Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

(Mark One)

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 000-51026

 

Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.

(EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER)

 

Delaware   77-0466789

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

6409 Guadalupe Mines Road, San Jose, CA 95120 (408) 826-0600

(ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES, INCLUDING ZIP CODE AND TELEPHONE NUMBER)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value   The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).    ¨  Yes    x  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨

  Accelerated filer  x   Non-accelerated filer  ¨   Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨  Yes    x  No

The number of shares of the registrant’s stock outstanding as of June 30, 2008 was 33,669,624. The closing price of the registrant’s common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market as of June 30, 2008 was $21.62. The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant based upon the closing price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 30, 2008 was $542,800,952.*

There were 33,836,887 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding as of February 19, 2009.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The Proxy Statement will be filed within 120 days of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.

 

 

* Excludes 8,563,197 shares of the registrant’s common stock held by executive officers, directors and stockholders whose ownership exceeds 5% (“affiliates”) of the Common Stock outstanding at June 30, 2008. Exclusion of such shares should not be construed to indicate that any such person possesses the power, direct or indirect, to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of the registrant or that such person is controlled by or under common control with the registrant.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
PART I

Item 1.

  

Business

   4
  

Executive Officers of the Registrant

   10

Item 1A

  

Risk Factors

   12

Item 1B

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

   25

Item 2.

  

Properties

   25

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   25

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   27
PART II

Item 5.

  

Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   28

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   30

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   31

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   45

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   47

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   81

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   81

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

   82
PART III

Item 10.

  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   83

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   83

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   83

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   83

Item 14.

  

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   83
PART IV

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

   84
  

Signatures

   88

 

Except as the context otherwise requires, the terms “Monolithic Power Systems”, “MPS”, “Registrant”, “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” as used herein are references to Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This annual report on Form 10-K and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that have been made pursuant to and in reliance on the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include among other things, statements concerning:

 

  Ÿ  

the above-average industry growth of product market areas that we have targeted;

 

  Ÿ  

our plan to introduce additional new products within our existing product families as well as in new product categories;

 

  Ÿ  

the impact of our outstanding litigation and environmental issues on the revenue we derive from our CCFL product line;

 

  Ÿ  

the effect of auction-rate securities on our liquidity and capital resources;

 

  Ÿ  

the application of our products in the computer, consumer electronics, and communications markets continuing to account for a majority of our revenue;

 

  Ÿ  

estimates of our future liquidity requirements;

 

  Ÿ  

the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry;

 

  Ÿ  

protection of our proprietary technology;

 

  Ÿ  

near term business outlook for 2009;

 

  Ÿ  

factors that we believe will impact our ability to achieve revenue growth;

 

  Ÿ  

the percentage of our total revenue from various market segments;

 

  Ÿ  

our facility in China for testing our ICs;

 

  Ÿ  

anticipated demand for our products and anticipated global demand for electronics; and

 

  Ÿ  

our anticipated needs for additional facilities for our operations.

 

In some cases, words such as “would,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “predict,” “potential,” “targets,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “project,” “forecast,” “will,” the negative of these terms or other variations of such terms and similar expressions relating to the future identify forward-looking statements.

 

All forward-looking statements are based on our current outlook, expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and plans or objectives about our business and our industry. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those predicted or implied in any such forward-looking statements.

 

Risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially include those set forth throughout this annual report on Form 10-K and, in particular, in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors”.

 

We disclaim any duty to and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information relating to existing conditions, future events or otherwise or to release publicly the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K. Readers should carefully review future reports and documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, such as our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and any current reports on Form 8-K.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

General

 

Monolithic Power Systems designs, develops and markets proprietary, advanced analog and mixed-signal semiconductors. We combine advanced process technology with our highly experienced analog designers to produce high-performance power management integrated circuits (ICs) for DC to DC converters, LED drivers, Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) backlight controllers, Class-D audio amplifiers, and other Linear ICs. Our products are used extensively in computing and network communications products, flat panel TVs, set top boxes and a wide variety of consumer and portable electronics products. We partner with world-class manufacturing organizations to deliver top quality, ultra-compact, high-performance solutions through productive, cost-efficient channels. Founded in 1997 and headquartered in San Jose, California, we have expanded our global presence with offices in Taiwan, China, Korea, Japan, and Europe, which operate under MPS International, Ltd.

 

Industry Overview

 

Semiconductors comprise the basic building blocks of electronic systems and equipment. Within the semiconductor industry, components can be classified either as discrete devices, such as individual transistors, or as ICs, in which a number of transistors and other elements are combined to form a more complicated electronic circuit. ICs can be further divided into three primary categories: digital, analog, and mixed-signal. Digital ICs, such as memory devices and microprocessors, can store or perform arithmetic functions on data that is represented by a series of ones and zeroes. Analog ICs, in contrast, handle real world signals such as temperature, pressure, light, sound, or speed. In addition, analog ICs also perform power management functions, such as regulating or converting voltages, for electronic devices. Mixed-signal ICs combine digital and analog functions onto a single chip and play an important role in bridging real world phenomena to digital systems.

 

Analog and Mixed-Signal Markets.    We focus on the market for ‘high performance’ analog and mixed-signal ICs. ‘High performance’ products generally are differentiated by functionality and performance factors which include integration of higher levels of functionality onto a single chip, greater precision, higher speed and lower heat and noise. There are several key factors that distinguish analog and mixed-signal IC markets from digital IC markets and in particular the high performance portion of the analog and mixed signal IC market. These factors include longer product life cycles, numerous market segments, technology that is difficult to replicate, relative complexity of design and process technology, importance of experienced design engineers, lower capital requirements and diversity of end markets. We have, however, targeted product and market areas that we believe have the ability to offer above average industry growth over the long term.

 

Products and Applications

 

We currently have three primary product families that address multiple applications within the computing, consumer electronics, and communications markets. Our products are differentiated with respect to their high degree of integration and strong levels of accuracy and efficiency, making them cost-effective relative to many competing solutions. These product families include:

 

Direct Current (DC) to DC Converters.    DC to DC converter ICs are used to convert and control voltages within a broad range of electronic systems, such as portable electronic devices, wireless LAN access points, computers, set top boxes, automobiles and medical equipment. We believe that our DC to DC converters are differentiated in the market, particularly with respect to their

 

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high degree of integration and rapid switching speeds. These features are important to our customers as they result in fewer components, a smaller form factor, more accurate regulation of voltages, and, ultimately, lower system cost and increased reliability through the elimination of many discrete components and power devices.

 

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Backlight Inverters.    LCD backlight inverter ICs are used in systems that provide the light source for LCD panels typically found in notebook computers, LCD monitors, car navigational systems, and LCD televisions. These ICs function by converting low-voltage direct current (DC) or battery voltage to high-voltage alternating current (AC). We believe our LCD backlight inverter ICs were the first to utilize a full bridge resonant topology that allows for high efficiency, extended lifetimes for cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), and lower signal interference with adjacent components. The full bridge topology is now the industry standard for these products. We also believe that our LCD backlight inverter ICs are the semiconductor industry’s only backlight inverter ICs with four fully-integrated power devices. This integration reduces the overall size, total solution part count, and cost for our customers. Our LCD product family encompasses all of the products that we formerly referred to as our CCFL product family, as well as other non-CCFL solutions for LCD backlight inverters.

 

Audio Amplifiers.    Audio amplifier ICs are used to amplify sound produced by audio processors. We currently offer Class-D audio amplifiers, which are well-suited for applications that require both a small form factor and high power efficiency, such as plasma televisions, LCD televisions and DVD players. With today’s systems becoming smaller and utilizing larger amounts of power, solution sizes and the management of heat dissipation are becoming increasingly important to the overall system design. The high degree of power efficiency and small form factor provided by our Class-D audio amplifiers allows system vendors to significantly reduce heat dissipation, eliminating the costly and sizable fans and heat sinks traditionally required by audio amplifier ICs. These features enable our customers to achieve their design and cost objectives without sacrificing sound quality.

 

We currently target our products at the computing, consumer electronics and communications markets, with the consumer market representing the largest portion of our revenue. As we continue to expand our product portfolio and addressable markets, and as other end markets in which we participate continue to grow, we expect our revenue from the consumer market to decline as a percentage of our total revenue over time.

 

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The following is a brief summary of our product family solutions for various applications. For each of these applications, we are currently shipping product or have design wins, which are decisions by original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, or original design manufacturers, or ODMs, to use our ICs:

 

Application

  LCD
Backlight
Inverters
  DC to DC
Converters
  Audio
Amplifiers
  Xenon
Flash
  Linear
Chargers
  Current
Limit
Switches

Computing

           

Computers and PDA devices

  X   X         X

LCD Monitors

  X   X   X      

Disk Drives/Storage Networks

    X         X

Consumer Electronics

           

LCD TV Displays

  X   X   X       X

Plasma TV Displays

  X   X   X       X

Set Top Boxes

    X         X

DVD Players

  X   X   X      

Digital Still Cameras

    X     X   X  

GPS and Infotainment systems

  X   X         X

Communications

           

Cellular Handsets

    X   X   X   X  

Networking Infrastructure

    X        

VOIP

    X        

Wireless Access Points

    X        

 

We derive a majority of our revenue from the sales of our DC to DC converter IC product family to the computing, consumer electronics and communications markets. In the future, we will continue to introduce additional new products within our existing product families, such as high current, high voltage, small form factor switching voltage regulators, as well as expand our newer product families in battery chargers, voltage references and low dropout regulators. Our ability to achieve revenue growth will depend in part upon our ability to enter new market segments, gain market share, grow in regions outside of Greater China, expand our customer base and successfully secure manufacturing capacity.

 

Please refer to the table showing our revenue by product family in the section entitled “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations”.

 

Customers, Sales, and Marketing

 

We sell our products through third party distributors and directly to OEMs, ODMs, and electronic manufacturing service providers. Our third party distributors are subject to distribution agreements with us which allow the distributor to sell our products to end customers and other resellers. Distributors may distribute our products to end customers which include OEMs, ODMs or electronic manufacturing service providers. ODMs typically design and manufacture electronic products on behalf of OEMs, and electronic manufacturing service providers typically provide manufacturing services for OEMs and other electronic product suppliers. The following is a summary for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 of those customers that accounted for more than 10% of our total revenue in one or more of these years:

 

     Revenue
Year ended December 31,
 

Customers

  

2008

   

2007

   

2006

 

A

   20 %   18 %   17 %

B

   10 %   15 %   14 %

 

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Current distribution agreements with several of our major distributors provide that each distributor shall have the non-exclusive right to sell and use its best efforts to promote and develop a market for our products in several countries in Asia. These agreements may be terminated by either us or the distributor on up to three months’ notice. These agreements provide that payment for purchases from us will generally occur within 30 to 45 days from the date of invoice. In addition, we allow for limited stock rotation in certain agreements.

 

We have sales offices located in the United States, Taiwan, China, Korea and Japan and have marketing representatives in Europe. Our products typically require a highly technical sales and applications engineering effort where we assist our customers in the design and use of our products in their application. We maintain a staff of applications engineers who work directly with our customers’ engineers in the development of their systems electronics containing our products.

 

Because our sales are billed and payable in United States dollars, our sales are not directly subject to fluctuating currency exchange rates. However, because 89% of our revenue in 2008 was attributable to direct or indirect sales to customers in Asia, changes in the relative value of the dollar may create pricing pressures for our products.

 

Our sales are made primarily pursuant to standard individual purchase orders. Our backlog consists of orders that we have received from customers which have not yet shipped. Our backlog at December 31, 2008 was $10.4 million. We believe that backlog is not necessarily a good indicator of our future sales. Order lead times may vary, and, as is common within our industry, customers are allowed to reschedule or cancel orders on relatively short notice. Our quarterly revenue is also influenced by orders booked and shipped within that quarter which are not reflected as backlog at the end of any preceding quarter. Our manufacturing lead times are generally 4 to 12 weeks and we often build inventory in advance of customer orders based on our forecast of future customer orders. This subjects us to certain risks, most notably the possibility that sales will not meet our forecast, which could lead to inventories in excess of demand. If excess inventory exists, it may be necessary for us to sell it at a substantial discount or dispose of it altogether, either of which would negatively affect our profit margins.

 

We operate in the cyclical semiconductor industry where there is seasonal demand for certain of our products. While we are not and will not be immune from current and future industry downturns, we have targeted product and market areas that we believe have the ability to offer above average industry performance over the long term.

 

Research and Development

 

We have assembled a qualified team of engineers in the United States, China and Europe with core competencies in analog and mixed-signal design. Through our research and development efforts, we have developed a collection of intellectual property and know-how that we are able to leverage across our products and markets. These include the development of high efficiency power devices, the design of precision analog circuits, expertise in mixed-signal integration and the development of proprietary semiconductor process technologies.

 

Our research and development efforts are generally targeted at three areas: systems architecture, circuit design and implementation, and process technology. In the area of systems architecture, we are exploring new ways of solving our customers’ system design challenges and are investing in the development of systems expertise in new markets and applications that align well with our core capabilities. In the area of circuit design and implementation, our initiatives include expanding our portfolio of products and adding new features to our products.

 

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Please refer to the discussion of the amount spent on research and development during each of the last three fiscal years in the section entitled “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Research and Development”.

 

Patents and Intellectual Property Matters

 

We rely on our proprietary technologies, which include both our proprietary circuit designs for our products and our proprietary manufacturing process technologies. Our future success and competitive position depend in part upon our ability to obtain and maintain protection of our proprietary technologies.

 

In general, we have elected to pursue patent protection for aspects of our circuit designs that we believe are patentable and to protect our manufacturing process technologies by maintaining those process technologies as trade secrets. As of January 12, 2009, we had approximately 240 patents issued and pending, of which 43 have been issued in the United States. Our U.S. issued patents are scheduled to expire at various times through August 2026 and our other issued patents are scheduled to expire at various times through December 2027. Our patents are material to our business, but we do not rely on any one particular patent for our success. We also rely on a combination of nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions, as well as our employees’ commitment to confidentiality and loyalty, to protect our technology, know-how, and processes. We have entered into a patent license agreement with another integrated circuit company, pursuant to which we have granted this company a license (with certain limited sublicense rights) under certain of our patents to make, use, and sell certain of this company’s own integrated circuit products for a period of two years, and for which this company is obligated to pay us royalties based on sales of those products. We also seek to register certain of our trademarks as we deem appropriate. We have not registered any of our copyrights and do not believe registration of copyrights is material to our business. Despite precautions that we take, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our current or future technology or products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. There can be no assurance that the steps we take will be adequate to protect our proprietary rights, that our patent applications will lead to issued patents, that others will not develop or patent similar or superior products or technologies, or that our patents will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by others. Furthermore, the laws of the countries in which our products are or may be developed, manufactured or sold may not protect our products and intellectual property rights to the same extent as laws in the United States. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary technologies could harm our business.

 

The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent claims of infringement and litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights, such as our litigation with O2Micro International Limited (“O2Micro”), Linear Technology Corporation (“Linear”) and Chip Advanced Technology Inc. (“CAT”). For a more complete description of our legal matters, please read the section entitled Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements. Patent infringement is an ongoing risk, in part because other companies in our industry could have patent rights that may not be identifiable when we initiate development efforts. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, and we may have to defend ourselves against infringement claims. Any such litigation could be very costly and may divert our management resources. Further, we have agreed to indemnify certain of our customers and a supplier in some circumstances against liability from infringement by our products. In the event any third party were to make an infringement claim against us or our customers, we could be enjoined from selling selected products or could be required to indemnify our customers or supplier or pay royalties or other damages to third parties. If any of our products is found to infringe and we are unable to obtain necessary licenses or other rights on acceptable terms, we would either have to change our product so that it does not infringe or stop making the infringing product, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

 

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Manufacturing

 

We utilize a fabless business model, working with third parties to manufacture and assemble our integrated circuits. This fabless approach allows us to focus our engineering and design resources on our strengths and to reduce our fixed costs and capital expenditures. In contrast to many fabless semiconductor companies, which utilize standard process technologies and design rules established by their foundry partners, we have developed our own proprietary process technology and collaborate with our foundry partners to install our technology on their equipment in their facilities for use solely on our behalf. This close collaboration and control over the manufacturing process has historically resulted in favorable yields and product performance for our integrated circuits.

 

We currently contract with two suppliers to manufacture our wafers in foundries located in China. Once our silicon wafers have been produced, they are shipped to our facility in Chengdu, China for wafer sort. Our semiconductor products are then assembled and packaged by independent subcontractors in Malaysia and China. The assembled ICs are then sent for final testing at our Chengdu facility prior to shipping to our customers.

 

In September 2004, we signed an agreement with a Chinese local authority to construct a facility in Chengdu, China, initially for the testing of our ICs. Pursuant to this agreement, we agreed to contribute capital in the form of cash, in-kind assets, and/or intellectual property, of at least $5.0 million to our wholly-owned Chinese subsidiary as the registered capital for the subsidiary and have exercised the option to purchase land use rights for the facility for approximately $0.2 million. We also have the option to acquire the facility after a five-year lease term for the original construction cost less rents paid, which is currently estimated at $2.0 million, which option becomes exercisable in March 2011. The facility has been fully operational since 2006 and we have benefitted from shorter manufacturing cycle times and lower labor and overhead costs. Furthermore, we are continuing to expand our product testing capabilities in our China facility and are able to take advantage of the rich pool of local engineering talent to expand our manufacturing support and engineering operations.

 

Key Personnel and Employees

 

Our performance is substantially dependent on the performance of our executive officers and key employees. Due to the relative complexity of the design of our analog and mixed-signal ICs, our engineers generally have more years of experience and greater circuit design aptitude than the more prevalent digital circuit design engineer. Analog engineers with advanced skills are limited in number and difficult to replace. The loss of the services of key officers, managers, engineers and other technical personnel would harm the business. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to attract, train, retain, and motivate highly qualified technical and managerial personnel. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining organization, and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike. Our management considers employee relations to be good. As of December 31, 2008, we employed 579 employees located in the United States, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea and Europe.

 

Competition

 

The analog and mixed-signal semiconductor industry is highly competitive, and we expect competitive pressures to continue. Our ability to compete effectively and to expand our business will depend on our ability to continue to recruit both applications engineering and design engineering personnel, our ability to introduce new products, and our ability to maintain the rate at which we introduce these new products. Our industry is characterized by decreasing unit selling prices over the life of a product. We compete with domestic and international semiconductor companies, many of which have substantially greater financial and other resources with which to pursue engineering,

 

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manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their products. We are in direct and active competition, with respect to one or more of our product lines, with at least 10 manufacturers of such products, of varying size and financial strength. The number of our competitors has grown due to expansion of the market segments in which we participate. We consider our primary competitors to include Analog Devices, Inc., Fairchild Semiconductor International, Intersil Corporation, Linear Technology, Maxim Integrated Products, Micrel Inc., Microsemi Corporation, National Semiconductor Corporation, O2Micro International, Richtek Technology Corporation, Rohm Co., Ltd., Semtech Corporation, STMicroelectronics N.V. and Texas Instruments Incorporated.

 

We expect continued competition from existing competitors as well as competition from new entrants into the semiconductor market. We believe that we are competitive with respect to these factors, particularly because our ICs typically are smaller in size, are highly integrated, possess higher levels of power management functionalities and achieve high performance specifications at lower price points than most of our competition. However, we cannot assure you that our products will continue to compete favorably or that we will be successful in the face of increasing competition from new products and enhancements introduced by existing competitors or new companies entering this market.

 

Geographical and Segment Information

 

Please refer to the geographical and segment information for each of the last three fiscal years in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Please refer to the discussion of risks attendant to our foreign operations in the section entitled “Item 1A: Risk Factors”.

 

Available Information

 

We were incorporated in California in 1997 and reincorporated in Delaware in November 2004. Our executive offices are located at 6409 Guadalupe Mines Road, San Jose, CA 95120. Our telephone number is (408) 826-0600. Our e-mail address is investors@monolithicpower.com, and our website is www.monolithicpower.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge. These may be obtained from our website, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission, or at the SEC website at www.sec.gov. Information contained on our website is not a part of this Form 10-K.

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

The executive officers of the Company, and their ages as of February 28, 2009 are as follows:

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Michael R. Hsing

   49    President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director

Rick Neely

   54   

CFO, Senior Vice President of Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

Deming Xiao

   46    President of MPS Asia Operations

Maurice Sciammas

   49    Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing

Adriana Chiocchi

   46    Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary

Paul Ueunten

   54    Senior Vice President of Engineering

 

Michael R. Hsing has served on our board of directors and has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since founding Monolithic Power Systems in August 1997. Before founding our

 

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company, Mr. Hsing held senior technical positions at companies such as Supertex, Inc. and Micrel, Inc. Mr. Hsing is an inventor on numerous patents related to the process development of bipolar mixed-signal semiconductor manufacturing. Mr. Hsing holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Florida.

