Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission File Number: 001-15251

 

 

LABRANCHE & CO INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   13-4064735

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

33 Whitehall Street, New York, New York 10004

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(212) 425-1144

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  ¨                                             Accelerated filer  x

Non-accelerated filer  ¨    (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of May 8, 2008 was 61,993,216.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION

   3
 

Item 1. Financial Statements.

   3
   

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

   3
   

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

   4
   

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

   5
   

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   6
   

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

   7
 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

   21
 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

   44
 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

   51

PART II OTHER INFORMATION

   52
   

SIGNATURES

   54

 

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Table of Contents

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements.

LaBRANCHE & CO INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(000’s omitted except per share data)

 

      For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2008     2007  
     (unaudited)     (unaudited)  

REVENUES:

    

Net gain on principal transactions

   $ 60,044     $ 48,919  

Commissions and other fees

     10,010       12,761  

Net loss on investments

     (81,290 )     (4,856 )

Interest income

     29,925       64,657  

Other

     293       124  
                

Total revenues

     18,982       121,605  

Interest expense (of which $10,862 and $13,146 is related to fixed debt in 2008 and 2007, respectively)

     41,675       83,724  
                

Total revenues, net of interest expense

     (22,693 )     37,881  

EXPENSES:

    

Employee compensation and related benefits

     28,530       24,122  

Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees

     10,658       9,054  

Lease of exchange memberships and trading license fees

     427       682  

Depreciation and amortization

     890       3,511  

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

     886       —    

Other

     7,348       9,506  
                

Total expenses

     48,739       46,875  
                

Loss before benefit for income taxes

     (71,432 )     (8,994 )

BENEFIT FOR INCOME TAXES

     (31,195 )     (3,439 )
                

Net loss

   $ (40,237 )   $ (5,555 )
                

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

    

Basic

     61,854       61,269  

Diluted

     61,854       61,269  

Loss per share:

    

Basic

   $ (0.65 )   $ (0.09 )

Diluted

   $ (0.65 )   $ (0.09 )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(000’s omitted except per share data)

 

      As of  
      March 31,
2008
    December 31,
2007
 
ASSETS    (unaudited)     (audited)  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 457,816       504,654  

Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations

     1,286       1,573  

Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

     353,142       343,729  

Financial instruments owned, at fair value

     3,096,549       4,267,395  

Commissions and other fees receivable

     14       23  

Exchange memberships owned, at adjusted cost (market value of $7,327 and $7,790, respectively)

     1,315       1,315  

Office equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization of $11,751 and $10,990, respectively

     17,392       17,652  

Intangible assets:

    

Trade name

     25,011       25,011  

Goodwill

     84,218       84,218  

Deferred tax assets

     40,104       45,145  

Income tax receivable

     12,545       11,802  

Other assets

     36,721       41,219  
                

Total assets

   $ 4,126,113     $ 5,343,736  
                
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY     

Liabilities:

    

Payable to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

   $ 108,682     $ 104,759  

Payable to customers

     36       93  

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value

     2,990,924       4,062,995  

Accrued compensation

     19,381       16,729  

Accounts payable and other accrued expenses

     41,617       36,980  

Other liabilities

     11,644       12,583  

Deferred tax liabilities

     80,987       116,169  

Short term debt

     173,813       5,700  

Long term debt

     209,888       459,811  
                

Total liabilities

     3,636,972       4,815,819  
                

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders equity:

    

Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 61,993,216 and 61,490,638 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively

     620       615  

Additional paid-in capital

     699,372       699,099  

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

     194       (989 )

Retained deficit

     (211,045 )     (170,808 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     489,141       527,917  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 4,126,113     $ 5,343,736  
                

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(000’s omitted)

 

      Common Stock    Additional    Retained
(Deficit)
    Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
       
   Shares    Amount    Paid-in Capital    Earnings     (Loss)/Income     Total  

BALANCE, December 31, 2006

   60,734    $ 607    $ 694,434    $ 179,666     —       874,707  
                                       

Net loss

   —        —        —        (350,474 )   —       (350,474 )

Other comprehensive income:

               

Cumulative translation adjustment, net of taxes

   —        —        —        —       (989 )   (989 )
                   

Comprehensive income

                (351,463 )
                   

Issuance of restricted stock, shares for option exercises and related compensation, including excess tax benefit of $99 thousand

   757      8      4,665      —       —       4,673  
                                       

BALANCE, December 31, 2007

   61,491    $ 615    $ 699,099    $ (170,808 )   (989 )   527,917  
                                       

Net loss

   —        —        —        (40,237 )   —       (40,237 )

Other comprehensive income:

               

Cumulative translation adjustment, net of taxes

   —        —        —        —       1,183     1,183  
                   

Comprehensive income

                (39,054 )
                   

Issuance of restricted stock, shares for option exercises and related compensation

   502      5      273      —       —       278  
                                       

BALANCE, March 31, 2008

   61,993    $ 620    $ 699,372    $ (211,045 )   194     489,141  
                                       

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

(000’s omitted)

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
     2008     2007  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

    

Net loss

   $ (40,237 )   $ (5,555 )

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:

    

Depreciation and amortization

     890       3,511  

Amortization of debt issuance costs and bond discount

     749       503  

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

     886       —    

Stock-based compensation expense

     1,074       1,669  

Deferred tax benefit

     (30,141 )     (5,702 )

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Cash and securities segregated under federal regulations

     287       (8,453 )

Securities purchased under agreements to resell

     —         (30,000 )

Receivable from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations

     (9,413 )     (8,718 )

Receivable from customers

     —         117  

Financial instruments owned, at fair value

     1,170,846       (627,567 )

Commissions and other fees receivable

     9       3,153  

Income tax receivable

     (743 )     —    

Other assets

     4,088       1,683  

Payable to brokers and dealers

     3,923       296,370  

Payable to customers

     (57 )     5,748  

Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value

     (1,072,071 )     320,262  

Accrued compensation

     2,652       (3,820 )

Accounts payable and other accrued expenses

     4,637       4,831  

Other liabilities

     (939 )     121  

Tax effect from vesting of stock based compensation

     (796 )     (99 )
                

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     35,644       (51,946 )
                

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

    

Payments for purchases of office equipment and leasehold improvements

     (631 )     (1,480 )

Payments for purchases of exchange memberships

     —         (1 )
                

Net cash used in investing activities

     (631 )     (1,481 )
                

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

    

Principal payments of subordinated debt

     —         (695 )

Principal payments of short term debt

     (1,000 )     —    

Early extinguishment of long term debt

     (80,810 )     (13,642 )

Tax benefit from vesting of stock based compensation

     —         99  
                

Net cash used in financing activities

     (81,810 )     (14,238 )
                

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

     (41 )     —    

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents

   $ (46,838 )   $ (67,665 )

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period

     504,654       557,352  
                

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period

   $ 457,816     $ 489,687  
                

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH PAID DURING THE PERIOD FOR:

    

Interest

   $ 32,251     $ 72,960  

Income taxes

   $ 112     $ 2,161  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

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LaBRANCHE & CO INC. and SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

 

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of LaBranche & Co Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Holding Company”), and its subsidiaries, LaBranche & Co. LLC, a New York limited liability company, LaBranche Financial Services, LLC, a New York limited liability company (“LFS”), LaBranche Structured Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“LSHI”), LABDR Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“LABDR”), and LaBranche & Co. B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company (“BV”). The Holding Company is the sole member of LaBranche & Co. LLC and LFS, the 100% stockholder of LSHI and LABDR and the sole owner of BV. LSHI is a holding company that is the sole member of LaBranche Structured Products, LLC, a New York limited liability company (“LSP”), and LaBranche Structured Products Specialists LLC, a New York limited liability company (“LSPS”), the 100% owner of LaBranche Structured Products Europe Limited, a United Kingdom single member private company (“LSPE”), and LaBranche Structured Products Hong Kong Limited, a Hong Kong single member private company (“LSPH”), and the sole stockholder of LaBranche Structured Products Direct, Inc., a New York corporation (“LSPD” and collectively with the Holding Company, LaBranche & Co. LLC, LFS, LSHI, LABDR, BV, LSP, LSPS, LSPE, LSPD and LSPH, the “Company”).

LaBranche & Co. LLC is a registered broker-dealer that operates primarily as a specialist in equity securities and rights listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). LFS is a registered broker-dealer and a member of the NYSE and other exchanges and primarily provides securities execution and brokerage services to institutional investors. LFS also provides direct-access brokerage services to institutional customers. LSP is a registered broker-dealer that operates as a specialist in options, futures and Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”) on several exchanges, and as a market-marker in options, ETFs and futures on several exchanges. LSPS is inactive since October 31, 2007. LSPE operates as a market-maker for ETFs traded on the London Stock Exchange and the Euroex and Euronext exchanges, and is registered as a broker-dealer with the United Kingdom’s Financial Services Authority. LSPH is registered as a market-maker for ETFs in Hong Kong and is registered as a broker-dealer with Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission. LSPD is a registered broker-dealer and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) member firm that was acquired by LSHI in April 2006 and is primarily an institutional execution firm in equities and structured products. LABDR is an investment company with a minority ownership in a New Jersey aviation partnership. BV represented LaBranche & Co. LLC in European markets and provided client services to LaBranche & Co. LLC’s European listed companies until June 30, 2007, when it ceased operations.

 

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2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all demand deposits held in banks, highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less and currency positions that are being held in the prime brokerage account at the Company’s clearing broker for its specialist and market-making operations. Certain portions of these balances are used to meet regulatory requirements (see Note 5).

Use of Estimates

The use of generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions. In addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair value measurements and the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the use of estimates and assumptions is also important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation and regulatory proceedings and tax audits.

A substantial portion of our compensation and benefits represents discretionary bonuses, which are determined at year end. We believe the most appropriate way to allocate estimated annual discretionary bonuses among interim periods is in proportion to the net revenues earned in such periods. In addition to the level of net revenues, our overall compensation expense in any given year is also influenced by, among other factors, prevailing labor markets, business mix and the structure of our share-based compensation programs.

Adoption of SFAS 157 “Fair Value Measurements”

The Company adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS 157), as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 defines fair value, expands disclosure requirements around fair value and specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions (see Note 11).

 

3. INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information as of March 31, 2008 and for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 is presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial information. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial information as of March 31, 2008 should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto as of December 31, 2007 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 filed with the Securities

 

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and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 17, 2008 (the “2007 10-K”). Results of the first quarter 2008 interim period are not necessarily indicative of results to be obtained for the full fiscal year.

 

4. INCOME TAXES

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”). SFAS No. 109 requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses based on the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities primarily relate to tax basis differences on unrealized gains on corporate equities, not readily marketable, stock-based compensation, other compensation accruals, amortization periods of certain intangible assets and differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets acquired.

The components of the provision for income taxes reflected on the condensed consolidated statements of operations are set forth below (000’s omitted):

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
     2008     2007  

Current federal, state, and local taxes

   $ (2,722 )   $ 2,263  

Current foreign taxes

     1,668       —    

Deferred tax provision (benefit)

     (30,141 )     (5,702 )
                

Total (benefit) provision for income taxes

   $ (31,195 )   $ (3,439 )
                

The foreign taxes represent taxes payable to the United Kingdom for LSPE our single member private equity company in the UK that is a controlled foreign corporation.

 

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5. CAPITAL AND NET LIQUID ASSET REQUIREMENTS

LaBranche & Co. LLC, as a specialist and member of the NYSE, is subject to the provisions of SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC, NYSE. LaBranche & Co. LLC is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined.

As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 15c3-1, was $90.0 million and $306.8 million, respectively, which exceeded the minimum requirements by $89.6 million and $306.4 million, respectively. LaBranche & Co. LLC’s aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was .05 to 1 and .02 to 1, respectively.

The NYSE generally requires its specialist firms to maintain a minimum dollar regulatory capital amount in order to establish that they can meet, with their own Net Liquid Assets (“NLA”), their position requirement. As of March 31, 2008 LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NYSE minimum required dollar amount of NLA, as defined, was $72.3 million and its actual NLA, as defined, was $88.8 million. As of December 31, 2007, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NYSE minimum required dollar amount of NLA, as defined was $276.2 million, and LaBranche & Co. LLC’s actual NLA, as defined was $300.1 million. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s actual NLA exceeded the NLA requirement, thus satisfying its NLA requirement as of each of those dates. LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 included approximately $51.3 million and $74.7 million, respectively, in NYX shares (after the risk-based haircuts required to be taken in connection with those securities).

