and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
for option exercises | 20 | 493 | (37 | ) | 1 | 477 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in debt retirements | 18 | 370 | 388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other, net | (2 | ) | (7 | ) | (9 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2005 | $ | 0 | $ | 776 | $ | 11,631 | $ | (83 | ) | $ | (6,847 | ) | $ | (168 | ) | $ | 178 | $ | 5,487 | ||||||||||||
Net income | 1,855 | 1,855 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 203 | 203 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment | 37 | 37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss on investments | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized derivative gain on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustments on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
cash flow hedges | (25 | ) | (25 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | 2,084 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to adopt SFAS 158 | (763 | ) | (763 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares issued to benefit plans and | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
for option exercises | 15 | 376 | (11 | ) | 380 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other, net | 1 | 83 | (22 | ) | (4 | ) | 58 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2006 | $ | 0 | $ | 791 | $ | 12,008 | $ | 0 | $ | (4,992 | ) | $ | (201 | ) | $ | (360 | ) | $ | 7,246 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
62
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies |
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Corning Incorporated is a provider of high-performance glass for computer monitors, LCD televisions, and other information display applications; optical fiber and cable and hardware and equipment products for the telecommunications industry; ceramic substrates for gasoline and diesel engines in automotive and heavy duty vehicle markets; laboratory products for the scientific community and specialized polymer products for biotechnology applications; advanced optical materials for the semiconductor industry and the scientific community; and other technologies. In these notes, the terms Corning, Company, we, us, or our mean Corning Incorporated and subsidiary companies.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
Our consolidated financial statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of all majority-owned subsidiaries over which Corning exercises control and, when applicable, entities for which Corning has a controlling financial interest.
For variable interest entities, we assess the terms of our interest in the entity to determine if we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by FIN 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Revised (FIN 46R). The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, receives a majority of its expected residual returns, or both, as a result of holding variable interests. Variable interests are the ownership, contractual, or other pecuniary interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entitys net assets excluding variable interests. We consolidate one variable interest entity in which we are the primary beneficiary.
The equity method of accounting is used for investments in affiliated companies which are not controlled by Corning and in which our interest is generally between 20% and 50% and we have significant influence over the entity. Our share of earnings or losses of affiliated companies, in which at least 20% of the voting securities is owned and we have significant influence but not control over the entity, is included in consolidated operating results.
We use the cost method to account for our investments in companies that we do not control and for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies. In accordance with the cost method, these investments are recorded at cost or fair value, as appropriate.
All material intercompany accounts, transactions and profits are eliminated in consolidation.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on our results of operations or changes in shareholders equity.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and related notes. Significant estimates and assumptions in these consolidated financial statements include restructuring and other charges and credits, allowances for doubtful accounts receivable, estimates of fair value associated with goodwill and long-lived asset impairment tests, estimates of the fair value of assets held for disposal, estimates of fair value of investments, environmental and legal liabilities, warranty liabilities, income taxes and deferred tax valuation allowances, the determination of discount and other rate assumptions for pension and other postretirement employee benefit expenses and the determination of the fair value of stock based compensation involving assumptions about termination rates, stock volatility, discount rates, and expected time to exercise. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be different from these estimates.
63
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Revenue Recognition
Revenue for sales of goods is recognized when a firm sales agreement is in place, delivery has occurred and sales price is fixed and determinable and collectibility is reasonably assured. If customer acceptance of products is not reasonably assured, sales are recorded only upon formal customer acceptance. Sales of goods typically do not include multiple product and/or service elements.
At the time revenue is recognized, allowances are recorded, with the related reduction to revenue, for estimated product returns, allowances and price discounts based upon historical experience and related terms of customer arrangements. Where we have offered product warranties, we also establish liabilities for estimated warranty costs based upon historical experience and specific warranty provisions. Warranty liabilities are adjusted when experience indicates the expected outcome will differ from initial estimates of the liability.
Royalty income from the licensing of technology is reported as other non-operating income and is recognized as it is earned.
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development costs totaled $409 million in 2006, $348 million in 2005, and $289 million in 2004.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The determination of the functional currency for Cornings foreign subsidiaries is made based on the appropriate economic factors. For most foreign operations, the local currencies are generally considered to be the functional currencies. Prior to 2005, non-U.S. operations which did not use the local currency as the functional currency used the U.S. dollar. Effective January 1, 2005, our Taiwan subsidiary changed its functional currency from the new Taiwan dollar (its local currency) to the Japanese yen due to the increased significance of Japanese yen based transactions of that subsidiary. As a result of this change in functional currency, exchange rate gains and losses are recognized on transactions in currencies other than the Japanese yen and included in income for the period in which the exchange rates changed. The same is true for all transactions denominated in a currency other than a subsidiarys functional currency.
Foreign subsidiary functional currency, balance sheet accounts are translated at current exchange rates, and statement of operations accounts are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Translation gains and losses are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders equity. The effects of remeasuring non-functional currency assets and liabilities into the functional currency are included in current earnings.
