UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 20-F

 

¨ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

OR

 

¨ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Date of event requiring this shell company report ____________

 

For the transition period from ____________ to ___________

 

Commission File Number: 333-7480

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Bachoco Industries

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

 

The United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)

 

Avenida Tecnologico 401

Ciudad Industrial, 38010

Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
(Address of principal executive offices)

 

Daniel Salazar Ferrer

Avenida Tecnologico No. 401

Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010

Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico

Telephone: (+011-52-461-618-3555)

Facsimile: (+011-52-461-611-6502)

Email: inversionistas@bachoco.net

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
     

American Depositary Shares, each representing

twelve Series B Shares.

  New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding Shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

Series B Capital Stock:        600,000,000 Shares

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ¨    No x

 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes x    No ¨

 

Note: Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:

Yes x    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes x    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨                Accelerated filer x               Non-accelerated filer ¨

 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ¨ International Financial Reporting Other ¨
  Standards as issued by the International  
  Accounting Standards Board    x  

 

If “Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statements item the registrant has elected to follow:

Item 17 ¨    Item 18 ¨

 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨    No x

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 23 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by the court.

Yes ¨    No ¨

 

 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Page
PART I   7
ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers 7
ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable 7
ITEM 3. Key Information 7
A. Selected Financial Data 7
B. Capitalization and Indebtedness 10
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds 10
D. Risk Factors 10
ITEM 4. Information of the Company 16
A. History and Development of the Company 16
B. Business Overview 18
C. Organizational Structure 27
D. Property, Plant and Equipment 28
ITEM 4.A. Unresolved Staff Comments 30
ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects 30
A. Operating Results 30
B. Liquidity and Capital Resources 45
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. 48
D. Trend Information 48
E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements 49
F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations 49
G. Safe Harbor 50
ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees 50
A. Directors and Senior Management 50
B. Compensation 55
C. Board Practices 55
D. Employees 57
E. Share Ownership 57
ITEM 7. Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions 57
A. Major Shareholders 58
B. Related Party Transactions 59
C. Interests of Experts and Counsel 60
ITEM 8. Financial Information 60
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information 60
B. Significant Changes 61
ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing 62
A. Offer and Listing Details 62
B. Plan of Distribution 64
C. Markets 64
D. Selling Shareholders 65
E. Dilution 65
F. Expenses of the Issue 65

 

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ITEM 10. Additional Information 65
A. Share Capital 65
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association 65
C. Material Contracts 74
D. Exchange Controls 74
E. Taxation 74
F. Dividends and Paying Agents 80
G. Statement by Experts 80
H. Documents on Display 80
I. Subsidiary Information 81
ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 81
ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities 83
A. Debt Securities 83
B. Warrants and Rights 83
C. Other Securities 83
D. American Depository Receipts 83
     
PART II   85
ITEM 13. Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies 85
ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds 85
ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures 85
ITEM 16. [Reserved] 88
ITEM 16.A. Audit Committee Financial Expert 88
ITEM 16.B. Code of Ethics 88
ITEM 16.C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 88
ITEM 16.D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees 89
ITEM 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers 89
ITEM 16.F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant 90
ITEM 16.G. Corporate Governance 91
ITEM 16.H. Mine Safety Disclosure 96
     
PART III   96
ITEM 17. Financial Statements 96
ITEM 18. Financial Statements 96
ITEM 19. Exhibits 96
Index of Exhibits 96

 

iii
 

 

Introduction

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our two main subsidiaries are Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”), located in Mexico, and Bachoco USA, LLC (“Bachoco USA”) located in the United States of America (“United States” or “U.S.”).

 

References herein to “Bachoco,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “its” or the “Company” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.

 

Additionally, references herein to “OK Industries” or “OK Foods” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Bachoco USA and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.

 

We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States (“Mexico”), but we have operations in both Mexico and the U.S. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico 401, Ciudad Industrial, zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our main telephone number is +52 (461) 618 3500, or +52 (461) 618 3555.

 

Presentation of Information

 

Fiscal Year

 

The fiscal year for Bachoco and its subsidiaries in Mexico ends in December. The fiscal year for Bachoco USA and its subsidiaries in the U.S. ends in April each year. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of our consolidated financial statements, the accounting year period for all the Company’s subsidiaries ends on December 31.

 

Currency

 

Except as otherwise indicated, all data in the financial statements included below and in Item 18 (which together with the attached notes constitute our “Audited Consolidated Financial Statements”) and the selected financial information included throughout this Form 20-F (this “Annual Report”) have been presented in millions of nominal pesos unless otherwise indicated. References herein to “pesos” or “$”are to the lawful currency of Mexico.

 

References herein to “dollar”, or “USD$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America.

 

This Annual Report contains translations of certain peso amounts into dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise indicated, such dollar amounts have been translated from pesos at an exchange rate of $13.09 to USD$1.00 (one dollar), the exchange rate on December 31, 2013, according to the Banco de Mexico (or the “Central Bank”).

 

Accounting Practices

 

In January 2009, the Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (Mexican Banking and Securities Commission or “CNBV”) published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective as of January 1, 2012.

 

4
 

 

Following these amendments, on January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. At the same time, our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of January 1, 2011, were converted from Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) to IFRS to make them comparable to our financial statements for fiscal year 2012.

 

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB.

 

The rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as published by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). As such, while Bachoco has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the SEC.

 

Other References

 

Bachoco’s production volume is measured in “tons”, which term refers to metric tons of 1,000 kilograms, equal to 2,204.6 pounds; the term “billion” refers to one thousand million (1,000,000,000).

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

The body of generally accepted accounting principles is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a numerical measure of a company’s historical or financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the company; or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented.

 

The Company discloses in this Annual Report the so-called non-GAAP financial measures, EBITDA result, EBITDA margin, and Net debt. EBITDA result is defined as profit before income tax expense (benefit), financial income (expense), net and depreciation. EBITDA margin is defined as EBITDA result divided by total net revenues. Net debt is defined as long-term debt (including the current portion) minus cash and cash equivalents, primary financial instruments and derivative financial instruments. The non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA result and EBITDA margin are not a substitute for the GAAP measure of net income. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement the GAAP measure of net income by providing further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Additionally, the non-GAAP financial measure of Net debt is not a substitute for the GAAP measure of Total debt. Rather, this measure is provided as additional information to contemplate the GAAP measure of Total debt by providing further understanding of the Company’s debt obligations. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for an analysis of the Company’s financial performance, liquidity or debt obligations.

 

Company management believes that disclosure of these non-GAAP measures are an important supplemental measure of the Company’s operating performance and debt obligations because investors, financial analysts and other interested parties frequently use EBITDA and Net debt in the evaluation of other companies in the same industry in which the Company operates.

 

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Market Data

 

This Annual Report contains certain statistical information regarding the Mexican chicken, egg and balanced feed (or “feed”) markets. We have obtained this information from a variety of sources, including but not limited to; Union Nacional de Avicultores (the National Poultry Union or “UNA”), the Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or “CONAFAB”), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), and the Banco the Mexico, among others.

 

Other sources of statistical information used by the Company include Consejo Mexicano de Porcicultura (the Mexican Pork Council or “CMP”), Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentos (“Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food” or “SAGARPA”), among others.

 

The producers’ associations rely principally on data provided by their members. Information for which no source is cited was prepared by us on the basis of our knowledge of the Mexican chicken, egg, feed, turkey and swine markets and the wide variety of information available regarding these markets. The methodology and terminology used by different sources are not always consistent, and data from different sources are not readily comparable.

 

Forward-looking Statements

 

We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements in our periodic reports to the SEC on Forms 20-F and 6-K, in our annual report to stockholders, in offering circulars and prospectuses, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by one of our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others.

 

Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income (or loss), earnings (or loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios; (ii) statements of our plans, objectives or goals or those of our management, including those relating to new contracts; (iii) statements about future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

 

Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and a number of unexpected changes could cause actual results to deviate from our plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions. We recognize that the accuracy of our predictions and our ability to follow through on our intentions depend on factors beyond our control. The potential risks are many and varied, but include unexpected changes in: economic, weather and political conditions; raw material prices; competitive conditions; and demand for chicken, eggs, turkey, balanced feed, beef and swine.

 

6
 

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 3. Key Information

 

A.Selected Financial Data

 

The financial information set forth below is derived from our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in Item 18. We provide details on the figures and year-to-year changes in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

The tables below present our key financial information for the fiscal years indicated. Except as otherwise indicated, the amounts are presented in millions of nominal pesos, except per share amounts, which are presented in pesos.

 

INCOME STATEMENT DATA

In millions, for the year ended December 31,

 

   2013   2013   2012   2011 
   USD$   $   $   $ 
Net revenues   3,033.7    39,710.7    39,367.4    27,735.0 
Cost of sales   2,534.5    33,176.6    33,318.2    24,797.0 
Gross profit   499.2    6,534.1    6,049.2    2,938.0 
General, selling and administrative expenses   251.4    3,291.0    3,396.7    2,974.7 
Other income (expenses), net   2.3    30.7    (23.8)   1,000.0 
Operating income   250.1    3,273.8    2,628.8    963.2 
Net finance income   9.0    118.4    165.0    177.6 
Income tax   103.2    1,350.4    602.0    (38.6)
Controlling interest   155.7    2,038.4    2,184.6    1,177.3 
Non-controlling interest   0.3    3.4    7.2    2.1 
Profit for the year   156.0    2,041.8    2,191.8    1,179.4 
Basic and diluted earnings per share(1)    0.26    3.40    3.65    1.96 
Basic and diluted earnings per ADR(2)    3.12    40.84    43.80    23.52 
Dividends per Share(3)    0.12    1.584    0.50    0.50 
Weighted average Shares outstanding(4)    599,993    599,993    598,960    599,822 
(1)Calculated based on the weighted average number of basic and diluted shares. No potentially dilutive shares exist in any of the years presented, for which reason, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same.
(2)Each ADR represents twelve shares.
(3)Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average shares outstanding.
(4)In thousands of shares.

 

7
 

 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

In millions as of December 31

 

   2013   2013   2012   2011 
   USD$   $   $   $ 
Total assets   2,198.7    28,781.6    28,040.2    24,717.3 
Cash and cash equivalents   513.1    6,716.9    4,179.5    2,625.7 
Primary and derivative financial instruments   77.6    1,015.8    964.9    420.9 
Total liabilities   659.3    8,630.4    8,951.5    7,337.5 
Short-term debt(1)   42.6    557.6    1,197.1    1,453.0 
Long-term debt   115.4    1,510.2    1,526.6    384.4 
Total stockholders’ equity   1,539.4    20,151.1    19,088.7    17,379.8 
Capital stock   89.7    1,174.4    1,174.4    1,174.4 

(1) Includes notes payable to banks and current installments of long term debt.

 

MARGINS

In percentage, for the years ended December 31: 

   2013   2012   2011 
Gross margin   16.5%   15.4%   10.6%
Operating margin   8.2%   6.7%   3.5%
Margin for the year   5.1%   5.6%   4.3%

 

Other Indicators

 

The tables set below present key indicators.

 

VOLUME SOLD BY BUSINESS LINE

In thousands of tons, as of December 31, 

   2013   2012   2011   2010   2009 
Total sales volume:   1,771.1    1,861.6    1,606.3    1,473.3    1,418.4 
Poultry   1,429.2    1,485.2    1,205.9    1,125.8    1,061.5 
Others   341.9    376.4    400.4    347.5    356.9 

 

Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate and CETES

 

The chart below includes Mexican gross domestic product (“GDP”) and Inflation Rate data from 2009 to 2013, and the average interest rates on 28-day Mexican treasury bills (“CETES”), as provided by the Mexican Central Bank.

 

Gross Domestic Product

 

Mexico has historically experienced uneven periods of economic growth. Mexican gross domestic product, or GDP, increased by 5.5% in 2010, increased by 3.9% in 2011 and increased by 3.9% in 2012. Mexican GDP growth surpassed Mexican government forecasts in 2012 and the Mexican government estimated an increase in the Mexican GDP by 1.1% in 2013.

 

Interest Rate

 

Mexico historically has had, and may continue to have, high real and nominal interest rates. The interest rates on 28-day Mexican government treasury securities averaged 3.8%, 3.9% and 4.3% for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. High interest rates in Mexico could increase our financing costs and thereby impair our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

 

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Inflation Rate

 

In the past Mexico has experienced high levels of inflation, although the rates have been lower for more than a decade. The annual rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or NCPI, was 4.4% in 2010, 3.8% in 2011, 3.6% in 2012 and, according to statistics released by the Banco de Mexico, 3.97% in 2013. An adverse change in the Mexican economy may have a negative impact on price stability and result in higher inflation than its main trading partners, including the United States.

 

GDP, INFLATION RATE AND CETES DATA

 

Year  GDP   Inflation Rate   CETES 
2013   1.1%   3.97%   3.8%
2012   3.9%   3.57%   3.9%
2011   3.9%   3.82%   4.3%
2010   5.5%   4.40%   4.4%
2009   (6.5)%   3.57%   5.4%

 

On April 15, 2014, the 28 day CETES rate was 3.22%.

 

Exchange Rates

 

During 2009, although the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate depreciated during the first half of 2009, the peso stabilized and strengthened its position in the second half of 2009, leading the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate to appreciate 5.4% in 2009 with respect to the exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2008.

 

In 2010, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the dollar, appreciating approximately 5.3% since the end of 2009, while the inflation rate for 2010 was 4.40%.

 

During the first half of 2011, the exchange rate of the peso to the dollar was stable, showed an average rate of $11.89 per one dollar. This stability changed drastically during the second half of the year, were we observed a higher average rate peso-dollar of $12.97, with a final depreciation of 13.0% by the end of the year with respect to year-end of 2010.

 

In 2012, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the U.S. dollar, according to the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, with the average peso-dollar exchange rate being $13.15 and appreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar by 7.1% at year-end (or 7.9% according with Banco de Mexico’ statistics).

 

In 2013, the exchange rate of the peso against the dollar started the year strong with an upward trend, but ended the year with a slight depreciation of 1.0% compared with December 31, 2012.

 

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The following table sets forth the high, low, average and year-end exchange rates for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for periods indicated:

 

EXCHANGE RATE FOR THE LAST 5 YEARS

In pesos per one dollar 

   High   Low   Average(1)   Close 
   $   $   $   $ 
2013   13.43    11.98    12.76    13.10(1)
2012   14.37    12.63    13.15    12.96 
2011   14.25    11.51    12.43    13.95 
2010   13.19    12.16    12.62    12.38 
2009   15.41    12.63    13.50    13.08 
EXCHANGE RATE FOR THE LAST 6 MONTHS
March 2014   13.33    13.06    13.19    13.06 
February 2014   13.51    13.20    13.29    13.23 
January 2014   13.46    13.00    13.22    13.36 
December 2013   13.22    12.85    13.01    13.10(1)
November 2013   13.41    12.70    12.96    13.11 
October 2013   13.25    12.77    12.99    13.00 

Source: http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h10/Hist/dat00_mx.htm. 

(1)As of December 31, 2013, the exchange rate for the year end for the Banco de Mexico was $13.09 per one dollar.

 

On April 15, 2014, the exchange rate for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was $13.096 per one dollar.