 

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The minimum required dollar amount of NLA fluctuates daily and is computed by adding two components. The first component is equal to $0.25 million for each one tenth of one percent (.1%) of the aggregate NYSE transaction dollar volume in a cash equities specialist organization’s allocated securities, as adjusted at the beginning of each month based on the prior month transaction dollar volume. Prior to February 8, 2008 the first component was equal to $1.0 million for each one tenth of one percent (.1%). The second component is calculated either by multiplying the average haircuts on a specialist organization’s proprietary positions over the most recent twenty days by three, or by using an NYSE-approved value at risk (“VAR”) model. Based on this two part calculation, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA requirement could increase or decrease in future periods based on its own trading activity and all other specialists’ trading as a respective percentage of overall NYSE transaction dollar volume. In February 2008, pursuant to the SEC approved reduction in the NLA requirement LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA requirement was reduced by approximately $205.0 million. The majority of the amended NLA requirement can be met by the NYX shares held by LaBranche & Co. LLC. The amended NLA requirements enabled LaBranche & Co. LLC to make a dividend distribution of $200.0 million to LaBranche & Co Inc. with approximately $28.0 million in cash and other liquid assets left at LaBranche & Co. LLC as over and above the NYX shares used to meet its continuing NLA requirements. This $28.0 million includes a cushion over and above the required NLA to account for potential fluctuations in LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA requirement as described above.

As a registered broker-dealer and member firm of the NYSE, LFS is also subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE. Under the alternative method permitted by this rule, the minimum required net capital is equal to the greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LFS’ net capital, as defined, was $34.9 million and $16.6 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $33.9 million and $15.6 million, respectively. In February 2008, the Company contributed an additional $20.0 million in capital to LFS in order to enable LFS to conduct increased trading activities. A portion of the net capital at LFS is met with the value of the NYX shares held by that broker/dealer.

As a registered broker-dealer and AMEX member firm, LSP is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the AMEX. LSP is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or  1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSP’s net capital, as defined, was $101.5 million and $62.6 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $99.8 million and $60.9 million, respectively. LSP’s aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was .25 to 1 and .41 to 1, respectively.

As a registered broker-dealer and AMEX and FINRA member firm, LSPD is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC, AMEX and FINRA. LSPD is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $5,000 or  1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSPD’s net capital, as defined, was $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively.

 

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As a registered broker dealer, LSPE is subject to the capital adequacy and capital resources as managed and monitored in accordance with the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”). In calculating regulatory capital, the Company’s capital consists wholly of Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital is the core measure of a Company’s financial strength from a regulator’s point of view. It consists of the type of financial capital considered the most reliable and liquid, primarily Shareholder’s Equity. As of March 31, 2008 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $29.6 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $11.5 million. At December 31, 2007 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $14.2 million which resulted in a deficit of $1.2 million. The December 31, 2007 calculation did not include accumulated profits for the year ended December 31, 2007 which was in excess of the deficit. With those results now audited they can be included in Tier 1 regulatory capital. In addition, the Company had injected an additional $9.9 million of share capital in January 2008 further enhancing regulatory capital.

As a licensed corporation registered under the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance, LSPH is also subject to the capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rules (“FRR”). The minimum paid-up share capital requirement is HKD 5,000,000 ($0.6 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007) and the minimum liquid capital requirement is the higher of HKD 3,000,000 ($0.4 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007) and the variable required liquid capital as defined in the FRR. The company monitors its compliance with the requirements of the FRR on a daily basis. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSPH’s liquid capital, as defined was $0.5 and $0.7 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $0.1 and $0.3 million, respectively.

 

6. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computations of basic and diluted earnings per share are set forth below (000’s omitted, except per share data):

 

      Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
     2008     2007  

Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share – net income available to common stockholders

   $ (40,237 )   $ (5,555 )

Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

     61,854       61,269  

Dilutive shares:

    

Stock options

     —         —    

Restricted stock units

     —         —    
                

Denominator for diluted earnings per share – weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

     61,854       61,269  

Earnings per share:

    

Basic

   $ (0.65 )   $ (0.09 )

Diluted

   $ (0.65 )   $ (0.09 )

 

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Options to purchase an aggregate of 1,165,000 and 1,439,389 shares of common stock were outstanding at March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the options’ exercise prices were greater than the market price of the Company’s common stock. For the 2008 and 2007 first quarters, respectively, 595,244 and 957,109 potentially dilutive shares from restricted stock units were not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive.

 

7. EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS

SFAS No. 123(R) requires compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions to be recognized in the financial statements over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award.

The following disclosures are also being provided pursuant to the requirements of SFAS No. 123(R):

The Company sponsors one share-based employee incentive plan – the LaBranche & Co Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which provides for grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted shares of common stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted shares and stock appreciation rights. The fair value of the restricted stock awards is determined by using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the respective dates on which the awards are granted. Grant date is determined to be the date the compensation committee of the Board of Directors approves the grant, except in circumstances where the approval by the compensation committee is contingent upon a future event, such as the negotiation and execution of an employment agreement, in which case the grant date is the date is the date the condition is satisfied. Amortization of compensation costs for grants awarded under the Plan recognized during the quarters ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 was approximately $1.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The tax benefit realized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Plan was approximately $428,000 and $740,000 for the quarters ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, before any offsetting tax detriments due to the lower vesting price in the current period.

Unrecognized compensation cost related to the Company’s non-vested stock option and restricted stock unit awards totaled $3.0 million at March 31, 2008 and $4.9 million at December 31, 2007. The cost of these non-vested awards is generally expected to be recognized over period of approximately three years.

SFAS No. 123(R) generally requires share-based awards granted to retirement-eligible employees to be expensed immediately. The Company did not grant any share-based awards prior to our adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) to retirement-eligible employees or those with non-substantive non-compete agreements. In addition, no grants of any stock options or RSUs were changed or amended after the Company’s adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) to reflect retirement eligibility or non-compete agreements.

 

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The total number of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be issued under the Plan through fiscal 2009 may not exceed 7,687,500 shares. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, 3,154,372 shares and 3,187,613 shares, respectively, were available for grant under the Plan.

Restricted Stock Units

All of the RSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2008 and 2007 require future service as a condition to the delivery of the underlying shares of common stock. In all cases, delivery of the underlying shares of common stock is conditioned on the grantees’ satisfying certain requirements outlined in the agreements. Generally, the RSUs become fully vested if the grantee’s employment with the Company terminates by reason of death or disability prior to vesting. The grantee forfeits the unvested portion of the RSUs upon the termination of employment for any reason other than death or disability. When delivering the underlying shares of stock to employees, the Company generally issues new shares of common stock, as opposed to reissuing treasury shares.

The following table provides information about grants of RSUs:

 

     Number of Shares     Weighted
Average Price

per Share

RSUs Outstanding as of December 31, 2007

   1,083,484     $ 9.44

Granted

   —         —  

Vested

   (444,340 )     9.12

Forfeited

   (24,997 )     9.12
            

RSUs Outstanding as of March 31, 2008

   614,147     $ 9.68
            

Under SFAS No. 123(R), the Company is required to estimate forfeitures of RSUs for purposes of determining the Company’s share-based award expense. Applying SFAS No. 123(R) as of March 31, 2008, for purposes of determining share-based award expense, RSUs with respect to 697,275 shares of the Company’s common stock were expected to vest based on the original shares issued of 2,701,500, with a weighted average price of $9.68 per share.

Stock Options

As of March 31, 2008, all stock options granted to employees were fully vested and exercisable. In general, all stock options expire on the tenth anniversary of grant, although they may be subject to earlier termination or cancellation in certain circumstances under the Plan and the stock option agreement, such as death, disability or other termination of employment prior to the tenth anniversary of grant. The dilutive effect, if any, of the Company’s outstanding stock options is included in “Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted” on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

The following table provides information about options to purchase the Company’s common stock:

 

      Number of Shares    Weighted
Average Exercise
Price per Share

Options Outstanding as of December 31, 2007

   1,165,000    $ 23.77

Options Granted

   —        —  

Options Exercised

   —        —  

Options Forfeited

   —        —  
           

Options Outstanding as of March 31, 2008

   1,165,000    $ 23.77
           

Options Exercisable as of:

     

March 31, 2008

   1,165,000    $ 23.77

 

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The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of March 31, 2008:

 

      Options Outstanding    Options Exercisable

Range of Exercise Prices

   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share
   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
per Share

$11.00 – $20.99

   600,000    1.39    $ 14.00    600,000    $ 14.00

21.00 – 30.99

   75,000    4.57      27.50    75,000      27.50

$31.00 – $40.99

   490,000    3.77    $ 35.15    490,000    $ 35.15
                  
   1,165,000          1,165,000   
                  

No options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2008 and March 31, 2007.

 

8. BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Segment information is presented in accordance with SFAS No. 131, “Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information.” The Company’s business segments are based upon the nature of the financial services provided, their revenue source and the Company’s management organization.

The Company’s Specialist and Market-Making segment operates as a specialist in equities, ETFs and rights listed on the NYSE, as a specialist in equities, options, ETFs and futures on several exchanges as well as a market-maker in ETFs, futures and options on several exchanges. The Specialist and Market-Making segment currently includes the operations of LaBranche & Co. LLC, LSP, LSPE, LSPH, LSPD and LSPS.

The Company’s Institutional Brokerage segment (formerly called the Execution and Clearing segment) provides mainly securities execution and brokerage services to institutional investors, and currently includes the operations of LFS. Until June 8, 2007, the Institutional Brokerage segment also provided securities clearing services to its own customers and customers of introducing brokers.

 

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The Company’s Other segment is comprised primarily of the interest on the Holding Company’s indebtedness, unallocated corporate administrative expenses, including professional and legal costs, unallocated revenues (primarily interest income) and elimination entries. This section also includes the investment entity, LABDR, and the inactive company, BV.

Revenues and expenses directly associated with each segment are included in determining its operating results. Other expenses, including corporate overhead, which are not directly attributable to a particular segment, generally are allocated to each segment based on its resource usage levels or other appropriate measures. Interest with respect to the Company’s outstanding senior notes, certain administrative expenses, corporate overhead expenses and other sources of revenues are not specifically allocated by management when reviewing the Company’s segments’ performance, and appear in the “Other” section. Selected financial information for each segment is set forth below (000’s omitted):

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
     2008     2007  

Specialist and Market-Making Segment:

    

Total revenues, net of interest expense

   $ (13,461 )   $ 41,455  

Operating expenses

     38,789       32,796  

Depreciation and amortization

     86       2,765  
                

(Loss) income before taxes

     (52,336 )     5,894  
                

Segment goodwill

     84,218       250,569  

Segment assets

   $ 3,654,883     $ 5,662,286  

Institutional Brokerage Segment:

    

Total, revenues, net of interest expense

   $ (646 )   $ 6,988  

Operating expenses

     5,840       8,198  

Depreciation and amortization

     24       65  
                

Loss before taxes

     (6,510 )     (1,275 )
                

Segment assets

   $ 55,701     $ 171,608  

Other:

    

Revenues, net of interest expense

   $ (8,586 )   $ (10,562 )

Operating expenses

     3,220       2,370  

Depreciation and amortization

     780       681  
                

Loss before taxes

     (12,586 )     (13,613 )
                

Segment assets

   $ 415,529     $ 141,840  

Total:

    

Total revenues, net of interest expense

   $ (22,693 )   $ 37,881  

Operating expenses

     47,849       43,364  

Depreciation and amortization

     890       3,511  
                

Loss before taxes

     (71,432 )     (8,994 )
                

Goodwill

     84,218       250,569  
                

Assets

   $ 4,126,113     $ 5,975,734  
                

 

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9. NYSE EURONEXT, INC. RESTRICTED STOCK

The Company holds, in aggregate, 3,126,903 shares of NYSE Euronext Group, Inc. common stock (“NYX shares”).

On April 4, 2007, the NYSE Group consummated its merger with Euronext N.V. (the “NYSE/Euronext merger”) to form NYSE Euronext, Inc., and the Company’s 3,126,903 shares of NYSE Group, Inc. common stock were exchanged for an equal number shares of NYSE Euronext, Inc. common stock (collectively, the “NYX shares”). Following the NYSE/Euronext merger, the restricted NYX shares continued to be subject to restriction on transfer. The restriction with respect to the second tranche of the NYX shares was removed by NYSE Euronext in June 2007. The restriction on the remaining one-third of the Company’s restricted NYX shares will be removed on March 7, 2009, unless removed earlier by the board of directors of NYSE Euronext in its sole discretion.