Stock-Based Compensation
Corning implemented the provisions of SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006, following the prospective adoption transition method and accordingly began expensing share-based payments in the first quarter of 2006. Following the prospective adoption transition method prior periods were not restated.
Corning grants restricted shares and stock options that are subject to specific vesting conditions (for example, three-year graded vesting). For stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006, Corning specified that the employee will continue to vest in the award after retirement without providing any additional services. Corning accounted for this type of arrangement by recognizing compensation cost on a pro forma disclosure basis over the requisite vesting period (the stated vesting period approach). For time-based and performance-based restricted shares granted prior to January 1, 2006, Corning specified that the employee will vest in the award after retirement without providing any additional services. Corning accounted for this type of arrangement by recognizing compensation cost over the nominal vesting period and, if the employee retires before the end of the vesting period, recognizing any remaining unrecognized compensation cost at the date of retirement (the nominal vesting period approach).
64
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
SFAS 123(R) specifies that an award is vested when the employees retention of the award is no longer contingent on providing subsequent service (the non-substantive vesting period approach). That would be the case for Corning awards that vest when employees retire and are granted to retirement eligible employees. Effective January 1, 2006, related compensation cost must be recognized immediately for awards granted to retirement eligible employees or over the period from the grant date to the date retirement eligibility is achieved, if that is expected to occur during the nominal vesting period.
We continue to follow the stated and nominal vesting period approaches for any share-based awards granted prior to adopting SFAS 123(R) and will continue to do so for the remaining portion of such unvested outstanding awards after adopting SFAS 123(R). Effective with the adoption of SFAS 123(R), on January 1, 2006, we now apply the non-substantive vesting period approach to new grants that have retirement eligibility provisions.
Refer to Note 18 (Share-based Compensation) to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into cash. We consider securities with contractual maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The carrying amount of these securities approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information follows (in millions): |
|||||||||
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||
Non-cash transactions: | |||||||||
Retirement of short-term borrowings | $ | 26 | |||||||
Retirement of debt in exchange for stock | $ | 388 | $ | 368 | |||||
Pension contribution in common shares | $ | 199 | |||||||
Issued credit memoranda for settlement of customer receivables | $ | 126 | $ | 29 | |||||
Cash paid for interest and income taxes: | |||||||||
Interest (1) | $ | 106 | $ | 126 | $ | 129 | |||
Income taxes, net of refunds received | $ | 225 | $ | 140 | $ | 64 |
(1) |
Included in this amount is approximately $37 million, $27 million, and $22 million of interest costs that were capitalized as part of property, net in 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. |
Short-Term Investments
Our short-term investments consist of debt securities classified as available-for-sale, which are stated at estimated fair value. These debt securities include U.S. treasury notes, state and municipal bonds, asset-backed securities, auction rate securities, corporate bonds, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. These investments are on deposit with a major financial institution. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, are computed on the first-in first-out basis and are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders equity until realized. Realized gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Companys allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on a variety of factors that affect the potential collectibility of the related receivables, including length of time receivables are past due, customer credit ratings, financial stability of customers, specific one-time events and past customer history. In addition, in circumstances where the Company is made aware of a specific customers inability to meet its financial obligations, a specific allowance is established. The majority of accounts are individually evaluated on a regular basis and appropriate reserves are established as deemed appropriate based on the above criteria. The remainder of the reserve is based on managements estimates and takes into consideration historical trends, market conditions and the composition of the Companys customer base.
65
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Environmental Liabilities
The Company accrues for its environmental investigation, remediation, operating, and maintenance costs when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. For environmental matters, the most likely cost to be incurred is accrued based on an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site, current laws and regulations and prior remediation experience. For sites with multiple potential responsible parties (PRPs), the Company considers its likely proportionate share of the anticipated remediation costs and the ability of the other parties to fulfill their obligations in establishing a provision for those costs. Where no amount within a range of estimates is more likely to occur than another, the minimum is accrued. When future liabilities are determined to be reimbursable by insurance coverage, an accrual is recorded for the potential liability and a receivable is recorded related to the insurance reimbursement when reimbursement is virtually certain. The uncertain nature inherent in such remediation and the possibility that initial estimates may not reflect the final outcome could result in additional costs.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or market.
Property, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Land, buildings, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is based on estimated useful lives of properties using the straight-line method. Except as described in Note 3 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)) related to accelerated depreciation arising from restructuring programs, the estimated useful lives range from 20 to 40 years for buildings and 3 to 20 years for equipment.