 

B.Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

Not applicable.

 

C.Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

Not Applicable.

 

D.Risk Factors

 

The Company is exposed to a wide range of risks. Note that the order in which the below risks are described does not necessarily reflect the effect that any of the below risks would have on the Company.

 

Risks Related to Economic, Political and Regulatory Conditions

 

Bachoco’s core businesses are conducted in Mexico and in the United States and, therefore its performance depends among other factors, on the economic conditions prevailing in those countries, and particularly in Mexico. The Company's risk exposure related to economic conditions includes risks related to economic performance, exchange rates, interest rates, as well as other political, economic and social events that may negatively affect the Company's performance and may result in lower demand for, and lower real pricing of, our products.

 

10
 

 

Additionally, the Mexican economy continues to be heavily influenced by the U.S. economy, and therefore, deterioration in economic conditions in the U.S. economy may affect the Mexican economy. Prolonged periods of weak economic conditions in Mexico may have, and in the past have had, a negative effect on our Company and a material adverse effect on our results and financial condition.

 

Unfavorable economic conditions in Mexico or the United States, such as a recession or increases in interest and inflation rates could have an adverse effect on our financial performance.

 

If the Mexican or U.S. economies experience a high inflation rate, recession or economic slowdown, consumers may not be able to purchase our products as usual, especially in Mexico, where these factors have a direct impact on the consumers, and as a consequence our earnings may be adversely affected.

 

High interest rates in Mexico or in the U.S. could adversely affect our costs and our earnings due to the impact those changes have on our variable-rate debt instruments; on the other hand, we may benefit from the interest we earn on our cash balance. Mexico historically has had, and may continue to have, high real and nominal interest rates.

 

A strong variation in the exchange rates between the peso and dollar could negatively affect our financial results, as a greater percentage of our sales are made in pesos, and a large percentage of our raw material purchases are made in dollars.

 

Furthermore, the Company could be adversely affected by negative economic conditions prevalent in the U.S. or other countries, even when economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, as investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on our securities. Consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events taking place outside of Mexico or the U.S.

 

Political events and regulatory changes in Mexico, including transition to a new presidential administration, could affect Mexican economic conditions and as a consequence, negatively affect our operations.

 

The Company has operations in both Mexico and the U.S., but is incorporated under the laws of Mexico, and a greater percentage of our sales are made in Mexico. Accordingly we foresee an impact mainly from negative developments in the political, regulatory and economic conditions in Mexico.

 

Mexican political events may significantly affect our operations. On July 2012, the presidential election in Mexico led to the election of a new president and political party, Enrique Peña Nieto of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional. Mexico’s new president has started to implement significant changes in laws, public policy and regulations that could eventually affect Mexico’s political and economic situation. Any such changes may have an adverse effect on our business. For example, President Enrique Peña Nieto has proposed energy and fiscal reforms, among others, in order to foster economic growth. Secondary Rules of these reforms still are in process and it is still unclear the effect these and other possible reforms may have on the Mexican economy.

 

Political disagreements between the executive and the legislative branches could result in deadlock and prevent the timely implementation of political and economic reforms. We cannot provide any assurances that political developments in Mexico, over which we have no control, will not have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results.

 

Although the recent U.S. presidential election did not result in a change of the nations' leadership, any political or regulatory change in the U.S. regarding Mexico, may also affect the economic conditions in Mexico and, as a consequence, affect our financial performance.

 

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Government regulations in Mexico and the U.S. could cause a material increase in the Company's costs of operations and thus could have a negative impact on our results of operations.

 

Every region that Bachoco operates is subject to extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations that govern the production, packaging, storage, moving and marketing in the food industry and the poultry industry in particular, including several provisions relating to the discharge of materials into the environment.

 

We may be subject to fines, closures of our facilities, asset seizures, injunctions or criminal sanctions if we are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be non-compliant with any of the applicable laws and regulations.

 

The adoption of new regulations or changes in the prevailing regulatory environment governing the food industry may entail restrictions in the daily operation of our Company, or increases in our expenses or production costs, conditions that could negatively affect our financial results.

 

Additionally, the imposition of new taxes or changes in the existing tax rates in Mexico or the U.S. could have an adverse impact on our operations and, as a result, negatively affect our financial results.

 

Risks Related to Bachoco and the Poultry Industry

 

The poultry industry in Mexico and the U.S., as well as the chicken industry in other countries has undergone cyclical periods of higher prices and profitability, followed by overproduction, leading to periods of lower prices and profitability.

 

The market that we serve is subject to volatility with respect to supply and raw material prices, which affects our product prices. We cannot assure you that future cyclicality, excess supply, increases in main raw materials prices, or downturns in real prices will not adversely affect our financial results.

 

The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of grains used to prepare balanced feed, including sorghum and corn, and some other ingredients such as: soybean meal and marigold extract, among others.

 

Increase or volatility in main raw materials prices may adversely affect or operating and financial results.

 

The price of most of these raw materials is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather conditions, the size of harvests, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates, transportation, storage costs, and other factors.

 

Furthermore, the cost of corn in the U.S. may be affected by an increase in the demand of ethanol, which can reduce the supply of corn in the U.S. market, adversely affecting our operations in the U.S.

 

High prices or volatility in main raw materials, could adversely affect our production costs and as a consequence our financial results.

 

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Supply, demand and the prices we are able to charge for our products may fluctuate due to competition from other food producers and the economic performance in the countries we are present may adversely affect our operating and financial results.

 

Excess in chicken or eggs supply caused by increases in production from our competitors coupled with a weak demand for our products in the markets we operate may result in a downturn in prices for these products, and as a result, our operating margins and financial results could be negatively affected.

 

We face competition from other chicken producers in all markets in which we sell our products. These chicken producers have the financial resources and operating strengths to directly compete with our Company. We expect to continue to face strong competition in every market, as our existing or new competitors are likely to broaden their product lines and extend their geographic markets. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our performance will not be adversely affected by increased competition.

 

Raising animals and meat processing involve animal health and disease control risks, which can have an adverse impact on our results of operations.

 

Our operations in Mexico and in the U.S. depend on raising animals and meat processing, which are subject to risks such as diseases (like different types of influenza) and contamination during production, packaging, storage or distribution processes.

 

Live chickens and swine are susceptible to infections by a variety of microbiological agents that may result in higher mortality rates, affecting our earnings and financial results.

 

Our chicken, turkey, beef and eggs products are subject to contamination during processing, packaging, distribution or conservation. Potential contamination of our products during processing, however, could affect a larger number of our products, which may have a significant impact on our results.

 

Natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes or earthquakes, may result in additional losses of inventory and damage to our plants and equipment.

 

Natural disasters could significantly damage our facilities. Our facilities in Mexico are susceptible mainly to earthquakes and hurricanes. Our facilities near Mexico’s coast are most vulnerable to the risk of severe weather. Our U.S. facilities are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma, a region vulnerable to being hit by tornadoes. Extensive damage to these facilities could affect our ability to conduct our regular production, as a result, reduce our operation results.

 

Our growth through mergers, acquisitions or joint ventures may be impacted by challenges in integrating significant acquisitions.

 

We have made in the past, and may make in the future, certain acquisitions in order to continue our growth. Acquisitions involve risks, including, among others, the following: failure of acquired businesses to achieve expected results; inability to retain or hire key personnel of acquired businesses; inability to retain the same client and supplier base; and inability to achieve expected synergies and/or economies of scale. If we are unable to successfully integrate or manage our acquired businesses, we may not realize anticipated cost savings and revenue growth, which may result in reduced profitability or losses.

 

Elimination of tariff barriers may adversely affect our performance.

 

U.S. producers may increase exports to Mexico as chicken, eggs and swine are free of import quotas to Mexico according to the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). Poultry producers in the United States have developed low cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States a condition that could have a material adverse effect on our performance in Mexico.

 

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Regulations on animal health and environmental changes in Mexico could affect Mexican poultry industry conditions and as a consequence negatively affect the Company.

 

Our processes are subject to several animal health and environmental regulations that include animal raising, transportation, packaging, storage and distribution regulations. Drastic changes in any of these regulations could negatively affect our daily operations and inability to supply our products, and as a consequence affect our financial results. It also may include the implementation of new processes or equipment to comply with the new regulations, condition that may negatively affect our liquidity, as our capital investments could increase.

 

Our inability to maintain good relationships with our work force and its labor union, may affect our processes and as a consequence our financial results.

 

If we are unable to maintain good relations with our employees and with our labor union we may be faced with significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems, a condition that may affect our processes and our operating results.

 

Risks relating to Bachoco’s investors and its American Depositary Receipts (or ADRs)

 

The Robinson Bours family owns 73.25% of our total shares outstanding and their interests may differ from other security holders. With that percentage they hold the power to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors and have the power to determine the outcome of certain other actions requiring the approval of our stockholders, including whether or not dividends are to be paid and the amount of such dividends.

 

The Company trades its ADR’s on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) with each ADR representing twelve common shares.

 

The prevailing market prices for the ADRs and the Shares could decline if the Robinson Bours family sold substantial amounts of their Shares, whether directly, or indirectly, through two Mexican trusts through which they hold their Shares, or if the perception arose that such a sale could occur. See Item 7 for more details about the Company’s trusts.

 

The market value of our securities may be affected by economic and market conditions prevailing in any other country, although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico. Investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse perception and consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events elsewhere.

 

Payment of cash dividends may be affected by the exchange rate of the peso versus the dollar.

 

Because we pay cash dividends in pesos, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of ADRs upon conversion of such cash dividends by The Bank of New York Mellon, who acts as our Depositary Bank.

 

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The protection afforded to non-controlling stockholders in Mexico is different from that in the U.S.

 

Under Mexican law, the protection afforded to minority stockholders is different from those in the United States. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions, and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice it may be more difficult for the minority stockholders of Bachoco to enforce their rights against us or our directors or our controlling stockholder than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.

 

Our bylaws restrict the ability of non-Mexican stockholders to invoke the protection of their governments with respect to their rights as stockholders.

 

As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non Mexican stockholders shall be considered as Mexicans with respect to their ownership interests in Bachoco and shall be deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of their governments in certain circumstances. Under this provision, a non-Mexican stockholder is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the U.S. securities laws, with respect to its investment in Bachoco. If you invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, your Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.

 

Our bylaws may only be enforced in Mexico.

 

Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to the execution, interpretation or performance of the bylaws may be brought only in Mexican courts. As a result, it may be difficult for non-Mexican stockholders to enforce their stockholder rights pursuant to the bylaws.

 

It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling persons.

 

We are organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to affect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them. This pertains also to any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.

 

Non-Mexican stockholders may not be entitled to participate in future preemptive rights offerings.

 

Under Mexican law and our bylaws, if we issue new Shares for cash as part of a capital increase, we must grant our stockholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of Shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage in the Company (“preemptive rights”). We can allow holders of ADRs in the United States to exercise preemptive rights in any future capital increase only in one of the following two circumstances: (i) we file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to that future issuance of Shares; or (ii) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

 

We make no promises that we will file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to allow holders of ADRs in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. As a result, the equity interests of such holders in the Company may be diluted proportionately. In addition, under current Mexican law, it is not practicable for the depositary to sell preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds from such sales to ADR holders.

 

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Corporate disclosure and accounting in Mexico may differ from other countries.

 

There may be less, or different, publicly available information about issuers of securities in Mexico than is regularly published by or about issuers of securities in other countries with highly developed capital markets. In addition, due to country-by-country differences in accounting and other reporting principles and standards, our corporate disclosures may differ in content from disclosures made under other principles and standards.

 

ITEM 4. Information of the Company

 

A.History and Development of the Company

 

The Company was legally formed in Mexico as Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., on April 17, 1980, in Obregon, State of Sonora, Mexico, and is frequently referred to as Bachoco.

 

We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States, but we have operations in both Mexico and the U.S. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico 401, Ciudad Industrial, zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone number is +52 (461) 618 3500 and +52 (461) 618 3555.

 

Our investor relations agent in the United States is I-advize Corporate Communications, located at 82 Wall Street, Suite 805 in New York, New York.

 

Our main business line is poultry, which includes chicken and eggs. The Company also produces and sells a wide range of other products that include, but are not limited to, balanced feed, live swine, beef and turkey value-added products.

 

Important events in the development of the Company’s business

 

We were founded in 1952 and have grown from a small commercial table egg operation in the state of Sonora, into a vertically integrated Company and the leading poultry company in Mexico as well as, in our opinion, one of the most important poultry companies worldwide.

 

In 1963, we started operations in the cities of Navojoa, Los Mochis and Culiacan, producing just table eggs. In 1971, we commenced the production of chicken in an operating facility that we opened in the city of Culiacan.

 

In 1974, we established a new complex in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. Our products were widely accepted in that region, which led us to open offices and distribution centers in Mexico City. In 1993, we moved our headquarters from the Obregon to Celaya city, and opened a new complex in the city of Techamalco, in the Southeast of Mexico.

 

In 1994, we continued expanding our coverage, this time with a new complex in Lagos de Moreno city, in the Western Mexico. By 1994, we had four productive complexes strategically located throughout Mexico and an important presence in the Mexican poultry market share.

 

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In September 1997, we began trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange (or “BMV”) and on the NYSE, with 600 million shares outstanding and a free float of 17.25%, the remaining 82.75% is held since that year by the Robinson Bours Family through two Control trusts.

 

Furthermore, in December, 1999, we acquired Campi. With this acquisition we entered the chicken market in the South of Mexico, starting a new business line selling balanced feed to third parties. In 2001, we established our sixth productive complex in Gomez Palacio city, located in the Northeast of Mexico.

 

In December 2006, we acquired most of the assets and inventories of Del Mezquital to start a new complex in Hermosillo city, located in Northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States. In 2007, through a business agreement with Grupo Libra and Grupo Agra we entered in a new business, the sales of turkey and beef value added products, and increased our production capacity of table eggs. Both Companies are located in Northeast Mexico.

 

In 2009, we made diverse business agreements with a companies located at the Northeast of Mexico; to improve capacity and efficiency in our Northeast production complex headquartered in Monterrey, we; (i) acquired the assets of a balanced feed mill and a soybean processing plant from Productora de Alimentos Pecuarios de Nuevo Leon (ii) acquired the assets of a chicken processing plant from Avi Carnes Monterrey (iii) entered into agreements to rent breeder farms and egg incubation plants from Reproductoras Asociadas, and one-day-old breeder capacity farms and egg incubation plants from Produccion Avicola Especializada; and (iv) made arrangements with contract growers to acquire their inventories.

 

In August 20, 2011, we acquired Trosi de Carnes, S.A. de C.V. (or “Trosi”) business; this facility is located in Monterrey, Northern Mexico. Trosi produces and sells processed beef and chicken.

 

On November 1, 2011, the Company entered the U.S. market and increased its export business with the acquisition of the American poultry company, OK Foods. This company has operations across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It supplies grocery retailers, food service distributors and commodity customers throughout the U.S. as well as foreign markets. Our U.S. subsidiary, Bachoco USA, is the holding company of OK Foods.