 

Rick Neely joined us in September 2005. He currently serves as our Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer. From November 2002 to September 2005, he served as Chief Financial Officer of NuCORE Technology. Prior to that, he was the principal of his own consulting practice from May 2001 to November 2002. He also served as Chief Financial Officer of Alventive Inc. from May 2000 to May 2001. Prior to that he served as Chief Financial Officer and Interim Chief Executive Officer of Beyond.com, Vice President of Finance and Operations at Synopsys, and Vice President and Corporate Controller of Heartport. Mr. Neely spent 16 years, from 1980 to 1996, with Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) in a variety of senior financial management positions worldwide. Mr. Neely is on the Board of Directors of Aviza Technology, Inc. Mr. Neely holds a MBA from the University of Chicago and an undergraduate degree in Economics from Whitman College.

 

Maurice Sciammas currently serves as our Senior Vice President of Worldwide Sales and Marketing. Mr. Sciammas joined the Company in July 1999 and served as Vice President of Products and Vice President of Sales (excluding greater China) until he was appointed to his current position. Before joining the Company, he was Director of IC Products at Supertex from 1990 to 1999. He has also held positions at Micrel, Inc. He holds a B.S.E.E. degree from San Jose State University.

 

Deming Xiao has served as our President of our Asia Operations since January 2008. Since joining us in May 2001, Mr. Xiao has held several executive positions, including Foundry Manager and Senior Vice President of Operations. Before joining us, from June 2000 to May 2001, Mr. Xiao was Engineering Account Manager at Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, Inc. Prior to that, Mr. Xiao spent 6 years as the Manager of Process Integration Engineering at Fairchild Imaging Sensors. Mr. Xiao holds a B.S. in Semiconductor Physics from Sichuan University, Chengdu, China and a M.S.E.E. from Wayne State University.

 

Adriana Chiocchi joined us in October 2006. She currently serves as our Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary. From February 2006 until October 2006, Ms. Chiocchi was an independent consultant providing general counsel services to public and private technology companies and then with Silicon Valley Law Group. From July 2004 to January 2006, Ms. Chiocchi was Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary for Plumtree Software which was acquired by BEA Systems. From February 2002 to July 2004, she served as the Senior Corporate Counsel for Veritas Corporation. Prior to joining Veritas, Ms. Chiocchi served as Vice President of Business Development and Legal Affairs for General Magic, Inc. and Senior Vice President for Marsh USA. She also served as Senior Counsel for Cadence Design Systems and Advanced Micro Devices. Ms. Chiocchi holds a JD and MBA from the University of Southern California, and a B.A. from the University of California, San Diego. She is a member of the California Bar Association.

 

Paul Ueunten has served as our Senior Vice President of Design Engineering since October 2007. Mr. Ueunten joined us in May 1998 and held several senior level positions, including Vice President of Design Engineering. Before joining us, Mr. Ueunten held positions at National Semiconductor, Signetics Corporation and Sperry Flight Systems. Mr. Ueunten holds a MS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Santa Clara, a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and a BS in Engineering-Physics from Pacific Lutheran University. Mr. Ueunten is credited with a number of patents and is a Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

 

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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

Our business involves risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the risks described below, together with all of the other information in this annual report on Form 10-K and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission in evaluating our business. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and growth prospects would likely be adversely affected. In such an event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Our past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. These risks involve forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.

 

If we are unsuccessful in any of the legal proceedings involving us and O2Micro, we could be prevented from selling many of our products and/or be required to pay substantial damages. An unfavorable outcome or an additional award of damages, attorneys’ fees or an injunction could cause our revenue to decline significantly and could severely harm our business and operating results.

 

We are engaged in legal proceedings with O2Micro. These proceedings involve various claims and counterclaims in the United States and Taiwan alleging, among other things, patent infringement. O2Micro has also taken legal action against certain customers, which we are indemnifying. Other new or existing customers may request similar indemnity from us because of continued legal actions between us and O2Micro. We are also involved in litigation with CAT. See the section entitled “Item 3. Legal Proceedings” of this annual report on Form 10-K for more information.

 

If we or our customer are not ultimately successful in any of these proceedings or other litigation that could be brought against us, or if any of the decisions in our favor are reversed on appeal, we could be ordered to pay monetary fines and/or damages. If we are found liable for willful patent infringement, damages could be doubled or tripled. We and/or our customers could also be prevented from selling some or all of our products, either into Taiwan or in the U.S. Moreover, our customers and end-users could decide not to use our products or our products or our customers’ accounts payable to us could be seized in Taiwan. Finally, interim developments in these proceedings could increase the volatility in our stock price as the market assesses the impact of such developments on the likelihood that we will or will not ultimately prevail in these proceedings.

 

In July 2007, we settled our litigation with Taiwan Sumida Electronics, Inc. (“TSE”) concerning our December 25, 2002 Indemnification Agreement with TSE. If certain conditions are met under the Settlement Agreement, we could be liable for additional potential payments up to a total sum of $7.4 million, which is currently held in escrow, subject to the outcome of certain legal activities.

 

Given our inability to control the timing and nature of significant events in our legal proceedings, our legal expenses are difficult to forecast and may vary substantially from our publicly-disclosed forecasts with respect to any given quarter, which could contribute to increased volatility in our stock price and business.

 

Until our legal proceedings with O2Micro, TSE and CAT are resolved, we will continue to incur significant legal expenses that vary with the level of activity in each of these proceedings. This level of activity is not entirely within our control as we may need to respond to legal actions by the opposing parties or scheduling decisions by the judges. Consequently, it is difficult for us to forecast our legal expenses for any given quarter, which adversely affects our ability to forecast our expected results of operations in general. If we fail to meet the expectations of securities or industry analysts as a result of unexpected changes in our legal expenses, our stock price could be impacted.

 

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Our ongoing legal proceedings and the potential for additional legal proceedings have diverted financial and management resources.

 

The semiconductor industry is characterized by frequent claims of infringement and litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights, such as our litigation matters with O2Micro, Linear and CAT. Patent infringement is an ongoing risk, in part because other companies in our industry could have patent rights that may not be identifiable when we initiate development efforts. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, and we may have to defend ourselves against additional infringement claims. Such litigation is very costly. In the event any third party makes a new infringement claim against us or our customers, we could incur additional ongoing legal expenses. Our management team may also be required to devote a great deal of time, effort and energy to these legal proceedings, which could adversely affect our business.

 

We expect our operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and year to year, which may make it difficult to predict our future performance and could cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our revenue, expenses, and results of operations are difficult to predict, have varied significantly in the past and will continue to fluctuate significantly in the future due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. We expect fluctuations to continue for a number of reasons, including:

 

  Ÿ  

a deterioration in general demand for electronic products as a result of worldwide financial crises and associated macro-economic slowdowns;

 

  Ÿ  

a deterioration in business conditions at our distributors and/or end-customers;

 

  Ÿ  

adverse general economic conditions in the countries where our products are sold or used;

 

  Ÿ  

the timing of developments and related expenses in our litigation matters with O2Micro, TSE, Linear and CAT and any future litigation;

 

  Ÿ  

the possibility of additional lost business as a result of customer and prospective customer concerns about adverse outcomes in our litigations or about being litigation targets;

 

  Ÿ  

continued dependence on our turns business (orders received and shipped within the same fiscal quarter);

 

  Ÿ  

increases in assembly costs due to commodity price increases;

 

  Ÿ  

the timing of new product introductions by us and our competitors;

 

  Ÿ  

the acceptance of our new products in the marketplace;

 

  Ÿ  

our ability to develop new process technologies and achieve volume production;

 

  Ÿ  

the scheduling, rescheduling, or cancellation of orders by our customers;

 

  Ÿ  

the cyclical nature of demand for our customers’ products;

 

  Ÿ  

inventory levels and product obsolescence;

 

  Ÿ  

seasonality and variability in the computer, consumer electronics, and communications markets;

 

  Ÿ  

the availability of adequate manufacturing capacity from our outside suppliers;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in manufacturing yields; and

 

  Ÿ  

movements in exchange rates, interest rates or tax rates.

 

Due to the factors noted above and other risks described in this section, many of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on quarter-to-quarter or year-over-year comparisons to predict

 

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our future financial performance. Unfavorable changes in any of the above factors may seriously harm our business and cause our stock price to decline.

 

The market for government-backed student loan auction-rate securities with interest rates that reset every 7 to 35 days, has recently suffered a decline in liquidity which may impact the liquidity and potential value of our investment portfolio.

 

The market for government-backed student loan auction-rate securities with interest rates that reset through a Dutch auction every 7 to 35 days, became illiquid in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, our investment portfolio included $37.4 million, net of temporary impairment charges of $1.4 million, in government-backed student loan auction-rate securities. As of that date, $38.8 million, the face value of our auction-rate security investments, have failed to reset through successful auctions and it is unclear as to when these investments will regain their liquidity. The underlying maturity of these auction-rate securities is up to 30 years and the underlying credit quality of these instruments in which we have invested remains AAA rated.

 

Based on certain assumptions described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements and the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of Part II, Item 7 of this annual report on Form 10-K, we recorded impairment charges on these investments in 2008. The valuation is subject to fluctuations in the future, which will depend on many factors, including the collateral quality, potential to be called or restructured, underlying final maturity, insurance guaranty, liquidity and market conditions, among others. We experienced our first failed auction in mid-February 2008. Although we accepted an offer to participate in an auction-rate securities rights offering from UBS in October 2008 to sell up to $18.2 million in eligible auction-rate securities at par to UBS commencing in June 2010, if UBS does not follow through on its commitment to purchase the auction-rate securities at par or the auctions continue to fail, the liquidity of our investment portfolio may be negatively impacted and the value of our investment portfolio could decline.

 

Should there be further deterioration in the market for auction-rate securities or if the accounting rules for these securities change, the value of our portfolio may decline, which may have an adverse impact on our cash position and our earnings.

 

We may be unsuccessful in developing and selling new products or in penetrating new markets required to maintain or expand our business.

 

Our competitiveness and future success depend on our ability to design, develop, manufacture, assemble, test, market, and support new products and enhancements on a timely and cost-effective basis. A fundamental shift in technologies in any of our product markets could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position within these markets. Our failure to timely develop new technologies or to react quickly to changes in existing technologies could materially delay our development of new products, which could result in product obsolescence, decreased revenue, and/or a loss of market share to competitors.

 

As we develop new product lines, we must adapt to market conditions that are unfamiliar to us, such as competitors and distribution channels that are different from those we have known in the past. Some of our new product lines require us to re-equip our labs to test parameters we have not tested in the past. If we are unable to adapt rapidly to these new and additional conditions, we may not be able to successfully penetrate new markets.

 

The success of a new product depends on accurate forecasts of long-term market demand and future technological developments, as well as on a variety of specific implementation factors, including:

 

  Ÿ  

timely and efficient completion of process design and device structure improvements;

 

  Ÿ  

timely and efficient implementation of manufacturing, assembly, and test processes;

 

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  Ÿ  

the ability to secure and effectively utilize fabrication capacity in different geometries;

 

  Ÿ  

product performance;

 

  Ÿ  

the quality and reliability of the product; and

 

  Ÿ  

effective marketing, sales and service.

 

To the extent that we fail to timely introduce new products or to quickly penetrate new markets, our revenue and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

 

If demand for our products declines in the major end markets that we serve, our revenue will decrease.

 

We believe that the application of our products in the computer, consumer electronics and communications markets will continue to account for the majority of our revenue. If the demand for our products declines in the major end markets that we serve, our revenue will decrease. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the semiconductor industry as a whole saw dramatic declines in overall demand, which affected MPS. In addition, as technology evolves, the ability to integrate the functionalities of various components, including our discrete semiconductor products, onto a single chip and/or onto other components of systems containing our products increases. Should our customers require integrated solutions that we do not offer, demand for our products could decrease, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Moreover, approximately 20% of our business is based on products that are used in systems that contain CCFL. CCFL tubes contain mercury, which is the subject of environmental concerns, particularly in Europe. Should environmental issues impair the widespread use of our CCFL-based products, and should we be unable to produce replacement products based on LED lighting fast enough to compensate for the loss of our CCFL-related business, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

We may not experience growth rates comparable to past years.

 

In the past, our revenues increased significantly in certain years due to increased sales of certain of our products. Due to increased competition, reduced global electronics demand, end-customer market downturn, market acceptance and penetration of our current and future products and ongoing litigation, we may not experience growth rates comparable to past periods, which could affect our stock price and results of operations.

 

We may not be profitable on a quarterly or annual basis.

 

Our profitability is dependent on many factors, including:

 

  Ÿ  

our sales, which because of our turns business, is difficult to accurately forecast;

 

  Ÿ  

consumer electronic sales, which is currently experiencing a downturn as a result of the worldwide economic crisis;

 

  Ÿ  

our competition, which could adversely impact our selling prices and our potential sales;

 

  Ÿ  

our manufacturing costs, including our ability to negotiate with our vendors and our ability to efficiently run our test facility in China; and

 

  Ÿ  

our operating expenses, including general and administrative expenses, selling and marketing expenses, stock-based compensation expenses, litigation expenses, which we expect to be significant due to the litigation in which we are involved, and research and development expenses relating to products that will not be introduced and will not generate revenue until later periods, if at all.

 

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We may not achieve profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Unfavorable changes in any of the factors noted above may have a material adverse effect on our quarterly or annual profitability.

 

The future trading price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors.

 

The future trading price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

  Ÿ  

our results of operations and financial performance;

 

  Ÿ  

general economic, industry and global market conditions;

 

  Ÿ  

the depth and liquidity of the market for our common stock;

 

  Ÿ  

developments generally affecting the semiconductor industry;

 

  Ÿ  

commencement of or developments relating to our involvement in litigation, including the O2Micro, TSE, Linear and CAT litigation matters;

 

  Ÿ  

investor perceptions of us and our business;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in securities analysts’ expectations or our failure to meet those expectations;

 

  Ÿ  

actions by institutional or other large stockholders;

 

  Ÿ  

terrorist acts or acts of war;

 

  Ÿ  

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;

 

  Ÿ  

developments with respect to intellectual property rights;

 

  Ÿ  

announcements of technological innovations or significant contracts by us or our competitors;

 

  Ÿ  

introduction of new products by us or our competitors;

 

  Ÿ  

our sale of common stock or other securities in the future;

 

  Ÿ  

conditions and trends in technology industries;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in market valuation or earnings of our competitors; and

 

  Ÿ  

changes in the estimation of the future size and growth rate of our markets;

 

In addition, the stock market in general often experiences substantial volatility that is seemingly unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

 

The highly cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, which has produced significant and sometimes prolonged downturns, could materially adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

 

Historically, the semiconductor industry has been highly cyclical and, at various times, has experienced significant downturns and wide fluctuations in supply and demand. These conditions have caused significant variances in product demand and production capacity, as well as rapid erosion of average selling prices. The industry may experience severe or prolonged downturns in the future, which could result in downward pressure on the price of our products as well as lower demand for our products. Because significant portions of our expenses are fixed in the short term or incurred in

 

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advance of anticipated sales, we may not be able to decrease our expenses in a timely manner to offset any sales shortfall. These conditions could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

 

The complexity of calculating our tax provision may result in errors that could result in further restatements of our financial statements.

 

Due to the complexity associated with the calculation of our tax provision, we have hired independent tax advisors to assist us in the calculation. If we or our independent tax advisors fail to resolve or fully understand certain issues, we could be subject to errors, which would result in us having to restate our financial statements. Restatements are generally costly and could adversely impact our results of operations and/or have a negative impact on the trading price of our common stock.

 

We face risks in connection with our internal control over financial reporting related to income taxes.

 

Because of the complexity of our tax structure, we have had errors in our financial statements in the calculation of our tax provision that resulted in restatements of our prior year financial results. Although we believe that we have remediated the material weakness associated with our internal control over financial reporting related to the computation of our income tax provision, we cannot be certain that any measures we have taken or may take in the future will ensure that we implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting and that we will avoid any material weakness in the future. In addition, we cannot assure you that we will not in the future identify further material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting related to the calculation of our income tax provision that we have not discovered to date, which may impact the reliability of our financial reporting and financial statements.

 

Changes in effective tax rates or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income tax returns could adversely affect our results

 

Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated in countries where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof. In addition, we are subject to the continuous examination of our income tax returns by the Internal Revenue Service and other tax authorities. We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuous examinations will not have an adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition.

 

We receive a significant portion of our revenue from our distribution channel, and the loss of any one of these distributors or failure to collect a receivable from them could adversely affect our operations and financial position.

 

We market our products through distribution arrangements and through our direct sales and applications support organization to customers that include OEMs, ODMs and electronic manufacturing service providers. Receivables from our customers are generally not secured by any type of collateral and are subject to the risk of being uncollectible. For the year ended December 31, 2008, sales to our two largest distributors accounted for approximately 30% of our total revenue. Significant deterioration in the liquidity or financial condition of any of our major customers or any group of our customers could have a material adverse impact on the collectibility of our accounts receivable and our future operating results. We primarily conduct our sales on a purchase order basis, and we do not have any long-term supply contracts.

 

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Moreover, we believe a high percentage of our products are eventually sold to a number of OEMs. Although we communicate with OEMs in an attempt to achieve “design wins,” which are decisions by OEMs and/or ODMs to incorporate our products, we do not have purchase commitments from these end users. Therefore, there can be no assurance that the OEMs and/or ODMs will continue to incorporate our integrated circuits, or ICs, into their products. OEM technical specifications and requirements can change rapidly, and we may not have products that fit new specifications from an end-customer for whom we have had previous design wins. We cannot be certain that we will continue to achieve design wins from large OEMs, that our direct customers will continue to be successful in selling to the OEMs, or that the OEMs will be successful in selling products which incorporate our ICs. The loss of any significant customer, any material reduction in orders by any of our significant customers or by their OEM customers, the cancellation of a significant customer order, or the cancellation or delay of a customer’s or OEM’s significant program or product could reduce our revenue and adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

 

Failure to protect our proprietary technologies or maintain the right to certain technologies may negatively affect our ability to compete.

 

We rely heavily on our proprietary technologies. Our future success and competitive position depend in part upon our ability to obtain and maintain protection of certain proprietary technologies used in our products. We pursue patents for some of our new products and unique technologies, and we also rely on a combination of nondisclosure agreements and other contractual provisions, as well as our employees’ commitment to confidentiality and loyalty, to protect our technology, know-how, and processes. Despite the precautions we take, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our current or future technology or products or to obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. We intend to continue to protect our proprietary technology, including through patents. However, there can be no assurance that the steps we take will be adequate to protect our proprietary rights, that our patent applications will lead to issued patents, that others will not develop or patent similar or superior products or technologies, or that our patents will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by others. Furthermore, the laws of the countries in which our products are or may be developed, manufactured, or sold may not protect our products and intellectual property rights to the same extent as laws in the United States. Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary technologies could harm our business.

 

Our products must meet exacting specifications, and undetected defects and failures may occur, which may cause customers to return or stop buying our products and may expose us to product liability risk.

 

Our customers generally establish demanding specifications for quality, performance, and reliability that our products must meet. Integrated circuits as complex as ours often encounter development delays and may contain undetected defects or failures when first introduced or after commencement of commercial shipments, which might require product replacement or recall. Further, our third-party manufacturing processes or changes thereof, or raw material used in the manufacturing processes may cause our products to fail. We have from time to time in the past experienced product quality, performance or reliability problems. Our standard warranty period is one year, which exposes the company to significant risks of claims for defects and failures. If defects and failures occur in our products, we could experience lost revenue, increased costs, including warranty expense and costs associated with customer support, delays in, cancellations or rescheduling of orders or shipments, and product returns or discounts, any of which would harm our operating results.

 

In addition, product liability claims may be asserted with respect to our technology or products. Although we currently have insurance, there can be no assurance that we have obtained a sufficient amount of insurance coverage, that asserted claims will be within the scope of coverage of the insurance, or that we will have sufficient resources to satisfy any asserted claims.

 

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We currently depend on third-party suppliers to provide us with wafers for our products. If any of our wafer suppliers become insolvent and are unable and/or fail to provide us sufficient wafers at acceptable yields and at anticipated costs, our revenue and gross margin may decline or we may not be able to fulfill our customer orders.