The Company has accounted for its investment in NYX restricted shares as corporate equities not readily marketable at the estimated fair value of such restricted shares pursuant to the SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). At March 31, 2008, the NYSE closing market price for the NYX shares was $61.71 per share as compared to the closing price of NYX shares at December 31, 2007 which was $87.77 per share. This resulted in the Company’s recognition of an unrealized pre-tax loss of $79.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2008, which includes the effects of a valuation allowance due to the share restrictions and is included in net loss on investments in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. There is no valuation allowance on shares without transfer restrictions, which are reported in financial instruments owned, at fair value.

On March 12, 2008, a quarterly dividend of $0.25 per share was paid to shareholders of record of NYSE Euronext as of the close of business on March 12, 2008. The aggregate dividend payment with respect to the Company’s 3,126,903 NYX shares was $0.8 million in the first quarter of 2008 and is reported in other revenues.

 

10. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value, were as follows (000’s omitted):

 

     March 31, 2008    December 31, 2007

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS OWNED:

     

Corporate equities, not readily marketable

   $ 59,024    $ 83,945

Corporate equities

     1,596,243      2,016,380

Options

     738,476      1,025,670

Exchange-traded funds

     555,675      1,000,600

Government and corporate bonds

     144,366      138,159

Investment in limited partnership

     2,765      2,641
             
   $ 3,096,549    $ 4,267,395
             

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS SOLD, BUT NOT YET PURCHASED:

     

Corporate equities

   $ 1,339,056    $ 1,980,040

Options

     903,966      1,183,884

Exchange-traded funds

     663,124      769,094

Government and corporate bonds

     84,778      129,977
             
   $ 2,990,924    $ 4,062,995
             

 

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11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements,” which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies only to fair value measurements already required or permitted by other accounting standards and does not impose requirements for additional fair value measures. Our adoption of SFAS No. 157 did not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Pursuant to SFAS No. 157, the fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the “exit price,” in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

We use fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Our financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

We may be required to record at fair value other assets or liabilities on a non-recurring basis, such as our trade name and goodwill. These non-recurring fair value adjustments involve the application of fair value measurements in assessing whether these and other nonfinancial assets or nonfinancial liabilities are impaired.

The Company has elected to apply the deferral provisions in FSP No. 157-2 and therefore have only partially applied the provisions of SFAS No. 157. FSP No. 157-2 defers the effective date for the disclosure fair value measurements related to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 such as our tradename and goodwill.

SFAS No 157 outlines a fair value hierarchy The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (which are considered “level 1” measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (which are considered “level 3” measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157 are as follows:

 

Level 1     Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2     Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;
Level 3     Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Such valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

 

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The following table represents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2008 (000’s omitted):

 

     Level 1    Level 2    Level 3    Total

ASSETS:

           

Corporate equities

   $ 1,555,083    $ 102,949    $ —      $ 1,658,032

Government and corporate bonds

     819      143,547      —        144,366

Options

     696,550      41,926      —        738,476

Exchange-traded funds

     555,675      —        —        555,675
                           

Total financial instruments owned

   $ 2,808,127    $ 288,422    $ —      $ 3,096,549
                           

LIABILITIES:

           

Government and corporate bonds

   $ 83,991    $ 787    $ —      $ 84,778

Corporate equities

     1,195,668      143,388      —        1,339,056

Options

     892,353      11,613      —        903,966

Exchange-traded funds

     663,124      —        —        663,124
                           

Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased

   $ 2,835,136    $ 155,788    $ —      $ 2,990,924
                           

Determining the fair value of our financial securities was determined from a variety of sources as follows:

For corporate equities and ETFs, fair value was determined by the closing price of the primary exchanges and was included in Level 1 for those that are actively traded. Those classified in Level 2 represent either restricted shares or those not actively traded with quoted market prices.

For government and corporate bonds, the primary source for pricing fixed income is derived from our clearing broker who determines prices through various third party pricing services. The Company confirms these values using independent observable sources. When pricing cannot be confirmed, the positions will be valued using broker quotes and included in Level 2.

For options, the fair values are based on the NBBO mid point average. Those included in Level 2 are valued based on broker quotes when a price could not be confirmed due to the security not being actively traded.

 

12. CONTINGENCIES

There have been no material new developments in the Company’s legal proceedings since the March 17, 2008 filing of its 2007 10-K, except as follows:

Sternlicht Demand. On April 17, 2008, the board of directors of the Company determined that pursuit by the Company of the litigation demanded would not serve the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.

 

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The Company believes that the claims asserted against it by the plaintiffs in the pending proceedings described in the 2007 10-K and above are without merit, and the Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing. There can be no assurance, however, as to the outcome or timing of the resolution of these proceedings. Therefore, the Company is unable to estimate the amount or potential range of any loss that may arise out of these proceedings. The range of possible resolutions could include determinations and judgments against the Company or settlements that could require substantial payments by the Company that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition to the proceedings described in the 2007 10-K and above, the Company and its operating subsidiaries have been the target, from time to time, of various claims, lawsuits and regulatory inquiries in the ordinary course of their respective businesses. While the ultimate outcome of those claims and lawsuits which are currently pending cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes, based on its understanding of the facts of these proceedings, that their ultimate resolution will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Debt Repurchase

In April 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a redemption of all of its remaining outstanding 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009, in the aggregate principal amount of $169.1 million, at a redemption price of 102.375%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of the indenture governing the notes. The Company expects the redemption to be completed on or about May 23, 2008. Following the redemption, approximately $210.0 million of the Company’s 11% Senior Notes due 2012 will remain outstanding under the indenture. The repurchase will result in the reduction of our annual interest expense by approximately $16.1 million.

Stock Repurchase

In April 2008, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program to purchase an aggregate of up to $40.0 million in shares of its outstanding common stock. This program may be implemented from time to time in the open market, in privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors including price, regulatory requirements, debt covenant compliance and capital availability. The indenture governing the Company’s outstanding senior notes currently limits repurchases of our stock to $15.0 million. However, upon our redemption of the 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009, that limitation will be increased to an amount in excess of $40.0 million. The share repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time.

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Unless the context otherwise requires, the “Company” or “we” shall mean LaBranche & Co Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (the “2007 10-K”) and our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes thereto contained in this report.

Executive Overview

For the first quarter of 2008, our US GAAP net loss was $40.2 million, compared to a net loss of $5.6 million for the same period in 2007. In both periods, these GAAP earnings were affected by significant unrealized losses as a result of our stake in NYSE Euronext of $79.2 million in 2008 and $4.2 million in 2007. Excluding this loss in each quarter, our pro-forma net income for the first quarter of 2008 was $7.8 million, or $0.13 per share, compared to a pro-forma net loss for the first quarter of 2007 of $3.2 million, or $0.05 per share.

Our pro-forma revenues improved significantly in the first quarter of 2008. Our cash equities specialist business showed its strongest results since the NYSE’s introduction of the HYBRID market. In addition, our specialist and market-making operations outside of our traditional cash equities business also continued to generate stronger earnings and continue to represent an increasing percentage of our total company revenues. We believe that new and varied trading venues and products will continue to develop as the securities markets evolve and converge, and that global and alternative securities markets will increasingly interact with each other. As such, our liquidity-providing activities outside the NYSE floor operations are increasingly becoming a major component of our specialist and market-making operations. Our first quarter 2008 results evidence this trend.

Our expansion into new products and increased globalization have given us opportunities which we believe will allow us to diversify our business. Our trading operations in London and Hong Kong are now yielding positive results, and we believe the further globalization of electronic markets will provide us additional opportunities as a liquidity provider and market-maker.

We are actively taking steps to reduce expenses reported at the holding company. The largest of these expenses is the interest on our public debt, which was approximately $47.6 million per year until 2008. We repurchased and retired approximately $80.8 million in our public debt in the first quarter of 2008 and announced in April 2008 that we will redeem the remaining $169.1 million of our outstanding 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009 on or about May 23, 2008. Following the redemption, our public debt will have been reduced to $210.0 million of Senior Notes due 2012, with a remaining annual interest expense of approximately $23.1 million versus $47.6 million in 2007. We anticipate that after the call on our Senior Notes in May our firm will have approximately $180.0 million of free cash, in excess of the equity we have in our operating subsidiaries, which we can use for general corporate purposes. We believe that we have taken significant steps to reduce our cost structure while maintaining our flexibility for future periods.

 

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We continue to devote significant resources to develop and improve our trading technologies and algorithms to enable our specialists and market-makers to inject liquidity in a nearly fully electronic securities marketplace. However, we cannot estimate or forecast additional revenue, if any, that could result from these new trading technologies or increased participation rates. We also believe that regulatory and market structure improvements are in process from the Securities and Exchange Commission on which we operate in order to recognize the nearly fully-automated global securities markets of today. We also believe that our regulators have taken steps to lessen the abusive odd-lot trading practices that have historically harmed our revenues. We worked with our regulators to try to eliminate those abuses and we believe the abusive odd-lot trading practices have decreased.

The NYSE has publicly stated that it plans to seek approval from the SEC to further change its market model, changing the role of specialists to “designated market makers” who will still provide liquidity, but without some of the negative and affirmative obligations that could, at times, adversely affect profitability. The purported rule changes could also change the timing of when the designated market-maker can see orders, but could enable the designated market-maker to provide liquidity and trade for its own account when it desires to do so. We believe that some of these possible market structure changes could allow us to interact in the market more efficiently. It also could allow us to benefit from organizational changes and integration, because some of these changes presumably would remove the informational barriers that have caused us to maintain our specialist and market-making businesses as separate broker-dealers. We currently are unable to project if or when any of these market structure changes, or other informational barrier changes will be formally proposed or passed, if at all.

The restructuring of certain of our specialist and market-making subsidiaries has allowed us to develop those operations across various domestic and international exchanges and marketplaces. The organizational structure of our Specialist and Market-Making segment, therefore, is intended to enable us to better allocate and deploy our capital, workforce and technology across our operations in order to more efficiently seek out opportunities as they arise. Our ability to capitalize on these opportunities has been enhanced by the reduction of our cash equities specialist net liquid asset requirements by $205.0 million in the first quarter of 2008 and by our completed and imminent retirement of a majority of our public debt.

In addition, we believe that our Institutional Brokerage Segment is in a position to build upon its reputation as a strong institutional trading firm. This segment’s primary business will continue to be facilitation trading, and we have continued to hire experienced sales-trading personnel and new client trading partners to increase our revenue generation. We also believe that our new capital commitment focus will enable us to accommodate customer business as well as for proprietary trading. The addition of a proprietary book is expected to generate a new source of revenue, as well as an enhanced client base, from trading opportunities that present themselves in the marketplace. Our clients will continue to receive excellent customer service by means of market commentary and color, efficient execution, strong liquidity and confidentiality.

 

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Regulation G Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In evaluating our financial performance as described above in “Executive Overview,” management reviews operating results from operations, which excludes non-operating charges. Pro-forma earnings per share is a non-GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) performance measure, but we believe that it is useful to assist investors in gaining an understanding of the trends and operating results for our core business. Pro-forma earnings per share should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of our reported results under U.S. GAAP.

The following is a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP results to pro-forma results for the periods presented:

 

      Three Months Ended March 31,  
     2008    2007  
      Amounts as
reported
    (1) (2)
Adjustments
    Pro forma
amounts
   Amounts as
reported
    (1)
Adjustments
   Pro forma
amounts
 

Revenues, net of interest expense

   $ (22,693 )   $ 79,246     $ 56,553    $ 37,881     $ 4,170    $ 42,051  

Total expenses

     48,739       (886 )     47,853      46,875       —        46,875  
                                              

(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes

     (71,432 )     80,132       8,700      (8,994 )     4,170      (4,824 )

(Benefit) provision for income taxes

     (31,195 )     32,053       858      (3,439 )     1,814      (1,625 )
                                              

Net (loss) income applicable to common stockholders

   $ (40,237 )   $ 48,079     $ 7,842    $ (5,555 )   $ 2,356    $ (3,199 )
                                              

Basic per share

   $ (0.65 )   $ 0.78     $ 0.13    $ (0.09 )   $ 0.04    $ (0.05 )

Diluted per share

   $ (0.65 )   $ 0.78     $ 0.13    $ (0.09 )   $ 0.04    $ (0.05 )

 

(1) Revenue adjustment reflects loss in each accounting period, based on the change in fair market value of the Company’s restricted and unrestricted NYX shares at the end of each such period versus the beginning of such period.
(2) Expense adjustment reflects loss associated with early extinguishment of debt in accounting period.

New Accounting Developments

Accounting for Tax Uncertainties

In July 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — An Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN No. 48”). FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN No. 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We adopted FIN No. 48 effective January 1, 2007. Please refer to Footnote 4, “Income Taxes” of our condensed consolidated financial statements in this report for additional information and disclosure.