 

In December 2011, the Company carried out a transaction to buy certain property assets of Mercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (or “MACSA”), whereby, the Company reinforced its presence in the State of Baja California in Mexico, with three distributions centers.

 

In July 2013, the Company reached an agreement to acquire the Arkansas breeding assets of Morris Hatchery Inc., a U.S. company. These assets comprise mainly equipment and bird inventory (laying hens that produce hatching eggs). For more detail regarding this last acquisition please see Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.

 

Capital Expenditures

 

During the last two years we have financed most of our capital expenditures with resources generated by our operations.

 

Following is a summary of the capital expenditures incurred by the Company during periods mentioned therein with the amounts having been computed under IFRS.

 

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In 2013, we made capital expenditures of $587.4 million which was mainly allocated toward productivity projects in our chicken farms and in some of our processing plants, increasing eggs production capacity, additional IT systems, replacement of our transportation fleet and, of other equipment in all of our facilities .

 

In 2012, we made capital expenditures of $951.8 million that are used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the U.S. and Mexico.

 

In 2011 we made capital expenditures of $707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. Additionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and updated our transportation fleet.

 

At present, as part of its regular course of business, the Company continues with its replacement of equipment and productivity projects.

 

B.Business Overview

 

General

 

Bachoco owns and manages more than a thousand facilities, organized in nine production complexes and 64 distribution centers in Mexico, and one production complex in the United States.

 

We participate in the food industry in Mexico and in the U.S., mainly in the poultry industry.

 

We are the leader in the Mexican poultry industry, and one of the largest poultry producers globally. In 2011, we entered the U.S. chicken market through our acquisition of OK Foods.

 

In Mexico, our core business is poultry (chicken and egg products), but we also produce and sell a wide range of other products which we refer to as “other business lines” which include, among others, the production and selling of balanced feed, live swine, beef and turkey value-added products, as well as a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry.

 

Sales generated by these other business lines, except for the balanced feed sales on an individual basis, do not represent more than 1.0% of our total sales. Balanced feed represents 4.6% of our total sales in 2013.

 

In the United States, our sole business line is chicken products.

 

In the recent years, we have not experienced material changes in the development or production of our products.

 

Principal Markets

 

We operate mainly in Mexico and in the U.S. We estimate that we are the biggest producer of chicken products in Mexico. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 35.0% of the Mexican chicken market and are the second largest producer of eggs with an estimated market share of approximately 5.6%. We currently estimate that we have a 2.8% market share in the balanced feed products.

 

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As noted previously, in the U.S. we produce and distribute chicken products only. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 2.0% of this market.

 

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES

In millions of pesos, for the year ended December 31,

 

   2013   2012   2011 
   $   %   $   %   $   % 
Net Revenues   39,710.7    100.0    39,367.4    100.0    27,735.0    100.0 
Poultry   35,943.9    90.5    35,797.2    90.9    24,697.2    89.0 
Others   3,766.8    9.5    3,570.3    9.1    3,037.80    11.0 

 

Our poultry business is our largest business lines in terms of revenues. Within our poultry business, our main products are chicken and eggs, which are described in more detail in the following paragraphs. Within our “Others” segment, our main product is balanced feed, which is also described in more detail in the following paragraphs.

 

Overview of the Chicken Industry in Mexico

 

According to the UNA, chicken products are the main source of protein consumed in Mexico.

 

Mexico is among the ten main chicken producers worldwide, with an estimated production of 2,905.5 thousand tons of chicken meat in 2013, and a per capita consumption of 24.9 kilograms a year, a slight decrease when compared to 25.8 kilograms for the year 2012.

 

Fresh chicken is the most popular meat consumed in Mexico. According to the UNA more than 90% of chicken is sold fresh, and just a small percentage is sold frozen and with value added (marinated, breaded, partially cooked and fully cooked, among others). These products have found limited acceptance among Mexican consumers due to historical consumer preferences for fresh chicken.

 

We estimate that we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer with around 35.0% market share, and when combined with our two largest vertically integrated competitors in Mexico, we account for approximately 59.0% of total Mexican poultry production.

 

According to the USDA, Mexico is a main destination for U.S. chicken exports. Chicken imports from the U.S. have increased from 204.1 thousand tons in 2008 (when restrictions for leg quarters imports were phased out in January 2008) to approximately 390.0 thousand tons in 2013. This increase was due to the decrease in Mexican production and lower price levels in the U.S. and other foreign markets.

 

Chicken products in Mexico are classified into six main categories: live, public market, rotisserie, supermarket broiler, chicken parts and value-added products. Bachoco operates in all these categories.

 

For a better understanding of the chicken market in Mexico following is a brief description of each category of chicken products:

 

-Live chicken is sold alive to small independent slaughtering operations or to wholesalers that contract with independent slaughtering operations for processing.

 

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-Public market chicken is a whole broiler presented either un-eviscerated or eviscerated, generally sold within 48 hours after slaughter. This product is sold to consumers without any packaging or brand identification.

 

-Rotisserie chicken is a whole broiler presented eviscerated and ready to cook.

 

-Supermarket chicken is a fresh whole broiler presented with the edible viscera packed separately.

 

-Chicken cuts refers to cut-up fresh chicken parts sold wrapped in trays or in bulk principally to supermarket chains, the fast-food industry and other institutional food service providers.

 

-Value-added products refer mainly to cut-up fresh chicken parts with value-added treatment like marinating, breading and individual quantity frozen.

 

We operate in all these chicken categories; our product mix varies from region to region, reflecting different consumption and distribution patterns.

 

SALES AND VOLUME OF CHICKEN BY CATEGORY
In 2013  Industry /volume (1)   Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Live   n/a    36%   29%
Public market   n/a    13%   13%
Rotisserie   n/a    26%   27%
Supermarket   n/a    5%   5%
Chicken parts   n/a    12%   15%
Value-added products   n/a    8%   11%
In 2012  Industry /volume(2)    Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Live   33%   36%   30%
Public market   19%   13%   13%
Rotisserie   26%   27%   28%
Supermarket   12%   5%   5%
Chicken parts   6%   10%   12%
Value-added products   4%   8%   11%
In 2011  Industry /volume(2)    Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Live   33%   36%   29%
Public market   20%   14%   14%
Rotisserie   26%   27%   27%
Supermarket   12%   5%   5%
Chicken parts   6%   12%   16%
Value-added products   3%   6%   9%
(1)Industry information for 2013 is not available as of the date of this report.
(2)Source: UNA.

 

Overview of the Chicken Industry in the U.S.

 

According to the USDA and the UNA, chicken is the main protein consumed in the U.S., but unlike in Mexico, most of the chicken is sold to producers uncut, and the cuts are mainly sold frozen and with value-added (more than 85%). This is due to a large increase in demand for the three main components of chicken: the breast, wing, and leg quarters, respectively.

 

The U.S. is the world’s largest producers of chicken. Its annual production is estimated at 17.2 million tons or 37.8 billion pounds in 2013 a 2.1% increase over the 16.8 million tons produced in 2012, and its per capita consumption is also one of the highest worldwide, per annum, estimated at 43.6 kilograms (around 96.0 pounds).

 

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The U.S. chicken industry is more consolidated and vertically integrated. Most producers of chicken use state-of-the-art technology in its processes. It is estimated that the main four chicken producers account for 52% of the total chicken production in the U.S.

 

Another characteristic of the chicken industry in the U.S. is the use of contract growers, with more than 85% of chicken produced by contract growers. Such production consists of providing the growers with chickens, balanced feed, vaccines, medicines and training required for the growing of chickens. The grower supplies its facilities and labor required in order to bring the chickens to slaughter-ready weight. The contract grower is then paid based on the productivity and efficiency of its flock.

 

Brazil and the U.S. are the main exporters of chickens worldwide, and their main destinations are Mexico, China, Russia and the Middle East, among other countries. We estimate that our market share is around 2.0% in the U.S.

 

Overview of the Egg Industry in Mexico

 

According to the UNA, Mexico has the largest per capita consumption of eggs (or “table eggs”) in the world.

 

There is an estimated per capita consumption of around 21.9 kilograms for 2013, compared to 20.8 kilograms in 2012.

 

Mexico’s 2013 annual egg production is estimated at 2,532.0 million tons, an increase of 6.1% as compared with 2,386.6 million tons produced in 2012.

 

When compared to other protein sources, eggs are among the cheapest sources of protein in Mexico. The egg industry is more fragmented than the chicken industry.

 

Table eggs in Mexico are classified in three main categories: bulk, packaged and processed.

 

-Bulk is distributed in large 360 egg cases.

 

-Packaged in branded packages of mainly 12, 18, 24 or more eggs.

 

-Processed is liquid or powdery eggs used mainly by the bakery industry.

 

Bachoco participates in the bulk and packaged categories of eggs but does not participate in the processed market.

 

We estimate that we are the second largest producer of table eggs in Mexico. In 2013, we produced 5.6% of the total eggs produced in Mexico in terms of tons. We sell both brown and white eggs. We estimate that we are the largest producer of brown eggs in Mexico, and the largest marketer of packaged eggs with brand identification.

 

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In 2013, 2012 and 2011, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:

 

SALES AND VOLUME OF EGG BY CATEGORY
 
In 2013  Industry /volume (1)    Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Bulk   n/a    40%   36%
Packaged   n/a    60%   64%
Processed   n/a    0%   0%
In 2012  Industry /volume (2)    Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Bulk   80%   42%   38%
Packaged   14%   58%   62%
Processed   6%   0%   0%
In 2011  Industry /volume (2)    Bachoco /volume   Bachoco /sales 
Bulk   80%   45%   34%
Packaged   14%   55%   66%
Processed   6%   0%   0%
(1)Industry information for 2013 is not available as of the date of this report.
(2)Source: UNA.

 

Overview of the Balanced Feed Market in Mexico

 

According to the Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimento Balanceado y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. ( ”CONAFAB”), Mexico is among the ten biggest producers of balanced feed worldwide.

 

According to CONAFAB, it is estimated that 29,120 thousand tons of balanced feed were produced in Mexico in 2013, a slight increase from 28,439 thousand tons of balanced feed produced in 2012.

 

Producers of balanced feed are classified as either commercial or integrated; commercial manufacturers produce for the market while integrated manufacturers mostly produce for themselves and occasionally for other producers.

 

Bachoco participates in both channels, integrated and commercial, as it produces balanced feed used for internal consumption as well as balanced feed it ultimately sells to third parties.

 

In 2013, it is estimated by CONAFAB that the production mix between commercial and integrated is about 38% and 62%, respectively. This mix has not changed much over the past several years.

 

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net volume sold of balanced feed:

 

BALANCED FEED VOLUME SOLD
Thousands of tons 
Production (1) 
   Bachoco’s Production   Estimated
Market Share
 
2013(2)   11,182    316    2.8%
2012   10,914    351    3.2%
2011   10,518    379    3.6%

(1) According to CONAFAB, balanced feed produced by commercial producers in Mexico.

(2) CONAFAB estimates

 

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Seasonality Effects

 

The poultry industry worldwide is very susceptible to price changes in its main raw materials, such as corn, soybean meal and sorghum. As a result, the industry is characterized by cyclical periods of higher profitability leading to overproduction followed by periods of lower prices and lower profitability.

 

Our sales are moderately seasonal in Mexico. Generally, we experience the highest levels of sales in the second and fourth quarters due to higher chicken consumption during the holiday seasons.

 

As for our sales in the U.S., there is slightly less seasonality due to the mix of products offered in the market, but breast meat prices are typically higher in the second and third quarters and wings are more in demand in the fourth and first quarters.

 

Pricing for chicken and eggs products

 

Chicken and eggs are considered a commodity item. Changes to the supply or demand, and changes in raw material prices can directly impact in sale prices, and as a result affect the profitability of main producers. Another factor that impacts chicken pricing mainly in U.S. is the international demand.

 

Main Raw Materials and Sources of Supply

 

As a vertically integrated company our processes start in our main business lines with production of balanced feed, as well as with the buying of grandparent breeder flocks.

 

Our production of chicken processes starts with the purchasing of one-day birds called “grandparent” birds. These birds are raised to maturity in our farms where fertile eggs are produced to continue through our production processes. Grandparent birds are bought mainly in the U.S. and also in some other countries from genetic bird firms.

 

The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of balanced feed raw materials, mainly grain (corn and sorghum), as well as soybean meal used to prepare balanced feed. We operate our own feed mills to produce balanced feed for both; individual business consumption as well as to sell to third parties.

 

The prices of these ingredients are subject to significant volatility resulting from weather, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates and other factors. The Company engages in hedging of its feed costs in order to assure more stable cost of grains.

 

In Mexico, domestic crops are limited, therefore a large percentage of our raw materials are imported from the U.S. In 2013, in terms of volume, we bought approximately 48.5% of our total grain from the domestic market and the remaining 51.5% from the U.S.

 

Marketing Channels Used by the Company

 

Marketing and Distribution of Chicken Products in Mexico

 

We have developed an extensive distribution system to participate in all the existing distribution channels of chicken and eggs products. We consider our distribution system one of the Company’s strengths, where we have developed extensive expertise and knowledge of the business.

 

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We participate and operate in all the following marketing channels:

 

-Live Chicken. Unlike most other countries, Mexico has a large marketing channel of live chicken which mainly operates in the central and southern regions of Mexico.

 

-Wholesalers. Large percentages of our chicken sales operate via wholesalers. The main products marketed in this channel are live and public market chicken as well as rotisserie. We do not have exclusive supply agreements with our customers.

 

-Institutional. We sell a large amount of product to institutional customers. We mainly sell chicken cuts and rotisserie chicken in the institutional channel. Success in supplying the institutional channel depends on consistency and good service, and only larger producers with more modern processing facilities and distribution capacity can compete in this market.

 

-Supermarket. We sell cuts and value-added products as well as supermarket chicken types through supermarket channels or convenience stores. In this channel we emphasize our brand image as well as our superior service, reinforced by frequent delivery to ensure freshness, to build consumer’s loyalty.

 

-Retail. A wide range of products are sold under this marketing channel that goes from the live chicken to value-added or public market and supermarket chicken type. The Company supplies several points of sale that directly sell these products to the customers.

 

We use our own fleet to transport the majority of rotisserie chickens, supermarket broilers and other chicken products to our customers in Mexico. We try to cooperate with existing distribution channels and do not compete with wholesale distributors, except in areas where we supply our own distribution capacity where needed for market penetration.

 

We distribute products from our processing plants to our cold-storage facilities and warehouses, which serve as a midpoint in distribution to wholesalers and local customers. From our cold-storage facilities, we service wholesalers, retailers and transport certain products directly to supermarkets and food-service operations. Our distribution infrastructure includes more than 64 cold-storage warehouses and facilities and a large fleet of vehicles.

 

Marketing and Distribution of Chicken Products in the U.S.

 

Our U.S. operations which lie across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma produce only chicken products. Those plants mainly supply grocery retailers, food service distributors, national accounts and commodity customers throughout the U.S. The U.S. complex also services the foreign market and exports to several countries including those in Asia, Russia and Mexico. Our distribution line through this plant is handled mainly through third parties.

 

Marketing and Distribution of Eggs Products in Mexico

 

Eggs are mostly sold packaged with brand identification. We sell white and brown eggs; the branded carton of brown eggs is a premium product in the Mexican market, because consumers perceive them to be of higher quality. Brown eggs command a small premium over white eggs.