Included in the subcategory of equipment are the following types of assets:
Asset type | Range of useful life |
Computer hardware and software | 3 years |
Manufacturing equipment | 3 to 15 years |
Furniture and fixtures | 5 to 7 years |
Transportation equipment | 20 years |
Included in manufacturing equipment are certain components of production equipment that are coated with or constructed of precious metals. These metals have an indefinite useful life because they will be returned to their elemental state and reused or sold.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, and will be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that more likely than not would indicate the carrying amount may be impaired. Impairment testing for goodwill is done at a reporting unit level. Reporting units are either one level below the operating segment level or an aggregation of two or more reporting units within the same operating segment if such reporting units share similar economic characteristics. Goodwill relates and is assigned directly to a specific reporting unit. An impairment loss generally would be recognized when the carrying amount of the reporting units net assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. Refer to Note 3 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)) and Note 10 (Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets) for additional information.
66
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Other intangible assets include patents, trademarks, and other intangible assets acquired from an independent party. Such intangible assets have a definite life and are amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives ranging from 5 to 20 years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
We review the recoverability of our long-lived assets, such as plant and equipment and intangible assets, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The assessment of possible impairment is based on our ability to recover the carrying value of the asset or asset group from the expected future pre-tax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. We assess the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset or asset group, an impairment loss is measured based on the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. Assets to be disposed are written-down to the greater of their fair value or salvage value. Fair values are based on assumptions concerning the amount and timing of estimated future cash flows and assumed discount rates, reflecting varying degrees of perceived risk.
Treasury Stock
Shares of common stock repurchased by us are recorded at cost as treasury stock and result in a reduction of shareholders equity in the consolidated balance sheets. From time to time, treasury shares may be reissued as contributions to our employee benefit plans and for the retirement or conversion of certain debt instruments. When shares are reissued, we use an average cost method for determining cost. The difference between the cost of the shares and the reissuance price is added to or deducted from additional paid-in capital.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS 109, which establishes financial accounting and reporting standards for the effect of income taxes. The objective of accounting for income taxes is to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and the deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the entitys financial statements. The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and in numerous foreign jurisdictions. No provision is made for U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of its wholly owned foreign subsidiaries because substantially all such earnings are indefinitely reinvested in those companies. Provision for the tax consequences of distributions, if any, from consolidated foreign subsidiaries is recorded in the year the distribution is declared. Significant judgment is required in determining the Companys worldwide income tax position as well as its effective tax rate.
The Company has provided for potential liabilities due in various jurisdictions. In the ordinary course of global business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of cost reimbursement arrangements among related entities. SFAS 109 requires us to exercise judgment about our future results in assessing the realizability of our deferred tax assets. Inherent in this estimation process, especially since we are in a net gross deferred tax asset position, in part due to prior year net operating losses, is the requirement for us to estimate future book taxable income and possible tax planning strategies. Although the Company believes its estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters will not be different than that which is reflected in the historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material impact on the Companys income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such determination is made.
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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Management believes that the carrying values of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value as a result of the short-term maturities of these instruments.
Derivative Instruments
We participate in a variety of foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange option contracts entered into in connection with the management of our exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange and interest rates. These financial exposures are managed in accordance with corporate policies and procedures.
All derivatives are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges and hedges of net investments in foreign operations are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Amounts, related to cash flow hedges are reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) when the underlying hedged item impacts earnings. This reclassification is recorded in the same line item of the consolidated statement of operations as where the effects of the hedged item are recorded, typically sales or cost of sales. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges are recorded currently in earnings offset to the extent the derivative was effective, by the change in the fair value of the hedged item. Corning currently does not have any fair value hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are recorded currently in earnings in the other income line of the consolidated statement of operations.
We have issued foreign currency denominated debt that has been designated as a hedge of the net investment in a foreign operation. The effective portion of the changes in fair value of the debt is reflected as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) as part of the foreign currency translation adjustment.
Variable Interest Entities
For variable interest entities, we assess the terms of our interest in each entity to determine if we are the primary beneficiary as prescribed by FIN 46R. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, receives a majority of its expected residual returns, or both, as a result of holding variable interests, which are the ownership, contractual, or other pecuniary interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entitys net assets excluding variable interests.
Corning leases certain transportation equipment from a Trust that qualifies as a variable interest entity under FIN 46R. The sole purpose of this entity is leasing transportation equipment to Corning. Since Corning is the primary beneficiary of this entity, the financial statements of the entity are included in Cornings consolidated financial statements. The entitys assets are primarily comprised of fixed assets which are collateral for the entitys borrowings. These assets, amounting to approximately $28.7 million and $29.5 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, are classified as long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet.