 

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Fair Value Measurements

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements required under other accounting pronouncements, but does not change existing guidance as to whether or not an instrument is carried at fair value. SFAS 157 nullifies the guidance in EITF 02-3 which precluded the recognition of a trading profit at the inception of a derivative contract, unless the fair value of such derivative is obtained from a quoted market price, or other valuation technique incorporating observable market data. SFAS 157 also precludes the use of a liquidity or block discount, when measuring instruments traded in an active market at fair value. SFAS 157 requires that costs related to acquiring financial instruments carried at fair value should not be capitalized, but rather should be expensed as incurred. SFAS 157 also clarifies that an issuer’s credit standing should be considered when measuring liabilities at fair value. SFAS 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and was adopted by the Company as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 must be applied prospectively, except that the provisions related to block discounts and the guidance in EITF 02-3 are to be applied as a one time cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings in the first interim period for the fiscal year in which SFAS 157 is initially applied. The adoption of SFAS 157 resulted in no cumulative change to the retained deficit. Please refer to Footnote 11 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information and disclosure.

In February of 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2 which delays the effective date of Statement 157 to all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in an entity’s financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008. Such items include a) nonfinancial assets acquired and liabilities assumed in purchase business combinations b) other real estate c) branches held for sale and d) intangible assets and goodwill.

Accounting for Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “Accounting for Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS 159”). SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. We currently report the majority of our financial assets and liabilities at fair value in compliance with industry guidelines for brokers and dealers in securities. We have a significant investment in intangibles and goodwill as well as public debt which is not accounted for at fair value. We believe SFAS 159 exempts intangible assets and goodwill from fair value reporting. The company elected not to apply the fair value option for any applicable assets or liabilities.

 

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Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

In April 2007, the FASB issued a Staff Position (“FSP”) FIN No. 39-1, “Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39.” FSP FIN No. 39-1 defines “right of setoff” and specifies what conditions must be met for a derivative contract to qualify for this right of setoff. It also addresses the applicability of a right of setoff to derivative instruments and clarifies the circumstances in which it is appropriate to offset amounts recognized for those instruments in the statement of financial position. In addition, this FSP permits offsetting of fair value amounts recognized for multiple derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement and fair value amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral (a receivable) or the obligation to return cash collateral (a payable) arising from the same master netting arrangement as the derivative instruments. The provisions of this FSP are consistent with our current accounting practice. This interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, with early application permitted. The adoption of FSP FIN No. 39-1 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2008, the FASB issued FASB Statement No 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement 133. SFAS 161 amends and expands the disclosures required by SFAS 133 so that they provide an enhanced understanding of 1) how and why an entity uses derivative instruments, 2) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under SFAS 133 and its related interpretations, and 3) how derivative instruments affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for both interim and annual reporting periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. The Company is not subject to SFAS 133 at this time. Since this amendment relates solely to disclosures related to SFAS 133, there is no potential effect on the financial position of the Company should SFAS 133 apply in the future.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

We determine the fair value of each of our reporting units and the fair value of each reporting unit’s goodwill under the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” In determining fair value, we use standard analytical approaches to business enterprise valuation (“BEV”), such as the market comparable approach and the income approach. The market comparable approach is based on comparisons of the subject company to similar companies engaged in an actual merger or acquisition or to public companies whose stocks are actively traded. As part of this process, multiples of value relative to financial variables, such as earnings or stockholders’ equity, are developed and applied to the appropriate financial variables of the subject company to indicate its value. The income approach involves estimating the present value of the subject company’s future cash flows by using projections of the cash flows that the business is expected to generate, and discounting these cash flows at a given rate of return. Each of these BEV methodologies requires the use of management estimates and assumptions. For example, under the market comparable approach, we assigned a certain control premium to the public market price of our common stock as of

 

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the valuation date in estimating the fair value of our specialist reporting unit. Similarly, under the income approach, we assumed certain growth rates for our revenues, expenses, earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, returns on working capital, returns on other assets and capital expenditures, among others. We also assumed certain discount rates and certain terminal growth rates in our calculations. Given the subjectivity involved in selecting which BEV approach to use and in determining the input variables for use in our analyses, it is possible that a different valuation model and the selection of different input variables could produce a materially different estimate of the fair value of our goodwill.

We review the reasonableness of the carrying value of our goodwill annually as of December 31, unless an event or change in circumstances requires an interim reassessment of impairment. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, there were no changes in circumstances that necessitated goodwill impairment testing prior to our required year-end test date. We cannot provide assurance that a change in circumstances requiring an interim assessment or future goodwill impairment testing will not result in impairment charges in subsequent periods.

Another of our intangible assets, as defined under SFAS No. 142, is our trade name. We determine the fair value of our trade name by applying the income approach using the royalty savings methodology. This method assumes that the trade name has value to the extent we are relieved of the obligation to pay royalties for the benefits received from it. Application of this methodology requires estimating an appropriate royalty rate, which is typically expressed as a percentage of revenue. Estimating an appropriate royalty rate includes reviewing evidence from comparable licensing agreements and considering qualitative factors affecting the trade name. Given the subjectivity involved in selecting which BEV approach to use and in determining the input variables for use in our analyses, it is possible that a different valuation model and the selection of different input variables could produce a materially different estimate of fair value of our trade name.

We review the reasonableness of the carrying amount of our trade name on an annual basis in conjunction with our goodwill impairment assessment. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, there were no changes in circumstances that necessitated trade name impairment testing prior to our required year-end test date. We cannot provide assurance that a change in circumstances requiring an interim assessment or future trade name and stock listing rights impairment testing will not result in impairment charges in subsequent periods.

Financial Instruments

“ Financial instruments owned, at fair value” and “ Financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased, at fair value” are reported in our consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis. Pursuant to SFAS No. 157, the fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the “exit price,” in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements,” which defines fair value, establishes

 

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a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 outlines a fair value hierarchy that is used to determine the value to be reported. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (which are considered “level 1” measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (which are considered “level 3” measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under SFAS No. 157 are as follows:

 

Level 1     Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2     Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly;
Level 3     Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant assumptions not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions would reflect our own estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Such valuation techniques include the use of option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

Non-Marketable Securities

The measurement of non-marketable investments is a critical accounting estimate. Investments in non-marketable securities consist of investments in equity securities of private companies and limited liability company interests included in other assets. Certain investments in non-marketable securities are initially carried at cost unless there are third-party transactions evidencing a change in value. For certain other investments in non-marketable investments we adjust their carrying value by applying the equity method of accounting pursuant to APB 18. Under the equity method the investor recognizes its share of the earnings and losses of an investee in the periods for which they are reported by the investee in its financial statements. The assets included in this section represent limited liability companies that are service providers and whose value is affected by nonfinancial components. In addition, if and when available, management considers other relevant factors relating to non-marketable investments in estimating their value, such as the financial performance of the entity, its cash flow forecasts, trends within that entity’s industry and any specific rights associated with our investment—such as conversion features—among others.

Non-marketable investments are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that such investment’s carrying value may be impaired.

 

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Use of Estimates

The use of generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates. In addition to the estimates we make in connection with fair value measurements and the accounting for goodwill and identifiable intangible assets, the use of estimates is also important in determining provisions for potential losses that may arise from litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits.

We estimate and provide for potential losses that may arise out of litigation, regulatory proceedings and tax audits to the extent that such losses are probable and can be estimated, in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” and FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. Significant judgment is required in making these estimates and our final liabilities may ultimately be materially different. Our total liability in respect of litigation and regulatory proceedings is determined on a case-by-case basis and represents an estimate of probable losses after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case or proceeding, our experience and the experience of others in similar cases or proceedings, and the opinions and views of legal counsel. Given the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of our litigation and regulatory matters, particularly in cases or proceedings in which substantial or indeterminate damages or fines are sought, we cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses for cases or proceedings where there is only a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred. See “Legal Proceedings” in Part II, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on our judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings.

Institutional Brokerage Risk

Our Institutional Brokerage segment, through the normal course of business, enters into various securities transactions as agent. The execution of these transactions can result in unrecorded market risk and concentration of credit risk. Our Institutional Brokerage activities involve execution and financing of various customer securities transactions on a cash or margin basis. These activities may expose us to risk in the event the customer or other broker is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations and we have to purchase or sell securities at a loss. For margin transactions, we may be exposed to significant market risk in the event margin requirements are not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may incur in their accounts.

 

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Results of Operations

Specialist and Market-Making Segment Operating Results

 

      For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 
(000’s omitted)    2008     2007    

Revenues:

      

Net gain on principal transactions

   $ 59,482     $ 48,895     21.7 %

Commissions and other fees

     5,270       6,038     (12.7 )

Net loss on investments

     (75,165 )     (4,705 )   1,497.6  

Interest income

     27,912       61,623     (54.7 )

Other

     (35 )     (190 )   (81.6 )
                  

Total segment revenues

     17,464       111,661     (84.4 )

Interest expense

     30,925       70,206     (56.0 )
                  

Revenues, net of interest expense

     (13,461 )     41,455     (132.5 )

Operating expenses

     38,875       35,561     9.3  
                  

(Loss) income before taxes

   $ (52,336 )   $ 5,894     (988.0 )%
                  

Revenues from our Specialist and Market-Making segment consist primarily of net gains and losses resulting from our specialist activities in stocks and options, market-making activities in ETFs, options and futures, the net gains and losses resulting from trading of foreign currencies, futures and equities underlying the rights, ETFs and options for which we act as specialist, and accrued dividends receivable or payable on our equity positions.

Additionally, a significant component of the overall trading revenues is revenue generated by our Specialist and Market-Making segment consisting primarily of interest earned in securities lending transactions and inventory financing in connection with our trading in options, futures and ETFs which is aggregated with interest income and interest expense, respectively. These revenues are primarily affected by changes in share volume traded and fluctuations in prices of stocks, rights, options, ETFs and futures in which we are the specialist or in which we make a market.

Net gain on principal transactions represents trading gains net of trading losses and certain exchange imposed trading activity fees, where applicable, and are earned by us when we act as principal buying and selling our specialist stocks, rights, options, ETFs and futures.

Commissions and other fees revenue generated by our Specialist and Market-Making segment consists primarily of fees earned by our cash equity specialists for providing liquidity on the NYSE and, through July 9, 2007, for executing limit orders on the AMEX. The other fees in this line item are related to a specialist liquidity provision payment (the “LPP”) program implemented on September 1, 2007, which varies month-to-month depending on our principal trading activities on the NYSE and an interim “specialist allocation pool” payment to us in the amount of $2.1 million per month by the NYSE for the period from December 2006 through August 2007. The new LPP system involves a two tier fee structure based on (1) the firms’ proportional share of 100% of the consolidated tape revenue earned by the NYSE for quoting at the national best bid and offer, and (2) a subjective allocation from the NYSE of the “LPP pool” which consists of 25% of the NYSE’s listed stock transaction revenue on matched volume. This monthly payment, in the aggregate, has been approximately $1.7 million for each of the first three months of 2008.

Net (loss) gain on investments reflects the aggregate revenues generated from our investments in restricted and unrestricted NYX shares and other investments not derived specifically from specialist and market-making activities.

 

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Other revenue at our Specialist and Market-Making segment consists primarily of miscellaneous receipts not derived specifically from specialist and market-making activities.

Interest expense attributable to our Specialist and Market-Making segment is the result of inventory financing costs relating to positions taken in connection with our options, futures and ETFs specialist and market-making operations and interest on subordinated indebtedness that has been approved by the NYSE for inclusion in the net capital of LaBranche & Co. LLC.

Generally, an increase in the average daily share volume on the NYSE, an increase in volatility (as measured by the average closing price of the CBOE’s Volatility Index®, or the “VIX”), an increase in the dollar value and share volume of our principal shares or a decrease in program trading enables us to increase our level of principal participation and thus our ability to realize net gain on principal transactions. While we monitor these metrics each period, they are not the sole indicators or factors in any given period that determine our level of revenues, profitability or overall performance. Other factors, such as extreme price movements, unanticipated company news and events and other uncertainties may influence our financial performance either positively or negatively.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to March 31, 2007

Net gain on principal transactions for the first quarter of 2008 increased mainly as the result of stronger performance in our market-making businesses. Our cash equities specialist business also achieved its strongest quarter revenue growth in the first quarter of 2008 with its highest net trading revenues since the NYSE’s implementation of the HYBRID market.