 

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In some regions, however, we have reallocated part of our production from brown eggs to white eggs due to local market preferences. Our marketing strategy in the eggs business is to gradually move from bulk to packaged white eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuation and create brand loyalty.

 

We have designed our egg distribution system to transport eggs from our laying farms to customers in all sales regions.

 

-Wholesalers. We sell eggs in bulk; these wholesalers operate mainly in central Mexico. This product is sold to consumers mainly by kilogram and not by unit.

 

-Institutional. We sell eggs in bulk in this institutional marketing channel.

 

-Supermarket. We sell eggs packaged with brand identification and a large number of presentation patterns in packages of 12, 18, 24 or more eggs.

 

-Retail. We distribute eggs directly to customers in packages with brand identification.

 

Marketing and Distribution of Balanced Feed in Mexico

 

Our production of balanced feed to third parties, accounts for a wide range of products; we produce balanced feed products mainly in the poultry industry, but we also produce in other markets such as dogs, cattle, swine and fish, among other species.

 

We sell balanced feed products mainly to small livestock producers and through a network of small distributors located mainly in central and southern Mexico. Currently, we have 4 feed plants dedicated to producing balanced feed to third parties.

 

Patents, Licenses and Other Contracts

 

The Company’s operations are not dependent on the existence of patents or licenses or contracts signed with customers or suppliers.

 

Material Effects of Government Regulations on the Company’s Business

 

Every region where Bachoco operates is subject to extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, which can have a material effect on the Company. Such laws and regulations include among others, the following:

 

Import and Export Regulations

 

Effective January 1, 2008, there is a free chicken market between Mexico and the U.S. This allows U.S. producers to export any amount of chicken (mainly leg quarters) free of tariffs to Mexico.

 

The U.S. chicken exports to Mexico have substantially increased since applicable restrictions on such imports have recently phased out. However, this development does impact the Mexican market for chicken because neither we, nor any other Mexican chicken producer, are yet able to export similar products to the U.S. Our production complex in the U.S. exports chicken products to several countries such as Russia, China and Mexico, among others, and therefore it is subject to various laws and regulations that apply in each of these countries.

 

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Antitrust Regulations

 

In Mexico, the Ley Federal de Competencia Economica (“Mexican Economic Competition Law” or “LFCE”), regulates monopolies and monopolistic practices.

 

Under this law, Mexican producers, including Bachoco are required to notify the Comision Federal de Competencia (“Competition Federal Commission or “COFECO”) of all proposed transactions exceeding specified threshold amounts as set forth in the Mexican Economic Competition Law. The COFECO can impose conditions on, and prevent or unwind, any such transactions by Mexican companies. We have complied with all requirements under this law.

 

In December 2009, Mexico’s CFC published a notice announcing an investigation of the Mexican poultry sector regarding possible monopolistic business practices. No specific companies were cited as conducting business in this manner. We, along with other Mexican producers and distributors, were required to provide information to the commission during the following years. As a result the CFC determined the following:

 

-In November 2012, the CFC imposed a $1.4 million fine on Bachoco, arguing that Bachoco conspired with local producers to fix the prices of chicken in Chetumal, state of Quintana Roo. Price fixing is an activity not permitted by applicable Mexican law.

 

-In January 2013, the CFC released a new statement announcing a fine of $1.6 million, arguing that Bachoco conspired with other local producers to fix prices of chicken in Cancun, state of Quintana Roo.

 

In all cases, the Company disagreed with the CFC’s resolution and appealed all of the resolutions according to the provisions of Mexican law, to assert our rights as a company that contributes to the development of the country and to a free market.

 

As of the date of this Annual Report, these files remain open; the CFC is evaluating our impugnation and is expected to release a response in the upcoming months.

 

Antidumping Regulations

 

Since 2003, chicken (excluding leg quarters for which the Mexican government had imposed certain temporary restrictions), eggs and swine import quotas were eliminated by virtue of the NAFTA. Poultry producers in the United States have developed extremely low-cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, including Mexico, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States.

 

On January 1, 2008, the restrictions previously imposed for leg quarters were phased out. As a result, there are no restrictions on exporting these products to Mexico at this time.

 

In February of 2011, the Secretaria Mexicana de Economia (or “Ministry of Economy”) initiated an antidumping investigation focusing exclusively on imports of leg quarters from the U.S. to Mexico. This investigation was requested by Bachoco and by two other Mexican poultry companies.

 

As a result of this investigation, in January of 2012, the Ministry of Economy issued a preliminary ruling on anti-dumping procedures and confirmed dumping conditions on chicken leg quarters imported from the United States, including margins ranging from 62.90% to 129.77%, stating that such practices damaged the Mexican poultry industry.

 

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The Ministry of Economy had the authority to impose anti-dumping duties, but did not proceed as the interested parties expressed the desire to reach an agreement. The companies involved provided new arguments.

 

Consequently, on August 7, 2012, after examining all final arguments, the authorities confirmed the existence of dumping conditions that caused harm to the domestic poultry industry. The Ministry of Economy imposed anti-dumping duties on imports of chicken leg quarters from the United States, but stated that such penalties would not be applied immediately, as the poultry industry was being affected by the presence of avian flu type H7N3 in the estate of Jalisco. It is worth noting that, the Company´s facilities were not affected by this outbreak of influenza.

 

As of the date of this report, we do not have any further information from the Ministry of Economy regarding the application of such duties to the chicken industry. We do not believe we will be subject to any antidumping fines and thus have not recorded any provisions in our consolidated financial information.

 

Environmental and Sanitary Regulation

 

The chicken industry is subject to government regulation in the health and environmental safety areas, including provisions relating to water and air pollution and noise control. Below is a description of the principal laws and administrative authorities in these areas in Mexico and the U.S.:

 

-Mexico. The Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Inocuidad y Calidad Alimentaria (or “The Mexican Sanitary Authority” or “SENASICA”), the Ley General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental (General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection) and the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources or “SEMARNAT”).

 

-The United States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), the Centers for Disease Control, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (or “DHS”) and the U.S. Department of Labor (or “DOL”).

 

All of these laws or regulations can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental and safety laws and regulations, and after certain administrative procedures, such violations can result in the closure of non-complying facilities.

 

The Company provides information to these authorities on a regular basis or whenever required, to assure the Company’s compliance thereof. Our Mexican and U.S. subsidiaries are also in compliance with all current regulations and are constantly monitored to ensure compliance in case of any changes in the regulatory environment.

 

C.Organizational Structure

 

The Company is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our main operating subsidiaries are BSACV and Bachoco USA (the holding company for OK Foods), which own our main operating assets.

 

As of and for the fiscal year 2013, our subsidiary BSACV accounted for 77.5% of consolidated total assets and 70.6% of total consolidated sales and our subsidiary Bachoco USA, accounted for 12.2% of consolidated total assets and 22.5% of total consolidated sales.

 

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All of our subsidiaries are directly owned by us in the percentages listed below. The following table shows our main subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

PERCENTAGE EQUITY INTEREST           
          As of December 31, 
Subsidiary  Country  2013   2012   2011 
Aviser, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V., and subsidiary  Mexico   64.00    64.00    64.00 
Secba, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V.  Mexico   99.99    99.99    99.99 
Bachoco USA, LLC. and subsidiaries  U.S.   100.00    100.00    100.00 

 

Bachoco USA is a subsidiary incorporated on March 2, 2012 to serve as the holding company for O.K. Industries, Inc., the American poultry company we acquired in November 2011.

 

For more detail regarding the Company’s subsidiaries, see Note 5 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

 

D.Property, Plant and Equipment

 

We have more than a thousand production facilities in Mexico and in the U.S. (most of which are farms) and 64 distribution centers that are located throughout Mexico, to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time and costs.

 

We own most of our facilities, we own around the 75% of our farms and lease a limited number of other farms and sales centers. We also employ a network of contract growers.

 

The following table indicates Bachoco’s production facilities and the number of each type of facility both in Mexico and the U.S., as of December 31, 2013:

 

BACHOCO’S FACILITIES

   Number of Facilities: 
Facilities  In Mexico   In The U.S. 
Chicken breeding farms   172    101 
Broiler grow-out farms   484    328 
Broiler processing plants   8    2 
Hatchery   22    3 
Egg production farms   125    0 
Swine breeding farms   1    0 
Swine grow-out farms   22    0 
Feed mills   18    2 
Further process plants   4    2 

 

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Bachoco’s facilities in Mexico

 

Our facilities in Mexico are located all over the country, grouped in several complexes with offices in Merida, Coatzacoalcos, Tecamachalco, Celaya, Lagos de Moreno, Monterrey, Gomez Palacios, Culiacan and Hermosillo.

 

Each of these complexes mainly includes; farms, feed mills, incubation facility, processing plants, and distribution centers.

 

Our eight processing plants process around 10 million chickens per week and our laying farms produce around 12 thousand tons of commercial eggs each month.

 

Four of the eighteen feed mill plants are dedicated to the production of balanced feed for sales to third parties and the remaining fourteen are dedicated mainly to internal consumption. We produce around 28 thousand tons of balanced feed per month for sale to third parties.

 

We own other facilities, including two poultry manure-processing plants. We also own a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry, which we mainly use for internal purposes but we also sell some vaccines to third parties.

 

Expansion, Construction or Issues Related to Our Facilities in Mexico

 

In April 2010, our facilities located in Mexicali, B.C. were affected by an earthquake that hit northwestern Mexico, which affected our egg production farm. Our affected farm represented approximately 9.0% of our total egg production. Our other facilities located in that region, including feed mill and distribution centers, were essentially undamaged. Our affected farm recommenced operations at the end of 2010, with pre-earthquake production capacity restored by the end of 2011.

 

In February 2013, several of our breeder farms located in the state of Guanajuato were affected by an outbreak of avian influenza type H7N3. As a result, the Company experienced a reduction in chicken volume sold of around 4.0% for the year. Once the outbreak was under control, the Company was able to gradually recover its production level and, by the end of the third quarter, production capacity was restored to pre-outbreak levels. For more detail, see Note 1 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

 

Bachoco’s facilities in the U.S.

 

We have facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. We process around 3 million chickens per week in those facilities. Our offices are in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Our slaughter and deboning plants and feed mills are located in Fort Smith and Heavener, Oklahoma. We have further processing plants in Fort Smith and Muldrow, Oklahoma; our hatcheries in Fort Smith, Heavener and Stigler, Oklahoma; our broiler research farms, in Greenwood and Hartford, Arkansas; and our cooler storage and distribution center, in Muldrow city.

 

Expansion, Construction or Issues Related with Our Facilities in the U.S.

 

In July 2013, the Company reached an agreement to acquire the Arkansas breeding assets of Morris Hatchery Inc., comprised mainly of equipment and bird inventory. This facility has a production capacity of around 350 thousand laying hens that produce hatching eggs.

 

The Company plans to carry out several projects, primarily in Mexico gradually increase our chicken and egg production in the next few years.

 

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ITEM 4.A.Unresolved Staff Comments

 

None

 

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

 

A.Operating Results

 

In January 2009, CNBV published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the IFRS as issued by the IASB, effective as of January 1, 2012.

 

Following these amendments, for the year ended December 31, 2012, we adopted IFRS, with January 1, 2011 as our transition date. Thus, we timely issue our periodic reports under IFRS, meeting all the CNBV requirements.

 

The rules and regulations of the SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as issued by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to U.S. GAAP. As such, while the Company has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the SEC.

 

Year 2013 Overview

 

Overall, we view 2013 as a positive year. We reached historically high sales and EBITDA levels, achieved efficiencies in key processes, maintained a constant supply to our customers and kept a strong financial position.

 

Financial and operating results were sound during the first half 2013, with strong demand and good level of chicken prices. The Company was able to capitalize and translate these favorable market conditions into solid operating and financial results. Second half results were not as positive, with declining chicken prices and oversupply in the Mexican poultry market being the main drivers of weak results as compared to the first half of 2013. However, financial and operating results returned to a more positive trajectory by the end of the year.

 

We faced several external challenges during the year, the most significant having been the outbreak of avian flu which affected some of our breeders farms in central Mexico. In response, we took several measures, such as immediately reinforced our bio-security programs, bought hatching eggs, used cold storage inventory of chicken, and adjusted our production and supply program to assure the supply of products to our customers. As a result of these remedial measures, we were able to return to pre-outbreak levels of volume in a relatively short period of time.

 

We recognized a charge of $350.8 million in inventory reduction due to the effect of this outbreak.

 

One of our strengths is to assure a constant supply of products to our customers, even under unfavorable conditions, such as during the influenza outbreak described above.

 

Our U.S. operation continues to have positive results in terms of EBITDA in 2013, as we continue capture synergies between our Mexico and U.S. operations.

 

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Macroeconomic Conditions in Mexico

 

The Mexican inflation rate does not have a material effect on Bachoco’s financial performance. According to statistics released by the Banco de Mexico, the inflation rate was 3.97% in 2013, while the Mexican government estimates that GDP increased by 1.1%.

 

Even as general economic conditions in Mexico have been stable, the Mexican peso showed a slight depreciation by the end of the year, and we also noticed some pressures in Mexican consumption.

 

According to UNA estimates for 2013, total chicken volume produced in Mexico decreased slightly as a consequence of the outbreak of avian flu. As a result, chicken consumption decreased approximately 3.0%. Egg volume increased approximately 6.1%, while egg consumption increased approximately 5.3%.

 

Operating Performance

 

The following financial information of 2013 is reflected in millions of pesos unless otherwise indicated, with comparative figures for the same periods in 2012, and was derived from our consolidated financial statements prepared under IFRS. Such information should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

 

The following table sets forth selected components of our results of operations for each of the periods indicated:

 

INCOME STATEMENT DATA
In millions of pesos, for the years ended December 31,
   2013   2012   2011 
   $   $   $ 
Net revenues   39,710.7    39,367.4    27,735.0 
Cost of sales   33,176.6    33,318.2    24,797.0 
Gross profit   6,534.1    6,049.2    2,938.0 
General, selling and administrative expenses   3,291.0    3,396.7    2,974.7 
Other income (expenses), net   30.7    (23.8)   1,000.0 
Operating income   3,273.8    2,628.8    963.2 
Net finance income   118.4    165.0    177.6 
Income tax   1,350.4    602.0    (38.6)
Controlling interest   2,038.4    2,184.6    1,177.3 
Non-controlling interest   3.4    7.2    2.1 
Profit for the year   2,041.8    2,191.8    1,179.4 
Basic and diluted earnings per share(1)    3.40    3.65    1.96 
Basic and diluted earnings per ADR(2)    40.84    43.80    23.52 
Dividends per Share(3)    1.584    0.50    0.50 
Weighted average Shares outstanding(4)    599,993    598,960    599,822 
(1)Calculated based on the weighted average number of basic and diluted shares. No potentially dilutive shares exist in any of the years presented, for which reason, basic and diluted earnings per share are the same.
(2)Each ADR represents twelve shares.
(3)Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average shares outstanding.
(4)In thousands of shares.