Corning leases certain transportation equipment from two additional Trusts that qualify as variable interest entities under FIN 46R. Corning is not the primary beneficiary of these entities. The sole purpose of the entities is leasing transportation equipment to Corning. Corning has been involved with these entities as lessee since the inception of the Trusts. Lease revenue generated by these Trusts was $1.6 million, $1.5 million, and $1.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Cornings maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with the Trusts is estimated at approximately $15.5 million and $16.6 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
New Accounting Standards
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (SFAS 154), which replaces APB Opinion No. 20, Accounting Changes, (APB 20) and SFAS No. 3, Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements. SFAS 154 changes the requirements for the accounting for and reporting of a change in accounting principle. Upon the adoption of SFAS 154 beginning January 1, 2006, Corning has applied the standards guidance to changes in accounting methods as required. The adoption of SFAS 154 was not material to Cornings consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140 (SFAS 155). SFAS 155 is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after January 1, 2007, and amends SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities. This Statement resolves issues addressed in Statement 133 Implementation Issue No. D1, Application of Statement 133 to Beneficial Interests in Securitized Financial Assets. Corning does not expect the adoption of SFAS 155 to have a material impact on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assetsan amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (SFAS 156). This Statement amends SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities, with respect to the accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. Corning adopted SFAS No. 156 on January 1, 2006. The impact of adopting SFAS 156 was not material to Cornings consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In April 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FIN 46R-6, Determining the Variability to Be Considered in Applying FASB Interpretation No. 46(R) (FIN 46R-6). This FSP addresses how a reporting enterprise should determine the variability to be considered in applying FIN 46R and is effective on the first day of the first reporting period beginning after June 15, 2006. Corning adopted FIN 46R-6 on the effective date of July 1, 2006. Our approach to applying FIN 46-R was consistent with guidance in FSP FIN 46R-6. As a result, the adoption of FSP FIN 46R-6 was not material to Cornings consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No.48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). This interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprises financial statements in accordance with SFAS109. This Interpretation prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. Corning is required to adopt the provisions of FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007; the cumulative effect of adoption will be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for 2007. We currently estimate that the adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for 2007 will be less than $10 million. We estimate compliance with FIN 48 will not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in applying generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Corning is currently evaluating the impact of SFAS 157 on its consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
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1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans - An amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) (SFAS 158). SFAS 158 requires employers to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position, to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through accumulated other comprehensive income of a business entity, and to measure the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. Corning adopted SFAS 158 as required on December 31, 2006, with the exception of the change in measurement date which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The impact of adopting SFAS 158 resulted in a
reduction to stockholders equity of $669 million after tax. Dow Cornings adoption of this standard resulted in a reduction to our investment in Dow Corning and a decrease to stockholders equity of $94 million after tax. See Note 13 (Employee Retirement Plans) to the consolidated financial statements for further information on the adoption of SFAS 158.
In September 2006, the FASB issued FSP AUG AIR-1, Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance Activities (AUG AIR-1). The FSP prohibits companies from accruing the cost of planned major maintenance in advance of the activities actually occurring. This FSP is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. The adoption of FSP AUG AIR-1 is not expected to have a material impact on Cornings consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
In September 2006, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, Financial Statements - Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements (SAB 108). The SEC staff is providing guidance on how prior year misstatements should be taken into consideration when quantifying misstatements in current year financial statements for purposes of determining whether the current years financial statements are materially misstated. SAB 108 is effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The adoption of SAB 108 did not impact Cornings consolidated results of operations and financial condition.
2. Discontinued Operation
In the third quarter of 2004, Corning and 3M Company (3M) reached a final settlement agreement for funds held in escrow associated with the 2002 sale of Cornings precision lens business to 3M. As a result, we recognized a $20 million gain upon receipt of the proceeds in 2004. This gain is included in income from discontinued operation in the 2004 consolidated statement of operations.
3. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)
2006 Actions
Corning recorded net charges of $54 million in 2006. A summary of the charges and credits follows:
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3. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits) (continued)
The following table summarizes the restructuring, impairment, and other charges and (credits) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006 (in millions):
Year ended December 31, 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve at | Revisions | Net | Reserve at | ||||||||||||||||||
January 1, | Charges/ | to existing | charges/ | Cash | Dec. 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2006 | (credits) | plans | (reversals) | payments | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||
Restructuring: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Employee related costs | $ | 36 | $ | 6 | $ | 4 | $ | 10 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 40 | ||||||||
Other charges (credits) | 49 | (4 | ) | (4 | ) | (9 | ) | 36 | |||||||||||||
Total restructuring charges | $ | 85 | $ | 6 | $ | $ | 6 | $ | (15 | ) | $ | 76 | |||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Assets to be held and used | $ | 50 | $ | 50 | |||||||||||||||||
Assets to be disposed of by sale | |||||||||||||||||||||
or abandonment | $ | (2 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total impairment charges | $ | 50 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 48 | ||||||||||||||
Total restructuring, impairment and | |||||||||||||||||||||
other charges and (credits) | $ | 56 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 54 |
Cash payments for employee-related costs will be substantially completed by the end of 2007, while payments for exit activities will be substantially completed by the end of 2010.