 

We have a supply arrangement with two suppliers for the production of wafers. Should any of our suppliers become insolvent, we many not be able to fulfill our customer orders, which would likely cause a decline in our revenue. Currently, the majority of wafer foundries in the semiconductor industry are operating well below normal capacity, including the two suppliers to MPS, and consequently our suppliers’ ability to meet their financial obligations may become impaired.

 

While certain aspects of our relationship with these suppliers are contractual, many important aspects of this relationship depend on our suppliers’ continued cooperation and our management relationships. In addition, the fabrication of ICs is a highly complex and precise process. Problems in the fabrication process can cause a substantial percentage of wafers to be rejected or numerous ICs on each wafer to be non-functional. This could potentially reduce yields. The failure of our suppliers to supply us wafers at acceptable yields could prevent us from fulfilling our customer orders for our products and would likely cause a decline in our revenue.

 

Although we provide our suppliers with rolling forecasts of our production requirements, their ability to provide wafers to us is limited by the available capacity, particularly capacity in the geometries we require, at the facilities in which they manufacture wafers for us. An increased need for capacity to meet internal demands or demands of other customers could cause our suppliers to reduce capacity available to us. Our suppliers may also require us to pay amounts in excess of contracted or anticipated amounts for wafer deliveries or require us to make other concessions in order to acquire the wafer supply necessary to meet our customer requirements. If our suppliers extend lead times, limit supplies or the types of capacity we require, or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors, our revenue and gross margin may decline.

 

Further, as is common in the semiconductor industry, our customers may reschedule or cancel orders on relatively short notice. Under our agreement with our suppliers, we have an option to order wafers based on a committed forecast that can cover a period of one to six months. If our customers cancel orders after we submit a committed forecast to our suppliers for the corresponding wafers, we may be required to purchase wafers that we may not be able to resell, which would adversely affect our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

 

We might not be able to deliver our products on a timely basis if our relationships with our assembly and test subcontractors are disrupted or terminated.

 

All of our products are assembled by third-party subcontractors and a portion of our testing is currently performed by third-party subcontractors. We do not have any long-term agreements with these subcontractors. As a result, we may not have direct control over product delivery schedules or product quality. Also, due to the amount of time typically required to qualify assembly and test subcontractors, we could experience delays in the shipment of our products if we were forced to find alternate third parties to assemble or test our products. In addition, the current global economic crisis may materially impact our assembly supplier’s ability to operate. Any future product delivery delays or disruptions in our relationships with our subcontractors could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

 

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We derive most of our revenue from direct or indirect sales to customers in Asia and have significant operations in Asia, which may expose us to political, cultural, regulatory, economic, foreign exchange, and operational risks.

 

We derive most of our revenue from customers located in Asia through direct or indirect sales through distribution arrangements with parties located in Asia. As a result, we are subject to increased risks due to this geographic concentration of business and operations. For the year ended December 31, 2008, approximately 89% of our revenue was from customers in Asia. There are risks inherent in doing business internationally, including:

 

  Ÿ  

changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements, including tax laws in the United States and in the countries in which we manufacture or sell our products;

 

  Ÿ  

trade restrictions, including restrictions imposed by the United States government on trading with parties in foreign countries;

 

  Ÿ  

currency exchange rate fluctuations impacting intra-company transactions;

 

  Ÿ  

transportation delays;

 

  Ÿ  

recent changes in tax regulations in China may impact our tax status in Chengdu;

 

  Ÿ  

multi-tiered distribution channels that lack visibility to end customer pricing and purchase patterns;

 

  Ÿ  

international political relationships and threats of war;

 

  Ÿ  

terrorism and threats of terrorism;

 

  Ÿ  

epidemics and illnesses;

 

  Ÿ  

work stoppages and infrastructure problems due to adverse weather conditions or natural disasters;

 

  Ÿ  

economic and political instability;

 

  Ÿ  

changes in import/export regulations, tariffs, and freight rates;

 

  Ÿ  

longer accounts receivable collection cycles and difficulties in collecting accounts receivables;

 

  Ÿ  

enforcing contracts generally; and

 

  Ÿ  

less effective protection of intellectual property and contractual arrangements.

 

The price and availability of commodities (e.g., gold, platinum, copper and silicon) may adversely impact our ability to deliver our products in a timely and cost-effective manner and may affect our business and results of operations.

 

Our products incorporate commodities such as gold, platinum, copper and silicon. The price and availability of these commodities and other like commodities that we use could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

 

Devaluation of the U.S. Dollar relative to other foreign currencies, including the Chinese Yuan, may adversely affect results of operations.

 

Our manufacturing and packaging suppliers are and will continue to be primarily located in China for the foreseeable future. Should the value of the Chinese Yuan continue to rise against the U.S. Dollar, there could be an increase in our manufacturing costs relative to competitors who have manufacturing facilities located in the U.S., which could adversely affect our operations. In addition, because we collect payments from all customers in U.S. dollars, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies could have an adverse impact on our customers’ business, which could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

 

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We and our manufacturing partners are or will be subject to extensive Chinese government regulation, and the benefit of various incentives from Chinese governments that we and our manufacturing partners receive may be reduced or eliminated, which could increase our costs or limit our ability to sell products and conduct activities in China.

 

Most of our manufacturing partners are located in China. In addition, we have established a facility in China, initially for the testing of our ICs. The Chinese government has broad discretion and authority to regulate the technology industry in China. China’s government has implemented policies from time to time to regulate economic expansion in China. It also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. New regulations or the readjustment of previously implemented regulations could require us and our manufacturing partners to change our business plans, increase our costs, or limit our ability to sell products and conduct activities in China, which could adversely affect our business and operating results.

 

In addition, the Chinese government and provincial and local governments have provided, and continue to provide, various incentives to encourage the development of the semiconductor industry in China. Such incentives include tax rebates, reduced tax rates, favorable lending policies, and other measures, some or all of which may be available to our manufacturing partners and to us with respect to our facility in China. Any of these incentives could be reduced or eliminated by governmental authorities at any time. Any such reduction or elimination of incentives currently provided to our manufacturing partners could adversely affect our business and operating results.

 

There are inherent risks associated with the operation of our testing facility in China, which could increase product costs or cause a delay in product shipments.

 

We have a testing facility in China that began operations in 2006. In addition to the risks discussed elsewhere in this quarterly report, we face the following risks, among others:

 

  Ÿ  

inability to maintain appropriate and acceptable manufacturing controls; and

 

  Ÿ  

higher than anticipated overhead and other costs of operation.

 

If we are unable to continue a fully operational status with appropriate controls, we may incur higher costs than our current expense levels, which would affect our gross margins. In addition, if capacity restraints result in significant delays in product shipments, our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.

 

Due to the nature of our business as a component supplier, we may have difficulty both in accurately predicting our future revenue and appropriately budgeting our expenses.

 

Because we provide components for end products and systems, demand for our products is influenced by our customers’ end product demand. As a result, we may have difficulty in accurately forecasting our revenue and expenses. Our revenue depends on the timing, size, and speed of commercial introductions of end products and systems that incorporate our products, all of which are inherently difficult to forecast, as well as the ongoing demand for previously introduced end products and systems. In addition, demand for our products is influenced by our customers’ ability to manage their inventory. Our sales to distributors are subject to higher volatility because they service demand from multiple levels of the supply chain which, in itself, is inherently difficult to forecast. If our customers, including distributors, do not manage their inventory correctly or misjudge their customers’ demand, our shipments to and orders from our customers may vary significantly on a quarterly basis.

 

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The average selling prices of products in our markets have historically decreased over time and will likely do so in the future, which could harm our revenues and gross profits.

 

Average selling prices of semiconductor products in the markets we serve have historically decreased over time. Our gross profits and financial results will suffer if we are unable to offset any reductions in our average selling prices by reducing our costs, developing new or enhanced products on a timely basis with higher selling prices or gross profits, or increasing our sales volumes. Additionally, because we do not operate our own manufacturing or assembly facilities, we may not be able to reduce our costs as rapidly as companies that operate their own facilities, and our costs may even increase, which could also reduce our margins.

 

We purchase inventory in advance based on expected demand for our products, and if demand is not as expected, we may have insufficient or excess inventory, which could adversely impact our financial position.

 

As a fabless semiconductor company, we purchase our inventory from a third party manufacturer in advance of selling our product. We place orders with our manufacturer based on existing and expected orders from our customers for particular products. While our contracts with our customers and distributors include lead time requirements and cancellation penalties that are designed to protect us from misalignment between customer orders and inventory levels, we must nonetheless make some predictions when we place orders with our manufacturer. In the event that our predictions are inaccurate due to unexpected increases in orders or unavailability of product within the time frame that is required, we may have insufficient inventory to meet our customer demands. In the event that we order products that we are unable to sell due to a decrease in orders, unexpected order cancellations, injunctions due to patent litigations, or product returns, we may have excess inventory which, if not sold, may need to be disposed of. If any of these situations were to arise, it could have a material impact on our business and financial position.

 

Because of the lengthy sales cycles for our products and the fixed nature of a significant portion of our expenses, we may incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenue and may not ultimately achieve our forecasted sales for our products.

 

The introduction of new products presents significant business challenges because product development plans and expenditures must be made up to two years or more in advance of any sales. It takes us up to 12 months or more to design and manufacture a new product prototype. Only after we have a prototype do we introduce the product to the market and begin selling efforts in an attempt to achieve design wins. This sales process, which averages six to twelve months, requires us to expend significant sales and marketing resources without any assurance of success. Volume production of products that use our ICs, if any, may not be achieved for an additional three to six months after an initial sale. Sales cycles for our products are lengthy for a number of reasons:

 

  Ÿ  

our customers usually complete an in-depth technical evaluation of our products before they place a purchase order;

 

  Ÿ  

the commercial adoption of our products by OEMs and ODMs is typically limited during the initial release of their product to evaluate product performance and consumer demand;

 

  Ÿ  

our products must be designed into a customer’s product or system; and

 

  Ÿ  

the development and commercial introduction of our customers’ products incorporating new technologies frequently are delayed.

 

As a result of our lengthy sales cycles, we may incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenue because a significant portion of our operating expenses is relatively fixed and

 

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based on expected revenue. The lengthy sales cycles of our products also make forecasting the volume and timing of orders difficult. In addition, the delays inherent in lengthy sales cycles raise additional risks that customers may cancel or change their orders. Our sales are made by purchase orders. Because industry practice allows customers to reschedule or cancel orders on relatively short notice, backlog is not always a good indicator of our future sales. If customer cancellations or product changes occur, we could lose anticipated sales and not have sufficient time to reduce our inventory and operating expenses.

 

The loss of any of our key personnel or the failure to attract or retain specialized technical and management personnel could impair our ability to grow our business.

 

Our future success depends upon our ability to attract and retain highly qualified technical and managerial personnel. We are particularly dependent on the continued services of our key executives, including Michael Hsing, our President and Chief Executive Officer, who founded our company and developed our proprietary process technology. In addition, personnel with highly skilled analog and mixed-signal design engineering expertise are scarce and competition for personnel with these skills is intense. There can be no assurance that we will be able to retain existing key employees or that we will be successful in attracting, integrating or retaining other highly qualified personnel with critical capabilities in the future. If we are unable to retain the services of existing key employees or are unsuccessful in attracting new highly qualified employees quickly enough to meet the demands or our business, including design cycles, our business could be harmed.

 

If we fail to retain key employees in sales, applications, finance and legal or to make continued improvements to our internal systems, particularly in the accounting and finance area, our business may suffer.

 

Since 2006, we significantly increased the quantity and quality of our sales, applications, financial and legal staff. However, if we fail to continue to adequately staff these areas, maintain or upgrade our business systems and maintain internal controls that meet the demands of our business, our ability to operate effectively will suffer. The operation of our business also depends upon our ability to retain these employees, as these employees hold a significant amount of institutional knowledge about us and our products, and, if they were to terminate their employment, our sales and internal control over financial reporting could be adversely affected.

 

We intend to continue to expand our operations, which may strain our resources and increase our operating expenses.

 

We plan to continue to expand our domestic and foreign operations through internal growth, strategic relationships, or acquisitions. We expect that any such expansion will strain our systems and operational and financial controls. In addition, we are likely to incur significantly higher operating costs. To manage our growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our systems and controls, as well as hire experienced administrative and financial personnel. If we fail to do so, our growth will be limited. If we fail to effectively manage our planned expansion of operations, our business and operating results may be harmed.

 

We may engage in future acquisitions that dilute the ownership interests of our stockholders and cause us to incur debt or to assume contingent liabilities, and we may be unable to successfully integrate these companies into our operations, which would adversely affect our business.

 

As a part of our business strategy, from time to time we review acquisition prospects that would complement our current product offerings, enhance our design capability or offer other competitive

 

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opportunities. In the event of future acquisitions, we could use a significant portion of our available cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, issue equity securities which would dilute current stockholders’ percentage ownership, and/or incur substantial debt or contingent liabilities. Such actions by us could impact our operating results and/or the price of our common stock. In addition, if we are unsuccessful in integrating any acquired company into our operations or if integration is more difficult than anticipated, we may experience disruptions that could harm our business.

 

We compete against many companies with substantially greater financing and other resources, and our market share may be reduced if we are unable to respond to our competitors effectively.

 

The analog and mixed-signal semiconductor industry is highly competitive, and we expect competitive pressures to continue. Our ability to compete effectively and to expand our business will depend on our ability to continue to recruit applications and design talent, our ability to introduce new products, and our ability to maintain the rate at which we introduce these new products. We compete with domestic and non-domestic semiconductor companies, many of which have substantially greater financial and other resources with which to pursue engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their products. We are in direct and active competition, with respect to one or more of our product lines, with at least 10 manufacturers of such products, of varying size and financial strength. The number of our competitors has grown due to the expansion of the market segments in which we participate. We consider our competitors to include, but not be limited to: Analog Devices, Fairchild Semiconductor, Intersil, Linear, Maxim Integrated Products, Micrel, Microsemi, National Semiconductor, O2Micro, RichTech, Semtech, STMicroelectronic and Texas Instruments. We expect continued competition from existing competitors as well as competition from new entrants in the semiconductor market.

 

We cannot assure you that our products will continue to compete favorably or that we will be successful in the face of increasing competition from new products and enhancements introduced by existing competitors or new companies entering this market, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.

 

If securities or industry analysts downgrade our stock or do not continue to publish research or reports about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

 

The trading market for our common stock will depend on the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

 

Because of their significant stock ownership, our officers and directors will be able to exert significant influence over our future direction.

 

Executive officers, directors, and affiliated entities beneficially owned in aggregate, approximately 15% of our outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2008. These stockholders, if acting together, would be able to significantly influence all matters requiring approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and the approval of mergers or other business combination transactions.

 

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Major earthquakes or other natural disasters and resulting systems outages may cause us significant losses.

 

Our corporate headquarters, the production facilities of our third-party wafer supplier, our IC testing facility, a portion of our assembly and research and development activities, and certain other critical business operations are located in or near seismically active regions and are subject to periodic earthquakes. We do not maintain earthquake insurance and could be materially and adversely affected in the event of a major earthquake. Much of our revenue, as well as our manufacturers and assemblers, are concentrated in Asia. Such concentration increases the risk that other natural disasters, labor strikes, terrorism, war, political unrest, epidemics, and/or health advisories could disrupt our operations. In addition, we rely heavily on our internal information and communications systems and on systems or support services from third parties to manage our operations efficiently and effectively. Any of these are subject to failure due to a natural disaster or other disruption. System-wide or local failures that affect our information processing could have material adverse effects on our business, financial condition, operating results, and cash flows.

 

Our facilities in Chengdu, China are located in a seismically active area, as evidenced by the May 2008 earthquake that was centered in the Sichuan Province of China. Although there was no damage to our facilities as a result of that earthquake, should there be additional earthquakes or aftershocks in the area, we may incur losses and our business, financial condition and/or operating results may suffer.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

Our primary operating locations are currently in San Jose, California and Chengdu, Sichuan China. The company currently leases approximately 55,110 square feet in San Jose which serves as our corporate headquarters, sales and research and development center. Certain test procedures and manufacturing also take place in San Jose. The Company leases approximately 56,000 square feet in Chengdu which serves as our test facility and manufacturing hub. We also lease sales offices in Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. We believe that our existing facilities are adequate for our current operations.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

O2Micro, Inc.

 

Since November 2000, we have been engaged in multiple legal proceedings involving patent infringement claims with O2Micro, Inc. and its parent corporation, O2Micro International Limited (referred to hereinafter as “O2Micro”). All of these claims relate to our CCFL backlight inverter products. For further information regarding the history of these legal proceedings, refer to our previous filings on Forms 10-K and related amendments, 10-Q and 8-K.

 

In the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, O2Micro alleged that certain of our CCFL products infringe O2Micro’s ‘722 patent. On October 30, 2007, following the jury’s verdict, the Court entered judgment that all of the ‘722 patent claims asserted by O2Micro against us are invalid and denied all post-trial motions. Subsequently, O2Micro filed an appeal, and we filed a cross-appeal with the Federal Circuit. The appeals are currently pending.

 

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On May 1, 2007, we filed for declaratory judgment relief in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against O2Micro that certain of our CCFL products do not infringe O2Micro’s ‘129 patent and that the ‘129 patent is invalid and unenforceable. On August 20, 2008, the parties filed a joint stipulation to a dismissal with prejudice of their respective claims for relief in which O2Micro covenants not to assert or reassert its ‘129 patent against us or our direct and indirect customers for infringement by our series of power inverter controller products.

 

On September 30, 2008, based on information and belief that O2Micro had alleged to a customer that certain of our inverter controller products infringe O2Micro’s patents, we filed for declaratory judgment relief in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against O2Micro that those products do not infringe O2Micro’s 6,856,519 (‘519) patent family. On February 11, 2009, O2Micro filed a counterclaim against us and our customers that certain of our inverter controller products infringe three patents in the ‘519 patent family and O2Micro’s 7,417,382 (‘382) patent.

 

On December 15, 2008, O2Micro filed a complaint with the International Trade Commission alleging the patent infringement of the ‘519 and ‘382 patents against certain of our products. This case is still in the early proceedings.

 

In addition to the U.S. litigation described above, O2Micro has brought various legal proceedings against us in Taiwan based upon a Taiwan patent. We previously posted cash bonds of approximately $7.9 million with the Taiwan Courts in support of our counter-injunctions and to prevent O2 from seizing our assets. In July 2008, the parties agreed to cease all provisional remedial disputes against each other and allow the parties to retrieve the bonds posted. As a result of the agreement, we retrieved the bonds, totaling approximately $7.9 million, in the second half of 2008.

 

Taiwan Sumida Electronics

 

On July 30, 2007, we settled our litigation with TSE concerning the Indemnification Agreement. As of December 31, 2008, we had $7.4 million held in escrow for which we could be liable subject to the outcome of certain legal activities which are still pending in front of the Federal Circuit Court of Appeal.

 

Linear Technology Corporation

 

On July 1, 2008, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued a judgment as a matter of law that we did not breach its October 1, 2005 Settlement and License Agreement with Linear. We plan to seek recovery of our attorney fees and costs from Linear, pursuant to a prevailing party attorneys’ fees provision in the Settlement and License Agreement. However, there can be no assurance that we can be successful in obtaining such recovery.

 

The court also found as a matter of law that we did not willfully infringe the patent claims of U.S. Patent Numbers 5,481,178 and 6,580,258 asserted by Linear against MPS’ accused MP1543 product, which has been discontinued. However, the jury returned a verdict that an evaluation board containing the previously discontinued MP1543 product had directly infringed the asserted patent claims and that Linear’s patents mentioned above are valid. The parties had stipulated to a total of ten dollars in nominal patent infringement damages in the event that Linear prevailed in that dispute. The court has not issued a final judgment concerning the patent infringement and validity claims.

 

Chip Advanced Technology Inc.

 

On December 12, 2007, we filed a patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against Chip Advanced Technology Inc. (“CAT”), asserting that CAT

 

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willfully infringed a MPS patent that enables efficient low voltage, low current power conversions, such as DC-DC step down converters. In the complaint, MPS seeks unspecified damages and a court-ordered injunction against future infringement by CAT. On September 16, 2008, we amended our complaint to add trade secret misappropriation claims against CAT. Through this lawsuit, MPS intends to vigorously protect and enforce its intellectual property. As the case is in its early stages, we are not able to determine the outcome of the litigation.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

 

None.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

 

Market Price of Our Common Stock

 

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “MPWR”. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales price per share of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market. These prices represent quotations among dealers without adjustments for retail mark-ups, markdowns or commissions, and may not represent prices of actual transactions.