 

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Operating Results 2013 vs 2012

 

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, in each period:

 

NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES

In millions of pesos

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Net Revenues   39,710.7    100.0    39,367.4    100.0    343.3    0.9 
Total Poultry   35,943.9    90.5    35,797.2    90.9    126.7    0.4 
Others   3,766.8    9.5    3,570.3    9.1    217.6    6.1 

 

NET REVENUES BY GEOGRAPHY

In millions of pesos

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Net Revenues   39,710.7    100.0    39,367.4    100.0    343.3    0.9 
In Mexico   31,193.3    78.6    31,195.9    79.2    (2.6)   0.0 
In the U.S.   8,517.4    21.4    8,171.5    20.8    345.9    4.2 

 

Net Revenues

 

Net sales for fiscal year 2013 totaled $39,710.7 million; an increase of $343.3 million; or 0.9%; from the $39,367.4 million of net sales recorded in 2012.

 

In 2013 and 2012, poultry represented 90.5% and 90.1% of total sales respectively and the others segment accounted for the remaining 9.5% and 9.1% of total sales.

 

This increase was mainly due to higher prices in our main products within each segment, which was partially offset by lower volume sold during the second and third quarters of 2013, as follows:

 

-In our poultry segment, sales of chicken products decreased 0.3% during 2013 as a result a 4.0% decrease in chicken volume sold, partially offset by a 3.5% increase in prices.

 

-Also within our poultry segment, sales of eggs increased 14.7% during the 2013 fiscal year. This increase is mainly attributed to a 17.0% increase in the price of eggs, partially offset by a 2.0% decrease in volume from 2012.

 

-Within our other business line segment, sales of balanced feed decreased 8.6% in 2013, as a result of a 10.1% decrease in volume sold as a consequence of oversupply conditions in the market, partially offset by a 1.6% of increase in prices.

 

-Our Other segment also includes sales of live swine, sales of value added turkey and beef products, vaccines and other by-products. All of these products, on an individual basis account for less than 1% of our total sales. In 2013, value-added beef products and swine continued experiencing sales growth.

 

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The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating results for each of the periods indicated:

 

COST OF SALES

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Cost of sales   33,176.6    83.5    33,318.2    84.6    (141.6)   (0.4)
Poultry   29,847.7    75.2    30,210.8    76.7    (363.2)   (1.2)
Others   3,328.9    8.4    3,107.4    7.9    221.6    7.1 

 

Our total cost of sales decreased $141.6 million or 0.4% for the year ended December 31, 2013 when compared to the year ended December 31, 2012 reached in 2012.

 

This decrease was mainly driven by a decline of 4.9% in volumes sold, which represented a $1,628.1 million decrease in our cost of sales. The decrease in volumes sold was primarily the result of a decrease in our sales of chicken products (within our poultry segment), as a consequence of the avian influenza outbreak that affected our chicken production (as further discussed above).

 

The 4.9% decrease was partially offset by an increase of 4.7% in our production cost of sales per unit, which represented a total increase of $1,429.2 million in our cost of sales. The main factors that contributed to the increase in our production cost per unit were:

 

-23.7% of the total increase, or $350.8 million, was due to a reduction in our chicken inventory as a result of the avian influenza outbreak described above.

 

-18.8% of the total increase, or $278.9 million, was due to changes in our product mix.

 

-24.2% of the increase, or $357.7 million, was due to a higher hatching eggs unit cost. As an integrated company, we normally use our own hatching eggs farms to produce chicken products, but as a result of the outbreak of the avian influenza that affected some of these facilities, we ended up having to buy more hatching eggs from third parties at a higher cost.

 

-12.8% of the increase, or $189.1 million was due to an increase in the number of products bought from third parties.

 

It is worth nothing that the largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost related to our balanced feed raw materials, which has accounted for approximately 70% of our total cost of sales in the last few years. Within this area, corn, sorghum and soybean meal are the main components of our balance feed production costs. These components are subject to high volatility caused by supply, weather conditions and exchange rates, among others.

 

Lastly, besides balanced feed production costs, our cost of sales includes other factors such are: salaries and wages and energy costs that have represented approximately 6.5% and 5.0% of our total cost of sales, respectively, in the last few years. There are also many other factors with much smaller contributions to our overall cost of sales. All of these secondary factors individually registered immaterial changes from 2012 to 2013.

 

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GENERAL, SELLING AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES 

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Total SG&A   3,291.0    8.3    3,396.7    8.6    (105.6)   (3.1)

 

In 2013, our general, selling and administrative expenses totaled $3,291.0 million, compared to $3,396.7 million in 2012, representing a decrease of $105.6 million or 3.1% that was mainly attributed to:

 

The reduction was due to actuarial adjustments to our employees benefit plans, mainly actuarial gains recognized in the year, see Note 21 in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Variations in the rest of the components were minimal.

 

This decrease is also a result of our strict control of operating expenses. In 2013 and 2012, our General, selling and administrative expenses represented 8.5% and 8.6% of total sales, respectively.

 

The main components that comprised our SG&A in the past few years are: freights and transportation equipment expenses (about 35%), labor (about 32%) and publicity (about 5%), with no significant variation in these percentages.

 

OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) NET

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Other income (expense) net   30.7    0.1    (23.8)   (0.1)   54.5    129.0 

 

Other income (expense) includes the gains and losses on sales of unused fixed assets as well sales of hens and other by-products.

 

In 2013 we recognized other net income of $30.7 million and in 2012 we recorded other net expenses of $23.8 million. In 2013, we sold the land at one of our farms, in the southern region of the country, generating a gain on sale.

 

OPERATING INCOME

   2013   2012   Change 
   $   %/sales   $   %/sales   $   % 
Operating Income   3,273.8    8.2    2,628.8    6.7    645.0    24.5 

 

Operating income in 2013, totaled $3,273.8 million, this represented an increase of $645.0 million or 24.5%, when compared to operating income of $2,628.8 million reached in 2012, which was mainly attributed to an increase in sales, a reduction in cost of sales and efficiencies in operating expenses.

 

The operating margin in 2013 and 2012 was 8.2% and 6.7% respectively.

 

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NET FINANCE INCOME

   For the year ended December 31,         
   2013   % over   2012   % over   Change 
   $   sales   $   sales   $   % 
Net Finance Income   118.4    0.3%   165.0    0.4%   (46.6)   (28.2)
Financial Income   344.8         270.0         74.8    27.7 
Financial Expense   226.4         105.0         121.4    115.6 

 

In 2013, we reported net financial income of $118.4 million, compared to net financial income of $165.0 million in 2012. This was mainly due to higher interest expenses in 2013.

 

Financial income of $344.8 million in 2013 was mainly due to a $314.2 million of interest income and a $28.1 million in foreign currency exchange gain. This gain was partially offset by $97.0 million in interest expense and a $129.3 million in commissions and financial expenses.

 

In 2012, we recognized a net financial income of $270.0 million, of which $222.1 million was interest income, $35.2 million was foreign currency exchange gain and $12.8 million was represented by a gain from the valuation of financial instruments. These gains were partially offset by $105.0 million of interest expense in 2012.

 

For more details see Note 29 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

The following table sets forth our tax position for each of the periods indicated which is described in more detail in Note 20 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein:

 

TOTAL INCOME TAX

   For the year ended December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Total income taxes (benefit) expense,   1,350.4    602.0    748.4    124.3 
Current income tax in Mexico   1,227.3    366.4    860.9    235.0 
Deferred income tax in Mexico   147.4    207.1    (59.7)   (28.8)
Deferred Income tax in the U.S.   (24.3)   28.5    (52.8)   (185.3)

 

In 2013, total income tax expense was $1,350.4 million, compared to income tax expense of $602.0 million in 2012. This increase is mainly attributable to a $674.8 million charge related to changes in tax rates pursuant to a fiscal reform that was enacted in 2013.

 

Through December 31, 2013, the Company was subject to a simplified tax regime, whereby its statutory tax rate was 21%. As a result of changes in the Mexican Tax Law enacted in 2013, such simplified regime was eliminated and beginning in 2014, the Company will be subject to a new and equivalent regime named regime for agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries, which applies to companies exclusively dedicated to these activities and applies a 30% tax rate. The effects on deferred income taxes are reflected in tax expense in 2013 as the changes were enacted in 2013, resulting in the aforementioned $674.8 million charge.

 

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In 2013, our effective tax rate and tax expense differed from income tax at the statutory rate of $712.4 million mainly due to the effect of companies outside of simplified regime, which increased tax expense by approximately $23.2 million, or 1% of total income tax expense; the net tax effect of inflation of $(64.4) million, which decreased income tax expense and represents (2.0%) of total income tax expense; and an increase of $674.8 million related to the aforementioned changes in tax rates from the 2013 tax reform discussed above.

 

In 2012, our effective tax rate and tax expense differed from income tax at the statutory rate of $586.7 million mainly due to the effect of companies outside of simplified regime, which increased tax expense by approximately $61.8 million, or 2.0% of total income tax expense; and the net tax effect of inflation, which decreased income tax expense by approximately $(47.6) million or (2.0%) of total income tax expense.

 

Our deferred income tax liability in 2013 increased $103.3 million, as a result of the following movements in temporary differences during the year; an increase of $512.9 million for property plant and equipment, $190.1 million for prepaid to suppliers, and $95.2 million for accounts receivable, partially offset by decreases of $597.8 in trade payable, and $80.6 million for tax loss carry forwards.

 

The charges to deferred income tax in 2012 are represented by a slight increase in deferred tax assets of $12.9 million when compared with 2011, partially offset by an increase in deferred tax liabilities of $210.8 million, mainly due to an increase in deferred tax liabilities associated with inventories in 2012.

 

The following table sets forth our profit for the year for each of the periods indicated:

 

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR

In millions of pesos  For the years ended  December 31, 
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Profit for the year attributable to:   2,041.8    2,191.8    (150.0)   (6.8)
Controlling interest   2,038.4    2,184.6    (146.2)   (6.7)
Non-controlling interest   3.4    7.2    (3.8)   (52.8)
Basic and diluted earnings per share1    3.40    3.65    (0.3)   (6.8)
Net income per ADR1   40.84    43.80    (3.0)   (6.8)

1 in pesos

 

As a result of the factors detailed above, our net income for 2013 totaled $2,041.8 million, or $3.40 per basic and diluted share ($40.84 per ADR), a $150.0 million or 6.8% decrease when compared to $2,191.8 million in net income or $3.65 per basic and diluted share ($43.80 per ADR) reported in 2012.

 

Our net consolidated net margin in 2013 was 5.1% compared to a consolidated net margin of 5.6% in 2012.

 

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The following table shows reconciliation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin to consolidated net income for each of the periods indicated.

 

EBITDA RESULT                
   For the years ended December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Net income   2,041.8    2,191.8    (150.0)   (6.8)
Income tax expense (benefit)   1,350.4    602.0    748.4    124.3 
Net finance income   (118.4)   (165.0)   (46.6)   (28.8)
Depreciation   816.7    837.8    (21.1)   (2.5)
EBITDA result   4,090.5    3,466.6    623.9    18.8 
EBITDA margin (%)   10.3%   8.8%   -    - 

 

EBITDA in 2013 and 2012 reached $4,090.5 and $3,466.6 million respectively, representing an EBITDA margin of 10.3% and 8.8%. These represent historical amounts for the Company, mainly as a result of strong net sales together with decreases in cost of sales and general, administrative and selling expenses.

 

Operating Results 2012 vs 2011

 

The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, in each period:

 

NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES    
In millions of pesos  For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net Revenues:  $39,367.4    100.0%  $27,735.0    100.0%
Poultry   35,797.2    90.9%   24,697.2    89.0%
Others   3,570.2    9.1%   3,037.8    11.0%

 

NET REVENUES BY GEOGRAPHY    
In millions of pesos  For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net Revenues:  $39,367.4    100.0%  $27,735.0    100.0%
In Mexico   31,195.9    79.2%   26,356.2    95.0%
In the U.S. 1   8,171.5    20.8%   1,378.8    5.0%

1 Sales are chicken products, included within the poultry segment.

 

Net Revenues

 

In 2012, we reported the highest sales in the Company’s history. Net sales for fiscal year 2012 totaled $39,367.4 million, $11,632.4 million or 41.9% more than $27,735.0 million of net sales recorded in 2011. This increase was due to higher sales of chicken, which resulted from the consolidation of OK Foods into our results of operations. Below is further discussion of various products in each segment:

 

-In our poultry segment, sales of chicken products increased 45.9% during 2012 as a result of increased sales of chicken driven by the integration of our new operation in the U.S.

 

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-Also within our poultry segment sales of eggs increased 34.6% during the 2012 fiscal year. The increased sales volume is attributed mainly to the full recovery of our production capacity in the Mexicali facility, which was damaged by an earthquake in 2010. Additionally, we observed a recovery in the prices of eggs during 2012, which had been lagging in recent years.

 

-In our other business line segment, sales of balanced feed had an increase of 6.8% in 2012, as a result of an increase of 15.1% in prices, partially offset by 7.2% decrease in volume sold. This recovery in prices has continued after a couple of years of significant increases in production costs. The reduction in volume is mainly a consequence of recent increased competition and hence supply in this market.

 

-Our other business line segment also includes sales of live swine, sales of value-added turkey and beef products, vaccines and other by-products. All of these products on an individual basis account for less than 1% of the Company’s total sales. In 2012, value-added beef products and swine experienced significant sales growth.

 

The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating results for each of the periods indicated:

 

OPERATING RESULTS    
In millions of pesos  As of December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net revenues  $39,367.4    100.0%  $27,735.0    100.0%
Cost of sales   33,318.2    84.6%   24,797.0    89.4%
Gross profit   6,049.2    15.4%   2,938.0    10.6%
General, selling and administrative expenses   3,396.7    8.6%   2,974.7    10.7%
Other income (expense) net   (23.8)   (0.1)%   1,000.0    3.6%
Operating income   2,628.8    6.7%   963.2    3.5%

 

Cost of Sales

 

The table below sets forth the Company’s cost of sales for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:

 

In millions of pesos  For the Year Ended December 31, 
   2012   2011   Var. 
Cost of sales  $33,318.2   $24,797.0    8,521.2 

 

Our total cost of sales increased $8,521.2 or 34.4% for the year 2012, when compared to the year 2011. This increase was mainly driven by increases in the production costs of chicken, eggs and balanced feed, which increased 10.5%, 10.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, when compared to the year 2011.

 

Corn, sorghum and soybean meal are the main components of our production costs. These components are subject to high volatility caused by supply, weather conditions and exchange rates, among others. For the year 2012, we obtained approximately 47.0% of our grain needs in Mexico, and the remaining 53.0% was bought in the U.S. In the case of soybean meal, we obtained approximately 25.0% of our needs in Mexico, and the remaining 75.0% from other countries, mainly from the U.S.

 

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Total cost of sales increased $8,521.2 million from 2011 to 2012 and the main components of this increase were:

 

-The 76.4% of the total increase or $6,510.2 million was due to a full year integration of the companies we acquired in the second half of 2011, TROSI, MACSA, and mainly OK Foods.

 

-The 20.1% of the total increase or $1,712.8 million was due to increases in the costs of our balanced feed raw materials, whose main ingredients are grain and soybean meal, both which displayed a high rate of volatility and historically high increases worldwide during 2012 when compared with 2011.