2005 Actions
Corning recorded net credits of $38 million in 2005. A summary of the charges and credits follows:
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3. Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits) (continued)
The following table summarizes the restructuring, impairment, and other charges and (credits) as of and for the year ended December 31, 2005 (in millions):
Year ended December 31, 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve at | Revisions | Net | Reserve at | |||||||||||||||||||
January 1, | Charges/ | to existing | charges/ | Cash | Dec. 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2006 | (credits) | plans | (reversals) | payments | 2006 | |||||||||||||||||
Restructuring: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Employee related costs | $ | 18 | $ | 30 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 29 | $ | (11 | ) | $ | 36 | ||||||||
Other charges (credits) | 77 | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | 49 | ||||||||||||||
Total restructuring charges | $ | 95 | $ | 30 | $ | (15 | ) | $ | 15 | $ | (25 | ) | $ | 85 | ||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment of available-for-sale securities | $ | 25 | $ | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets to be disposed of by sale | ||||||||||||||||||||||
or abandonment | $ | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total impairment charges | $ | 25 | $ | 6 | $ | 31 | ||||||||||||||||
Reversal of currency translation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
adjustment | $ | (84 | ) | $ | (84 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Total restructuring, impairment and | ||||||||||||||||||||||
other charges and (credits) | $ | (29 | ) | $ | (9 | ) | $ | (38 | ) |
In 2005, net charges (reversals) for restructuring, impairment, and other actions included a credit of $47 million for the Telecommunications segment and charges of $9 million for the other segments.
2004 Actions
Corning recorded net charges of $1,789 million in 2004. A summary of the significant charges and credits follows:
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The following table summarizes the charges, credits and balances of the restructuring liabilities as of and for the year ended December 31, 2004 (in millions):
Year ended December 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve at | Revisions | Net | Reserve at | ||||||||||||||||||
January 1, | to existing | charges/ | Cash | Dec. 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2004 | Charges | plans | (reversals) | payments | 2004 | ||||||||||||||||
Restructuring: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Employee related costs | $ | 78 | $ | (60 | ) | $ | 18 | ||||||||||||||
Exit costs | 108 | $ | 2 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | (25 | ) | 77 | |||||||||
Total restructuring charges | $ | 186 | $ | 2 | $ | (8 | ) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (85 | ) | $ | 95 | ||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Goodwill | $ | 1,420 | $ | 1,420 | |||||||||||||||||
Assets to be disposed of by sale | |||||||||||||||||||||
or abandonment | 350 | $ | (48 | ) | 302 | ||||||||||||||||
Asset to be held and used | 24 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total impairment charges | $ | 1,794 | $ | (48 | ) | $ | 1,746 | ||||||||||||||
Other: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accelerated depreciation | $ | 37 | $ | 37 | |||||||||||||||||
Loss on sale of business | 14 | $ | (2 | ) | 12 | ||||||||||||||||
Total other charges | $ | 51 | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 49 | ||||||||||||||
Total restructuring, impairment and | |||||||||||||||||||||
other charges and (credits) | $ | 1,847 | $ | (58 | ) | $ | 1,789 |
In 2004, net charges (reversals) for restructuring, impairment, and other actions included $1,798 million for the Telecommunications segment and were a credit of $9 million for the Other segments.
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4. Short-Term Investments
The following is a summary of the fair value of available-for-sale securities (in millions):
December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||
Bonds, notes and other securities | |||||
U.S. government and agencies | $ | 326 | $ | 259 | |
States and municipalities | 61 | 77 | |||
Asset-backed securities | 591 | 374 | |||
Commercial paper | 383 | 57 | |||
Other debt securities | 649 | 325 | |||
Total short-term investments | $ | 2,010 | $ | 1,092 |
Gross unrealized gains and losses were insignificant at December 31, 2006 and 2005.
The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2006 (in millions):
Less than one year | $ | 720 |
Due in 15 years | 658 | |
Due in 510 years | 68 | |
Due after 10 years | 564 | |
Total | $ | 2,010 |
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments totaled $2.0 billion, $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The gross realized gains and losses related to sales of short-term investments were insignificant in 2006, 2005 and 2004.
5. Significant Customer
On October 1, 2006, AU Optronics Corporation (AUO), a customer of the Display Technologies segment, completed its previously announced merger with Quanta Display Inc. (QDI), another customer of Cornings Display Technologies segment. In addition, through two recently announced transactions, AUO now holds a 49% equity stake in Toppan CFI, a subsidiary of Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., also a customer of the Display Technologies segment.
Cornings combined 2006 sales to AUO, QDI and Toppan represented 13% of the companys consolidated net sales.