 

      High    Low

2008

     

Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2008

   $ 17.37    $ 6.96

Third Quarter ended September 30, 2008

   $ 29.07    $ 15.98

Second Quarter ended June 30, 2008

   $ 27.50    $ 17.88

First Quarter ended March 31, 2008

   $ 22.36    $ 14.64

2007

     

Fourth Quarter ended December 31, 2007

   $ 26.16    $ 17.84

Third Quarter ended September 30, 2007

   $ 25.96    $ 15.84

Second Quarter ended June 30, 2007

   $ 18.00    $ 12.66

First Quarter ended March 31, 2007

   $ 13.94    $ 10.95

 

As of February 19, 2009, we had approximately 150 stockholders of record and the closing price of common stock was $12.66 per share as reported by The Nasdaq National Market. Many of our shares of common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders. Based on several factors, including our proxy mailing from 2007, we estimate the total number of stockholders represented by these record holders to be at least 2,427.

 

We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock since our inception. We currently expect to retain earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business, and therefore do not anticipate paying any cash dividends for the next several years.

 

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The following graph compares the cumulative 26-month total return provided shareholders on our common stock relative to the cumulative total returns of the Nasdaq Composite Index, the S & P 500 Index and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index. An investment of $100 (with reinvestment of all dividends) is assumed to have been made in our common stock on 11/19/2004 and its relative performance is tracked through 12/31/2008.

 

LOGO

 

The information contained in the Stock Performance Graph section shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or “filed” or incorporated by reference in future filings with the SEC, or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into a document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

There were no sales of unregistered securities during the year ended December 31, 2008.

 

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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

On February 5, 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its common stock through the end of 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the following shares have been repurchased through the open market and subsequently retired:

 

2008 Calendar Year

   Shares Repurchased    Average Price per Share    Value (in thousands)

February

   27,500    $ 16.88    $ 464

March

   527,332    $ 17.12    $ 9,028

April

   201,863    $ 20.03    $ 4,043

May

   100    $ 21.98    $ 2

June

   18,000    $ 21.66    $ 390

July

   14,155    $ 21.86    $ 309

August

   100    $ 22.03    $ 2

September

   307,355    $ 18.82    $ 5,784

October

   333,700    $ 15.05    $ 5,021
              

Total Shares Repurchased

   1,430,105       $ 25,043
              

 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following financial data is derived from our audited annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004. You should read the following table in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K. Operating results for any year are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future periods.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006     2005     2004  
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     $ 99,131     $ 47,595  

Cost of revenue, including stock-based compensation*

     61,184       48,781       38,107       36,003       19,594  
                                        

Gross profit

     99,327       85,223       66,908       63,128       28,001  

Operating expenses:

          

Research and development, including stock-based compensation*

     34,850       27,342       22,301       14,826       12,854  

Selling, general and administrative, including stock-based compensation*

     35,256       29,537       27,594       18,434       12,549  

Lease abandonment

           (496 )     1,218              

Patent litigation settlement

           9,800       3,000       5,037        

Provision for litigation

     6,714       9,370       11,560       18,367       7,833  
                                        

Total operating expenses

     76,820       75,553       65,673       56,664       33,236  
                                        

Income (loss) from operations

     22,507       9,670       1,235       6,464       (5,235 )

Other income (expense):

          

Interest and other income

     3,587       4,741       2,637       1,703       171  

Other expense

     (652 )     (139 )     (273 )     (111 )     (93 )
                                        

Total other income, net

     2,935       4,602       2,364       1,592       78  
                                        

 

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     Year ended December 31,  
     2008    2007    2006     2005    2004  
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Income (loss) before income taxes

   $ 25,442    $ 14,272    $ 3,599     $ 8,056    $ (5,157 )

Income tax provision (benefit)

     1,216      2,692      6,024       2,949      (1,438 )
                                     

Net income (loss)

     24,226      11,580      (2,425 )     5,107      (3,719 )

Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock

                          1,183  
                                     

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders

   $ 24,226    $ 11,580    $ (2,425 )   $ 5,107    $ (4,902 )
                                     

Basic income (loss) per share

   $ 0.72    $ 0.37    $ (0.08 )   $ 0.18    $ (0.54 )
                                     

Diluted income (loss) per share

   $ 0.67    $ 0.33    $ (0.08 )   $ 0.17    $ (0.54 )
                                     

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

     33,509      31,703      29,502       27,998      9,132  
                                     

Stock options, restricted stock and warrants

     2,611      3,387            2,873       
                                     

Diluted weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding

     36,120      35,090      29,502       30,871      9,132  
                                     

 

* Stock-based compensation has been included in the following line items:

             

Cost of revenue

   $ 344    $ 539    $ 539     $ 366    $ 913  

Research and development

     5,821      4,625      5,236       2,611      5,165  

Selling, general and administrative

     6,993      6,064      5,749       2,408      5,483  
                                     

Total

   $ 13,158    $ 11,228    $ 11,524     $ 5,385    $ 11,561  
                                     

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

 

     As of December 31,
     2008    2007    2006    2005    2004
     (in thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 83,266    $ 83,114    $ 50,816    $ 25,091    $ 32,019

Short-term investments

     21,922      27,765      27,674      38,814      17,000

Long-term investments

     37,425                    

Restricted cash

     7,360      7,350           2,938     

Working capital

     117,365      119,348      77,111      65,450      52,637

Restricted assets

     7      8,340      8,309      6,433      6,641

Total assets

     195,299      172,590      117,327      100,775      72,384

Common stock

     147,298      143,890      113,168      98,342      93,236

Total stockholders’ equity

     164,645      137,537      95,025      78,168      63,939

 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes which appear elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K.

 

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Overview

 

We are a fabless semiconductor company that designs, develops, and markets proprietary, advanced analog and mixed-signal semiconductors. We currently offer products that serve multiple markets, including notebook computers, flat panel televisions, wireless communications, telecommunications equipment, general consumer products, cellular handsets, and set top boxes, among others. We believe that we differentiate ourselves by offering solutions that are more highly integrated, smaller in size, more energy efficient, more accurate with respect to performance specifications and, consequently, more cost-effective than many competing solutions. We plan to continue to introduce additional new products within our existing product families, as well as in new product categories.

 

We operate in the cyclical semiconductor industry where there is seasonal demand for certain of our products. We are not and will not be immune from current and future industry downturns, but we have targeted product and market areas that we believe have the ability to offer above average industry performance over the long term.

 

We work with third parties to manufacture and assemble our integrated circuits. This has enabled us to limit our capital expenditures and fixed costs, while focusing our engineering and design resources on our core strengths.

 

Following the introduction of a product, our sales cycle generally takes six to twelve months to achieve revenue. Volume production is usually achieved in three to six months after we receive an initial customer order for a new product. Typical lead times for orders are fewer than 90 days. These factors, combined with the fact that orders in the semiconductor industry can typically be cancelled or rescheduled without significant penalty to the customer, make the forecasting of our orders and revenue difficult.

 

We derive most of our revenue from sales through distribution arrangements or direct sales to customers in Asia, where the components we produce are incorporated into an end-user product. 89% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 90% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 was attributable to direct or indirect sales to customers in Asia. We derive a majority of our revenue from the sales of our DC to DC converter product family which services the computing, consumer electronics and communications markets. We believe our ability to achieve revenue growth will depend, in part, on our ability to develop new products, enter new market segments, gain market share, manage litigation risk, diversify our customer base and successfully secure manufacturing capacity.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, long-term investments, inventories, income taxes, warranty obligations and contingencies. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making the judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements are, by their nature, uncertain and unpredictable, and depend upon, among other things, many factors outside of our

 

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control, such as demand for our products and economic conditions. Accordingly, our estimates and judgments may prove to be incorrect and actual results may differ, perhaps significantly, from these estimates under different estimates, assumptions or conditions.

 

We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

 

Revenue Recognition.    We recognize revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition (“SAB 104”) issued by the Staff of the SEC. SAB 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed and determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgment regarding the fixed nature of the fee charged for products delivered and the collectibility of those fees. The application of these criteria has resulted in our generally recognizing revenue upon shipment (when title passes) to customers. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely impacted.

 

More than 90% of our distributor sales are made through distribution arrangements with third parties. These arrangements do not include any special payment terms (our normal payment terms are 30-45 days), price protection or exchange rights. Returns are limited to our standard product warranty. Certain of our large distributors have contracts that include limited stock rotation rights that permit the return of a small percentage of the previous six months’ purchases in return for a compensating new order of equal or greater dollar value. We maintain a sales reserve for stock rotation rights, which is based on historical experience of actual stock rotation returns on a per distributor basis and information related to products in the distribution channel. This reserve is recorded at the time of sale. In the future, if we are unable to estimate our stock rotation returns accurately, we may not be able to recognize revenue from sales to our distributors based on when we sell inventory to our distributors rather than when the distributor sells through such inventory to an end-customer.

 

We generally recognize revenue upon shipment of products to the distributor for the following reasons (based on paragraph 6 of SFAS 48, Revenue Recognition When Right of Return Exists):

 

  (1) Our price is fixed and determinable at the date of sale. We do not offer special payment terms, price protection or price adjustments to distributors where we recognize revenue upon shipment

 

  (2) Our distributors are obligated to pay us and this obligation is not contingent on resale of the our products

 

  (3) The distributor’s obligation is unchanged in the event of theft or physical destruction or damage to the products

 

  (4) Our distributors have stand-alone economic substance apart from our relationship

 

  (5) We do not have any obligations for future performance to directly bring about the resale of the our products by the distributor

 

  (6) The amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. We have the ability and the information necessary to track inventory sold to and held at our distributors. We maintain a history of returns and have the ability to estimate the stock rotation returns on a quarterly basis.

 

If we enter into arrangements that have rights of return that are not estimable, we recognize revenue under such arrangements only after the distributor has sold our products to an end customer.

 

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Less than 10% of our distributor sales are made through small distributors based on purchase orders rather than formal distribution arrangements. These distributors do not receive any stock rotation rights and, as such, hold very little inventory, if any. We do not have a history of accepting returns from these distributors.

 

The terms in a majority of our distribution agreements include the non-exclusive right to sell, and the agreement to use best efforts to promote and develop a market for, our products in certain regions of the world and the ability to terminate the distribution agreement by either party with up to three months notice. We provide a one year warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. Under this warranty, we will repair the goods, provide replacements at no charge, or, under certain circumstances, provide a refund to the customer for defective products. Estimated warranty returns and warranty costs are based on historical experience and are recorded at the time product revenue is recognized.

 

In 2006, we signed a distribution agreement with a U.S. distributor. Revenue from this distributor is recognized upon sale by the distributor to the end customer because the distributor has certain rights of return which management believes are not estimable. For the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the deferred revenue balance from this distributor was $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

 

Inventory Valuation.    We value our inventory at the lower of the standard cost (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or its current estimated market value. We write down inventory for obsolescence or lack of demand, based on assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required.

 

Accounting for Income Taxes.    FASB Interpretation No. 48 (“FIN 48”), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We adopted the provisions of this interpretation on January 1, 2007. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, we recognize federal, state and foreign current tax liabilities or assets based on our estimate of taxes payable or refundable in the current fiscal year by tax jurisdiction. We also recognize federal, state and foreign deferred tax assets or liabilities for our estimate of future tax effects attributable to temporary differences and carryforwards. We record a valuation allowance to reduce any deferred tax assets by the amount of any tax benefits that, based on available evidence and judgment, are not expected to be realized.

 

Our calculation of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on certain estimates and judgments and involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Our estimates of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities may change based, in part, on added certainty or finality or uncertainty to an anticipated outcome, changes in accounting or tax laws in the U.S., or foreign jurisdictions where we operate, or changes in other facts or circumstances. In addition, we recognize liabilities for potential U.S. and foreign income tax for uncertain income tax positions taken on our tax returns if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. If we determine that payment of these amounts is unnecessary or if the recorded tax liability is less than our current assessment, we may be required to recognize an income tax benefit or additional income tax expense in our financial statements in the period such determination is made. Due to the adoption of FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007, we calculated our uncertain tax positions which were attributable to certain estimates and judgments primarily related to transfer pricing, cost sharing and our international tax structure exposure.

 

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As of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we had a valuation allowance of $14.4 million, $11.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively, attributable to management’s determination that none of the deferred tax assets will be realized, except for certain deferred tax assets related to uncertain income tax positions. Should it be determined that all or part of the net deferred tax asset will not be realized in the future, an adjustment to increase the deferred tax asset valuation allowance will be charged to income in the period such determination is made. Likewise, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of our net recorded amount, an adjustment to the allowance for the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made.

 

Contingencies.    We are engaged in legal proceedings resulting from several patent infringement actions against us. In addition, from time to time, we become aware that we are subject to other contingent liabilities. When this occurs, we will evaluate the appropriate accounting for the potential contingent liabilities using SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies,” to determine whether a contingent liability should be recorded. In making this determination, management may, depending on the nature of the matter, consult with internal and external legal counsel and technical experts. Based on the facts and circumstances in each matter, we use our judgment to determine whether it is probable that a contingent loss has occurred and whether the amount of such loss can be estimated. If we determine a loss is probable and estimable, we record a contingent loss in accordance with SFAS 5. In determining the amount of a contingent loss, we take into account advice received from experts for each specific matter regarding the status of legal proceedings, settlement negotiations (which may be ongoing), prior case history and other factors. Should the judgments and estimates made by management need to be adjusted as additional information becomes available, we may need to record additional contingent losses that could materially and adversely impact our results of operations. Alternatively, if the judgments and estimates made by management are adjusted, for example, if a particular contingent loss does not occur, the contingent loss recorded would be reversed which could result in a favorable impact on our results of operations.

 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation.    Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, under the modified prospective method. SFAS 123R eliminates the alternative of applying the intrinsic value measurement provisions of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion 25 to stock compensation awards issued to employees. Rather, the standard requires us to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period). We currently use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of our share-based payments. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is based on a number of assumptions, including expected volatility for which we use the average volatility of a number of our competitors and combine them with our limited historical volatility to come up with an overall volatility that is used in the model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model also includes an assumption of expected life, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. If these assumptions change, stock-based compensation may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past. The amount of stock-based compensation that we recognize is also based on an expected forfeiture rate. If there is a difference between the forfeiture assumptions used in determining stock-based compensation costs and the actual forfeitures which become known over time, we may change the forfeiture rate, which could have a significant impact on our stock-based compensation expense.

 

Warranty Reserves.    We currently provide a 12-month warranty against defects in materials and workmanship and will either repair the goods or provide replacement products at no charge to the customer for defective products. We record estimated warranty costs by product, which are based on historical experience over the preceding 12 months by product, at the time we recognize product revenue. Reserve requirements are recorded in the period of sale and are based on an assessment of

 

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the products sold with warranty and historical warranty costs incurred. As the complexity of our products increases, we could experience higher warranty claims relative to sales than we have previously experienced, and we may need to increase these estimated warranty reserves.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments.    We adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, effective January 1, 2008. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the three categories, as follows:

 

  Ÿ  

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

 

  Ÿ  

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs; and

 

  Ÿ  

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs.

 

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair market value based on quoted market prices. Short-term and long-term investments are stated at their fair market value.

 

The face value of the Company’s holdings in auction rate securities is $38.8 million, of which $20.6 million is currently classified as long-term available-for-sale investments and $18.2 million is classified as long-term trading investments. These investments are accounted for in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Investments in available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses (that are deemed to be temporary) are recognized through shareholders’ equity, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheet. The Company records an impairment charge to earnings when an available-for-sale investment has experienced a decline in value that is deemed to be other-than-temporary. Investments in trading securities are recorded at fair value and unrealized gains and losses are recognized in other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. The UBS put right is accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115. We value the UBS put right at fair value estimated to be equal to the par value of the auction-rate securities less their fair value as determined by management. Please refer to Note 2, Fair Value Measurements, for further information.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

 

In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS 162”), The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principals. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States. This Statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS 162 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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Results of Operations

 

The table below shows the Statement of Operations amounts (in thousands) and shows each as a percentage of revenue.

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)  

Revenue

   $ 160,511     100.0 %   $ 134,004     100.0 %   $ 105,015     100.0 %

Cost of revenue

     61,184     38.1       48,781     36.4       38,107     36.3  
                                          

Gross profit

     99,327     61.9       85,223     63.6       66,908     63.7  

Operating expenses:

            

Research and development

     34,850     21.7       27,342     20.5       22,301     21.2  

Selling, general and administrative

     35,256     22.0       29,537     22.0       27,594     26.3  

Lease abandonment

               (496 )   (0.4 )     1,218     1.1  

Patent litigation settlement

               9,800     7.3       3,000     2.9  

Provision for litigation

     6,714     4.2       9,370     7.0       11,560     11.0  
                                          

Total operating expenses

     76,820     47.9       75,553     56.4       65,673     62.5  
                                          

Income from operations

     22,507     14.0       9,670     7.2       1,235     1.2  

Interest and other income

     3,587     2.2       4,741     3.5       2,637     2.5  

Other expense

     (652 )   (0.4 )     (139 )   (0.1 )     (273 )   (0.3 )
                                          

Total other income, net

     2,935     1.8       4,602     3.4       2,364     2.2  
                                          

Income before income taxes

     25,442     15.9       14,272     10.6       3,599     3.4  

Income tax provision

     1,216     0.8       2,692     2.0       6,024     5.7  
                                          

Net income (loss)

   $ 24,226     15.1 %   $ 11,580     8.6 %   $ (2,425 )   (2.3 )%
                                          

 

The following table shows our revenue by product family (amounts in thousands, except percentages):

 

    Year ended December 31,     Percent Change  
    2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  

Product Family

  Amount   % of
Revenue
    Amount   % of
Revenue
    Amount   % of
Revenue
    Change     Change  

DC to DC Converters

  $ 115,373   71.9 %   $ 86,701   64.7 %   $ 71,715   68.3 %   33.1 %   20.9 %

LCD Backlight Inverters

    32,308   20.1 %     35,713   26.7 %     29,201   27.8 %   (9.5 )%   22.3 %

Audio Amplifiers

    12,830   8.0 %     11,590   8.6 %     4,099   3.9 %   10.7 %   182.8 %
                                       

Total

  $ 160,511   100.0 %   $ 134,004   100.0 %   $ 105,015   100.0 %    
                                       

 

Revenue.    Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $160.5 million, an increase of $26.5 million, or 19.8%, from $134.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in revenue between these two periods resulted primarily from increased sales of our DC to DC converters of $28.7 million as a result of increased sales of consumer and communications end market devices. We experienced a decrease in the sales of our LCD backlight inverters in the amount of $3.4 million due to a decrease in demand, particularly notebook computers. The sales of our audio products increased by $1.2 million due to increased sales of consumer electronics products.

 

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Although we experienced revenue growth of 19.8% year-over-year as we continue to deliver innovative products, our business in the fourth quarter was and will continue to be affected by the deterioration in the general demand for electronic products as a result of the worldwide financial crisis and associated macro-economic slowdown. Currently, we cannot estimate the magnitude and extent to which our business will be affected in the future.

 

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $134.0 million, an increase of $29.0 million, or 27.6%, from $105.0 million for year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in revenue between the two periods resulted from increased sales of our DC to DC converters of $15.0 million, LCD backlight inverter products of $6.5 million and audio products of $7.5 million. For the year ended December 31, 2007, despite a decline in our average sales price for certain of our units, revenue from our DC to DC converters increased 20.9% due to increased sales of flat panel TVs and other consumer devices. Revenue for our CCFL products, which are a part of our LCD backlight inverter family increased 22.3% due to strength in the notebook market over the same period in 2006. However, given the uncertainty of the outcome of our litigation with O2Micro, we cannot predict the impact that such litigation will have on such revenue in the future. Revenue for our audio amplifier product family increased by 182.8% primarily due to increased demand for new and existing products used in consumer electronic applications.

 

Gross Profit.    Gross profit as a percentage of revenue, or gross margin, was 61.9% for the year ended December 31, 2008 and 63.6% for the year ended December 31, 2007. Gross margin declined year-over-year as a result of a decrease in the average selling price of certain of our mature products and an increase in inventory reserves, particularly in the fourth quarter due to the deterioration in the general demand for electronic products.

 

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue, or gross margin, was 63.6% for year ended December 31, 2007 and 63.7% for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our gross margin remained relatively flat year over year. There was a decline in our average sales prices for certain of our products, which was offset by a shift in product mix and certain production efficiencies at our Chengdu facility.

 

Research and Development.    Research and development (R&D) expenses consist of salary and benefit expenses for design and product engineers, expenses related to new product development, and related facility costs.