 

It is worth noting that the single largest component of our cost of sales is the cost related to our balanced feed raw materials, which has accounted for approximately 71% of our total cost of sales in the last few years.

 

Lastly, besides balanced feed costs, our cost of sales includes other factors such are: salaries and wages and energy costs that have represented approximately 6.5% and 5.0% of our total cost of sales, respectively, in the last few years. There are also many other factors with much smaller contributions to our overall cost of sales. All of these secondary factors individually registered immaterial changes from 2011 to 2012.

 

Our gross profit in 2012 totaled $6,049.2 million, with a gross margin of 15.4%. This represented an increase of 105.9% as compared to the previous year, mainly due to the increase in our net revenues in 2012.

 

General, Selling and Administrative Expenses

 

The table below sets forth the Company’s general, selling and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

In millions of pesos  For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011   variation 
General, Selling and Administrative Expenses  $3,396.7   $2,974.7   $422.0 

 

In 2012, our general, selling and administrative expenses totaled $3,396.7 million, compared to $2,974.7 million in 2011, representing an increase of $422.0 million or 14.2% that was mainly attributed to:

 

-$329.0 million, or 78% of this increase, was due to a full year integration of the companies we acquired in the second half of 2011, TROSI, MACSA, and mainly OK Foods.

 

-$42.4 million, or 10% of this increase, was due to an increase in salaries and wages.

 

-$41.1, or 9.7% of the increase, was due to an increase in our transportation equipment and freights, both as part of our sales and marketing expenses.

 

The main components that comprise our SG&A are freight and transportation equipment expenses, salaries and wages, and publicity expenses, with contributions of approximately 35%, 32% and 5%, respectively, in the past few years.

 

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It is worth noting that, in 2012, SG&A represented 8.6% of total sales compared to 10.7% reported in 2011. This improvement was as a result of our strict monitoring and control of our operating expenses.

 

Other Income (Expense) Net

 

Other income (expense) includes gains and losses on the sale of unused assets as well as sales of hens and other by-products.

 

In 2012, we recorded other expenses of $23.8 million, compared with $1,000.0 million of other income reported in 2011; this is mainly attributed to a gain on the purchase price in the business acquisition of OK Foods in November of 2011.

 

For more details of other income see Note 30 and Note 4-a) for more detail about business acquisitions of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Operating Income

 

In millions of pesos  For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011   variation 
Operating income  $2,628.8   $963.2   $1,665.6 

 

Operating income in 2012, totaled $2,628.8 million 172.9% higher than $963.2 million of other income reported in 2011, which was mainly a result of an increase in sales in 2012.

 

Net Finance Income

 

The following table sets forth our net finance income for each of the periods indicated:

 

NET FINANCE INCOME    
   For the year ended December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net finance income  $165.0   $177.6 
Financial income   270.0    248.3 
Financial expense   105.0    70.6 

 

We reported net financial income of $165.0 million in 2012 compared with net financial income of $177.6 million in 2011. This was mainly due to interest earned on the Company’s cash position, which remained strong throughout both years.

 

The financial income of $270.0 million in 2012 was mainly to the $222.1 million of interest income, $35.2 million of gain on exchange rate changes, net, and $12.8 million of gain from valuation effects of financial instruments, which result was partially offset by $105.0 million of interest expense in 2012.

 

In 2011, financial income totaled $248.3 million, mainly as a result of $193.8 million in interest income and an exchange gain, net of $54.5 million, which result was partially offset by interest expense in 2011 of $69.7 million and $0.9 million as a result of valuation effect in financial instruments.

 

For more details see Note 29 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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Taxes

 

The following table sets forth our tax position for each of the periods indicated which is described in more detail in Note 20 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein:

 

TAXES        
In millions of pesos  For the years ended of December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Total income taxes (benefit) expense,  $602.0   $(38.6)
Income tax   366.4    69.6 
Deferred income tax   207.1    (100.3)
Income tax in the U.S.   28.5    (7.8)

 

Total taxes in 2012 totaled $602.0 million, compared to a tax benefit of $38.6 million reported in 2011. This decrease was primarily a result of strong results and income in 2012 compared with a weak performance in our 2011 results.

 

In 2012, the main components of the income tax expense are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for $586.7 million, which represents 21.0% of total income tax expense; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for $61.8 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax expense; and c) the net tax effect of inflation for $(47.6) million, which represents (2.0%) of total income tax expense.

 

In 2011, the main components of the income tax benefit are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for $239.6 million, which represents 21.0% of total income tax benefit; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for $27.0 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax benefit; c) the non-taxable gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary for $(220.0) million, which represents (19.0%) of total income tax benefit, and d) the net tax effect of inflation for $(67.9) million, which represents (6.0%) of total income tax benefit.

 

The main components of deferred income tax in 2012 are a slight increase in deferred tax assets for $12.9 million when compared with year 2011, partially compensated by an increase in deferred tax liabilities for $210.8 million, mainly due to an increase in deferred tax assets-inventories in 2012.

 

Profit for the year

 

The following table sets forth our profit for the year for each of the periods indicated:

 

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR                
In millions of pesos  For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Profit for the year  $2,191.8    5.6%  $1,179.4    4.3%
Net controlling interest   2,184.6         1,177.3      
Net non-controlling interest   7.2         2.1      
Basic and diluted earnings per share (in pesos)   3.65         1.96      
Net income per ADR (in pesos)   43.80         23.52      

 

As a result of the reasons detailed above, our profit for the year in 2012 totaled $2,191.8 million, or $3.65 per basic and diluted share ($43.80 per ADR), an increase when compared to $1,179.4 million in net income or $1.96 per basic and diluted share ($23.52 per ADR) reported in 2011.

 

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Our net consolidated margin in 2012 was 5.6% compared to a net consolidated margin of 4.3% in 2011.

 

EBITDA Result

 

EBITDA in 2012 reached $3,466.6 million, representing a margin of 8.8%, compared to EBITDA in 2011 of $1,709.0 million and a margin of 6.2%.

 

The following table shows reconciliation of EBITDA and EBITDA margin to consolidated net income for each of the periods indicated.

 

EBITDA        
   For the years ended December 31, 
   2012   2011 
Net income  $2,191.8   $1,179.4 
Income tax expense (benefit)   602.0    (38.6)
Net finance income   (165.0)   (177.6)
Depreciation   837.8    745.8 
EBITDA result   3,466.6    1,709.0 
EBITDA margin (%)   8.8    6.2 

 

Critical Fiscal and Accounting Policies

 

The following information is a summary of the fiscal and accounting policies that could materially affect the Company’s operations or investments.

 

Income Tax, Asset Tax and Flat Rate Business Tax, Year 2013

 

The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Through December 31, 2013, BSACV, the Company’s main subsidiary, was subject to the simplified regime, with a tax rate of 21%. Beginning in January 1, 2014, BSACV is now subject to a new regime named regime for agriculture, livestock, forestry and fisheries, which applies to companies exclusively dedicated to these activities and applies a 30% tax rate.

 

O.K. Industries, subsidiary is located in the U.S. and it has a different fiscal period that the rest of the subsidiaries located in Mexico. O.K. Industries’ fiscal year ends in April each year, while the rest of the Companies end in December.

 

For more information please see Note 20 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Starting on January 1, 2014, the simplified tax regime, the Flat Rate Business Tax (“IETU”) and the cash deposit cash (“IDE”) laws were eliminated.

 

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Income Tax

 

After a 2010 tax reform, the tax rate was increased from 19.0% to 21.0% in the simplified regime and from 28.0% to 30.0% in the general regime. In 2013, the Mexican Government approved further changes, and as a result the income tax subsidy for the simplified regime phased out.

 

Therefore, for fiscal year 2011 to 2013 the income tax rate was 21.0% for the simplified regime and 30.0% for the general regime. Starting in 2014, and in accordance with new regulations approved in 2013, the income tax for both regimes will be 30.0%.

 

The income tax rate for OK Foods is 38.79%.

 

Main changes from new tax reform

 

The main impact on income taxes for the Company resulted from the tax reform enacted in 2013 is the increase from 21% to 30% of the tax rate applicable to BSACV, the Company’s main subsidiary, and the limitation on the deductibility by 53%, of expenditure for wages that are exempt income for the employees.

 

Flat Rate Business Tax

 

The IETU was published on October 1, 2007 and it came into effect on January 1, 2008. The IETU rate was 17.5% in 2013, 2012 and 2011 was based on cash flows, and limited certain deductions. Through December 31, 2013, IETU was required to be paid only when it is greater than the income tax to be paid in any given year. As a result of the aforementioned changes in Mexican Tax Law in 2013, IETU was eliminated. As the Company had projected that it would only pay regular income tax, it did not have any deferred income taxes calculated under the IETU regime, such that elimination of IETU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s results.

 

Use of Estimates and Judgments in Certain Accounting Policies

 

The following are the critical judgments, apart from those involving estimations, that the Company’s management has made in the process of applying its accounting policies and that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

 

Business combinations or acquisition of assets

 

Management uses its professional judgment to determine whether the acquisition of a group of assets constitutes a business combination. This determination may have a significant impact in how the acquired assets and assumed liabilities are accounted for, both at the initial recognition and subsequently.

 

Fair value of biological assets

 

The Company estimates the fair value of biological assets as the price that would be received or paid in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As part of the estimate, the Company considers the maturity periods of such assets, the necessary time span for the biological assets to reach a productive stage, as well as future economic benefits obtained.

 

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The balance of current biological assets is integrated by hatching eggs, growing pigs and growing poultry, while the balance of non-current biological assets is integrated by poultry in its different production stages and breeder pigs.

 

Non-current biological assets are valued at its production cost less accumulated depreciation or accumulated impairment losses, because the Company believes that there is no observable or reliable market for such assets. Also, the Company believes that there is no reliable method for measuring the fair value of non-current biological assets. Current biological assets are valued at fair value when there is an observable market, less sale expenses.

 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty

 

Below are critical estimates and assumptions in the application of accounting policies with significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements, as well as information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in future years.

 

Assessments to determine the recoverability of deferred tax assets

 

As part of the tax analysis carried out by the Company, on an annual basis the Company prepares projections of taxable income for purposes of determining if taxable income will be sufficient to recover the benefit of deferred tax assets recognized from deductible temporary differences, including tax losses and other tax credits.

 

Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment

 

Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are used to determine depreciation expense of such assets and are defined according to the analysis by internal and external specialists. Useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically at least once a year, based on the current conditions of the assets and the estimate of the period during which they will continue to generate economic benefits to the Company. If there are changes in the estimate, measurement of the net carrying amount of assets and the corresponding depreciation expense are prospectively affected.

 

Measurements and disclosures at fair value

 

Fair value is a measurement based on the price a market participant would be willing to receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability, and is not a measure specific to the Company. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information may be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information may not be available. However, the purpose of a measurement at fair value in both cases is to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liabilities would be carried out among the market participants at the date of measurement under current market conditions.

 

When the price of an identical asset or liability is not observable, the Company determines the fair value using another valuation technique which maximizes the use of relevant observable information and minimizes the use of unobservable information. As the fair value is a measurement based on the market, it is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when they fix a price to an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.

 

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Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill

 

The carrying amount of long-lived assets is reviewed for impairment when situations or changes in circumstances indicate that it is not recoverable, except for goodwill which is reviewed on an annual basis, at a minimum. If there are indicators of impairment, a review is carried out to determine whether the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable value and whether it is impaired. The recoverable value is the highest of the asset’s fair value, less selling costs, and its value in use which is the present value of the future estimated cash flows generated by the asset. The value in use calculation requires the Company’s management to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.

 

B.Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We are a holding company with no significant operations of our own. Our principal sources of liquidity are:

 

-The sales of our products through our subsidiaries in the Mexican and U.S. markets;

 

-Credit lines we use from time to time; as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the unused credit lines of the Company totaled $5,418.0 and $2,664.9 million respectively. The Company did not pay any commission or charge for the unused credits.

 

-The current local bond issue program available until August 2017. For more details please refer to Item 12 (“Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities”) of this Annual Report.

  

TOTAL CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, PRIMARY AND DERIVATIVES FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In millions of pesos  As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Total cash, cash equivalents, and primary and derivative financial instruments   7,732.7    5,144.4    2,588.3    50.3 
Cash and cash equivalents   6,716.9    4,179.5    2,537.4    60.7 
Primary financial and derivative financial instruments   1,015.8    964.9    50.9    5.3 

 

In 2013, cash and cash equivalents, primary financial instruments and derivative financial instruments totaled $7,732.7 million, $2,588.3 million or 50.3%, more than $5,144.4 million recorded in 2012. The increase is mainly due to our strong operating results in the first half of 2013.

 

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE                
In millions of pesos  As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Total accounts receivable   2,227.8    2,220.6    7.2    0.3 

 

Accounts receivable slightly increased $7.2 million or 0.3% when compared to 2012, but our collection rate showed a slight improvement as our days outstanding reduced in about 0.1 days.

 

For more detail please see Note 9 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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ACCOUNTS PAYABLE                
In millions of pesos  As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Total accounts payable   3,759.1    3,445.2    313.9    9.1 

 

In 2013, accounts payable increased $313.9 million or 18.2% when compared to 2012, mainly attributed to income tax payable for $383.5 million registered closer to year end in 2013.

 

TOTAL DEBT                
In million of pesos  As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Total debt   2,067.8    2,723.7    (655.9)   (24.1)
Short-term debt (1)   557.6    1,197.1    (639.5)   (53.4)
Long-term debt (2)   10.2    26.6    16.4    (61.6)
Long-term debt (Local bond issue)   1,500.0    1,500.0    0.0    0.0 
(1)Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt.
(2)Does not include current installments of long-term debt.

 

As of December 31, 2013, total debt was $2,067.8 million, a decrease of $655.9 million or 24.1% when compared to the $2,723.7 million recorded as of December 31, 2012.

 

Most of our long term debt consists of a local bond issuance of $1,500.0 million in the second quarter of 2012, maturing in 2017. This bond accrues interest at the reference rate of 28-day TIIE (“Equilibrium Interbank Interest Rate”), plus accruing interest at TIIE + 0.60%. The funds obtained were used primarily used to pre-pay certain outstanding debt, some of which was previously incurred in the context of our acquisition of OK Foods.

 

For details of maturity of our debt and the prevailing interest rates, see Note 17 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

WORKING CAPITAL                
In million of pesos  As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Working Capital   10,953.5    9,651.5    1,302.0    13.5 
Total current assets   15,324.3    14,381.8    942.5    6.6 
Total current liabilities   4,370.8    4,730.3    (359.5)   (7.6)

 

The working capital in the table above was calculated as current assets minus current liabilities.

 

In 2013, our working capital increased $1,302.0 million or 13.5% when compared to year 2012, this was mainly due to increases in our level of cash and, a decrease in our short-term debt.

 

We believe that our current level of working capital is sufficient for the regular course of our operations. Nevertheless, our working capital needs may be susceptible to change, as they depend mainly on the cost of our main raw materials which affect or inventory cost, and on the level of accounts payable. Our working capital can also change from one quarter to another as the buying of domestic raw material depends of the harvest season.