Commission and other fees revenue during the first quarter of 2008 decreased compared to the first quarter of 2007 as the result NYSE’s rule change, in September 2007, implementing the two tiered Liquidity Provision Payment (“LPP”) from the fixed specialist allocation pool payment. The LPP payment amounted to approximately $5.3 million for the first quarter of 2008.

Net loss on investments is mainly the result of the unrealized loss on our NYX shares of $72.9 million, net of a valuation allowance for transfer restrictions, which represents the decline in the fair value of the NYX shares since December 31, 2007. Comparatively, for the first quarter of 2007 the unrealized loss from the decrease in the fair value of the NYX shares, net of a valuation allowance for the transfer restrictions, was $4.2 million.

Interest income decreased primarily due to decreased trade finance interest income from stock borrow activity and lower interest rates during the first quarter of 2008 as compared to the first quarter of 2007. During the first quarter 2008, the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank reduced the overnight lending rate by 200 basis points.

Interest expense decreased primarily as a result of decreased inventory financing costs relating to a decrease in our positions and lower interest rates relating to inventory financing costs such as margin interest.

 

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Institutional Brokerage Segment Operating Results

 

      For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 
(000’s omitted)    2008     2007    

Revenues:

      

Net gain on principal transactions

   $ 562     $ 24     2,241.7 %

Commissions and other fees

     4,739       6,723     (29.5 )

Net loss on investments

     (6,096 )     (321 )   1,799.1  

Interest income

     60       1,111     (94.6 )

Other

     95       30     216.7  
                  

Total segment revenues

     (640 )     7,567     (108.5 )

Interest expense

     6       579     (99.0 )
                  

Revenues, net of interest expense

     (646 )     6,988     (109.2 )

Operating expenses

     5,864       8,263     (29.0 )
                  

Loss before taxes

   $ (6,510 )   $ (1,275 )   410.6 %
                  

Our Institutional Brokerage segment’s commission revenue for 2007 includes fees charged to customers for execution, clearance (through June 8, 2007) and direct-access floor brokerage activities.

Net (loss) gain on investments reflects the aggregated revenues generated from our investments in restricted and unrestricted NYX shares and other investments not derived specifically from institutional brokerage activities.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to March 31, 2007

Net gain on principal transactions increased as a result of LFS trading and market-making activity in OTC Bulletin Board and Pink Sheet securities that began in May 2007.

Commission revenues decreased as a result of reduced trade volume for direct-access and institutional customers.

Net loss on investments is directly related to a decrease in the share price of NYX stock during the first quarter of 2008.

Both interest income and interest expense decreased as a result of LFS ceasing its clearing business in June 2007. There are currently no stock borrow or stock loan transactions.

Operating expenses decreased mainly due to the outsourcing of the clearing process to a third party beginning on June 8, 2007. To a lesser extent, trading costs are lower due to lower transaction volumes in 2008.

 

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Other Segment Operating Results

 

     For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 
(000’s omitted)    2008     2007    

Interest

   $ 1,954     $ 1,923     1.6 %

Net gain (loss) on investments

     (28 )     170     (116.5 )

Other

     233       284     (18.0 )
                  

Total segment revenues

     2,159       2,377     9.2  

Interest expense

     10,745       12,939     (17.0 )
                  

Revenues, net of interest expense

     (8,586 )     (10,562 )   (18.7 )

Operating expenses

     4,000       3,051     31.1  
                  

Loss before taxes

   $ (12,586 )   $ (13,613 )   (7.5 )%
                  

The portion of our revenues that is not generated from our two principal business segments consists primarily of unrealized gains or losses on our non-marketable investments and interest income from short-term investments of our excess cash.

Revenues, net of interest expense, of our Other segment is calculated after netting revenues by the interest expense related to our public debt and interest accrued on reserves.

Interest expense mainly relates to the effective yield on our public debt inclusive of our debt issuance costs.

Operating expenses mainly relate to finance, accounting, tax, legal, treasury and human resource expenditures as well as related insurance and corporate governance costs and fees.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to March 31, 2007

Net gain (loss) on investments increased as a result of an increase in the gains on our non-marketable investments.

Other revenues increased primarily as a result of the partial sale of one of our non-marketable investments under an agreement entered into by the investment with a new investor.

Interest expense decreased as a result of the early extinguishment of a portion of our public debt.

Operating expenses increased primarily as a result of costs related to the early extinguishment of a portion of our public debt in the amount of $0.9 million and increased legal and professional fees offset by lower insurance and compensation expenses.

 

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Our Operating Expenses

 

     For the Three
Months Ended
March 31,
    Percentage
Change
 
(000’s omitted)    2008     2007    

Expenses:

      

Employee compensation and related benefits

   $ 28,530     $ 24,122     18.3 %

Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees

     10,658       9,054     17.7  

Lease of exchange memberships and trading license fees

     427       682     (37.4 )

Depreciation and amortization

     890       3,511     (74.7 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

     886       —       100.0  

Other

     7,348       9,506     (22.7 )
                  

Total expenses before taxes

     48,739       46,875     4.0  

(Benefit) provision for income taxes

   $ (31,195 )   $ (3,439 )   807.1 %

Our Specialist and Market-Making segment’s employee compensation and related benefits expense consists of salaries, wages and performance-based compensation paid to our traders and related support staff. The employee compensation and related benefits expense associated with our Institutional Brokerage segment consists of salaries, wages and performance-based compensation paid to our institutional brokerage professionals, as well as incentive-based compensation paid to various trading professionals based on their earned commissions. Performance-based compensation may include cash compensation and stock-based compensation granted to managing directors, trading professionals and other employees based on our operating results.

Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees expense at our Specialist and Market-Making segment consists primarily of fees paid by us to the NYSE, AMEX, other exchanges, the Depository Trust Clearing Corporation (“DTCC”) and to third party execution and clearing companies. The fees paid by us to these entities are primarily based on the volume of transactions executed by us as principal and as agent, a fee based on exchange seat use, technology fees, a flat annual fee and execution and clearing fees. Our Institutional Brokerage segment’s exchange, clearing and brokerage fees expense consists of floor brokerage fees paid to direct-access floor brokers and fees paid to various exchanges.

Other operating expenses primarily are comprised of occupancy costs, such as office space and equipment leases and utilities, communications costs, insurance, professional, legal and consulting fees and restructuring costs.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 Compared to March 31, 2007

Employee compensation and related benefits increased as a result of our incentive and bonus compensation being higher than the prior year based on improved trading results offset by a reduction of base salaries and related benefit costs due to a decrease in headcount.

 

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Exchange, clearing and brokerage fees increased primarily as a result of an agreement on prior year exchange fees paid in the first quarter 2008.

Lease of exchange memberships and trading license fees decreased due to the reduced headcount in our cash equity specialist operations, which resulted in a decrease of the number of our NYSE trading licenses, and a decrease in the monthly fee per license.

Depreciation and amortization of intangibles decreased as a result of the elimination of amortization related to our specialist stock list due to impairment in 2007.

The decrease in other operating expenses was due to decreases in legal fees, insurance, occupancy and communications.

Our income tax benefit in the first quarters of 2008 and 2007 mainly reflects the benefit from the NYX share value reduction.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2008, we had $4,126.1 million in assets, of which $459.1 million consisted of cash and short-term investments, primarily in government obligations maturing within three months, cash and securities segregated under federal regulations. To date, we have financed our operations primarily with retained earnings from operations and proceeds from our debt and equity offerings. Due to the nature of the securities business and our role as a specialist, market-maker and execution agent, the amount of our cash and short-term investments, as well as operating cash flow, may vary considerably due to a number of factors, including the dollar value of our positions as principal, whether we are net buyers or sellers of securities, the dollar volume of executions by our customers and clearing house requirements, among others. Certain regulatory requirements constrain the use of a portion of our liquid assets for financing, investing or operating activities. Similarly, the nature of our business lines, the capital necessary to maintain current operations and our current funding needs subject our cash and cash equivalents to different requirements and uses.

As of March 31, 2008, our most significant long-term indebtedness was the $169.1 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding senior notes that mature in May 2009 and the $209.9 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding senior notes that mature in May 2012. In the first quarter of 2008, we purchased and cancelled $30.8 million of our outstanding 9 1/2% senior notes due 2009 and $50.1 million of our 11% senior notes due 2012 in open market transactions. Our Board of Directors has approved a redemption of all of the remaining outstanding 9 1/2% senior notes due 2009, in the aggregate principal amount of $169.1 million, at a redemption price of 102.375%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of the indenture governing the notes. The Company expects the redemption to be completed on or about May 23, 2008. As a result of this impending redemption, the $169.1 million aggregate principal amount of our 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009 are now classified as short-term indebtedness.

 

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At March 31, 2008, our net cash capital position was $362.5 million. Fluctuations in net cash capital are common and are a function of variability in our total assets, balance sheet composition and total capital. We attempt to maintain cash capital sources in excess of our aggregate longer-term funding requirements (i.e., positive net cash capital). Over the previous 12 months, our net cash capital has averaged above $252.0 million.

 

     ($ millions)
     3/31/2008    3/31/2007

Cash Capital Available:

     

Stockholders’ equity

   $ 489.1    $ 870.8

Subordinated debt

     4.7      5.7

Short term debt < 1 year

     169.1      —  

Long term debt > 1 year

     209.9      459.8

Other holding company liabilities

     46.1      50.1
             

Total cash capital available

   $ 918.9    $ 1,386.4

Cash Capital Required:

     

Regulatory capital (1)

   $ 40.2    $ 314.9

Working capital

     165.9      171.0

NYX unrestricted shares

     128.7      —  

Illiquid assets/long-term investments (2)

     208.1      718.9

Subsidiary intercompany

     13.5      4.2
             

Total Cash Capital Required

   $ 556.4    $ 1,209.0
             

Net Cash Capital

   $ 362.5    $ 177.4
             

 

(1) In February 2008, our regulatory capital was reduced by $200.0 million by means of a dividend to our holding company following the 75% reduction of the NLA specialist capital requirement
(2) In June 2007, our company impaired $335.3 million of stock listing right intangibles and $164.1 million of goodwill assets.

“Cash Capital Available” is mainly comprised of stockholders’ equity, long term debt, subordinated debt and other liabilities of our parent holding company which, in the aggregate, constitute the currency used to purchase our assets and provide our working capital. This amount will principally be affected as debt matures or is refinanced and as earnings are retained or paid as dividends. “Cash Capital Required” mainly consists of the assets used in our businesses. Regulatory capital is defined as capital required by the SEC and applicable exchanges to be maintained by broker-dealers. It is principally comprised of cash, net equities, other investments and net receivables from other broker-dealers. Working capital constitutes liquid assets provided to our subsidiaries in excess of the required regulatory capital. Illiquid assets and long term investments are mainly comprised of exchange memberships, intangible assets, such as goodwill, tradename, deposits, deferred taxes and non-marketable investments. “Net Cash Capital” is considered to be the excess of Cash Capital Available over Cash Capital Required, or “free cash,” which we can utilize to fund our business needs.

We also monitor alternative funding measures in addition to our available net cash. The alternative funding measures are significant transactions and actions we could take in a short-term time frame to generate cash to meet debt maturities or other business needs. More precisely, as of March 31, 2008, we have identified the following alternative funding measures to support future debt maturity requirements:

 

   

Liquidation of available net invested capital at certain subsidiaries:

 

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Reduction of excess capital at LaBranche & Co. LLC to only required NLA (excess NLA dividend):

 

   

Further reduction of NLA requirements by the NYSE and SEC: and

 

   

Our restricted and unrestricted NYX shares, as previously discussed, can be either sold or held as good capital as their restrictions are removed. If the shares are held as good capital, no tax charge is applied and cash can be freed from its current use as NLA capital.

 

Alternative Funding Measures

$ millions

Net cash capital

   $ 362.5

Tax refund (4)

     11.0

Unrestricted NYX shares (1) (2)

     46.4

Excess regulatory capital at subsidiaries (3)

     54.8

Restricted NYX shares (1) (2)

     40.6
      

Total cash available from alternative funding measures

   $ 515.3
      

 

(1) Computed on an after-tax basis and after a $34.8 million reduction for NYX shares used as regulatory capital.
(2) Based on NYX price of $61.71 per share on March 31, 2008.
(3) Subject to regulatory approval prior to distribution to the holding company.
(4) The Company proactively filed a NOL carryback claim with an accelerated direct deposit request in April 2008.

In addition to the alternative funding measures above, we monitor the maturity profile of our unsecured debt to minimize refinancing risk and we maintain relationships with debt investors and bank creditors. Strong relationships with a diverse base of creditors and debt investors are critical to our liquidity. We also maintain available sources of short-term funding that exceed actual utilization, thus allowing us to accommodate changes in investor appetite and credit capacity for our debt obligations.