6. Inventories
Inventories comprise the following (in millions):
December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||
Finished goods | $ | 139 | $ | 135 | |
Work in process | 233 | 198 | |||
Raw materials and accessories | 125 | 124 | |||
Supplies and packing materials | 142 | 113 | |||
Total inventories | $ | 639 | $ | 570 |
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7. Income Taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes follows (in millions):
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
U.S. companies | $ | 175 | $ | (213 | ) | $ | (1,578 | ) | |||
Non-U.S. companies | 786 | 772 | (26 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 961 | $ | 559 | $ | (1,604 | ) |
The current and deferred amounts of the provision (benefit) for income taxes follow (in millions):
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||||||
Current: | ||||||||||||
Federal | $ | (14 | ) | $ | (20 | ) | ||||||
State and municipal | $ | (8 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||
Foreign | 164 | 167 | 111 | |||||||||
Deferred: | ||||||||||||
Federal | 443 | 593 | ||||||||||
State and municipal | 227 | |||||||||||
Foreign | (101 | ) | (18 | ) | 180 | |||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | 55 | $ | 578 | $ | 1,084 |
Amounts are reflected in the preceding tables based on the location of the taxing authorities.
Reconciliation of the U.S. statutory income tax rate to our effective tax rate for continuing operations follows:
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||
Statutory U.S. income tax (benefit) rate | 35.0 | % | 35.0 | % | (35.0 | )% | |||
State income benefit, net of federal benefit | (0.2 | ) | (1.9 | ) | (2.4 | ) | |||
Nondeductible goodwill and other expenses | 0.4 | 0.3 | 27.0 | (9) | |||||
Worthless stock deductions | (1.4 | ) | (272.7 | )(3) | (0.2 | ) | |||
Tax holidays (7) | (10.1 | ) | (8.9 | ) | (1.2 | ) | |||
Investment & other tax credits (8) | (3.6 | ) | (12.7 | ) | (0.6 | ) | |||
Rate difference on foreign earnings | 6.1 | 10.2 | 2.5 | ||||||
Minimum pension obligation | (14.6 | )(10) | |||||||
Currency translation adjustment | (5.2 | ) | |||||||
Valuation allowances: | |||||||||
Provision (release) of prior period valuation allowances | (8.6 | )(6) | 94.0 | (2) | 57.6 | (1) | |||
Tax benefits (expenses) not recorded on losses (income) | (13.4 | )(5) | 280.0 | (3)(4) | 21.3 | (4) | |||
Other items, net | 1.5 | (0.1 | ) | (1.4 | ) | ||||
Effective income tax rate | 5.7 | % | 103.4 | % | 67.6 | % |
Significant items that cause our effective tax rate to vary from the U.S. statutory rate of 35% are as follows:
(1) |
In 2004, significant events occurred which required us to increase our valuation allowances against certain U.S. and German deferred tax assets resulting in an increase in our effective tax rate of 57.6%. Refer to Note 3 (Restructuring, Impairment and Other Charges and (Credits)) for additional information on these events and the related charges. At that time, we believed that it was more likely than not that we could realize the remaining net U.S. deferred tax assets of approximately $525 million through a tax planning strategy involving the sale of our investment in Dow Corning, a non-strategic appreciated asset, if we were faced with expiring net operating loss carryforwards. |
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(2) |
During 2005, Dow Cornings performance was much stronger than expected and Dow Corning resumed paying a dividend; both of which are expected to continue in the future. Due to this improved performance, we concluded that Dow Corning provides strong financial, geographic and market balance to Cornings portfolio of businesses, the profitability of which has become more concentrated due to the success of the display operating segment. As a result, we considered Dow Corning to be a strategic investment and could no longer assert that a potential tax planning strategy involving the sale of Dow Corning would be prudent, as required by FAS 109. Therefore, we no longer believed, in the forth quarter of 2005, that it was more likely than not that we would realize the remaining net deferred tax assets. Accordingly, we increased our valuation allowance by $525 million to fully reserve our net U.S. deferred tax assets in the fourth quarter of 2005, which increased our effective tax rate by 94%. |
(3) |
During the third quarter of 2005, Corning filed its 2004 consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return, which included a $3.9 billion worthless stock deduction for the loss on our investment in the photonic technologies business associated with the Pirelli acquisition. This acquisition was completed in December 2000 and was substantially impaired in the second quarter of 2001. Prior to the third quarter of 2005, we did not record a deferred tax asset for this item as the ultimate realization of such deduction was uncertain, and consistent with the requirements of SFAS 5, recognition of an asset prior to the time management determines the realization of the asset is probable is prohibited. On September 2, 2005, Corning and the Commissioner of the IRS entered into a closing agreement under section 7121 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which provides that Corning is entitled to this worthless stock deduction. We recorded a $1.5 billion deferred tax asset for this item in the third quarter, which was concurrently offset by a valuation allowance of an equal amount due to our inability to record tax benefits for U.S. net operating losses. The net result had no impact of our effective tax rate for 2005. |
(4) |
We were unable to record tax benefits on net operating losses generated in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, resulting in an increase in the effective tax rate of 7.3% and 21.3% for 2005 and 2004, respectively. |