 

46
 

 

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES            
In millions of pesos, for the years ended December 31,            
   2013   2012   2011 
   $   $   $ 
Capital Expenditures   587.4    951.8    707.5 

 

Most of the capital investments in the past years were financed with resources generated from our own operations.

 

In 2013 and 2012 capital expenditures totaled $587.4 and $951.8 million respectively, incurred primarily in the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects in our chicken farms and in some processing plants, increasing eggs production capacity, additional IT systems, replacement of our transportation fleet and of other equipment in our facilities. Our capital expenditures were lower in 2013 as compared with 2012 as we reduce our expansion projects; we are expecting this trend to change in following years as we resume our growing plans.

 

In 2012, we made capital expenditures of $951.8 million that are used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the U.S. and Mexico.

 

In 2011 we made capital expenditures of $707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. Additionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and updated our transportation fleet.

 

The Company plans to carry out several projects, primarily in Mexico to gradually increase our poultry production in the next few years

 

OPERATING LEASES            
In millions of pesos, for the years ended December 31,            
   2013   2012   2011 
   $   $   $ 
Operating Leases expense   286.0    290.1    188.2 

 

We entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, computer equipment, and vehicles. These agreements have terms ranging between one and five years and some of them contain renewal options.

 

See Note 24 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

 

Financial Instruments

 

In the normal course of our business, we use various financial instruments to hedge exposure to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.

 

47
 

 

The main risk that the Company faces is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.

 

A strong variation in the exchange rates between the peso and the dollar could affect our financial results, as a greater percentage of our sales are made in pesos, and a large percentage of our purchases of raw material are made in dollars.

 

As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty for our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.

 

We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved call and put options in U.S. dollars. Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.

 

See Note 8 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

 

LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY                
   As of December 31,         
   2013   2012   Change 
   $   $   $   % 
Short-term liabilities in foreign currency(1)   392.7    643.5    (250.8)   (39.0)

(1) The foreign currency is dollars.

 

In 2013 and 2012 our bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars totaled $392.7 million (equivalent to $30 million USD), $250.8 million or 39% lower than the $643.5 million pesos (equivalent to $50 million USD) in 2012. The short-term bank debt in U.S. dollars had an annual average interest rate of 1.49% in 2013, 1.06% in 2012.

 

Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.

 

Overall, at the end of 2013, we have assets denominated in U.S. dollars for $2,391.1 million and liabilities for $2,477.7 million; a net liability position of $86.5 million

 

For more details see Note 8 and Note 17 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

C.Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

None.

 

D.Trend Information

 

The most significant trends that might have a negative impact on the Company’s operating performance are the following:

 

-During the past several months we observed a decline in the cost of our main raw materials (corn, sorghum and soybean meal). If this trend continues, although it could positively affect our cost of sales, as production costs would decrease, this may force us to have to decrease the prices of our main products, and as a consequence, face a decline in our total revenues.

 

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-Additionally, as previously mentioned, beginning in 2014, the Company is now subject to a higher income tax rate; which went from 21% to 30%. This 9% difference in the tax rate will negatively affect our after-tax results in 2014.

 

-Finally, we may also be negatively affected by any poultry sanitary issues that may arise in regions where our production centers are located, which may affect our production volumes and production costs.

 

E.Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

In 2013, except for our operating lease agreements, we do not have off-balance sheet arrangements that might have current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition. Disclosure of operating leases is included in this Annual Report in the Item 5-B.

 

F.Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

 

Our major categories of indebtedness included the following:

 

-As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had $16.4 and $115.6 million in current portion of long-term debt respectively.

 

-Long-term debt to banks, excluding the current installments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $10.2 and $26.6 million respectively, plus an additional $1,500.0 million as a result of our local bond issue in 2012 and maturing in 2017.

 

-The weighted average interest rates on long-term debt, excluding the local bond issuance, for years 2013 and 2012 were 4.93% and 5.40% respectively.

 

See Note 17-b) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

 

The Company has certain leases related to operating assets, including farms and administrative offices. The following table summarizes the Company´s contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013. The table does not include current installments of long-term debt, accounts payable or pension liabilities.

 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

In millions of pesos

 

  Total   2014
$
   2015
$
   2016
$
   2017
$
   2018
$
 
Long-term debt(1)   1,510.2    -    7.7    2.5    1,500    - 
Operating leases(2)   194.8    58.1    40.5    38.1    36.2    21.9 

(1) See Note 17-c) of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

(2) See Note 24 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.

 

Operating leases expense for 2013 was $286.0 and, current installments made under long term debt were $16.4 million.

 

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The Company has entered into grain supply agreements with third parties as part of the regular course of its operations. However, the payment terms are not fixed for which reason no amounts have been included in the table above.

 

The following table sets forth the maturity amounts of interest to be paid in connection with the long-term debt described above.

 

In millions of pesos

 

  Total   Less than
1 year
   From 1
To 3 years
   From 3 to 5
years
 
Interest  $317.3   $89.5   $179.1   $48.7 

 

The Company’s future minimum rental payments required under its operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancellable lease term in excess of one year as of December 31, 2013, and for each of the five succeeding years, are as follows:

 

MINIMUM PAYMENTS OF OPERATING LEASES
 
In millions of pesos  Total   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018 
Operating Leases  $116.6   $31.9   $31.9   $17.6   $17.6   $17.6 

 

G.Safe Harbor

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A.Directors and Senior Management

 

Directors

 

The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of our business. The Board of Directors consists of an odd number of directors, never fewer than five, and corresponding alternate directors, each of whom is elected for a term of one year.

 

Alternate directors are authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of directors who are unable to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the Board of Directors.

 

At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 23, 2014, we ratified the membership of our Board of Directors, which is composed of the following members:

 

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD   Year of Birth   Member since
Chairman of the Board and Proprietary Shareholder Director:        
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo   1953   1982
Proprietary Shareholder Directors:        
Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo   1958   2008
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz   1951   1994
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz   1957   2002
Arturo Bours Griffith   1955   1994
Octavio Robinson Bours   1952   1997
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa   1954   1994
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez   1965   1994
Alternate Directors:        
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo   1956   1994
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith   1950   1994
Guillermo Pineda Cruz   1948   1994
Gustavo Luders Becerril   1953   2011
Independent Directors:        
Avelino Fernandez Salido   1938   2003
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega   1954   2003
Secretary of the Board:        
Eduardo Rojas Crespo   1969   2008

 

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Honorary Members of the Board

 

Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, and Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours are co-founders of the Company and Honorary members of the board.

 

The following table identifies the relationships among members of each of the four Bours families:

 

Cousins   in law-related

Brothers:

·    Arturo Bours Griffith

·    Octavio Robinson Bours

·    Jose Francisco Bours Griffith

   

Brothers:

·    Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz

·    Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz

 

 

·    Guillermo Pineda Cruz

Brothers:

·    Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo

·    Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo

·    Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo

   

 

·    Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez

 

·    Ricardo Aguirre Borboa

·    Gustavo Luders Becerril

 

Our bylaws provide for the creation of an executive committee of the Board of Directors, which may exercise certain of the Board’s powers in full, subject to certain limitations.

 

Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2002. Before his election as Chairman, he was Vice-Chairman for several years. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores Monterrey (“ITESM”). He currently serves as Chairman of the Boards of Directors of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Inmobiliaria Trento S.A. de C.V., Agriexport S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.

 

Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2008. He previously served as Systems Manager. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Computer Engineering from the ITESM. He currently serves as member of the Board of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Congeladora Horticola, S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., Industrias Boca, S.A. de C.V. and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V. He is also Chairman of Fundacion Mexicana para el Desarrollo Rural del Valle del Yaqui and the ITESM in Obregon.

 

Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has previously worked in Bachoco as Production Director and Divisional Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Engineering from the University of Arizona. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of San Luis Corporacion S.A. de C.V., and Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

51
 

 

Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2002. Mr. Robinson Bours previously served in the Company as Production Manager in the Northwest and Bajio divisions, Commercial Manager in Northwest Division and Purchasing Manager at the Bajio Division. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Arizona. He has business experience in agriculture and raising livestock with Agricola Monte Cristo S.A. de C.V., Agricola Rio Yaqui S.P.R. de R.L., Agricola Nacapul S.P.R. de R.L., Ganadera Cocoreña S.P.R. de R.L. and Chairman of the Board of the Cultural Center of Cocorit, A.C.

 

Arturo Bours Griffith, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. Mr. Bours Griffith completed professional studies at the University of Arizona. He is also Chairman of the board of Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V., and a member of the board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V., and Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.

 

Octavio Robinson Bours, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1997. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He has experience in producing swine, and is also a member of the board of Choya, S.A. de C.V., and runs a business of agriculture and aquaculture.

 

Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He is also a member of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices of Bachoco. Mr. Aguirre holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He is member of the Board of Directors of: the newspaper El Debate, Tepeyac Produce, Inc., Servicios del Valle del Fuerte, S.A. de C.V., Agrobo, S.A. de C.V., Agricola Santa Veneranda, S.P.R. de R.L., Colegio Mochis, Grupo Financiero Banamex, in Sinaloa, and Director of Granja Rab, S.A. de C.V.

 

Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has served Bachoco as Purchasing Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. His other appointments include Chairman of the board and CEO of Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. and member of the Board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo, member of the Board since 1994. Mr. Robinson is an alternate Director for Mr. Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo and Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM and is has been of the Board and CEO of the Del Monte Foods. He was previously Commercial Director of Industrias Bachoco, a Senator of the Mexican Congress and was governor of the state of Sonora, Chairman of the Board of National Agribusiness Council (Consejo Nacional Agropecuario), Chairman of the Board of Umbrella Organization of the Private Sector Mexico (Consejo Coordinador Empresarial), and Member of the Board of Nafinsa, Bancomext and Focir, among others.

 

Jose Francisco Bours Griffith, Alternate Director of Mr. Octavio Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith, since 1994. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara. Mr. Robinson Bours has worked at Bachoco as Engineering Manager. He is currently dedicated to agricultural operations and has run an aquaculture farm for nine years.

 

Guillermo Pineda Cruz, Alternate Director of Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith since 1994. Mr. Pineda holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the ITESM and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Banamex and was a regional member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Financiero Serfin, Inverlat and InverMexico. He co-founded Edificadora PiBo, S.A. de C.V. and has been its President and CEO since 1983.

 

52
 

 

Gustavo Luders Becerril, Alternate Director of Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez and Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, was named Alternate Director during the annual general meeting held in April 2011. Mr. Luders holds an Accounting degree from the ITESM. He is a vegetable and fruit grower; he has served as Chairman of the Agricultural and Industrial Union Credit of the Yaqui Valley, Chairman of the Company Citricola Yaqui, and as Agent of citrus products in the Sonora state region.

 

Avelino Fernandez Salido, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He is also a member of the board of Banamex, and BBVA Bancomer. He is also Chairman of the Board of the following companies: Grupo Cajeme Motors, S.A. de C.V., Navojoa Motors, S.A. de C.V., Turymayo S.A. de C.V. and Gasolineras Turymayo S.A. de C.V. His business experience is in the marketing of grains.

 

Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He holds a degree in economics from the ITESM. He is currently CEO of Yeso Industrial de Navojoa S.A. de C.V. Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 24, 2013.

 

Eduardo Rojas Crespo was named Secretary of the Board of Directors in 2008. He holds a Law Degree from the UNAM. He also holds a post-graduate diploma in Environmental Law and Due Diligence, and a Specialty as well as a Master's Degree, both in Corporate Law; these three from the Anahuac University. Mr. Rojas has worked for Bachoco since 2004 as our Chief Legal Officer. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Rojas worked for 10 years as the Chief Legal Officer of Grupo Fimex.

 

Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso was Related Proprietary Director from April 25, 2011 to the day of his death on January 7, 2013. Mr. Mondragon joined Bachoco in 1982 and was Chief Executive Officer since 2001 to October 2010. Previously, Mr. Mondragon served in Bachoco as Administration Manager, as Manager of Corporate Finance and as Chief Financial Officer.

 

Honorary members

 

Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Chairman of the Board and co-founder of the Company, he retired in April 2002. Mr. Bours led the Company for 50 years. The Board named as Mr. Javier Robinson Bours Castelo, Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours’s nephew, as his successor.

 

Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, member of the Board of Directors, retired in April 2008, and was named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholder Director. On the same date, the Board named Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo as a Proprietary Shareholder Director in the place of Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada.

 

Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada, Mr. Bours was co-founder of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and a Proprietary Shareholder Director for 57 years. Mr. Bours got retired in April 2011 and named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholders Director. On the same date the Board named Mr. Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez as a Propriety Shareholders Director in the place of Mr. Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada.

 

53
 

 

Executive Officers

 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS        
Name   Position   Year of Birth
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu   Chief Executive Officer   1957
Trent Goins   Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operations   1978
Daniel Salazar Ferrer   Chief Financial Officer   1964
Ismael Sanchez Moreno   Director of Personnel   1965
Ernesto Salmon Castelo   Director of Operations   1962
Andres Morales Astiazaran   Director of Sales and Marketing   1968
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano   Comptroller Director   1955
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez   Director of Purchasing   1956

 

EXCECUTIVE OFFICER THAT HAVE LET THE COMPANY IN THE LAST 12-MONTHS

 

Name

 

 

Position

 

 

Year of Birth

  Date in which they left
the Company
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe   Director of Personnel   1947   July 2013
David Gastelum Cazares   Director of Sales   1957   December 2013
Paul Fox   Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operation   1966   February 2014

 

In 2013, Mr. Lopez, Director of Personnel, and Mr. Gastelum, Director of Sales, retired after a successful career in the Company. Their positions were assumed by Ismael Sanchez Moreno and Andres Morales Astiazaran, respectively.

 

Besides, in February 2014, Paul Fox, Chief Executive Officer, in the U.S. Operation left the Company; its position was taken by Trent Goins.

 

A biography of the Executive Offices is set forth below:

 

Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ramos joined us in 1980 and, he was named as Chief Executive Officer in November 2010. Previously, Mr. Ramos served Bachoco as its Technical Director since 1992 and also held positions in the Egg Quality Control Training Program and in Poultry Management as well as serving as Supervisor of the Commercial Egg Production Training Program, Manager of Raw Material Purchasing and as a Director of Production. Ramos holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM.

 

Trent Goins joined O. K. Foods, Inc., in January, 2003 as a management trainee. He was made Regional Sales Manager in 2005 with responsibility for retail sales. In 2008, Goins became Sr. Vice President of Sales and Marketing, a position he held until his appointment as CEO/President of O. K. Foods in February, 2014. Mr. Goins has served as past president and current board member of The Poultry Federation and is a present member of the National Chicken Council where he serves on the Executive Committee.

 

Daniel Salazar Ferrer, Chief Financial Officer. He joined us in 2000 and assumed his current position in January 2003. Previously, Mr. Salazar worked for four years as Chief Financial Officer at Grupo Covarrubias and as Comptroller at Negromex, a company of Grupo Desc. Mr. Salazar holds an Accounting degree from Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico, a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM, and a Diploma from the IPADE (D1).