With respect to the management of refinancing risk, the maturity profile of our long-term debt portfolio is monitored on an ongoing basis and, historically, has been structured within the context of two significant debt tranches with a significant spread of years between maturities (mid-term and long-term). In 2004, we strategically negotiated debt terms of two series of senior notes maturing in 2009 and 2012 for the significant portion of our outstanding debt. This senior debt has call provisions which have allowed pre-maturity retirements as early as 2008. The debt tranches have had available maturities and calls over the six-year period 2008 through 2012 to allow us maximum flexibility in satisfying the debt maturities with payments and/or sufficient time to refinance the long-term debt as required.

In taking advantage of these call opportunities and flexibility, our board of directors has approved a redemption of all of its remaining outstanding 9 1/2% senior notes due 2009, in the

 

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aggregate principal amount of $169.1 million, at a price of 102.375%, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon, pursuant to the optional redemption provisions of the indenture governing the notes. The redemption is expected to be completed on or about May 23, 2008. Following the redemption, approximately $210.0 million of the Company’s 11% Senior Notes due 2012 will remain outstanding under the indenture and our annual interest expense related to those remaining outstanding senior notes going forward is expected to be approximately $23.1 million. The following chart profiles our long-term debt maturities as of March 31, 2008, giving prospective effect to the approved redemption described above.

LOGO

Our outstanding senior notes were issued pursuant to an indenture which includes certain covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to make certain investments, engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates, create liens on our assets and sell assets or engage in mergers and consolidations, except in accordance with certain specified conditions. In addition, our ability to make so-called “restricted payments,” such as incurring additional indebtedness (other than certain “permitted indebtedness”), paying dividends, redeeming stock or repurchasing subordinated indebtedness prior to maturity, is limited if our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is at or below a threshold of 2.00:1. The “consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio” reflects a comparison between (1) our consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expenses, or “EBITDA,” and (2) the sum of our consolidated interest expense and a tax-effected multiple of any dividend payments with

 

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respect to our preferred stock. As of March 31, 2008, our consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, as defined, was 1.63:1, which means we currently cannot make any “restricted payments,” other than repurchasing our outstanding senior notes and any “restricted payments” up to an aggregate of $15.0 million over the life of the indenture. Even though our fixed charge coverage ratio is below 2.00:1, we are still in compliance with all our covenants under the indenture. Under the debt covenants, the Company believes that upon redemption of the remaining 9.5% notes, the fixed charge coverage ratio should increase above 2.00:1 on a pro-forma basis once the debt call is executed in May 2008.

During any quarterly period our fixed charge ratio is above 2.00:1, the indenture governing our outstanding senior notes enable us to make cumulative “restricted payments” in an amount that is not greater than (i) the sum of (A) 50.0% of our cumulative consolidated net income, as defined in the indenture, since July 1, 2004 (or, if such calculation is a loss, minus 100.0% of such loss) and (B) 100.0% of the net cash proceeds received from any issuance or sale of our capital stock since July 1, 2004, plus (ii) $15.0 million. If our cumulative “restricted payments” since May 18, 2004 at any time exceeds this restricted payment calculation, we will not be able to make any additional restricted payments. However, this calculation is recomputed each quarterly calendar period as allowed under the covenants. As of March 31, 2008, 50% of our cumulative consolidated net income since July 1, 2004 was $68.2 million, and we had received approximately $1.4 million upon the exercise of options since July 1, 2004. In total, the Company has an available restricted payment allowance of approximately $84.6 million. As explained above, however, as of March 31, 2008 and until we complete the redemption of our 9 1/2 % Senior Notes due 2009, our “fixed charge coverage ratio” is below 2.00:1. Accordingly, until we complete the redemption, we are unable to make restricted payments greater than the $15.0 million “basket” described above. Upon completion of the redemption, however, we will be entitled to make restricted payments up to $68.2 million pursuant to the calculation described above. Although we have not made any restricted payments since May 18, 2004, we cannot be sure if, when or to what extent this covenant will prevent or limit us from making restricted payments in the future.

As set forth in the tables above, the indenture governing our outstanding senior notes permits us to redeem some or all of the senior notes due 2009 on or after May 15, 2007 and some or all of the senior notes due 2012 on or after May 15, 2008 at varying redemption prices, depending on the date of redemption. In addition, under the terms of the indenture, if we sell substantially all our assets or experience specific kinds of changes in control, we will be required to offer to repurchase outstanding senior notes, on a pro rata basis, at a price in cash equal to 101.0% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to the date of purchase.

Any time we repurchase our outstanding senior notes, our fixed-term interest payments are correspondingly reduced. For example, in January and February 2008, we repurchased an aggregate of $30.7 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009, of which $24.9 million were purchased at below par and $5.8 million were repurchased at 102%. We also repurchased an aggregate of $50.1 million aggregate principal amount of our outstanding 11% Senior Notes due 2012, all of which were below par. These purchases of our outstanding senior notes resulted in annual interest savings of approximately

 

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$8.4 million. Upon completion of the redemption of out remaining $169.1 million in Senior Notes due 2009, we expect to recognize annual interest savings of approximately $16.1 million. To the extent we repurchase any remaining outstanding 11% Senior Notes due 2012 in connection with future corporate strategic initiatives, our fixed-term interest payments would be correspondingly reduced.

As of March 31, 2008, the subordinated indebtedness of LaBranche & Co. LLC aggregated $4.7 million. This subordinated debt is comprised of senior subordinated notes and junior subordinated notes, which mature on various dates between June 2008 and April 2009 and bear interest at annual rates ranging from 7.7% to 10.0%. The senior subordinated notes were originally issued in the aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, and, in accordance with their terms, $3.0 million in principal amount must be repaid on June 3 of each of 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008. LaBranche & Co. LLC repaid $3.0 million in accordance with these terms in each of June 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. LaBranche & Co. LLC may prepay, at a premium, all or any part of such senior subordinated notes at any time, provided that the amount prepaid is not less than 5.0% of the aggregate principal amount of such senior subordinated notes then outstanding. Upon the occurrence of a change of control, LaBranche & Co. LLC may, but is not required to, make one irrevocable separate offer to each holder of the senior subordinated notes to prepay all the senior subordinated notes then held by that holder. The occurrence of a change of control also constitutes an event of acceleration under the senior subordinated notes. Our outstanding junior subordinated notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1.7 million as of March 31, 2008 have automatic rollover provisions, which extend their maturity for an additional year, unless we provide at least seven months advance notice of our intention not to renew at maturity. LaBranche & Co. LLC is entitled to prepay—with written consent from the NYSE—the junior subordinated notes without penalty under the terms of the agreements relating thereto. In April 2008, we repaid at maturity $800,000 of the remaining $1.7 million in junior subordinated notes plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon. It is the intention of the company to repay the subordinated debt as the various notes become due over the next twelve months.

Below is a table providing future redemption and repayment opportunities with respect to the above-described debt pursuant to the terms thereof (as of March 31, 2008):

 

Debt

   Interest
Rate
    Remaining
Principal at
3/31/08
    Maturity
Date
   Call Opportunities

Senior Notes due 2012

   11.0 %   $ 209.9 million  (3)   May 15, 2012    May 15, 2008

first call is at 105.50% (2)

Senior Notes due 2009

   9.5 %   $ 169.1 million  (3)   May 15, 2009    May 15, 2008

call is at 102.375% (2)

Senior Subordinated Notes(1)

   7.69 %   $ 3.0 million     June 3, 2008    None - will be paid at maturity

Junior Subordinated Notes

   10.0 %   $ 1.7 million     Automatic Renewal    None - Requires six-month
notice or mutual consent of

the note holder to redeem

               

Total

     $ 383.7 million  (3)     
               

 

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(1) The $3.0 million must be paid in June 2008 (with interest).
(2) The redemption premium is reduced by one-half each subsequent May 15.

(3)

In the first quarter of 2008, we purchased and cancelled $30.8 million of our outstanding 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009, $50.1 million of our 11% Senior Notes due 2012 in open market transactions and redeemed $1.0 million of the junior subordinated notes due March 31, 2008. Our board of directors approved a redemption of all the remaining 9 1/2% Senior Notes due 2009, which is expected to be completed on or about May 23, 2008.

As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had a tax receivable of $12.5 million and $11.8 million, respectively, which mainly relates to a Federal NOL carryback claim for 2007. The Company has proactively filed for a carry-back claim for the 2007 NOL in the amount of $11.0 million and anticipates a quick refund in the next quarter.

The Company anticipates that it will have free cash of at least $180 million after satisfaction of the scheduled debt servicing payments on May 15, 2008, executing the call opportunity on the remaining 9.5% Senior Notes on May 23, 2008 and including the tax refund claim filed in April. The Company also anticipates a significant portion of the cash remaining at the cash equities specialist business to be available and resourced as free cash when the final restrictions are removed in March 2009.

Our “Other liabilities” of $11.6 million reflected on the accompanying 2008 consolidated statement of financial condition are principally comprised of tax contingencies pursuant to FIN 48. Such contingencies are considered long term, as there is no present obligation to pay such liabilities in the foreseeable future.

Regulated Subsidiaries

As a specialist and market-maker, we are required to maintain certain levels of capital and liquid assets as promulgated by various regulatory agencies which regulate our business. As part of our overall risk management procedures (for further discussion, refer to Part I, Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”), we attempt to balance our responsibility as specialist, market-maker and broker-dealer with our overall capital resources. These requirements restrict our ability to make use of cash and other liquid assets for corporate actions, such as repaying our debt, repurchasing stock or making acquisitions.

As a broker-dealer, LaBranche & Co. LLC is subject to regulatory requirements intended to ensure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers and requiring the maintenance of minimum levels of net capital, as defined in SEC Rule 15c3-1. LaBranche & Co. LLC is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. NYSE Rule 326(c) also prohibits a broker-dealer from repaying subordinated borrowings, paying cash dividends, making loans to any parent, affiliates or employees, or otherwise entering into transactions which would result in a reduction of its total net capital to less than 150.0% of its required minimum capital. Moreover, broker-dealers are required to notify the SEC prior to repaying subordinated borrowings, paying dividends and making loans to any parent, affiliates or employees, or

 

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otherwise entering into transactions which, if executed, would result in a reduction of 30.0% or more of their excess net capital (net capital less minimum requirement). The SEC has the ability to prohibit or restrict such transactions if the result is deemed detrimental to the financial integrity of the broker-dealer. As of March 31, 2008, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s net capital, as defined, was $90.0 million, which exceeded the minimum requirements by $89.6 million.

The NYSE generally requires its specialist firms to maintain a minimum dollar regulatory capital amount in order to establish that they can meet, with their own NLA, their position requirement. As of March 31, 2008, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NYSE minimum required dollar amount of NLA, as defined, was $72.3 million, and its actual NLA, as defined, was $88.8 million. As of December 31, 2007, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s minimum required dollar amount of NLA, as defined, was $276.2 million and its actual NLA, as defined, was $300.1 million. LaBranche & Co. LLC thus satisfied its NLA requirement as of each of those dates.

The minimum required dollar amount of NLA fluctuates daily and is computed by adding two components. The first component is equal to $0.25 million for each one tenth of one percent (.1%), prior to February 2008 the first component was equal to $1.0 million for each one tenth of one percent (.1%), of the aggregate NYSE transaction dollar volume in a cash equities specialist organization’s allocated securities, as adjusted at the beginning of each month based on the prior month transaction dollar volume. The second component is calculated either by multiplying the average haircuts on a specialist organization’s proprietary positions over the most recent twenty days by three, or by using an NYSE-approved value at risk (“VAR”) model. Based on this two part calculation, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA requirement could increase or decrease in future periods based on its own trading activity and all other specialists’ respective percentages of overall NYSE transaction dollar volume.

In February 2008, the SEC approved, with immediate effect, an approximate 75% reduction in the required NLA that need to be maintained by cash equity specialists to transact business on the NYSE. This resulted in a reduction of our required NLA by approximately $205.0 million, of which $200.0 million has been moved to our holding company for other current or future corporate purposes. Pursuant to these NLA rules, LaBranche & Co LLC is entitled to use unrestricted shares of NYX stock as NLA, instead of cash for regulatory capital, subject to risk-based haircuts. As a result, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA as of March 31, 2008 includes approximately $51.3 million in NYX shares (after the risk-based haircuts). Since our $205.0 million NLA reduction was implemented in February 2008, the majority of the amended NLA requirement can be met by the NYX shares held by LaBranche & Co. LLC. The amended NLA requirements enabled LaBranche & Co. LLC to declare a dividend distribution of $200.0 million to us, which was paid in February and March 2008, and which left LaBranche & Co. LLC with $16.5 million in cash as a cushion over and above the NYX shares used to satisfy the continuing NLA requirement.