 

     Year ended December 31,     Percentage Change  
     2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)              

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     19.8 %   27.6 %

Research and development (“R&D”), excluding stock-based compensation

     29,029       22,717       17,065     27.8 %   33.1 %

R&D stock-based compensation

     5,821       4,625       5,236     25.9 %   (11.7 )%
                                    

Total R&D

   $ 34,850     $ 27,342     $ 22,301     27.5 %   22.6 %
                                    

R&D as a percentage of net revenue

     21.7 %     20.4 %     21.2 %    

 

R&D expenses were $34.9 million, or 21.7% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $27.3 million, or 20.4% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007. The year-over-year increase in R&D expenses was primarily due to an increase in R&D headcount, new product development activities, additional employee bonus payments and patent-related activities. The year-over-year increase was also due to an increase in stock-based compensation expenses of $1.2 million.

 

R&D expenses were $27.3 million, or 20.4% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $22.3 million, or 21.2% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in R&D

 

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expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 was due to increased bonus expenses for R&D personnel, costs associated with an increase in headcount for design engineering personnel as well as new product development activities, primarily in the DC to DC product line both in the U.S. and Asia. R&D expenses also increased because of patent related activities.

 

Selling, General and Administrative.    Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses include salary and benefit expenses, sales commissions, travel expenses, related facilities costs, outside legal and accounting fees, and fees associated with Sarbanes-Oxley compliance requirements.

 

     Year ended December 31,     Percentage Change  
     2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)              

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     19.8 %   27.6 %

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”), excluding stock-based compensation

     28,263       23,473       21,845     20.4 %   7.5 %

SG&A stock-based compensation

     6,993       6,064       5,749     15.3 %   5.5 %
                                    

Total SG&A

   $ 35,256     $ 29,537     $ 27,594     19.4 %   7.0 %
                                    

SG&A as a percentage of net revenue

     22.0 %     22.0 %     26.3 %    

 

SG&A expenses were $35.3 million, or 22.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $29.5 million, or 22.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007. SG&A expenses increased year-over-year due to an increase in headcount to support the growth in business, sales commissions, sales representative contractual obligations and bonus expenses. The year-over-year increase was also due to an increase in stock-based compensation expenses in the amount of $0.9 million.

 

SG&A expenses were $29.5 million, or 22.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007 and $27.6 million, or 26.3% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2006. SG&A expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2007 primarily due to an increase in commissions due to increased revenue and increased personnel and related benefits to support the growing business.

 

Patent Litigation Settlement.

 

     Year ended December 31,     Percentage Change  
     2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)              

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     19.8 %   27.6 %

Patent litigation settlement

           9,800       3,000     (100.0 )%   226.7 %

Patent litigation settlement as a percentage of net revenue

     0.0 %     7.3 %     2.9 %    

 

There were no legal settlements in 2008. In July 2007, we received an unfavorable ruling in our litigation with TSE, for which we recorded an accrual for legal settlement of $9.8 million in the second quarter of 2007, of which $2.5 million was paid in the third quarter of 2007 and the remainder is held in escrow. During the year ended December 31, 2006, we settled our litigation with Micrel in the amount of $3.0 million.

 

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Provision for Litigation.

 

     Year ended December 31,     Percentage Change  
     2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)              

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     19.8 %   27.6 %

Provision for litigation

     6,714       9,370       11,560     (28.3 )%   (18.9 )%

Provision for litigation as a percentage of net revenue

     4.2 %     7.0 %     11.0 %    

 

Provision for litigation expenses, which represents legal expenses for ongoing litigation were $6.7 million, or 4.2% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to $9.4 million, excluding settlement expenses of $9.8 million, or 7.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007. We incurred significant legal expenses during the first six months of 2008 for our lawsuit with Linear Technology. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we incurred significant legal expenses to prepare for and try our cases against O2Micro and TSE. For a more complete description of our litigation matters, please see Part I, Item 3 “Legal Proceedings” and Note 10 “Litigation” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Provision for litigation, excluding settlement expenses of $9.8 million in 2007 and $3.0 million in 2006, was $9.4 million, or 7.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to $11.6 million, or 11.0% of revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2006. The year over year sequential decrease in the provision for litigation from 2007 to 2006 was due to reduced litigation expenses as a result of the settlement and preliminary resolution of certain lawsuits over the periods.

 

Lease Abandonment.

 

     Year ended December 31,     Percentage Change  
     2008     2007     2006     2008 to 2007     2007 to 2006  
     (in thousands, except percentages)              

Revenue

   $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015     19.8 %   27.6 %

Lease abandonment

           (496 )     1,218     (100.0 )%   (140.7 )%

Lease abandonment as a percentage of net revenue

     0.0 %     (0.4 )%     1.2 %    

 

There were no lease abandonments in 2008. In December 2006, we abandoned our lease in Los Gatos and wrote off $1.2 million in operating expenses based on the fair value of the liability in accordance with SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. In May 2007, we entered into a sublease agreement to rent a portion of our Los Gatos facility for a period of 21 months commencing on June 1, 2007 during which we are to receive gross payments of $0.7 million. As the amount we expect to receive is greater than the amount we originally estimated, we reduced the estimate of our remaining liability by $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2007.

 

Interest and Other Income.    Interest and other income was $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 and $4.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Despite higher cash, cash equivalent and investment balances in 2008, interest income decreased year-over-year due to a significant decline in interest rates in 2008 resulting from the global credit crisis.

 

Interest and other income was $4.7 million and $2.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Interest and other income increased due to higher yields and higher cash, cash equivalent and short-term investment balances and was comprised primarily of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

 

 

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Other Expense.    Other expense, comprised mainly of foreign exchange losses from the sale of a bond held in Taiwan in connection with a litigation settlement, was $0.7 million for the year ended 2008.

 

Income Tax Provision.    The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $1.2 million or 4.8% of our income before income taxes. This differs from the federal statutory rate of 34% due primarily to a benefit from earnings in low foreign tax jurisdictions and a decrease in prior-year FIN 48 reserves, which is partially offset by an increase in current-year FIN 48 reserves, additional FIN 48 interest accruals, an increase in valuation allowance in the U.S. and non-deductible stock option compensation expenses. The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $2.7 million or 18.9% of our pre-tax income. This differs from the federal statutory rate of 34% primarily because we recorded an increase in the valuation allowance of our deferred tax assets in the amount of $1.5 million as we no longer expect that our deferred tax assets will be realized. Furthermore, we provided a full valuation allowance against the tax benefits from the unpaid portion of the TSE litigation settlement, which was offset by deductions from stock option exercises and the paid portion of the TSE litigation settlement in the second quarter of 2007.

 

The income tax provision for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $6.0 million or 167.4% of the pre-tax income. This differs from the federal statutory rate of 34% primarily for the following reasons:

 

  Ÿ  

Our stock-based compensation expenses related to our incentive stock options of $4.4 million was not tax deductible;

 

  Ÿ  

We included a litigation reserve of $2.1 million, which is a tax adjustment that increases U.S. taxable income;

 

  Ÿ  

We also had an average of $2.9 million of Section 956 inventory in the US, which is a tax adjustment that increases U.S. taxable income; and

 

  Ÿ  

We calculated a partial valuation allowance for federal tax purposes of $1.6 million and full valuation allowance for state tax purposes of $0.6 million based on the likelihood that the deferred tax asset associated with stock options will not be realized.

 

For additional information, see Note 8 “Income Taxes” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Cumulative Effect of Applying SAB 108.    In September 2006, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (SAB 108), Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements. In connection with the adoption of SAB 108 effective January 1, 2006, we corrected our financial statements for the cumulative effect of certain prior period errors by decreasing accumulated deficit and accounts payable as of the SAB 108 adoption date by $0.33 million. These errors had resulted from the duplicate recording of certain inventory costs in 2003, 2004 and 2005. In addition, an error resulting from unrecorded stock grants in 2000 and 2001 was corrected by increasing accumulated deficit and common stock as of the SAB 108 adoption date by $0.27 million. We used our historical method for evaluating materiality prior to the adoption of SAB 108 and determined that these errors were not material to the financial statements for any of the prior periods.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

As of December 31, 2008, we had working capital of $117.4 million, including cash and cash equivalents of $83.3 million and short-term investments of $21.9 million compared to working capital of $119.3 million, including cash and cash equivalents of $83.1 million and short-term investments of $27.8 million as of December 31, 2007. Our working capital decreased slightly year-over-year, with the

 

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reclassification of $37.4 million in auction-rate securities from short-term to long-term investments and $25.0 million in cash used to repurchase our stock diminishing working capital and proceeds from the issuance of common stock, the exercise of stock options, and cash generated from operating activities contributing to working capital.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash provided by operating activities was $39.6 million, primarily due to strong sales and net income in 2008. For the year ended December 31, 2007, net cash provided by operating activities was $26.1 million, primarily due to increased sales, partially offset by an increase in inventory purchases in anticipation of future demand requirements. For the year ended December 31, 2006, net cash provided by operating activities was $13.8 million, primarily from increased revenues and related margin contributions.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash used in investing activities was $29.6 million, primarily related to the purchase of $28.1 million in auction-rate securities, which became illiquid in February 2008 and for which we have not been able to sell and the purchase of $5.2 million in capital equipment. This was offset by the release of $8.6 million in restricted assets as a result of an agreement between O2Micro and us relating to certain legal proceedings in Taiwan. For the year ended December 31, 2007, net cash used by investing activities was $13.9 million, primarily due to capital equipment purchases of $6.7 million. In addition, we placed in escrow $7.4 million in connection with the TSE litigation, for which we could be liable subject to the outcome of certain legal activities. For the year ended December 31, 2006, net cash generated from investing activities was $4.8 million, primarily due to net proceeds from our investments in the amount of $11.1 million. These amounts were offset by capital purchases of $7.5 million, primarily related to equipment purchases for our facility in Chengdu and the ramping up of our research and development activities.

 

We use professional investment management firms to manage the majority of our invested cash. Within the U.S., the fixed income portfolio is primarily invested in municipal bonds. Outside of the U.S., our fixed income portfolio is primarily invested in U.S. Treasury notes and other sovereign obligations, and highly rated corporate notes. The balance of the fixed income portfolio is managed internally and invested primarily in money market funds for working capital purposes.

 

The market for government-back student loan auction-rate securities with interest rates that reset through a Dutch auction every 7 to 35 days, became illiquid in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, our investment portfolio included $36.1 million, net of impairment charges of $2.7 million, in government-backed student loan auction-rate securities, which we classified as long-term investments. The portfolio also included a UBS auction-rate rights offering, which was valued at $1.3 million in accordance with the fair value measurement provisions of SFAS 159. As of December 31, 2008, $38.8 million, the face value of our auction-rate security investments, have failed to reset through successful auctions and it is unclear as to when these investments will regain their liquidity. The underlying maturity of these auction-rate securities is up to 30 years and the underlying credit quality of these instruments in which we have invested remains AAA rated.

 

We used the guidelines set forth in FASB Statement No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities to determine whether the impairment is temporary or other-than temporary. Temporary impairment charges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity and have no impact on net income. Other-than-temporary impairment charges are recorded in other income (expenses) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

In October 2008, we accepted an offer to participate in an auction-rate security rights offering from UBS to sell up to $18.2 million in the face amount of eligible auction-rate securities commencing in June 2010. The offer gives us the right but not the obligation to sell these securities at par to UBS and will allow us to borrow up to $18.2 million beginning October 7, 2008. In accepting the offer, we also entered into a release of claims in favor of UBS.

 

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Since we accepted this put right from UBS, we intend to sell these securities at par to UBS commencing in June 2010 and therefore do not possess the intent to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. The impairment related to these securities of $1.3 million was therefore considered to be other-than-temporary and charged to the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the quarter ended December 31, 2008.

 

Having accepted UBS’ rights offering, we valued the put right at fair value estimated to be equal to the par value of the auction-rate securities less their fair value as determined by management. The value of the put right was $1.3 million, which we recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The UBS rights offering is being accounted for as a fair-value instrument under SFAS No. 159 and as such, all future changes in the fair value of these instruments will be recognized in other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

For the remaining auction-rate securities for which the rights offering (described above) does not apply, and which have a face value of $20.6 million, management concluded that as of December 31, 2008, the impairment was temporary based on the following analysis:

 

  1. The decline in the fair value of the security is not attributable to adverse conditions specifically related to the security or to specific conditions in an industry or in a geographic area;

 

  2. The decline in the fair value of the security has not existed for an extended period of time;

 

  3. Management possesses both the intent and the ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value;

 

  4. The security has not been downgraded by a rating agency;

 

  5. The financial condition of the issuer has not deteriorated; and

 

  6. All scheduled interest payments have been made pursuant to the reset terms and conditions.

 

Unless another rights offering or other similar offers are made to and accepted by us on terms that we deem favorable, we intend to hold the balance of these investments through successful auctions at par, which we believe could take approximately 1.5 years.

 

The valuation of the auction-rate securities is subject to fluctuations in the future, which will depend on many factors, including the collateral quality, potential to be called or restructured, underlying final maturity, insurance guaranty, liquidity and market conditions, among others. To determine the fair value of the auction-rate securities at December 31, 2008, we used a discounted cash flow model, for which there are three valuation parameters, including time-to-liquidity, discount rate and expected return. Over the past year, the parameters changed, as follows:

 

     Q108     Q208     Q308     Q408  

Time-to-Liquidity (decreased by 3 months every quarter, except as noted)

   24-months     21 months     18 months     18 months  

Expected Return (Based on the 2-year treasury rate, plus a contractual penalty rate)

   4.3 %   4.3 %   3.9 %   2.3 %

Discount Rate (Based on the 2-year LIBOR, the cost of debt and a liquidity risk premium)

   5.0 %   5.0 %   7.3 %   6.8 %

 

In both the third and fourth quarters of 2008, we assumed a constant time-to-liquidity of 18 months. The treasury rate decreased significantly from the third quarter to the fourth quarter of 2008, which in turn decreased the expected return (cash flows). LIBOR also decreased from the third quarter

 

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to the fourth quarter of 2008, but the student-loan credit default swaps spread widened significantly. The net impact was an increase in the total impairment charge from $2.0 million as of September 30, 2008 to $2.7 million as of December 31, 2008, of which $1.4 million was recorded as temporary and the remaining $1.3 million was recorded as other-than-temporary.

 

Net cash used by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $9.8 million, primarily from the repurchase of $25.0 million of our common stock of which our Board approved a repurchase of up to $25.0 million. This was partially offset by the proceeds related to the issuance of common stock in the amount of $14.5 million and excess tax benefits related to the exercise of options of $0.8 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $20.0 million, primarily from the proceeds related to the issuance of common stock in the amount of $17.3 million and excess tax benefits related to the exercise of options in the amount of $2.7 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $7.2 million, primarily from the proceeds related to the issuance of common stock in the amount of $5.3 million, excess tax benefits related to the exercise of options in the amount of $1.4 million and the repayment of a stockholder note in the amount of $0.4 million.

 

Although cash requirements will fluctuate based on the timing and extent of many factors such as those discussed above, we believe that cash generated from operations, together with the liquidity provided by existing cash balances and short term investments, will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. For further details regarding our operating, investing and financing activities, see the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

 

Contractual Obligations and Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We lease our headquarters and sales offices in San Jose, California under a non-cancelable operating lease which expires in October 2016. Although we relocated our headquarters from Los Gatos, California to San Jose, we have a non-cancelable lease on our Los Gatos facility which expired in February 2009, for which we signed an agreement in May 2007 to sublease a portion of the property for the remaining term. In the second quarter of 2007, we reversed $0.5 million of the $1.3 million write-off that we recorded in the fourth quarter of 2006 as a result of the aforementioned sublease. Certain of our facility leases provide for periodic rent increases. In addition, as described below, we have a five-year lease arrangement which we entered into in September 2004 for our manufacturing facility located in Chengdu, China. We also lease our sales offices in Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea.

 

In the fourth quarter of 2007, we qualified a second source foundry and have incorporated their wafers in our production units. As of December 31, 2008, our total outstanding purchase commitments were $10.3 million, which includes wafer purchases from our two foundries and the purchase of assembly services primarily from multiple contractors in Asia. This compares to purchase commitments of $9.1 million as of December 31, 2007.

 

In September 2004, we signed an agreement with a Chinese local authority to construct a facility in Chengdu, China, initially for the testing of our ICs. Pursuant to this agreement, we agreed to contribute capital in the form of cash, in-kind assets, and/or intellectual property, of at least $5.0 million to our wholly-owned Chinese subsidiary as the registered capital for the subsidiary and exercised the option to purchase land use rights for the facility of approximately $0.2 million. We also have the option to acquire the facility after a five-year lease term for the original construction cost less rents paid, which is currently estimated at $2.0 million.

 

 

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The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2008, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flow over the next five years (in thousands).

 

     Payments by Period
     Total    < 1 year    1-3 years    4-5 years    Thereafter

Operating leases

   $ 9,099    $ 1,261    $ 3,285    $ 2,292    $ 2,261

Outstanding purchase commitments

     10,256      10,256         
                                  
   $ 19,355    $ 11,517    $ 3,285    $ 2,292    $ 2,261
                                  

 

Because of the uncertainty as to the timing of payments related to our liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, we have excluded estimated obligations of $4.8 million from the table above.

 

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

As of December 31, 2008, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in Item 303(a)(4) of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation S-K.

 

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

Our cash equivalents and investments are subject to market risk, primarily interest rate and credit risk. Our investments are managed by outside professional managers within investment guidelines set by us. Such guidelines include security type, credit quality and maturity and are intended to limit market risk by restricting our investments to high quality debt instruments with relatively short-term maturities.

 

We do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. Investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale or trading, and no gains or losses are recognized by us in our results of operations due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or are determined to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains being included in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity. Trading securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

 

Fluctuations in interest rates of +/- 10% could impact our annual results of operations by approximately $0.3 million.

 

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

 

Our sales outside the United States are transacted in U.S. dollars. Accordingly, our sales are not generally impacted by foreign currency rate changes. In 2008, the primary functional currency of the Company’s offshore operations was the local currency, primarily the New Taiwan Dollar and the Chinese Yuan. To date, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates have not had a material impact on our results of operations. However, fluctuations in the currency of +/- 10% in such local currencies could impact our annual results of operations by approximately $1.7 million.

 

Value Change to Investments

 

As of February 28, 2009, all of our holdings in auction rate securities, which have a face value of $38.8 million, have failed to reset as a result of current market conditions. Should these auctions

 

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continue to fail and if the credit rating for these securities decline, a 10% decline in the par value could impact our results of operations by approximately $3.9 million.