(5) |
As described in, (1) and (2) above, in 2004 and 2005, due to losses in the U.S. in recent years, we recorded valuation allowances against 100 percent of our U.S. deferred tax assets and concluded that our tax provision would include only the net tax expense attributable to certain foreign operations until we achieve an appropriate level of profitability in the U.S. or we are able to develop tax planning strategies that enable us to conclude that it is more likely than not that a portion of our deferred tax assets would be realizable. While we did generate income from continuing operations in the U.S. in 2006, such income was largely offset by tax adjustments not reflected in our continuing operations. In the absence of an appropriate level of overall profitability in the U.S., we did not record tax expense on income from continuing operations in the U.S. in 2006, resulting in a reduction in our effective tax rate of 14.2%. |
(6) |
In 2006, due to sustained profitability and positive earnings projections in both Australia and at certain of our German operations, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that the underlying tax benefits are realizable and released valuation allowances, resulting in a reduction in our effective tax rate of 8.7%. |
(7) |
Certain foreign subsidiaries in China, South Africa and Taiwan are operating under tax holiday arrangements. The nature and extent of such arrangements vary, and the benefits of existing arrangements phase out in future years (2006 to 2010) according to the specific terms and schedules of the relevant taxing jurisdictions. The impact of the tax holidays on our effective rate is a reduction in the rate of 10.1%, 8.9% and 1.2% for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. |
(8) |
Taiwan grants investment tax credits for investments in qualifying machinery and equipment. The impact of such credits on our effective tax rate is a reduction in the rate of 3.1%, 12.3%, and 0.4% for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively. |
(9) |
The impairment of Telecommunications segment goodwill in 2004 was not deductible for tax purposes, resulting in an increase in the effective tax rate of 26.2%. |
(10) |
The elimination of our minimum pension liability for the domestic qualified plan in 2005 resulted in a decrease in the effective tax rate of 14.6%. |
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7. Income Taxes (continued)
The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities follows (in millions):
December 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
Loss and tax credit carryforwards | $ | 2,399 | $ | 2,723 | |||
Capitalized research and development | 142 | 176 | |||||
Restructuring reserves | 215 | 230 | |||||
Postretirement medical and life benefits | 309 | 248 | |||||
Inventory | 63 | 51 | |||||
Intangible and other assets | 64 | 86 | |||||
Other accrued liabilities | 339 | 340 | |||||
Other employee benefits | 182 | ||||||
Other |
17 |
||||||
Gross deferred tax assets | 3,730 | 3,854 | |||||
Valuation allowance | (3,542 | ) | (3,672 | ) | |||
Deferred tax assets | 188 | 182 | |||||
Fixed assets | (50 | ) | (80 | ) | |||
Other employee benefits | (67 | ) | |||||
Other | (7 | ) | |||||
Deferred tax liabilities | (50 | ) | (154 | ) | |||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 138 | $ | 28 |
The net deferred tax assets are included in (in millions):
December 31, | |||||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||||
Current assets | $ | 47 | $ | 44 | |||
Other assets | 114 | 10 | |||||
Other current liabilities | (1 | ) | |||||
Other noncurrent liabilities | (22 | ) | (26 | ) | |||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 138 | $ | 28 |
Details on the tax effects of loss and tax credit carryforwards at December 31, 2006 follow (in millions):
Expiration | ||||||||||||||
Amount | 2007-2011 | 2012-2016 | 2017-2025 | Indefinite | ||||||||||
Federal net operating losses | $ | 1,633 | $ | 5 | $ | 1,628 | ||||||||
State net operating losses | 190 | $ | 20 | 16 | 154 | |||||||||
Capital losses | 61 | 61 | ||||||||||||
Contributions | 9 | 9 | ||||||||||||
Foreign net operating losses/credits | 324 | 51 | 3 | $ | 270 | |||||||||
Foreign tax credits | 70 | 70 | ||||||||||||
Research & other credits | 30 | 1 | 2 | 27 | ||||||||||
Alternative minimum tax credits | 41 | 41 | ||||||||||||
Various state tax credits | 41 | 15 | 15 | 11 | ||||||||||
Totals as of December 31, 2006 | $ | 2,399 | $ | 227 | $ | 38 | $ | 1,823 | $ | 311 |
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7. Income Taxes (continued)
The tax effects of Federal and state net operating losses above exclude $134 million in 2006 tax benefits attributable to stock-based compensation. The benefits are not recognized until the related deductions reduce taxes payable; since in our case the tax benefits do not reduce taxes payable due to net operating losses in the current period and/or due to loss carryforwards, the windfall tax benefits are not reflected in our deferred tax asset for losses and tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2006.
Changes in the valuation allowance balance follow:
Years ended December 31, | |||||
2006 | 2005 | ||||
Valuation allowance at beginning of year | $3,672 | $1,747 | |||
Charged (credited) to income tax expense | (211 | ) | 2,089 | ||
Charged (credited) to equity earnings | (28 | ) | (22 | ) | |
Charged (credited) to other comprehensive income | 258 | (91 | ) | ||
Charged (credited) to deferred taxes | (149 | ) | (51 | ) | |
Valuation allowance at end of year | $3,542 | $3,672 |
The change credited to deferred taxes is attributable to translation, write-offs due to entity structure changes and other adjustments.