As a registered broker-dealer and member firm of the NYSE, LFS is also subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE. Under the alternative method permitted by this rule, the minimum required net capital is equal to the

 

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greater of $1.0 million or 2.0% of aggregate debit items, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LFS’ net capital, as defined, was $34.9 million and $16.6 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $33.9 million and $15.6 million, respectively.

As a clearing broker-dealer, LFS also is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-3, as adopted and administered by the SEC. As of April 2, 2008, to comply with its March 31, 2008 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.3 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, thus exceeding actual requirements by $0.6 million. As of January 3, 2008, to comply with its December 31, 2007 requirement, cash and U.S. Treasury Bills in the amount of $1.6 million were segregated in a special reserve account for the exclusive benefit of customers, exceeding actual requirements by $0.2 million.

As a registered broker-dealer and AMEX member firm, LSP is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC and the AMEX. LSP is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $100,000 or 1/ 15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSP’s net capital, as defined, was $101.5 million and $62.6 million, respectively, which exceeded minimum requirements by $99.8 million and $60.9 million, respectively. LSP’s aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was .25 to 1 and .41 to 1, respectively.

As a registered broker-dealer and AMEX and FINRA member firm, LSPD is subject to SEC Rule 15c3-1, as adopted and administered by the SEC, AMEX and FINRA. LSPD is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined, equivalent to the greater of $5,000 or 1/15 of aggregate indebtedness, as defined. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSPD’s net capital, as defined, was $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirement by $2.9 million and $3.0 million, respectively. LSPD’s aggregate indebtedness to net capital ratio on those dates was .00 to 1 and ..01 to 1, respectively.

As a registered broker dealer, LSPE is subject to the capital adequacy and capital resources as managed and monitored in accordance with the regulatory capital requirements of the Financial Services Authority (“FSA”). In calculating regulatory capital, the Company’s capital consists wholly of Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital is the core measure of a Company’s financial strength from a regulator’s point of view. It consists of the type of financial capital considered the most reliable and liquid, primarily Shareholder’s Equity. As of March 31, 2008 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $29.6 million which exceeded the total variable capital requirement by $11.5 million. At December 31, 2007 Tier 1 capital, as defined, was $14.2 million which resulted in a deficit of $1.2 million. The December 31, 2007 calculation did not include accumulated profits for the year ended December 31, 2007 which was in excess of the deficit. With those results now audited they can be included in Tier 1 regulatory capital. In addition, the Company had injected an additional $9.9 million of share capital in January 2008 further enhancing regulatory capital.

As a licensed corporation registered under the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance, LSPH is also subject to the capital requirements of the Hong Kong Securities and Futures (Financial Resources) Rules (“FRR”). The minimum paid-up share capital requirement

 

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is HKD 5,000,000 ($0.6 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007) and the minimum liquid capital requirement is the higher of HKD 3,000,000 ($0.4 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007) and the variable required liquid capital as defined in the FRR. The company monitors its compliance with the requirements of the FRR on a daily basis. As of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, LSPH’s liquid capital, as defined was $0.5 and $0.7 million, respectively, which exceeded its minimum requirements by $0.1 and $0.3 million, respectively.

Failure by any of our broker-dealer subsidiaries to maintain its required net capital and NLA, where applicable, may subject it to suspension or revocation of its SEC registration or its suspension or expulsion by the NYSE, the AMEX and/or any other exchange of which it is a member firm.

As evidenced by the foregoing requirements, our broker-dealer subsidiaries require a substantial amount of capital. In particular, even as amended, LaBranche & Co. LLC’s NLA requirement limits our ability to utilize a substantial portion of our liquid assets for other corporate purposes.

Cash Flows

Our cash and cash equivalents decreased $46.8 million to $457.8 million at the end of the first quarter of 2008. The decrease was primarily the result of the aggregate net effects of $81.8 million repayment of debt and $0.6 million for capital asset additions offset by $35.6 million net increase from operating activities comprised of cash flow of $10.0 million from operating income and a $25.6 million increase in working capital.

Credit Ratings

Our outstanding senior notes were originally sold in private sales to institutional investors on May 18, 2004, and substantially all these senior notes were subsequently exchanged for substantially identical senior notes registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, pursuant to the terms of our May 2004 debt refinancing. The following table sets forth the credit ratings on our registered outstanding senior notes as of March 31, 2008:

 

     Moody’s
Investors Service
   Standard &
Poor’s

2009 Senior Notes

   B2    B

2012 Senior Notes

   B2    B

In September 2007, Moody’s Investor Services changed its credit rating of our outstanding senior notes from B1 to B2 but continued a stable outlook due to our high quality balance sheet and improved liquidity. In September 2005, Standard & Poors improved its outlook on our outstanding senior notes to stable, while affirming our B rating, due to our improved debt service and liquidity positions.

 

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have a material current effect or that are reasonably likely to have a material future effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Contractual Obligations

During the first three months of 2008, there were no significant changes in our reported payments due under contractual obligations and disclosed contingent contractual obligations at December 31, 2007, as described in our 2007 Form 10-K.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Due to regulatory requirements that prescribe communication barriers between our broker-dealer subsidiaries, we employ different compliance risk management procedures at each such subsidiary. These risk processes are set forth below:

Our Cash Equities Specialist Risk Management Process

Because our cash equities specialist activities on the NYSE expose our capital to significant risks, managing these risks is a constant priority for us. Our central role in the HYBRID market helps us to manage risks by incorporating up-to-date market information in the management of our inventory, subject to our specialist obligations. We have developed a risk management process at our LaBranche & Co. LLC subsidiary that is designed to balance our ability to profit from our specialist activities with our exposure to potential losses and compliance risk. This risk management process includes participation by our corporate compliance committee, executive operating committee, floor management committee, post managers, floor captains, specialists and chief risk officer. These parties’ roles are as follows:

Corporate Compliance Committee. LaBranche & Co. LLC’s corporate compliance committee consists of representatives from executive and senior management, compliance personnel, including our on-floor compliance officer, our general counsel, our chief regulatory officer and several additional senior floor specialists, known as post managers. The role of the corporate compliance committee is to monitor and report to senior management on the statutory and regulatory compliance efforts of our specialist business. The corporate compliance committee also advises the compliance department in establishing, reviewing and revising our policies and procedures governing LaBranche & Co. LLC’s regulatory compliance structure.

Executive Operating Committee. Our executive operating committee is composed of two executive officers. This committee is responsible for approving all risk management procedures and trading guidelines for our specialist stocks, after receiving recommendations from our floor management committee. In addition, our executive operating committee reviews all unusual situations reported to it by our floor management committee.

 

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Floor Management Committee. Our NYSE floor management committee is currently composed of one senior floor manager, six post managers, one wheel manager and one floor administrative personnel manager. This committee is responsible for formulating and overseeing our overall risk management procedures and trading guidelines for each of our specialist stocks. In determining these procedures and guidelines, the floor management committee considers the recommendations of the floor captains. The post managers generally meet with their respective floor captains on a weekly basis to review and, if necessary, revise the risk management procedures and trading guidelines for particular specialist stocks. The wheel managers ensure that the floor is adequately staffed at all times. In addition, post managers, wheel managers and floor captains are always available on the trading floor to review and assist with any unusual trading situations reported by a floor captain, and the swat-team manager is available to assess and provide assistance on break-out, or intense trading situations. Our floor management committee reports to our executive operating committee about each of these trading situations as they occur. Our floor management committee also trains other specialists and trading assistants on a regular basis on new rules and/or interpretations from the NYSE with respect to our specialist obligations and guidelines, with the assistance of our compliance department.

Floor Captains. We currently employ four floor captains who monitor the activities of our cash equities specialists throughout the trading day from various positions at our trading posts. The floor captains observe trades and constantly review trading activities on a real-time basis. In addition, the floor captains are readily available to assist our specialists in determining when to deviate from procedures and guidelines in reacting to any unusual situations or market conditions. The floor captains report these unusual situations and any deviations from these procedures and guidelines to their respective post managers. Floor captains meet with each specialist at least once a week to evaluate each specialist’s adherence to our risk management procedures and trading guidelines, as well as to review compliance reports generated by the compliance department in monitoring and reviewing specialist trading activities. Floor captains also meet to review risk procedures and guidelines and, if appropriate, make recommendations to the floor management committee.

Specialists. Our specialists conduct electronic and, at times, manual auctions of our specialist stocks based upon the conditions of the marketplace. In doing so, specialists observe our risk management procedures and trading guidelines in tandem with their responsibility to create and maintain a fair and orderly market. Specialists promptly notify a floor captain of any unusual situations or market conditions requiring a deviation from our procedures and guidelines

On-Floor Compliance Officer. We also have an on-floor compliance officer that monitors the specialists’ compliance with NYSE rules throughout the day on an ad hoc basis. The on-floor compliance officer reports his findings and on general on-floor compliance initiatives on a daily basis to our equity specialist unit’s Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Executive Officer and provides summary updates of these efforts to the Corporate Compliance Committee on a monthly basis. In addition, we have at least one trading assistant at each post on the NYSE floor who is compliance-registered and able to review trading activities to monitor compliance with rules. Many of our compliance and risk management activities flow from the efforts of our on-floor compliance initiative.

 

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Electronic Exception Reports. We have implemented a system of electronic rule exception reports at our LaBranche & Co. LLC subsidiary to monitor our compliance with NYSE and SEC rules. These reports are generated on a daily basis, from one to three days after each trading day, and are the result of significant development efforts from our technology group, with advice of our compliance and legal staff. Our compliance staff reviews these exception reports daily, and in the event an exception is detected, the exception is researched in detail by our on-floor compliance officer or another compliance officer to determine if a compliance issue is found. If a compliance issue is detected, we make an effort to correct the problem and conduct training of our specialists and/or distribute compliance bulletins to ensure our specialists understand the rule and processes going forward. Certain detected issues are discussed at monthly compliance committee meetings.

We believe that enhancements we have made to our compliance procedures and guidelines, and on a continuous basis as circumstances warrant, have continued to improve our risk management process.

Circuit Breaker Rules. The NYSE has instituted certain circuit breaker rules intended to halt trading in all NYSE listed stocks in the event of a severe market decline. The circuit breaker rules impose temporary halts in trading when the Dow Jones Industrial Average drops a certain number of points. Current circuit breaker levels are set quarterly at 10, 20 and 30 percent of the Dow Jones Industrial Average closing values of the previous month, rounded to the nearest 50 points. These rules provide investors extra time to respond to severe market declines and provide us an additional opportunity to assure compliance with our risk management procedures.

Equity Market Financial Risk

We have developed a risk management process, which is intended to balance our ability to profit from our equity specialist activities with our exposure to potential losses. We have invested substantial capital, along with the NYSE, in real-time, on-line systems which give our management, including our chief risk officer, access to specific trading information during the trading day, including our aggregate long and short positions and our capital and profit-and-loss information on an aggregate or per issue basis. Subject to the specialist’s obligation to maintain a fair and orderly market and to applicable regulatory requirements, we constantly seek to manage our trading positions relative to existing market conditions.

Our equity specialist trading activities are subject to a number of risks, including risks of price fluctuations, rapid changes in the liquidity of markets and foreign exchange risk related to American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). In any period, we may incur trading losses or gains in our specialist stocks for a variety of reasons, including price fluctuations of our specialist stocks and fulfillment of our specialist obligations. Quantification of such losses or gains would not be meaningful as standard market studies do not capture our specialist obligations. From time to time, we may have large position concentrations in securities of a

 

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single issuer or issuers engaged in a specific industry. In general, because our inventory of securities is marked-to-market on a daily basis, any significant price movement in these securities could result in an immediate reduction of our revenues and operating profits.

Our Options, Futures and ETFs Specialist and Market-Making Risk Management Process

As specialists in options, ETFs and futures in our LSH group of entities, we have a responsibility to maintain a fair and orderly market, and trade securities as principal out of both obligation and inclination. Our options, ETFs, futures, U.S. Government obligations and foreign currency specialist trading exposes us to certain risks, such as price and interest rate fluctuations, volatility risk, credit risk, foreign currency movements and changes in the liquidity of markets.

Additionally, as a market-maker in options, ETFs and futures through our LSH Group of entities, we also trade as principal. In our market-making function, we bring immediacy and liquidity to the markets when we participate. Our market-making activities expose us to certain risks, including, but not limited to, price fluctuations and volatility.