 

In valuing the auction-rate securities using the discounted cash flow model, a change in the risk premium and time-to-maturity by 10% would result in a change in the value of our auction-rate securities portfolio by $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

 

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Contents

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   48

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   51

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   52

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

   53

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   55

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   56

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

    of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 

San Jose, California

February 26, 2009

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders

    of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.:

 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended

 

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December 31, 2008 of the Company, and our report dated February 26, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph relating to the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, effective January 1, 2008.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 

San Jose, California

February 26, 2009

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

      December 31,  
     2008     2007  

ASSETS

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 83,266     $ 83,114  

Short-term investments

     21,922       27,765  

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $0 and $227, respectively, in 2008 and 2007

     9,115       8,239  

Inventories

     18,887       17,487  

Deferred income tax assets, net—current

     75       72  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     2,622       4,733  

Restricted cash

     7,360       7,350  
                

Total current assets

     143,247       148,760  
                

Property and equipment, net

     14,163       14,175  

Long-term investments

     37,425        

Deferred income tax assets, net—long-term

     19       776  

Other assets

     438       539  

Restricted assets

     7       8,340  
                

Total assets

   $ 195,299     $ 172,590  
                

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 4,674     $ 6,154  

Accrued compensation and related benefits

     7,848       8,299  

Accrued liabilities

     13,360       14,959  
                

Total current liabilities

     25,882       29,412  
                

Non-current income tax liability

     4,762       5,318  

Other long-term liabilities

     10       323  
                

Total liabilities

     30,654       35,053  
                

Commitments and contingencies (Notes 9 and 10)

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Common stock, $0.001 par value, $34 and $33 in 2008 and 2007, respectively; shares authorized: 150,000,000; shares issued and outstanding: 33,646,821 and 33,454,595 in 2008 and 2007, respectively

     147,298       143,890  

Deferred stock compensation

           (3 )

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

     17,411       (6,815 )

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     (64 )     465  
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     164,645       137,537  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 195,299     $ 172,590  
                

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

    Year Ended December 31,  
    2008     2007     2006  

Revenue

  $ 160,511     $ 134,004     $ 105,015  

Cost of revenue

    61,184       48,781       38,107  
                       

Gross profit

    99,327       85,223       66,908  
                       

Operating expenses:

     

Research and development

    34,850       27,342       22,301  

Selling, general and administrative

    35,256       29,537       27,594  

Lease abandonment

          (496 )     1,218  

Patent litigation settlement

          9,800       3,000  

Provision for litigation

    6,714       9,370       11,560  
                       

Total operating expenses

    76,820       75,553       65,673  
                       

Income from operations

    22,507       9,670       1,235  
                       

Other income (expense):

     

Interest and other income

    3,587       4,741       2,637  

Other expense

    (652 )     (139 )     (273 )
                       

Total other income, net

    2,935       4,602       2,364  
                       

Income before income taxes

    25,442       14,272       3,599  

Income tax provision

    1,216       2,692       6,024  
                       

Net income (loss)

  $ 24,226     $ 11,580     $ (2,425 )
                       

Basic income (loss) per share

  $ 0.72     $ 0.37     $ (0.08 )
                       

Diluted income (loss) per share

  $ 0.67     $ 0.33     $ (0.08 )
                       

Weighted-average common shares outstanding

    33,509       31,703       29,502  

Stock options, restricted stock and warrants

    2,611       3,387        
                       

Diluted weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding

    36,120       35,090       29,502  
                       

 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

     Common Stock     Deferred
Stock
Compensation
    Notes
Receivable
from
Stockholders
    Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
     Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
     Shares    Amount              

Balance as of December 31, 2005

   29,155,722    $ 98,342     $ (4,544 )   $ (398 )   $ (15,094 )    $ (138 )    $ 78,168  

Cumulative effect of applying SAB 108—accounts payable

              331           331  

Cumulative effect of applying SAB 108—stock compensation

        269           (269 )          

Components of comprehensive loss:

                 

Net loss

              (2,425 )         (2,425 )

Foreign exchange loss

                 (60 )      (60 )
                       

Total comprehensive loss

                    (2,485 )
                       

Exercise of stock options, net of income tax benefit of $1,758

   944,743      5,689                 5,689  

Exercise of warrants

   31,282                   

Shares purchased through ESPP

   172,037      1,209                 1,209  

Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures

        9,936       1,526               11,462  

Compensation expense for non-employee stock options

        62                 62  

Reclass of deferred compensation

        (2,531 )     2,531                

Sale of common stock

   12,500      191                 191  

Repayment of stockholder note receivable

            398             398  

Issuance of restricted stock

   53,097                   
                                                       

Balance as of December 31, 2006

   30,369,381    $ 113,168     $ (487 )   $     $ (17,458 )    $ (198 )    $ 95,025  
                                                       

Cumulative effect of adopting FIN 48—adjustment to retained earnings

              (937 )         (937 )

Components of comprehensive loss:

                 

Net income

              11,580           11,580  

Unrealized gains

                 46        46  

Foreign exchange gain

                 617        617  
                       

Total comprehensive income

                    12,243  
                       

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY—(Continued)

(in thousands, except share amounts)

 

     Common Stock     Deferred
Stock
Compensation
    Notes
Receivable
from
Stockholders
   Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
     Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
     Shares     Amount               

Exercise of stock options, including net excess tax benefit of $2,684

   2,902,927       18,333                  18,333  

Shares purchased through ESPP

   180,148       1,645                  1,645  

Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures

       10,646       484                11,130  

Compensation expense for non-employee stock options

       98                  98  

Issuance of restricted stock

   2,139                         
                                                       

Balance as of December 31, 2007

   33,454,595     $ 143,890     $ (3 )   $    $ (6,815 )    $ 465      $ 137,537  
                                                       

Components of comprehensive loss:

                 

Net income

              24,226           24,226  

Impairment of Auction Rate Securities

                 (1,400 )      (1,400 )

Unrealized gains

                 (1 )      (1 )

Foreign exchange gain

                 872        872  
                       

Total comprehensive income

                    23,697  
                       

Exercise of stock options, including net excess tax benefit of $765

   1,417,585       13,480                  13,480  

Repurchase of common shares

   (1,430,105 )     (25,043 )                (25,043 )

Shares purchased through ESPP

   125,207       1,778                  1,778  

Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures

       13,151       3                13,154  

Compensation expense for non-employee stock options

       42                  42  

Issuance of restricted stock

   79,539                         
                                                       

Balance as of December 31, 2008

   33,646,821     $ 147,298     $     $    $ 17,411      $ (64 )    $ 164,645  
                                                       

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income (loss)

   $ 24,226     $ 11,580     $ (2,425 )

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:

      

Depreciation and amortization

     5,725       4,184       2,724  

Loss on disposal of property and equipment

     5       127       128  

Deferred income tax assets

     710       1,694       1,921  

Tax benefit from stock option transactions

     2,110       3,646       1,842  

Excess tax benefit from stock option transactions

     (765 )     (2,684 )     (1,437 )

Stock-based compensation

     13,158       11,228       11,524  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     (876 )     917       381  

Inventories

     (1,356 )     (10,747 )     (572 )

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     2,206       (3,671 )     289  

Accounts payable

     (1,382 )     208       (687 )

Accrued and long-term liabilities

     (1,816 )     4,292       896  

Accrued income taxes payable and noncurrent tax liabilities

     (1,897 )     1,926       (2,371 )

Accrued compensation and related benefits

     (458 )     3,425       1,610  
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     39,590       26,125       13,823  
                        

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Property and equipment purchases

     (5,233 )     (6,653 )     (7,474 )

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

           58       1  

Purchase of short-term investments

     (36,608 )     (58,776 )     (87,294 )

Purchase of long-term investments

     (28,050 )            

Proceeds from sale of short-term investments

     30,985       58,774       98,434  

Proceeds from sale of long-term investments

     725              

Changes in restricted assets

     8,566       (7,350 )     1,097  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (29,615 )     (13,947 )     4,764  
                        

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

     12,715       15,649       4,123  

Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan

     1,778       1,645       1,209  

Repurchase of common stock

     (25,043 )            

Excess tax benefits from stock option transactions

     765       2,684       1,437  

Repayment of stockholder note receivable

                 398  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (9,785 )     19,978       7,167  
                        

Effect of change in exchange rates

     (38 )     142       (29 )
                        

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     152       32,298       25,725  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     83,114       50,816       25,091  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 83,266     $ 83,114     $ 50,816  
                        

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:

      

Cash paid (refund) for taxes

   $ (2,482 )   $ (1,688 )   $ 4,608  
                        

Liability accrued for equipment purchases

   $ 228     $ 372     $ 355  
                        

Unrealized loss on auction-rate securities

   $ 1,400     $     $  
                        

Other-than-temporary impairment of long-term investments

   $ (1,250 )   $     $  
                        

Value of auction-rate security put right

   $ 1,250     $     $  
                        

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Business—Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. (MPS or the Company) was incorporated in the State of California on August 22, 1997. On November 17, 2004, the Company was reincorporated in the State of Delaware. MPS designs, develops and markets proprietary, advanced analog and mixed-signal semiconductors. The company combines advanced process technology with its highly experienced analog designers to produce high-performance power management integrated circuits (ICs) for DC to DC converters, LED drivers, Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) backlight controllers, Class-D audio amplifiers, and other Linear ICs. MPS products are used extensively in computing and network communications products, LCD monitors and TVs, and a wide variety of consumer and portable electronics products. MPS partners with world-class manufacturing organizations to deliver top quality, ultra-compact, high-performance solutions through productive, cost-efficient channels.

 

Basis of Presentation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Foreign Currency Transactions—The Company’s foreign subsidiaries operate primarily using their respective local currencies, and therefore, the local currency has been determined to be the functional currency for each foreign subsidiary. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period. Revenue and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity.

 

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Certain Significant Risks and Uncertainties—Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company’s cash consists of checking and savings accounts. The Company’s cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments purchased with remaining maturities at the date of purchase of three months or less. The Company’s short-term investments consist primarily of commercial paper and the Company’s long-term investments consist of government-backed student loan auction-rate securities. The Company generally does not require its customers to provide collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. To manage credit risk, management performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition.

 

The Company participates in the dynamic high technology industry and believes that changes in any of the following areas could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations or cash flows: advances and trends in new technologies and industry standards; competitive pressures in the form of new products or price reductions on current products; changes in product mix; changes in the overall demand for products offered by the Company; changes in third-party manufacturers; changes in key suppliers; changes in certain strategic relationships or

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

customer relationships; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory or other factors; fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; risk associated with changes in domestic and international economic and/or political regulations; availability of necessary components or subassemblies; availability of foundry capacity; and the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support its growth.

 

The Company is also a party to litigation with several competitors (see Note 10).

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments—The Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, effective January 1, 2008. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the three categories, as follows:

 

  Ÿ  

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets;

  Ÿ  

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs; and

  Ÿ  

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs.

 

The Company also adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an Amendment of FASB Statement No. 115, effective January 1, 2008. This statement permits entities to choose to measure financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The UBS put right is being accounted for as a fair-value instrument under SFAS No. 159, with changes in fair value being included in earnings.

 

The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments and the UBS put right. Cash equivalents are stated at cost which approximates fair market value based on quoted market prices. Short-term, long-term investments and the UBS put right are stated at their fair market value. Please refer to Note 2, Fair Value Measurements, for further information.

 

The face value of the Company’s holdings in auction rate securities is $38.8 million, of which $20.6 million are currently classified as long-term, “available-for-sale” investments and the remainder as long-term, “trading” investments. The auction-rate securities and other marketable securities are accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Investments in trading securities are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Investments in available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value, and unrealized gains or losses (that are deemed to be temporary) are recognized, net of taxes, through shareholders’ equity, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in our consolidated balance sheet. The Company records an impairment charge to earnings when an investment has experienced a decline in value that is deemed to be other-than-temporary.

 

Inventories—Inventories are stated at the lower of the standard cost (which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or current estimated market value. The Company monitors manufacturing variances and revises standard costs if necessary. Due to continued demand changes, potential obsolescence, and product life cycle, the Company writes down inventory to net realizable values, as needed.

 

The Company’s products also contain critical components supplied by a single or limited number of third parties. The Company has an inventory of such components to ensure an available supply of

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

products for its customers. Any significant shortage of such components or the failure of the third-party suppliers to maintain or enhance these components could materially adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.

 

Property and Equipment—Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease period.

 

Long-Lived Assets—The Company evaluates long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. Such impairment loss would be measured as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and its fair value based on the present value of estimated future cash flows.

 

Other Assets—Other assets consist primarily of intangibles assets for the land use rights in Chengdu and long-term lease deposits.

 

Restricted Cash—At December 31, 2008, the Company had restricted assets of $7.4 million. In July 2007, the Company placed in escrow $7.4 million as a result of a settlement with Taiwan Sumida Electronics, Inc. (“TSE”) and for which the Company could be liable if certain conditions are met (see Note 10).

 

Revenue Recognition—The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, Revenue Recognition (“SAB 104”) issued by the Staff of the SEC. SAB 104 requires that four basic criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; (3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectibility is reasonably assured. Determination of criteria (3) and (4) are based on management’s judgment regarding the fixed nature of the fee charged for products delivered and the collectibility of those fees. The application of these criteria has resulted in the Company generally recognizing revenue upon shipment (when title passes) to customers. Should changes in conditions cause management to determine these criteria are not met for certain future transactions, revenue recognized for any reporting period could be adversely impacted.

 

More than 90% of the Company’s distributor sales are made through distribution arrangements with third parties. These arrangements do not include any special payment terms (the Company’s normal payment terms are 30-45 days), price protection or exchange rights. Returns are limited to the Company’s standard product warranty. Certain of the Company’s large distributors have contracts that include limited stock rotation rights that permit the return of a small percentage of the previous six months’ purchases in return for a compensating new order of equal or greater dollar value.

 

The Company maintains a sales reserve for stock rotation rights, which is based on historical experience of actual stock rotation returns on a per distributor basis and information related to products in the distribution channel. This reserve is recorded at the time of sale.

 

If the Company enters into arrangements that have rights of return that are not estimable, the Company recognizes revenue under such arrangements only after the distributor has sold the Company’s products to an end customer.

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Less than 10% of the Company’s distributor sales are made through small distributors based on purchase orders rather than formal distribution arrangements. These distributors do not receive any stock rotation rights.

 

The terms in a majority of the Company’s distribution agreements include the non-exclusive right to sell, and the agreement to use best efforts to promote and develop a market for, the Company’s products in certain regions of the world and the ability to terminate the distribution agreement by either party with up to three months notice. The Company provides a one year warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. Under this warranty, the Company will repair the goods, provide replacements at no charge, or, under certain circumstances, provide a refund to the customer for defective products. Estimated warranty returns and warranty costs are based on historical experience and are recorded at the time product revenue is recognized.

 

In 2006, the Company signed a distribution agreement with a U.S. distributor. Revenue from this distributor is recognized upon sale by the distributor to the end customer because the distributor has certain rights of return which management believes are not estimable. For the year ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the deferred revenue balance from this distributor was $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

 

Stock-Based Compensation—Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment. SFAS No. 123(R) establishes accounting for stock-based awards based on the fair value of the award measured at grant date. Accordingly, stock-based compensation cost is recognized as an expense over the requisite service period. The Company previously recognized expense for employee stock-based awards in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations and provided the required pro forma disclosures of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (“SFAS No. 123”). The Company elected to adopt SFAS No. 123(R) using the modified prospective application method. Under the modified prospective method, prior period results are not restated. The fair value of (i) stock options granted or modified after December 31, 2005 and (ii) the unvested portion of stock options granted after the Company’s initial filing of its registration statement on Form S-1 on July 13, 2004 for its initial public offering and before the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) are recognized as compensation expense using the Black-Scholes option pricing method. Stock options granted prior to July 13, 2004, the date the Company filed its initial registration statement on Form S-1, will continue to be accounted for and recognized as compensation expense using the intrinsic value method under APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations as required under SFAS 123(R). Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), tax benefits in excess of compensation cost recognized were reported as operating cash flows. SFAS No. 123(R) requires excess tax benefits to be reported as a financing cash flow rather than as a component of operating cash flows.

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Company has two stock option plans and an employee stock purchase plan—the 1998 Stock Option Plan, the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, as follows (in thousands):

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006

Non-Employee

   $ 42    $ 98    $ 62

ESPP

     676      600      440

Restricted Stock

     3,054      1,844      933

Stock Options

     9,386      8,686      10,089
                    

TOTAL

   $ 13,158    $ 11,228    $ 11,524
                    

 

Research and Development—Costs incurred in research and development are charged to operations as incurred.

 

Income Taxes—The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. This process involves calculating the temporary and permanent differences between the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, which established financial accounting and reporting standards for the effect of income taxes. The Company must assess the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent the Company believes that recovery is not likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. Changes in the Company’s valuation allowance in a period are recorded through the income tax provision on the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

Based on the available objective evidence, which includes the recent financial history of the Company and the forecasted taxable loss for the United States, management concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company’s deferred tax assets would not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company had a valuation allowance of $14.4 million and $11.9 million as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.

 

On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

 

The Company adopted SFAS 123(R) as of January 1, 2006 and, as a result, incurred significant stock-based compensation expense, some of which related to incentive stock options for which no corresponding tax benefit is recognized unless a disqualifying disposition occurs. Disqualifying dispositions result in a reduction of income tax expense in the period when the disqualifying disposition

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

occurs in an amount equal to the tax benefit relating to previously recognized stock compensation expense. Tax benefits related to realized tax deductions in excess of previously expensed stock compensation are recorded as an addition to paid-in-capital.

 

Patent Litigation—Costs incurred in registering and defending the Company’s patents and other proprietary rights are charged to operations as incurred (See Note 10).

 

Comprehensive Income (Loss)—Comprehensive income represents the change in the Company’s net assets during the period from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains/(losses) on investments and foreign exchange gains/(losses) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.

 

     Years ended December 31,  
     2008     2007    2006  

Net income (loss)

   $ 24,226     $ 11,580    $ (2,425 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

       

Impairment of Auction-Rate Securities

     (1,400 )           

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities

     (1 )     46       

Foreign currency translation adjustments

     872       617      (60 )
                       

Comprehensive income (loss)

   $ 23,697     $ 12,243    $ (2,485 )
                       

 

Accumulated other comprehensive gains (losses) presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2008 consists primarily of an impairment of the Company’s holdings in auction-rate securities in the amount of $1.4 million, offset by $1.3 million, primarily due to favorable fluctuations of the renminbi. Accumulated other comprehensive income presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2007 consists primarily of $0.4 million in foreign currency translation gains.

 

New Accounting Standards To Be Adopted—In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162 (“SFAS 162”), The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principals. SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States. This Statement is effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS 162 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

2. Fair Value Measurements

 

The following is a schedule of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments as of December 31, 2008 and 2007.

 

     Adjusted Cost and
Estimated Fair
Market Value
as of December 31,
     2008    2007

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments

     

Cash in Banks

   $ 68,269    $ 35,206

Government Agencies / Treasuries

     8,878      37,996

Commercial Paper

     28,041      15,527

Auction Rate Securities backed by Student-Loan Notes

     37,425      22,150

Restricted Cash

     7,360      7,350
             

Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments

   $ 149,973    $ 118,229
             

Reported as:

     

Cash and Cash Equivalents

   $ 83,266    $ 83,114

Short-term Investments

     21,922      27,765

Long-term Investments

     37,425     

Restricted cash

     7,360      7,350
             

Total Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments

   $ 149,973    $ 118,229
             

 

The contractual maturities of the Company’s investments classified as available-for-sale or trading securities as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:

 

     2008    2007

Less than 1 year

   $ 21,922    $ 3,963

1 — 5 years

          1,652

Greater than 5 years

     37,425      22,150
             
   $ 59,347    $ 27,765
             

 

The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, effective January 1, 2008. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the three categories noted below. The following table details the fair value measurements as of December 31, 2008 within the fair value hierarchy of the financial assets that are required to be recorded at fair value (in thousands):

 

     Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
          Quoted Prices in
Active Markets for
Identical Assets
   Significant Other
Observable Inputs
   Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
     Total    Level 1    Level 2    Level 3

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 83,266    $ 83,266    $    $

Fixed income available-for-sale securities

     21,922      21,922          

Auction-rate securities

     36,175                36,175

Put Right

     1,250                1,250
                           
   $ 142,613    $ 105,188    $    $ 37,425
                           

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Fixed income available-for-sale securities includes government agencies and treasuries and commercial paper, $21.9 million of which are classified as short-term investments and the remainder of which is classified as cash and cash equivalents on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2008, we had $45.0 million invested in money market funds, $39.4 million of which is guaranteed by the Government-sponsored Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program. At December 31, 2008, there was an immaterial amount of unrealized gains and losses from these investments.

 

The following table provides a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for the assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in thousands):

 

     Auction-Rate
Securities
    Put Right    Total  

Beginning balances as of January 1, 2008

   $     $    $  

Transfer into Level 3

   $ 11,500     $    $ 11,500  

Unrealized loss

   $ (2,650 )   $    $ (2,650 )

Purchases, sales and settlements (net)

   $ 27,325     $    $ 27,325  

Unrealized gain resulting from the valuation of the UBS put right

   $     $ 1,250    $ 1,250  
                       

Ending balances as of December 31, 2008

   $ 36,175     $ 1,250    $ 37,425  
                       

 

The Company’s Level 3 assets consist of government-backed student loan auction-rate securities and the UBS put right. The market for auction-rate securities, with interest rates that reset through a Dutch auction every 7 to 35 days became illiquid in 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s investment portfolio included $36.1 million, net of impairment charges of $2.7 million, in government-backed student loan auction-rate securities, which the Company has classified as long-term investments. The portfolio also included a UBS auction-rate put right, which was valued at $1.3 million in accordance with the fair value measurement provisions of SFAS No. 159. As of December 31, 2008, $38.8 million, the face value of the Company’s auction-rate security investments, have failed to reset through successful auctions and it is unclear as to when these investments will regain their liquidity. The underlying maturity of these auction-rate securities is up to 30 years and the underlying credit quality of these instruments in which the Company has invested remains AAA rated.

 

The Company used the guidelines set forth in FASB Statement No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities to determine whether the impairment is temporary or other-than temporary. Temporary impairment charges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within equity and have no impact on net income. Other-than-temporary impairment charges are recorded in other income expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

In October 2008, the Company accepted an offer to participate in an auction-rate security rights offering from UBS to sell up to $18.2 million in the face amount of eligible auction-rate securities commencing in June 2010. The offer gives the Company the right but not the obligation to sell these securities at par to UBS and will allow the Company to borrow up to $18.2 million beginning October 7, 2008. In accepting the offer, the Company also entered into a release of claims in favor of UBS.