We do not provide income taxes on the post-1992 earnings of domestic subsidiaries that we expect to recover tax-free without significant cost. Income taxes have been provided for post-1992 unremitted earnings of domestic corporate joint ventures that we do not expect to recover tax-free. Unremitted earnings of domestic subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures that arose in fiscal years beginning on or before December 31, 1992 have been indefinitely reinvested. We currently provide income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries and affiliated companies to the extent these earnings are currently taxable or expected to be remitted. As of December 31, 2006, taxes have not been provided on approximately $3.2 billion of accumulated foreign unremitted earnings which are expected to remain invested indefinitely.
The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the Act) was signed into law on October 22, 2004. The Act introduced a special one-time (for 2004 or 2005) 85% dividends received deduction for certain repatriated foreign earnings. Our remittance plans did not change as a result of this provision. Our accumulated foreign unremitted earnings are expected to remain invested indefinitely.
The Act also provided for the repeal of the extraterritorial income tax regime (through reduced benefits in 2005 and 2006, with full repeal effective for 2007) and the allowance of a deduction for qualified domestic production activities (phased in over the years 2005 to 2009 and fully effective in 2010). Neither of these changes is expected to have a significant impact on our effective tax rate or U.S. tax liabilities because of our loss position in the U.S. and the resulting valuation allowances against our U.S. deferred tax assets.
We are subject to income tax examinations in various jurisdictions, the most significant of which are the U.S., Germany, Japan and Taiwan. We believe our tax contingency liabilities are adequate for any adjustments which may ultimately result from these examinations. However, since tax laws and regulations are subject to interpretation, the final results of income tax examinations could differ significantly from what we have reflected in our income tax accounts and could have a material effect on our tax provision, net income and/or cash flows in a future period or periods in which such a conclusion is reached. Due to the complexity involved in these matters we are not able to estimate the range of reasonably possible losses in excess of amounts recorded.
As described in Note 1, Corning is required to adopt the provisions of FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007; the cumulative effect of adoption will be recorded as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for 2007. We currently estimate that the adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings for 2007 will be less than $10 million. We estimate compliance with FIN 48 will not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.
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8. Investments
Investments comprise the following (in millions):
Ownership | December 31, | ||||||
Interest(1) | 2006 | 2005 | |||||
Affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method: | |||||||
Samsung Corning Precision Glass Co., Ltd. | 50% | $ | 1,380 | $ | 859 | ||
Dow Corning Corporation | 50% | 683 | 473 | ||||
Samsung Corning Co., Ltd. | 50% | 254 | 231 | ||||
All other | 25%-50% | 202 | 162 | ||||
2,519 | 1,725 | ||||||
Other investments | 3 | 4 | |||||
Total | $ | 2,522 | $ | 1,729 |
(1) | Amounts reflect Cornings direct ownership interests in the respective affiliated companies. Corning does not control any of such entities. |
Affiliated Companies at Equity
The financial position and results of operations of the investments accounted for under the equity method follow (in millions):
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Statement of Operations: | ||||||||
Net sales | $ | 8,039 | $ | 6,979 | $ | 6,146 | ||
Gross profit | $ | 3,368 | $ | 2,866 | $ | 2,341 | ||
Net income | $ | 1,968 | $ | 1,250 | $ | 1,036 | ||
Cornings equity in earnings of affiliated companies(1)(2) | $ | 960 | $ | 611 | $ | 454 | ||
Related Party Transactions: | ||||||||
Corning sales to equity company affiliates | $ | 43 | $ | 9 | $ | 37 | ||
Corning purchases from equity company affiliates | $ | 61 | $ | 101 | $ | 106 | ||
Corning transfers of assets, at cost, to affiliates | $ | 71 | $ | 116 | $ | 90 | ||
Dividends received from affiliated companies | $ | 363 | $ | 301 | $ | 140 | ||
Royalty income from affiliated companies | $ | 88 | $ | 75 | $ | 47 | ||
December 31, | ||||||||
2006 | 2005 | |||||||
Balance Sheet: | ||||||||
Current assets | $ | 5,027 | $ | 3,596 | ||||
Noncurrent assets | $ | 6,358 | $ | 5,023 | ||||
Short-term borrowings, including current portion of long-term debt | $ | 94 | $ | 88 | ||||
Other current liabilities | $ | 1,825 | $ | 1,520 | ||||
Long-term debt | $ | 339 | $ | 153 | ||||
Other long-term liabilities | $ | 2,879 | $ | 2,676 | ||||
Minority interest | $ | 346 | $ | 223 | ||||
Related Party Transactions: | ||||||||
Balances due from affiliates | $ | 26 | $ | 23 | ||||
Balances due to affiliates | $ | 8 | $ | 43 |
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(1) | Equity in earnings shown above and in the consolidated statements of operations are net of amounts recorded for income tax. | |