In connection with our specialist and market-making activities, we are engaged in various securities trading and lending activities and assume positions in stocks, rights, options, ETFs, U.S. Government securities, futures and foreign currencies for which we are exposed to credit risk associated with the nonperformance of counterparties in fulfilling their contractual obligations pursuant to these securities transactions. We are also exposed to market risk associated with the sale of securities not yet purchased, which can be directly impacted by volatile trading on the NYSE, the AMEX and other exchanges. Additionally, in the event of nonperformance and unfavorable market price movements, we may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at a loss.

Our traders purchase and sell futures, options, the stocks underlying certain ETF and options positions, U.S. Government securities and foreign currencies in an attempt to hedge market and foreign currency risk. Certain members of management, including our chief risk officer, who oversee our options, futures and ETFs specialist and market making activities are responsible for monitoring these risks. These managers utilize a third-party software application to monitor specialist and market-making positions on a real-time basis. By monitoring actual and theoretical profit and loss, volatility and other standard risk measures, these individuals seek to insure that our traders operate within the parameters set by management. Furthermore, our aggregate risk in connection with our options, futures and ETFs trading is under constant evaluation by certain members of management and our traders, and all significant trading strategies and positions are closely monitored. When an unusual or large position is observed by the chief risk officer, he communicates the issue to senior management, who communicate with the trader to understand the strategy and risk management behind the trade and, if necessary, determine avenues to mitigate our risk exposure. Our options, futures and ETFs trading is executed on national and foreign exchanges. These trades clear through the Options Clearing Corporation, the National Securities Clearing Corporation or the applicable exchange clearing organization, which reduces potential credit risk.

 

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The following chart illustrates how specified movements in the underlying securities prices of the options, futures and ETFs in our specialist and market-making portfolios would have impacted profits and losses:

 

     Profit or (Loss) if the underlying securities move:
(000’s omitted)    -15.0%     -5.0%     0%    +5.0%    +15.0%

Portfolio as of:

            

December 31, 2007

   $ (5,193 )   $ (443 )   $ 0    $ 3,903    $ 12,259

March 31, 2008

   $ (3,331 )   $ (897 )   $ 0    $ 4,295    $ 24,456

The modeling of the risk characteristics of our trading positions involves a number of assumptions and approximations. While management believes that these assumptions and approximations are reasonable, there is no standard methodology for estimating this risk, and different methodologies would produce materially different estimates. The zero percent change column represents the profit or loss our options, futures and ETFs specialist operations would experience on a daily basis if the relevant market remained unchanged.

Foreign Currency Risk & Interest Rate Risk

In connection with the trading of U.S.-registered shares of foreign issuers in connection with our cash equities specialist operations, we are exposed to varying degrees of foreign currency risk. The pricing of these securities is based on the value of the ordinary securities as denominated in their local currencies. Thus, a change in a foreign currency exchange rate relative to the U.S. dollar will result in a change in the value of U.S.-registered shares in which we are the specialist.

Our ETF specialists and market-makers trade international ETFs that are denominated and settled in U.S. dollars, but the pricing of these ETFs is also affected by changes in the relevant foreign currency rates. We, therefore, hold various foreign currencies in order to lessen the risks posed by changing foreign currency exchange rates. In addition, LSP trades derivatives denominated in foreign currencies, which creates exposure to foreign currency risk.

The following chart illustrates how the specified movements in foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar to which our specialist and market-making activities are exposed would have impacted our profits and losses:

 

     Profit or (Loss) if the foreign currencies relative
to the U.S. dollar move:
 
(000’s omitted)    -15.0%     -5.0%     +5.0%     +15.0%  

Portfolio as of:

        

December 31, 2007

   $ (1,930 )   $ (643 )   $ 643     $ 1,930  

March 31, 2008

   $ 7,398     $ 2,466     $ (2,466 )   $ (7,398 )

The information in the above table is based on certain assumptions and it does not fully represent the profit and loss exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, security prices, volatility, interest rates and other related factors.

 

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As specialists and market makers in options, ETFs and futures, we generally maintain large specialist and market maker positions. Historically, we have been operating in a low and moderate interest rate market. As such, we may be sensitive to interest rate increases or decreases and/or widening credit spreads may create a less favorable operating environment for this line of business.

Concentration Risk

We are subject to concentration risk by holding large positions or committing to hold large positions in certain types of securities. As of March 31, 2008, our largest unhedged proprietary position is our NYX shares. This concentration does not arise in the normal course of business.

Institutional Brokerage Risk Management Process

Our institutional brokerage activities require that we execute transactions in accordance with customer instructions and accurately record and process the resulting transactions. Any failure, delay or error in executing, recording and processing transactions, whether due to human error or failure of our information or communication systems, could cause substantial losses for brokers, customers and/or us and could subject us to claims for losses.

Since June 8, 2007 our customer margin transactions have been executed through a major Wall Street clearing firm. These customer margin transactions are financed by the clearing firm based on our instructions. We are liable to the clearing firm for any losses incurred by the clearing firm in connection with our customers’ margin transactions.

Our past clearing activities (through June 8, 2007) included settling each transaction with both the contra broker and the customer. In connection with our institutional and direct access floor brokerage activities, a transaction was settled either when the customer paid for securities purchased and took delivery, or delivered securities sold for payment. Settling transactions for retail customers and professional investors involved financing the transaction until the customer made payment or, for margin accounts, advancing credit to the customer within regulatory and internal guidelines. Clearing direct access brokers’ transactions included guaranteeing their transactions to the contra broker on the exchange floor.

These clearing activities may have exposed us to off-balance sheet risk in the event customers or brokers were unable to fulfill their contractual obligations and it was necessary to purchase or sell securities at a loss. For margin transactions, we may have been exposed to off-balance sheet risk in the event margin requirements were not sufficient to fully cover losses that customers may have incurred in their accounts.

The amount of risk related to our execution and clearance activities was linked to the size of the transaction, market volatility and the creditworthiness of customers and brokers. Our largest transactions involved those for institutional and direct access floor brokerage customers.

 

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We systematically monitor our open transaction risk in connection with our institutional brokerage activities, starting when the transaction occurs and continuing until the designated settlement date. Transactions that remain unsettled after settlement date are scrutinized and necessary action to reduce risk is taken. Even under our new clearing arrangement with a major Wall Street firm, credit risk that could result from contra brokers defaulting is minimized since much of the settlement risk for transactions with brokers is essentially transferred to the National Stock Clearing Corporation. The credit risk associated with institutional and direct access clearing customers is minimized since these customers have been qualified by the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) or the DTC participants or have met the prime broker qualification standards at other brokerage firms. Before conducting business with a prospective customer, senior management that oversees our institutional brokerage operations, in conjunction with the related compliance department, reviews the prospective customer’s experience in the securities industry, financial condition and personal background, including a background check with a risk reporting agency, although some of this responsibility now is undertaken by our outsourced clearing firm.

The following chart illustrates how specified movements in the underlying securities prices in our institutional brokerage portfolios would have impacted profits and losses:

 

(000’s omitted)    Profit or (Loss) if the underlying securities move:
     15.0%     5.0%     0%    +5.0%    +15.0%

Portfolio as of:

            

December 31, 2007

   $ (53 )   $ (18 )   $ 0    $ 18    $ 53

March 31, 2008

   $ (113 )   $ (37 )   $ 0    $ 37    $ 113

Operational and Technology Risk

Operational risk relates to the risk of loss from external events, and from failures in internal processes or information systems. In each of our business segments, we rely heavily on our information systems in managing our risk. Accordingly, working in conjunction with the NYSE and other exchanges, we have made significant investments in our trade processing and execution systems. Our use of, and dependence on, technology has allowed us to sustain our growth over the past several years. Management members and floor captains at our NYSE cash equities specialist operations constantly monitor our positions and transactions in order to mitigate our risks and identify troublesome trends should they occur. The substantial capital we have invested, along with the NYSE, in real-time, on-line systems affords management instant access to specific trading information at any time during the trading day, including:

 

   

our aggregate long and short positions;

 

   

the various positions of each of our trading professionals;

 

   

our overall position in a particular stock; and

 

   

capital and profit-and-loss information on an aggregate, per specialist or per issue basis.

Our information systems send and receive data from the NYSE through dedicated data feeds. The NYSE supplies us with specialist position reporting system terminals both on the trading floor and in our offices. These terminals allow us to monitor our NYSE specialist trading profits and losses, as well as our positions. Our options, futures and ETFs specialist and market-making operations utilize a third-party software application to monitor our positions and profits and losses on a real-time basis.

 

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We internally develop and use significant proprietary trading technologies in our specialist and market-making segment in order to enhance our principal trading capabilities and manage risk in the increasingly evolving electronic marketplace. Our trading technologies are developed and maintained by our information technology personnel and their development process is subject to policies and procedures designed to mitigate the risk of technology design flaws and programming errors. These policies and procedures include, but are not limited to, policies concerning the techniques and manner by which new or enhanced trading technologies are implemented, segregation of duties among the developers, the quality assurance personnel and the individual who enters new trading technologies into production and, when possible, independent review of these technologies and procedures. Although these, and other, policies and procedures are designed to mitigate the risk of design, coding or other flaws or errors in our current and future trading technologies, we cannot assure you that these policies and procedures will successfully be followed or will timely and effectively detect such flaws or errors.

We have developed and implemented a business continuity plan, which includes a comprehensive disaster recovery plan. We have a back-up disaster recovery center in New York, outside of Manhattan as well as redundant trading facilities in London, England and Hong Kong.

Legal and Regulatory Risk

Substantial legal liability or a significant regulatory action against us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or cause significant harm to our reputation, which in turn could negatively affect our business prospects.

Our registered broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to certain regulatory requirements intended to insure their general financial soundness and liquidity. These broker-dealers are subject to SEC Rules 15c3-1, 15c3-3 and other requirements adopted and administered by the SEC and the NYSE.

The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 requires U.S. financial institutions, including banks, broker-dealers, futures commission merchants and investment companies, to implement policies, procedures and controls which are reasonably designed to detect and report instances of money laundering and the financing of terrorism. We actively monitor and update our anti-money laundering practices.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

There have been no material new developments in our legal proceedings since the March 17, 2008 filing of the 2007 Form 10-K, except as follows:

Sternlicht Demand. On April 17, 2008, our board of directors determined that pursuit by LaBranche & Co Inc. of the litigation demanded would not serve the best interests of us or our stockholders.

We believe that the claims asserted against us by the plaintiffs in the pending proceedings described in the 2007 Form 10-K and above are without merit, and we deny all allegations of wrongdoing. There can be no assurance, however, as to the outcome or timing of the resolution of these proceedings. We therefore are unable to estimate the amount or potential range of any loss that may arise out of these proceedings. The range of possible resolutions could include determinations and judgments against us or settlements that could require substantial payments by us that could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

In addition to the proceedings described in the 2007 Form 10-K and above, we and our operating subsidiaries have been the target, from time to time, of various claims, lawsuits and regulatory inquiries in the ordinary course of our and their respective businesses. While the ultimate outcome of those claims and lawsuits which currently are pending cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe, based on our understanding of the facts of these proceedings, that their ultimate resolution will not, in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2007 Form 10-K, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. There have been no material changes in the Risk Factors disclosed in our 2007 Form 10-K. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

 

Item 5. Other Information.

We have included in this Form 10-Q filing, and from time to time our management may make, statements which may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our quarterly and annual operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could

 

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materially and adversely affect actual results, including a decrease in trading volume on the exchanges on which we operate, changes in volatility in the equity and others securities markets and changes in the value of our securities positions. As a result of these and other factors, we may experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results and stock price. An investment in us involves various risks, including those mentioned above and those that are detailed from time to time in our SEC filings.

Certain statements contained in this report, including without limitation, statements containing the words “believe,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate” and words of similar import, also may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and since such statements involve risks and uncertainties, our actual results and performance and the performance of the specialist industry as a whole, may turn out to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We also disclaim any obligation to update our view of any such risks or uncertainties or to publicly announce the result of any revisions to the forward-looking statements made in this report.

 

Item 6. Exhibits.

 

31.1    Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2    Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1    Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008.
32.2    Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008.

All other items of this report are inapplicable.

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

May 12, 2008   LABRANCHE & CO INC.
  By:  

/s/ Jeffrey A. McCutcheon

  Name:   Jeffrey A. McCutcheon
  Title:   Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

 

Description of Exhibit

31.1   Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2   Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1   Certification of George M.L. LaBranche, IV, Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008.
32.2   Certification of Jeffrey A. McCutcheon, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, regarding the information contained in LaBranche & Co Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2008.

 

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