 

Since the Company accepted this put right from UBS in October 2008, the Company intends to sell these securities at par to UBS commencing in June 2010 and therefore does not possess the intent to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. The impairment related to these securities of $1.3 million was therefore be considered to be other-than-temporary and charged to operations.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Having accepted UBS’ rights offering and elected the fair value option under SFAS No. 159, the Company valued the resulting put right at fair value estimated to be equal to the par value of the auction-rate securities less their fair value as determined by management. The value of the put right was $1.3 million, which the Company recorded in other income in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

 

For the remaining auction-rate securities for which the put right (described above) does not apply, and which have a face value of $20.6 million, management concluded that as of December 31, 2008, the impairment of $1.4 million was temporary based on the following analysis:

 

  Ÿ  

The decline in the fair value of the security is not attributable to adverse conditions specifically related to the security or to specific conditions in an industry or in a geographic area;

 

  Ÿ  

The decline in the fair value of the security has not existed for an extended period of time;

 

  Ÿ  

Management possesses both the intent and the ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value;

 

  Ÿ  

The security has not been downgraded by a rating agency;

 

  Ÿ  

The financial condition of the issuer has not deteriorated; and

 

  Ÿ  

All scheduled interest payments have been made pursuant to the reset terms and conditions.

 

Unless another rights offering or other similar offers are made to and accepted by the Company on terms that the Company deems favorable, the Company intends to hold the balance of these investments through successful auctions at par, which the Company believes could take approximately 1.5 years.

 

The valuation of the auction-rate securities is subject to fluctuations in the future, which will depend on many factors, including the collateral quality, potential to be called or restructured, underlying final maturity, insurance guaranty, liquidity and market conditions, among others. To determine the fair value of the auction-rate securities at December 31, 2008, the Company used a discounted cash flow model, for which there are three valuation parameters, including time-to-liquidity, discount rate and expected return. The parameters are as follows:

 

     Q108     Q208     Q308     Q408  

Time-to-Liquidity (decreased by 3 months every quarter, except as noted)

   24-months     21 months     18 months     18 months  

Expected Return (Based on the 2-year treasury rate, plus a contractual penalty rate)

   4.3 %   4.3 %   3.9 %   2.3 %

Discount Rate (Based on the 2-year LIBOR, the cost of debt and a liquidity risk premium)

   5.0 %   5.0 %   7.3 %   6.8 %

 

The gross impairment charge was $2.7 million as of December 31, 2008, of which $1.4 million was recorded as temporary and the remaining $1.3 million was recorded as other-than-temporary.

 

If the auctions continue to fail, the liquidity of the Company’s investment portfolio may be negatively impacted and the value of its investment portfolio could decline.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

3. Inventories

 

Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007

Work in progress

   $ 10,653    $ 8,101

Finished goods

     8,234      9,386
             

Total inventories

   $ 18,887    $ 17,487
             

 

4. Property and Equipment, net

 

Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007  

Computers, software and equipment

   $ 27,622     $ 22,438  

Furniture and fixtures

     355       403  

Leasehold improvements

     1,778       1,593  

Vehicles

     329       268  
                

Total

     30,084       24,702  

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

     (15,921 )     (10,527 )
                

Property and equipment, net

   $ 14,163     $ 14,175  
                

 

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $5.7 million, $4.2 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

 

5. Accrued Liabilities

 

Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007

Warranty (see Note 9)

   $ 764    $ 1,025

Legal expenses and settlement costs

     8,791      9,664

Professional fees

     66      746

Deferred revenue

     841      1,306

Other

     2,898      2,218
             

Total accrued liabilities

   $ 13,360    $ 14,959
             

 

6. Stockholders’ Equity

 

1998 Stock Option Plan

 

Under the Company’s 1998 Stock Option Plan (the 1998 Plan), the Company reserved 11,807,024 shares of common stock for issuance to the Company’s employees, directors and consultants. Options granted under the 1998 Plan have a maximum term of ten years and generally

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

vest over four years at the rate of 25 percent one year from the date of grant and 1/48th monthly thereafter. On November 19, 2004, the effective date of the Company’s initial public offering, the 1998 Plan was terminated for future grants and the remaining 1,392,750 shares available for grant were moved to the Company’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan). In addition, throughout the year, shares underlying options from the 1998 Plan that are cancelled (for example, upon termination of service) are transferred to the 2004 Plan based on the number of cancellations that occur throughout the year.

 

2004 Equity Incentive Plan

 

The Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Company’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan in March 2004, and the Company’s stockholders approved it in November 2004. Options granted under the 2004 Plan have a maximum term of ten years. New hire grants generally vest over four years at the rate of 25 percent one year from the date of grant and 1/48th monthly thereafter. Refresh grants generally vest over four years at the rate of 50 percent two years from the date of grant and 1/48th monthly thereafter. There were 800,000 shares initially reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan. The 2004 Plan provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance beginning on January 1, 2005 equal to the least of: 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the first day of the year, 2,400,000 shares, or a number of shares determined by the Board of Directors. The following is a summary of the 2004 Plan, which includes stock options and restricted stock awards and units:

 

Available for Grant as of December 31, 2007

   1,603,319  

2008 Additions to Plan

   1,672,730  

2008 Grants

   (2,877,917 )

2008 Cancellations

   415,469  
      

Available for Grant as of December 31, 2008

   813,601  
      

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

A summary of the status of the Company’s stock option plans at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 and changes therein are presented in the table below:

 

     Stock
Options
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
of Shares
Expected to
be Exercised

Outstanding at December 31, 2005 (3,428,626 options exercisable at a weighted-average exercise price of $3.65 per share)

   8,379,216     $ 5.87    8.06    $ 76,465,538
                        

Options granted (weighted-average fair value of $8.05 per share)

   2,129,000       14.37      

Options exercised

   (944,743 )     4.15      

Options forfeited

   (485,278 )     10.97      
                  

Outstanding at December 31, 2006 (4,576,160 options exercisable at a weighted-average exercise price of $4.82 per share)

   9,078,195     $ 7.77    7.21    $ 37,698,914
                        

Options granted (weighted-average fair value of $7.21 per share)

   1,537,400       17.02      

Options exercised

   (2,902,927 )     5.39      

Options forfeited and expired

   (269,862 )     10.82      
                  

Outstanding at December 31, 2007 (3,722,936 options exercisable at a weighted-average exercise price of $6.94 per share)

   7,442,806     $ 10.50    6.64    $ 81,762,963
                        

Options granted (weighted-average fair value of $6.08 per share)

   2,566,290       17.10      

Options exercised

   (1,417,585 )     8.97      

Options forfeited and expired

   (394,874 )     14.72      
                  

Outstanding at December 31, 2008

   8,196,637     $ 12.62    5.91    $ 20,193,958
                        

Options exercisable at December 31, 2008 and expected to become exercisable

   7,506,407     $ 12.31    5.88    $ 19,992,208
                        

Options vested and exercisable at December 31, 2008

   3,766,630     $ 8.26    5.54    $ 19,050,764
                        

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following summarizes information as of December 31, 2008 concerning outstanding and exercisable options:

 

      Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable

Range of

Exercises Prices

   Number of
Options
Outstanding

as if
12/31/2008
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual

Life (Years)
   Weighted
Average
Exercise

Price
   Number of
Options
Exercisable

as of
12/31/2008
   Weighted
Average
Exercise

Price

$0.08 – $5.00

   1,315,642    4.41    $ 2.81    1,315,642    $ 2.81

$7.50 – $8.41

   1,009,956    6.28    $ 7.98    890,103    $ 7.93

$8.50 – $11.84

   821,481    5.89    $ 9.81    662,213    $ 9.84

$11.85 – $13.01

   1,105,754    5.93    $ 12.54    240,196    $ 11.97

$13.17 – $15.64

   905,282    6.32    $ 15.06    202,083    $ 14.49

$15.74 – $16.00

   1,223,441    6.50    $ 15.86    130,214    $ 15.97

$16.23 – $18.77

   895,914    6.02    $ 18.06    247,669    $ 17.71

$18.91 – $25.12

   811,667    6.31    $ 21.97    78,510    $ 20.25

$25.14

   31,500    6.59    $ 25.14       $

$25.84

   76,000    6.46    $ 25.84       $
                  
   8,196,637          3,766,630   
                  

 

The total fair value of options that vested was $9.4 million, $8.7 million and $10.1 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was $20.5 million, $36.3 million and $10.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $12.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. At December 31, 2008, unamortized compensation expense related to unvested options was approximately $21.0 million. The weighted average period over which compensation expense related to these unvested options will be recognized is approximately 2.8 years.

 

The employee stock-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS 123(R) was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Option pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions and these assumptions can vary over time. The Company used the following weighted-average assumptions to determine the fair value of the awards granted during the respective periods:

 

     2008     2007     2006  

Expected term (years)

   4.1     4.4     4.9  

Expected volatility

   40.1 %   44.9 %   60.6 %

Risk-free interest rate

   2.6 %   4.6 %   4.7 %

Dividend yield

            

 

In estimating the expected term, the Company considered its historical stock option exercise experience, post vesting cancellations and remaining contractual term of the options outstanding. The estimated expected volatility included the historical stock prices of MPS and companies similar to MPS, as the Company does not have sufficient historical data as a public company to determine reasonable estimates. MPS considered companies of similar size, industry and financial structure to devise its estimate. The Company uses the U.S. Treasury yield for its risk-free interest rate and a dividend yield of zero as it does not issue dividends. The Company applies a forfeiture rate that is based on options that have been forfeited historically.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Restricted Stock

 

A portion of the Company’s shares of common stock were issued under restricted stock purchase agreements. Under these agreements, in the event of a termination of an employee, the Company has the right to repurchase the common stock at the original issuance price of $0.001. The repurchase right expires over a 4-year period. A summary of our restricted stock awards is presented in the table below:

 

     Restricted Stock
Awards
    Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
   Weighted Average
Remaining
Recognition
Period (Years)

Outstanding at December 31, 2005

   336,577     $ 8.88    1.84
                 

Awards granted

   75,200       15.8   

Awards released

   (88,188 )     8.62   

Awards forfeited

   (22,103 )     10.74   
                 

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   301,486     $ 10.54    1.32
                 

Awards granted

           

Awards released

   (98,086 )     10.12   

Awards forfeited

   (27,861 )     9.99   
                 

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   175,539     $ 10.86    1.31
                 

Awards granted

           

Awards released

   (88,576 )     10.53   

Awards forfeited

   (16,586 )     9.62   
                 

Outstanding at December 31, 2008

   70,377     $ 11.55    0.48
                 

 

The Company also grants restricted stock units, which vest generally over two to four years as determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee, and are issued upon vesting. A summary of the restricted stock units is presented in the table below:

 

     Restricted Stock
Units
    Weighted Average
Grant Date Fair
Value
   Weighted Average
Remaining
Recognition
Period (Years)

Granted as of December 31, 2005

       $   
                 

Awards granted

   60,000       11.85   

Awards released

           

Awards forfeited

           
                 

Granted as of December 31, 2006

   60,000     $ 11.85    1.82
                 

Awards granted

   152,500       16.75   

Awards released

   (30,000 )     11.85   

Awards forfeited

           
                 

Total granted through December 31, 2007

   182,500     $ 15.37    1.91
                 

Awards granted

   311,627       18.48   

Awards released

   (96,125 )     15.39   

Awards forfeited

   (8,359 )     15.98   
                 

Total granted through December 31, 2008

   389,643     $ 18.11    2.72
                 

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The total fair value of restricted stock awards and units that vested and the compensation expense related to restricted stock awards and units was $3.0 million, $1.8 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The intrinsic value related to restricted stock awards and units released for the years ended 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $3.4 million, $2.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of restricted awards and units outstanding at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 were $5.8 million, $7.7 million and $4.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2008, unamortized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock awards and units was approximately $5.1 million with a weighted average remaining recognition period of 2.4 years.

 

In 2001, the Company sold restricted stock awards to an employee and accepted as payment a note receivable in the amount of $0.4 million, bearing interest at the rate of 5.9% annually. The note was classified as a stockholder note receivable in the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheet at December 31, 2005 and 2004 respectively. The note was repaid in full in March 2006.

 

2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

 

Under the 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the Purchase Plan), eligible employees may purchase common stock through payroll deductions. Participants may not purchase more than 2,000 shares in a six-month offering period or stock having a value greater than $25,000 in any calendar year as measured at the beginning of the offering period in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code and applicable Treasury Regulations. A total of 200,000 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under the Purchase Plan. The Purchase Plan provides for an automatic annual increase beginning on January 1, 2005 by an amount equal to the least of 1,000,000 shares; 2% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the first day of the year; or a number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, 125,207 shares, 180,148 shares and 172,037 shares, respectively, were issued under the Purchase Plan. The following is a summary of the Purchase Plan and changes during the year ended December 31, 2008:

 

Available Shares as of December 31, 2007

   1,497,217  

2008 Additions to Plan

   669,092  

2008 Purchases

   (125,207 )
      

Available Shares as of December 31, 2008

   2,041,102  
      

 

The Purchase Plan is considered compensatory under SFAS 123(R) and is accounted for in accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin 97-1 (“FTB 97-1”) Accounting under Statement 123 for Certain Employee Stock Purchase Plans with a Look-Back Option. The intrinsic value for stock purchased was $0.8 million, $1.2 million and $0.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The unamortized expense as of December 31, 2008 was $0.1 million, which will be recognized over 0.1 years. The Black-Scholes option pricing model was used to value the employee stock purchase rights. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the following assumptions were used in the valuation of the stock purchase rights:

 

     2008     2007     2006  

Expected term (years)

   0.5     0.5     0.5  

Expected volatility

   48.3 %   45.2 %   48.0 %

Risk-free interest rate

   2.0 %   5.1 %   5.1 %

Dividend yield

            

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Cash proceeds from employee stock purchases for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $1.8 million.

 

7. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

 

Basic net income (loss) per share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share is calculated using the treasury stock method and reflects the potential dilution that would occur if outstanding securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, the Company had securities outstanding, which could potentially dilute basic net income per share in the future, but were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share in the periods presented, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive. The following table shows the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of such outstanding securities:

 

     Year ended December 31,
     2008    2007    2006

Stock Options

   3,241,066    2,392,236    9,078,195

Restricted Stock

         361,486
              

Total

   3,241,066    2,392,236    9,439,681
              

 

8. Income Taxes

 

The components of income before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 are (in thousands):

 

     2008    2007     2006  

United States

   $ 5,540    $ (13,589 )   $ (468 )

International

     19,902      27,861       4,067  
                       

Consolidated

   $ 25,442    $ 14,272     $ 3,599  
                       

 

Federal income taxes have not been provided for the unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries totaling $43.1 million because such earnings are intended to be permanently reinvested.

 

The income tax provision consists of the following (in thousands):

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  

Current:

      

Federal

   $ (643 )   $ 431     $ 4,012  

State

     67       1       1  

Foreign

     1,082       271       91  

Deferred:

      

Federal

     (1,245 )     (3,551 )     (981 )

State

     (490 )     (1,701 )     334  

Foreign

     (47 )     (71 )      

Valuation allowance

     2,492       7,312       2,567  
                        

Income tax provision

   $ 1,216     $ 2,692     $ 6,024  
                        

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The effective tax rate differs from the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate as follows:

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  

U.S. statutory federal tax rate

   34.0 %   34.0 %   34.0 %

State taxes, net of federal benefit

   0.6     5.8     5.8  

Research and development credits

   (2.7 )   (15.2 )   (27.2 )

Stock compensation

   6.3     12.0     67.3  

Foreign income taxed at lower rates

   (35.7 )   (76.3 )   (42.5 )

Subpart F/Inventory transfer

   0.3     1.2     27.7  

Decrease of prior year FIN 48 liabilities

   (4.4 )        

Change in valuation allowance

   5.2     52.0     71.4  

Litigation reserves & Other

   1.2     5.3     30.9  
                  

Effective tax rate

   4.8 %   18.8 %   167.4 %
                  

 

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2008     2007  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Research tax credits

   $ 4,189     $ 3,076  

Stock compensation

     5,095       4,319  

Other costs not currently deductible

     4,636       5,387  

Depreciation and amortization

     530        
                

Total deferred tax assets

     14,450       12,782  

Valuation allowance

     (14,356 )     (11,934 )
                

Net deferred tax assets

     94       848  
                

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

           (46 )
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

           (46 )
                

Net deferred tax assets

   $ 94     $ 802  
                

 

As of December 31, 2008, the Company had research tax credit carryforwards of $6.5 million for federal income tax purposes, which begin to expire in 2021 and $5.7 million for state income tax purposes, which can be carried forward indefinitely.

 

On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—An interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 sets forth the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attributes for financial statement disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, the impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return must be recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized a cumulative adjustment in the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits in the amount of $0.9 million, which was accounted for as a reduction to the January 1, 2007 balance of retained earnings. At the adoption date of January 1, 2007, the Company had $5.3 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $4.8 million of which would affect its effective tax rate if recognized. At December 31, 2008, the Company had $8.6 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $4.8 million of which would affect its effective tax rate if recognized.

 

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

 

Balance at January 1, 2007

   $ 5,297  

Gross increases for tax positions of prior years

     113  

Gross increases for tax positions of current year

     2,500  
        

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 7,910  

Gross increases for tax positions of prior year

     96  

Gross increases for tax position of current year

     1,794  

Reductions for prior year tax positions

     (1,245 )

Reduction due to statutes expiring

     (2 )
        

Balance at December 31, 2008

   $ 8,553  
        

 

The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in its income tax provision. As of January 1, 2007, December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2008, the Company has approximately $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions.

 

Uncertain tax positions relate to the allocation of income and deductions among the Company’s global entities and to the determination of the research and experimental tax credit. The Company estimates that there will be no material changes in its uncertain tax positions in the next 12 months.

 

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions. Generally, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2004 because of the statute of limitations.

 

9. Commitments and Contingencies

 

The following table summarizes the Company’s commitments as of December 31, 2008 (in thousands).

 

     Payments by Period
     Total    2009    2010    2011    2012    2013    Thereafter

Operating leases

   $ 9,099    $ 1,261    $ 1,143    $ 1,062    $ 1,080    $ 1,123    $ 3,430

Outstanding purchase commitments

     10,256      10,256                         
                                                
   $ 19,355    $ 11,517    $ 1,143    $ 1,062    $ 1,080    $ 1,123    $ 3,430
                                                

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Lease Obligations

 

In December 2006, the Company relocated its corporate headquarters from Los Gatos, California to San Jose, California and wrote off the fair value of the Los Gatos lease in the amount of $1.3 million, of which $0.1 million was recorded in cost of revenue and $1.2 million was recorded in operating expenses. In May 2007, the Company entered into a sublease agreement to rent a portion of its Los Gatos property for a period of 21 months commencing on June 1, 2007 during which the Company is to receive gross payments of $0.7 million. As the amount the Company expects to receive is greater than the amount the Company originally estimated, the Company reduced the estimate of its remaining liability by $0.5 million in the second quarter of 2007. The Company leases its headquarters and sales offices in San Jose, California under a non-cancelable operating lease which expires in October 2016. In addition, the Company entered into a five-year lease arrangement in September 2004 for its manufacturing facility located in Chengdu, China, with an option to purchase the facility as discussed in the next section. The Company also leases its sales offices in Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. Certain of the Company’s facility leases provide for periodic rent increases. Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $1.1 million, $0.4 million (net of $0.5 million of benefit discussed above) and $2.5 million (including $1.3 million of lease write off discussed above), respectively.

 

Chengdu, China Commitment

 

In September 2004, the Company signed an agreement with a Chinese local authority to construct a facility in Chengdu, China, initially for the testing of its ICs. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company contributed capital in the form of cash, in-kind assets, and/or intellectual property, of at least $5.0 million to its wholly-owned Chinese subsidiary as the registered capital for the subsidiary and exercised the option to purchase land use rights for the facility of approximately $0.2 million. The Company also has the option to acquire the facility after a five-year lease term for the original construction cost less rents paid, which is currently estimated at $2.0 million, which option becomes exercisable in March 2011.

 

Warranty and Indemnification Provisions

 

The Company provides a standard one-year warranty against defects in materials and workmanship and will either repair the goods, provide replacements at no charge to the customer, or refund amounts for defective units. On occasion the Company permits the return of defective products outside the normal warranty period. In such cases, the Company accrues for the related costs at the time the decision to permit the return is made. Reserve requirements are recorded in the period of sale and are based on an assessment of the products sold with warranty and historical warranty costs incurred.

 

The changes in warranty reserves during 2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands):

 

     2008     2007     2006  

Balance at beginning of year

   $ 1,025     $ 1,038     $ 490  

Warranty costs

     (109 )     (243 )     (442 )

Reserve adjustments and unused warranty provision

     (724 )            

Warranty provision for product sales

     572       230       990  
                        

Balance at end of year

   $ 764     $ 1,025     $ 1,038  
                        

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The Company provides indemnification agreements to a supplier and certain direct or indirect customers. The Company agrees to reimburse these parties for any damages, costs and expenses incurred by them as a result of legal actions taken against them by third parties for infringing upon their intellectual property rights as a result of using the Company’s products and technologies. These indemnification provisions are varied in their scope and are subject to certain terms, conditions, limitations and exclusions. Such costs were $0.5 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. There were no indemnification costs in 2008. These costs are charged to operations as incurred. The Company also provides for indemnification of its directors and officers.

 

10. Litigation

 

O2Micro, Inc.

 

Since November 2000, the Company has been engaged in multiple legal proceedings involving patent infringement claims with O2Micro, Inc. and its parent corporation, O2Micro International Limited (referred to hereinafter as “O2Micro”). All of these claims relate to the Company’s cold cathode fluorescent lighting (CCFL) backlight inverter products.

 

In the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, O2Micro alleged that certain of the Company’s CCFL products infringe O2Micro’s ‘722 patent. On October 30, 2007, following the jury’s verdict, the Court entered judgment that all of the ‘722 patent claims asserted by O2Micro against the Company are invalid and denied all post-trial motions. Subsequently, O2Micro filed an appeal and the Company filed a cross-appeal, with the Federal Circuit. The appeals are currently pending.

 

On May 1, 2007, the Company filed for declaratory judgment relief in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against O2Micro that certain of the Company’s CCFL products do not infringe O2Micro’s ‘129 patent and that the ‘129 patent is invalid and unenforceable. On August 20, 2008, the parties filed a joint stipulation to a dismissal with prejudice of their respective claims for relief in which O2Micro covenants not to assert or reassert its ‘129 patent against the Company or its direct and indirect customers for infringement by the Company’s series of power inverter controller products.

 

On September 30, 2008, based on information and belief that O2Micro had alleged to the Company’s customer that certain of its inverter controller products infringe O2Micro’s patents, the Company filed for declaratory judgment relief in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against O2Micro that those products do not infringe O2Micro’s 6,856,519 (‘519) patent family. On February 11, 2009, O2Micro filed a counterclaim against the Company and its customers that certain of the Company’s inverter controller products infringe three patents in the ‘519 patent family and O2Micro’s 7,417,382 (‘382) patent.

 

On December 15, 2008, O2Micro filed a complaint with the International Trade Commission alleging the patent infringement of the ‘519 and ‘382 patents against certain of the Company’s products. This case is still in the early proceedings.

 

In addition to the U.S. litigation described above, O2Micro has brought various legal proceedings against the Company in Taiwan based upon a Taiwan patent. The Company previously posted cash bonds of approximately $7.9 million with the Taiwan Courts in support of its counter-injunctions and to prevent O2Micro from seizing the Company’s assets. In July 2008, the parties agreed to cease all

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

provisional remedial disputes against each other and allow the parties to retrieve the bonds posted. As a result of the agreement, the Company retrieved the bonds, totaling approximately $7.9 million, in the second half of 2008.

 

Taiwan Sumida Electronics

 

On July 30, 2007, the Company settled its litigation with TSE concerning the Indemnification Agreement. As of December 31, 2008, the Company had $7.4 million held in escrow for which the Company could be liable subject to the outcome of certain legal activities which are still pending in front of the Federal Circuit Court of Appeal.

 

Linear Technology Corporation

 

On July 1, 2008, the United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued a judgment as a matter of law that the Company did not breach its October 1, 2005 Settlement and License Agreement with Linear. The Company plans to seek recovery of its attorney fees and costs from Linear, pursuant to a prevailing party attorneys fees provision in the Settlement and License Agreement. However, there can be no assurance that the Company can be successful in obtaining such recovery.

 

The court also found as a matter of law that the Company did not willfully infringe the patent claims of U.S. Patent Numbers 5,481,178 and 6,580,258 asserted by Linear against MPS’ accused MP1543 product, which has been discontinued. However, the jury returned a verdict that an evaluation board containing the previously discontinued MP1543 product had directly infringed the asserted patent claims and that Linear’s patents mentioned above are valid. The parties had stipulated to a total of ten dollars in nominal patent infringement damages in the event that Linear prevailed in that dispute. The court has not issued a final judgment concerning the patent infringement and validity claims.

 

Chip Advanced Technology Inc.

 

On December 12, 2007, the Company filed a patent infringement lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California against Chip Advanced Technology Inc. (“CAT”), asserting that CAT willfully infringed a MPS patent that enables efficient low voltage, low current power conversions, such as DC-DC step down converters. In the complaint, MPS seeks unspecified damages and a court-ordered injunction against future infringement by CAT. Through this lawsuit, MPS intends to vigorously protect and enforce its intellectual property. On September 16, 2008, the Company amended its complaint to add trade secret misappropriation claims against CAT. As the case is in its early stages, the Company is not able to determine the outcome of the litigation.

 

11. Employee Benefits Plan

 

The Company sponsors a 401(k) savings and profit-sharing plan (“the Plan”) for all employees in the United States who meet certain eligibility requirements. Participants may contribute up to the amount allowable as a deduction for federal income tax purposes. The Company is not required to contribute and did not contribute to the Plan for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.

 

12. Major Customers

 

The following table summarizes the percentages of accounts receivable, net and corresponding revenue for those customers, with accounts receivable balances at year end that accounted for 10% or

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

more of total accounts receivable, net at the end of 2008 and 2007 or with sales that accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenue for each respective year:

 

     Revenue     Accounts
Receivable, Net
 

Customers

   Year ended
December 31,
    as of
December 31,
 
   2008     2007     2006     2008     2007  

A

   20 %   18 %   17 %   14 %   11 %

B

   10 %   15 %   14 %   *     21 %

C

   *     *     *     16 %   *  

 

* Represents less than 10% of accounts receivable, net or revenue

 

13. Segment Information

 

As defined by the requirements of SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, the Company operates in one reportable segment, the design, development, marketing and sale of high-performance, mixed-signal analog semiconductors for the computing, consumer electronics and communications markets. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer. The Company does not specifically allocate any of its resources to or measure the performance of, individual product families.

 

The Company derived a substantial majority of its revenue from sales to customers located outside North America during 2008, 2007 and 2006, with geographic revenue based on the customers’ ship-to location.

 

The following is a summary of revenue by geographic region based on customer ship-to location for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):

 

     Year ended December 31,

Country

   2008    2007    2006

China

   $ 72,402    $ 66,582    $ 49,754

Taiwan

     21,978      18,698      23,750

Korea

     25,747      15,917      11,915

Japan

     15,583      12,312      6,930

Europe

     12,918      9,229      7,093

USA

     4,330      3,612      3,965

Other

     7,553      7,654      1,608
                    

Total

   $ 160,511    $ 134,004    $ 105,015
                    

 

The following is a summary of net revenue by product type for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):

 

     Year ended December 31,  
     2008     2007     2006  

Product Family

   Amount   % of Revenue     Amount    % of Revenue     Amount    % of Revenue  

DC to DC Converters

   $ 115,373   71.9 %   $ 86,701    64.7 %   $ 71,715    68.3 %

LCD Backlight Inverters

     32,308   20.1 %     35,713    26.7 %     29,201    27.8 %

Audio Amplifiers

     12,830   8.0 %     11,590    8.6 %     4,099    3.9 %
                                      

Total

   $ 160,511   100.0 %   $ 134,004    100.0 %   $ 105,015    100.0 %
                                      

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

The following is a summary of long-lived assets by geographic region, excluding restricted assets, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):

 

     December 31,
     2008    2007

China

   $ 10,470    $ 10,598

United States

     3,646      3,635

Taiwan

     103      105

Japan

     31      26

Other

     41      55
             

Total

   $ 14,291    $ 14,419
             

 

14. Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

The Company had the following activity in its accounts receivable allowances (in thousands):

 

     Accounts
Receivable
Allowances
 

Balance, December 31, 2005

   $ 227  
        

Balance, December 31, 2006

     227  
        

Balance, December 31, 2007

     227  

Deductions

     (227 )
        

Balance, December 31, 2008

   $  
        

 

15. Stock Repurchase Program

 

On February 5, 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $25.0 million of its common stock through the end of 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the following shares have been repurchased through the open market and subsequently retired:

 

2008 Calendar Year

   Shares Repurchased    Average Price per Share    Value (in thousands)

February

   27,500    $ 16.88    $ 464

March

   527,332    $ 17.12    $ 9,028

April

   201,863    $ 20.03    $ 4,043

May

   100    $ 21.98    $ 2

June

   18,000    $ 21.66    $ 390

July

   14,155    $ 21.86    $ 309

August

   100    $ 22.03    $ 2

September

   307,355    $ 18.82    $ 5,784

October

   333,700    $ 15.05    $ 5,021
              

Total Shares Repurchased

   1,430,105       $ 25,043
              

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

16. Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,
2008
    June 30,
2008
    September 30,
2008
    December 31,
2008
 
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Revenue

   $ 35,409     $ 41,502     $ 48,891     $ 34,709  

Cost of revenue*

     13,044       15,375       18,201       14,564  
                                

Gross profit

     22,365       26,127       30,690       20,145  

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development*

     7,572       8,602       9,420       9,256  

Selling, general and administrative*

     8,728       8,912       9,560       8,056  

Provision for litigation expense

     736       4,294       1,090       594  
                                

Total operating expenses

     17,036       21,808       20,070       17,906  
                                

Income from operations

     5,329       4,319       10,620       2,239  

Other income (expense):

                        

Interest and other income

     1,434       810       684       659  

Interest and other expense

     (6 )     (112 )     (389 )     (145 )
                                

Total other income, net

     1,428       698       295       514  
                                

Income before income taxes

     6,757       5,017       10,915       2,753  

Income tax provision (benefit)

     822       417       458       (481 )
                                

Net income

   $ 5,935     $ 4,600     $ 10,457     $ 3,234  
                                

Basic net income per share

   $ 0.18     $ 0.14     $ 0.31     $ 0.10  
                                

Diluted net income per share

   $ 0.17     $ 0.13     $ 0.29     $ 0.09  
                                

Weighted average common shares Outstanding

     33,340       33,229       33,869       33,587  

Stock options and restricted stock

     2,551       3,003       2,733       1,599  
                                

Diluted weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding

     35,891       36,232       36,602       35,186  
                                

 

        

*          Stock-based compensation has been included in the following line items:

        

  Cost of revenue

   $ 45     $ 128     $ 76     $ 95  

  Research and development

     1,207       1,396       1,471       1,747  

  Selling, general and administrative

     1,535       1,819       1,787       1,852  
                                

Total

   $ 2,787     $ 3,343     $ 3,334     $ 3,694  
                                

 

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MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     Three months ended  
     March 31,
2007
    June 30,
2007
    September 30,
2007
   December 31,
2007
 
     (in thousands, except per share amounts)  

Revenue

   $ 24,496     $ 30,833     $ 40,188    $ 38,487  

Cost of revenue*

     8,963       11,248       14,662      13,908  
                               

Gross profit

     15,533       19,585       25,526      24,579  

Operating expenses:

         

Research and development*

     5,932       6,428       7,489      7,493  

Selling, general and administrative*

     6,197       7,119       8,071      8,150  

Lease abandonment

           (496 )           

Patent litigation settlement

           9,800             

Provision for litigation

     2,847       4,028       1,452      1,043  
                               

Total operating expenses

     14,976       26,879       17,012      16,686  
                               

Income (loss) from operations

     557       (7,294 )     8,514      7,893  

Other income (expense):

         

Interest and other income

     1,007       1,169       1,223      1,342  

Interest and other expense

     (7 )     (22 )     8      (118 )
                               

Total other income, net

     1,000       1,147       1,231      1,224  
                               

Income (loss) before income taxes

     1,557       (6,147 )     9,745      9,117  

Income tax provision (benefit)

     1,886       219       752      (165 )
                               

Net income (loss)

   $ (329 )   $ (6,366 )   $ 8,993    $ 9,282  
                               

Basic net income (loss) per share

   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.20 )   $ 0.28    $ 0.28  
                               

Diluted net income (loss) per share

   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.20 )   $ 0.25    $ 0.26  
                               

Weighted average common shares outstanding

     30,482       31,382       31,995      32,919  

Stock options and restricted stock

                 3,958      3,216  
                               

Diluted weighted-average common equivalent shares outstanding

     30,482       31,382       35,953      36,135  
                               

 

         

*          Stock-based compensation has been included in the following line items:

         

  Cost of revenue

   $ 111     $ 113     $ 149    $ 166  

  Research and development

     1,101       952       1,326      1,246  

  Selling, general and administrative

     1,108       1,440       1,748      1,768  
                               

Total

   $ 2,320     $ 2,505     $ 3,223    $ 3,180  
                               

 

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

 

None

 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

 

Based on our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at December 31, 2008 and provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

 

Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

 

A deficiency in internal control over financial reporting exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. A deficiency in design exists when (a) a control necessary to meet the control objective is missing or (b) an existing control is not properly

 

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designed so that, even if the control operates as designed, the control objective would not be met. A deficiency in operation exists when a properly designed control does not operate as designed, or when the person performing the control does not possess the necessary authority or competence to perform the control effectively. A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those responsible for oversight of the company’s financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

 

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In performing this assessment, management used the criteria established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—An Integrated Framework. Based upon this assessment, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting was effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.

 

Our independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, which audited the consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report, included elsewhere herein, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

 

While our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance that their respective objectives will be met, we do not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting are or will be capable of preventing or detecting all errors and all fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls can also be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

 

None

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

 

Reference is made to the information regarding directors and nominees, code of ethics, corporate governance matters and disclosure relating to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 appearing under the captions “Election of Directors” and “Compliance with Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 21, 2009, which information is incorporated in this Form 10-K by reference. Information regarding executive officers is set forth under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this Form 10-K.

 

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

 

The information required by this item is set forth under “Executive Officer Compensation” in our Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

The information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

 

The information required by this item is set forth under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Election of Directors” in our Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

 

The information required by this item is set forth under the caption “Accounting Fees” in our Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and is incorporated herein by reference.

 

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PART IV

 

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.

 

(a) Documents filed as part of this report

 

(1) All financial statements

 

Index to Financial Statements

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

(2) Schedules

 

All schedules have been omitted because the required information is not present or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedules, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

(3) Exhibits

 

The exhibits listed on the accompanying index to exhibits in Item 15(b) below are filed as part of, or hereby incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-K.

 

(b) Exhibits

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description

  3.1(1)       

Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.

  3.2(2)       

Amended and Restated Bylaws.

10.1+(3)     

Registrant’s 1998 Stock Plan and form of option agreement.

10.2+     

Registrant’s Amended 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and form of option agreement.

10.3+(4)     

Registrant’s 2004 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and form of subscription agreement.

10.4+(5)     

Form of Directors’ and Officers’ Indemnification Agreement.

10.5†(6)     

Foundry Agreement between the Registrant and Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Corp. of Shanghai, dated August 14, 2001.

10.6(7)     

Office Lease, First Amendment to Office Lease, and Second Amendment to Office Lease between the Registrant and Boccardo Corporation, dated May 6, 2002, October 30, 2003, and May 6, 2004, respectively.

10.7+(8)     

Employment Agreement with Michael Hsing and Amendment thereof.

10.8+(9)     

Employment Agreement with Maurice Sciammas and Amendment thereof.

10.9+(10)       

Employment Agreement with Jim Moyer.

10.10+(11)   

Employment Agreement with Deming Xiao and Amendment thereof.

10.11+(12)   

Employment Agreement with Paul Ueunten and Amendment thereof.

10.12(13)     

Distribution Agreement with Asian Information Technology Inc. Ltd., dated March 1, 2004.

 

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Exhibit
Number

  

Description

10.13(14)     

Business Purchase Agreement with Uppertech Hong Kong Ltd., dated March 1, 2004.

10.14†(15)   

Investment and Cooperation Contract, dated August 19, 2004.

10.15†(16)   

Patent License Agreement, dated May 1, 2004.

10.16†(17)   

Settlement Agreement with Linear Technology Corporation.

10.17+(18)   

Employment Agreement with C. Richard Neely, Jr. and Amendment thereof

10.18(19)   

Settlement Agreement with Microsemi Corporation.

10.19(20)   

Settlement Agreement with Micrel Corporation.

10.20+(21)   

Employment Agreement with Adriana Chiocchi and Amendment thereof.

10.21+(22)   

Form of Performance Unit Agreement.

10.22(23)   

Sublease Agreement between the Registrant and FedEx Freight West, Inc. and Brokaw Interests dated June 13, 2006.

10.23+(24)   

Letter Agreement with Victor Lee.

10.25(25)   

Judgment on Appeal by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in the litigation between O2Micro International Limited v. Monolithic Power Systems, Inc., Nos. CV-00-4071 and CV-01-3995 (N.D. Cal.), on appeal as Nos. 2006-1338 and -1377 (Fed. Cir.).

10.26(26)   

Sublease Agreement between the Registrant and Anchor Bay Technologies for the property located at 983 University Avenue, Building A, Los Gatos, CA 95032 dated May 14, 2007.

10.27+(27)   

Letter Agreement with Douglas McBurnie.

10.28+(28)   

Letter Agreement with Karen A. Smith Bogart.

10.29(29)   

Order issued on 6/25/07 in response to the summary judgment motions of both parties in the Monolithic Power Systems, Inc. v. Taiwan Sumida Electronics, Inc. case.

10.30(30)   

Settlement Agreement with Taiwan Sumida Electronics.

10.31+(31)   

Registrant’s Employee Bonus Plan, as amended effective March 6, 2008.

10.32(33)   

Lease Agreement between the Registrant and Brokaw Interests, dated October 23, 2008

10.33(34)   

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement

14.1(32)   

Code of Ethics.

21.1   

Subsidiaries of Monolithic Power Systems, Inc.

23.1   

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

24.1   

Power of Attorney (included on Signature page to this Form 10-K).

31.01   

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.02   

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.01*   

Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

+ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

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Confidential treatment requested for portions of this agreement, which portions have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission
* This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language in any filings.
(1) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(2) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(3) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004 and to exhibits 9.01(c)(1) and (2) to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 2004.
(4) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(6) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(7) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(8) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.
(9) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.3 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.
(10) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(11) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.4 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.
(12) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.6 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.

 

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(13) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(14) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(15) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(16) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Registrant’s Form S-1 Registration Statement (Registration No. 333-117327), declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 18, 2004.
(17) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2006.
(18) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.
(19) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of the Registrant’s annual report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 28, 2006.
(20) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 22, 2006.
(21) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008 and Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2008.
(22) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 1, 2006.
(23) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 16, 2006.
(24) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 14, 2006.
(25) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 11, 2007.
(26) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 17, 2007
(27) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 25, 2007
(28) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 25, 2007
(29) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2007
(30) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Registrant’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 1, 2007.
(31) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of the Registrant’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 11, 2008.
(32) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 of the Registrant’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 16, 2007.
(33) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 24, 2008.
(34) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 15, 2008.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

MONOLITHIC POWER SYSTEMS, INC.

By:

 

/s/    MICHAEL R. HSING

 

Michael R. Hsing

President and Chief Executive Officer

 

Date: February 27, 2009

 

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael R. Hsing and C. Richard Neely, Jr., and each of them, as his true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and re-substitution, for him and in his name, place, and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming that all said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their or his substitute or substituted, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on February 27, 2009 by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated:

 

/s/    MICHAEL R. HSING      

Michael R. Hsing

  

President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/    C. RICHARD NEELY, JR.      

C. Richard Neely, Jr.

  

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)

/s/    KAREN A. SMITH BOGART      

Karen A. Smith Bogart

  

Director

/s/    HERBERT CHANG      

Herbert Chang

  

Director

/s/    ALAN EARHART      

Alan Earhart

  

Director

/s/    VICTOR K. LEE      

Victor K. Lee

  

Director

/s/    DOUGLAS MCBURNIE      

Douglas McBurnie

  

Director

/s/    JAMES C. MOYER      

James C. Moyer

  

Director

/s/    UMESH PADVAL      

Umesh Padval

  

Director

 

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