 

Ernesto Salmon Castelo, Director of Operations, joined us in 1991 and assumed his current position in 2000. Previously, Mr. Salmon worked for Gamesa, S.A. de C.V. and for us as Sales Manager in Sonora, Northwestern Distribution Manager, Manager of the Processing Plant in Celaya, Southeastern Division Manager and Bajio Division Manager. Mr. Salmon holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM.

 

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Andres Morales Astiazaran, Director of Sales and Marketing, assumed this position in January 2014. Previously Mr. Morales was Director of Marketing and Modern Channels since July 2006. Before joining us, Mr. Morales worked for 4 years as Sales and Marketing Vice President in Smithfield Foods, a U.S. Company with offices in Sonora, Mexico. Previously Mr. Morales worked for Bachoco as Marketing Manager, Manager of the Northeast division and then as National Manager of Bachoco. Mr. Morales holds an accounting degree from the ITESM and attended marketing courses at Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, the ITESM and the IPADE (D1).

 

Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, Comptroller Director since March 2009. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Esparza worked for more than 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry for three multinational companies. During that time, Mr. Esparza managed and directed every area within Finance and Administration as Accounting Manager, Tax Manager Comptroller, Financial Planning Director and Finance Director. Mr. Esparza holds a degree in public accounting and several post-graduate diplomas in Business Administration, Economics and Direction of Enterprises from universities such as Instituto Politecnico Nacional, University of California at Berkeley, the ITESM, University of Almeria Spain and the IPADE.

 

Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez, was named purchasing Director in 2010. Mr. Calles joined Bachoco in January 2010 as Manager of Purchasing. Previously Mr. Calles worked as the CEO of “Agroinsumos Cajeme,” Chairman of the Board of the “Distrito de Riego” in the Yaqui River, Secretary of the SAGARPA in the state of Sonora, and Leader of the Secretaries of SAGARPA in Mexico and Manager of the leasing department of Inverlat. Mr. Calles holds a degree in Agronomy from the ITESM.

 

Ismael Sanchez Moreno, Mr. Sanchez joined Bachoco in 2013. Prior to his affiliation with Bachoco, Mr. Sanchez held several senior human resources positions, including change Management Director and Planning and Development Human Resources Director at Gupo Modelo. He previously worked for Cemex as Organization and Compensation Director, General Manager for Commercial Innovation Processes and Development and Training Senior Manager. Mr. Sanchez graduated with a degree in Politics Sciences and Sociology from the Complutense University of Madrid, and holds an MBA from the IE Business School and a MS in Human Resources from CEF.

 

B.Compensation

 

The table below sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our directors and executive officers, for services they rendered in their respective capacities, for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

TOTAL COMPENSATIONS  As of December 31, 
   2013
$
   2012
$
   2011
$
 
Compensation, net  (in millions pesos)   52.8    39.3    44.5 

 

C.Board Practices

 

We do not have any special agreements or contracts with any member of our board. All of our board members are subject to the specific expiration dates of their current terms of office.

 

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Audit and Corporate Practices Committee

 

The mandate of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable and accurately reflects our financial position. In particular, pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, among others, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee must do the following:

 

-Submit an annual report to the Board of Directors;

 

-Inform the Board of Directors of the current condition of the internal controls and internal auditing system of the Company or of the entities it controls, including any irregularities detected;

 

-Require the relevant directors and other employees of the Company, or of the entities it controls, to provide reports relative to the preparation of the financial information or any other kind of reports or information it deems appropriate to perform its duties;

 

-Receive observations formulated by shareholders, Board members, relevant officers, employees and, in general, any third party with regard to the matters under the Audit Committee duties, as well as carry out the actions that, in its judgment, may be appropriate in connection with such observations;

 

-Inform the Board of Directors of any material irregularities detected as a result of the performance of its duties and, as applicable, inform the Board of Directors of the corrective actions taken, or otherwise propose the actions that should be taken;

 

-Call Shareholders Meetings and cause the items it deems pertinent to be inserted into the agendas of such Shareholders’ Meetings; and

 

-Assist the Board of Directors in selecting candidates for audit and reviewing the scope and terms of the auditor’s engagement, as well as evaluate the performance of the entity that provides the external auditing services and analyze the report, opinions, statements and other information prepared and signed by the external auditor.

 

Mr. Avelino Fernandez was the President of the Audit Committee from April 2007 until April 2011, when Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix succeeded him to the Presidency.

 

Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert of the Company from April 27, 2011 until his death on April 18, 2012. Currently, no member of our audit committee possesses all the characteristics included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A.

 

On August 22, 2012, Mr. Humberto Schwarzbeck was elected as Interim President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee. Later, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 24, 2013, Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee which is composed of the following members:

 

AUDIT AND CORPORATE PRACTICES COMMITTEE

 

Name   Position   Member since
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega   President   2003
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa   Member   2003
Avelino Fernandez Salido   Member   2003

 

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Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa represents the controlling shareholders and has no voting rights in the audit committee.

 

D.Employees

 

The Company has employees in Mexico and the United States.

 

In 2013, around 59.0% of our employees in Mexico were members of labor unions in our operations in Mexico. As of March 2014 and the date of this annual report, labor relations with our employees in Mexico are governed by 51 separate collective labor agreements, each relating to a different group of employees and negotiated on behalf of each such group by a different labor union.

 

In general, we believe that we have good relations with our employees. We have not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems.

 

As is typical in Mexico, wages are renegotiated every year while other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated every two years. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a pension and savings plan.

 

In our U.S. operations none of our employees are members of labor unions. As of the date of this Annual Report labor relations with our U.S. employees are not governed by any collective labor bargaining agreements

 

As is typical in the U.S., wages and other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated periodically. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a health insurance and a retirement savings plan.

 

WORKFORCE                    
   2013   2012   2011   2010   2009 
Total employees:   24,486    25,272    25,326    23,473    24,065 
in Mexico   21,404    22,048    22,473    23,473    24,065 
In the U.S.   3,082    3,224    2,853    0    0 

 

E.Share Ownership

 

To the best of our knowledge, no individual director or manager holds Shares of the Company. At this time, we have not developed a share options plan for our employees.

 

ITEM 7. Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions

 

Before September 2006, our common stocks consisted of 450,000,000 Series B Shares and 150,000,000 Series L Shares. Holders of Series B Shares were entitled to one vote at any general meeting of our stockholders for each Series B Share held. Holders of Series L Shares were entitled to one vote for each Series L Share held, but only with respect to certain matters. We had UBL Units consisting of one Series B Share and one Series L Share and B Units consisting in two Series B Shares.

 

During the extraordinary meeting held on April 26, 2006 Shareholders approved the Company’s plan to convert the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, with full voting rights, as well as the dissolution of UBL and UBB Units into their components Shares.

 

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This process was completed in September 2006, and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units trading on the Mexican Exchange into their component Shares and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, thereby creating a single share class, the Series B Shares. These Shares are trading on the Mexican stock market. The ADR which trade on the NYSE still consist of twelve underlying Shares, but they are all Series B Shares, with full voting rights.

 

Currently, the Company’s common stock consists of 600,000,000 Shares with full voting rights.

 

A.Major Shareholders

 

The Robinson Bours family owned 82.75% of the total shares outstanding of the Company. Their position was established through two Mexican trusts; the Control Trust and the Underwriting Trust (or “Family Trust”) that together held 496,500,000 Shares outstanding. The remaining 17.25% of shares were the free float of the Company.

 

On December 9, 2013, the Company announced that the Underwriting Trust had sold 9.5% of its shares. This transaction was carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange at the market price. As a result of this transaction, the Company’s free float increased from 17.25% to 26.75% over the total shares outstanding.

 

As a result, the Capital Stock is distributed as follows:

 

   Before the transaction   After the transaction 
   Shares(1)   Position   Shares(1)   Position 
Family Trusts   496,500,000    82.75%   439,500,000    73.25%
Control Trust   312,000,000    52.00%   312,000,000    52.00%
Underwriting Trust   184,500,000    30.75%   127,500,000    21.25%
Float(2)   103,500,000    17.25%   160,500,000    26.75%
(1)All shares B Class with full voting rights.
(2)Trading on the BMV and at the NYSE.

 

According to our Depositary Bank, as of March 31, 2014 we had 4,348,047 ADRs outstanding in the NYSE, which represent 8.7% over the total shares and 32.5% over the free float.

 

ADRs Outstanding            
   2013   2012   2011 
Total  ADRs Outstanding   4,593,364    4,560,699    6,071,748 
Percentage Over Total Shares   9.2%   9.1%   12.1%

 

We estimate that the difference between total shares outstanding at the NYSE and the total free float represents the shares trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange.

 

According to information providing by the Bank of New York Mellon as of December 31, 2013, and March 31, 2014, from the 100.0% of the total Shares of the Company, there were approximately 78 and 83 shareholders in the NYSE respectively.

 

According to most recent information providing by stock houses at the date of our 2014 Bachoco’s stockholders Annual meeting, we estimated that there are 1,061 Shareholders at the BMV.

 

The following table sets forth the Company’s main shareholders, which held 1.0% or more of the total shares of the Company, as of December 31, 2013.

 

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   Shares(1)   Position   Country 
Control Trust   312,000,000    52.00%   Mexico 
Underwriting Trust   127,500,000    21.25%   Mexico 
Royce & Associates LLC   17,885,652    3.0%   U.S. 
River Road Asset Management LLC   6,477,060    1.1%   U.S. 

(1) All shares B Class with full voting rights.

 

As of the date of March, 2014 there have been no significant changes in the composition of the Company’s main shareholders.

 

B.Related Party Transactions

 

It is our policy not to engage in any transaction with or for the benefit of any stockholder or member of the Board of Directors, or any entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial economic interest, unless (i) the transaction is related to our business and (ii) the price and other terms are at least as favorable to us as those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from a third party.

 

We have engaged in a variety of transactions with entities owned by members of the Robinson Bours family, all of which we believe were consistent with this policy and not material to our business and results of operations.

 

We expect to engage in similar transactions in the future. All of these transactions are described below:

 

-We regularly purchase vehicles and related equipment from distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive aspect of business in the areas in which we operate. We are not dependent on affiliated distributors and are able to ensure that the pricing and service we obtain from affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other suppliers.

 

-The Robinson Bours Stockholders also own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., an air transport company that provides transportation for members of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at our headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato in Mexico.

 

-We purchased feed and packaging materials from enterprises owned by Robinson Bours Stockholders, the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours.

 

-We also have accounts payable to related parties. These transactions took place among companies owned by the same set of stockholders.

 

Neither we nor our subsidiaries have loaned any money to any of our directors or officers, controlling shareholders or entities controlled by these parties.

 

REVENUES FROM RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In millions of Pesos  As of December 31, 
   2013
$
   2012
$
   2011
$
 
Feed and packaging materials   42.7    38.7    24.3 
Vehicles and related equipment   0.0    0.5    0.7 
Air Transportation Services   0.0    0.0    0.0 

 

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EXPENSES INCURRED IN RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In millions of Pesos  As of December 31, 
   2013
$
   2012
$
   2011
$
 
Feed and packaging materials   523.8    608.5    477.3 
Vehicles and related equipment   157.5    129.8    145.3 
Air Transportation Services   7.4    10.1    10.1 

 

BALANCES WITH RELATED PARTIES
In millions of Pesos  As of December 31, 
   2013
$
   2012
$
 
Feed and packaging materials   40.2    65.6 
Vehicles and related equipment   13.9    22.4 
Air Transportation Services   0.0    0.0 

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the balances due to related parties are the balances owed denominated in pesos, which do not accrue interest, payable in cash in the short-term, for which there are no guarantees.

 

See Note 19 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail regarding income and expenses incurred in connection with third parties transactions.

 

C.Interests of Experts and Counsel

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 8. Financial Information

 

A.Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Item 18 of this Annual Report. The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements were audited by independent registered public accounting firms and are accompanied by their audit reports.

 

The Auditors

 

On September 3, 2013, we announced that the Company’s Board of Directors, as per the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved the selection of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu / Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. (“Deloitte”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, effective as of September 30, 2013.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business.

 

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We believe that none of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial positions and consolidated results of operations.

 

Dividends Policy

 

Pursuant to Mexican law and our bylaws, the declaration, amount and payment of annual dividends are determined by a majority vote of the shareholders, generally but not necessarily on the recommendation of the Board of Directors.

 

DIVIDENDS    
   As of December 31, 
   2013   2012   2011 
Total dividends paid (in million pesos)   950.400    299.2    299.9 
Dividend paid per Share (in pesos)   1.584    0.500    0.500 
Dividends paid per ADR (in pesos)   19.000    6.000    6.000 

 

Although there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future dividends, we expect to pay an annual dividend pro rata to holders of outstanding Shares in an amount of approximately 20.0% of the prior year’s net income. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors and the shareholders, including debt instruments which may limit our ability to pay dividends.

 

Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends or of the amount of any such dividends. BSACV, our principal operating subsidiary, could, in the future, enter into loan agreements containing covenants whose terms limit its ability to pay dividends under certain circumstances.

 

Mexican law requires that 5.0% of our net income each year be allocated to a legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20.0% of our capital stock. Mexican corporations may pay dividends only out of earnings (including retained earnings after all losses have been absorbed or paid up) and only after such allocation to the legal reserve fund. The Company complies with this requirement and it is able to distribute dividends.

 

B.Significant Changes

 

The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Through December 31, 2013, BSACV, the Company’s main subsidiary, was subject to the simplified regime. This simplified regime is applicable to agriculture, cattle-raising and fishing, among others, and permitted a reduced tax rate. See further discussion below.

 

Starting on January 1, 2014, the simplified tax regime, the Flat Rate Business Tax (“IETU”) and the cash deposit cash (“IDE”) laws were repealed.

 

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ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing

 

A.Offer and Listing Details

 

We trade with fully registered shares, since 1997. The Company trades in the NYSE and the BMV with one single class of shares, with full rights.

 

On the NYSE, we trade through ADRs, with full registration, level 3, and each of our ADRs represents twelve shares. Our Depositary Bank is the Bank of New York Mellon.

 

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The following tables set forth the high, low and close prices of the Shares on the BMV and NYSE, reported by these companies, for each of the periods indicated.

 

SHARE PRICES    
   Mexican Stock Exchange   The New York Stock Exchange 
   Ticker Symbol: Bachoco   Ticker Symbol: IBA 
   In  nominal pesos per Share   In U.S. Dollar per ADR 
Year  High   Low   Close   High   Low   Close 
2013   45.25    28.80    44.16    43.08    27.02    40.27 
2012   30.13    20.59    30.13    27.97    18.86    27.92 
2011   27.86    20.30    22.30    28.75    17.40    19.07 
2010   26.99    18.40    25.55    26.10    17.01    24.19 
2009   26.00    11.85    25.00    23.16    9.03    23.00 

 

Quarter  High   Low   Close   High   Low   Close 
4Q-2013   45.25    42.00    44.16    41.84    38.43    40.27 
3Q-2013   45.13    37.30    43.02    43.08    34.39    39.47 
2Q-2013   37.20    32.60    37.08    35.30    31.14    34.70 
1Q-2013   34.27    28.80    32.92    33.89    27.02    27.69 
4Q-2012   30.13    25.35    30.13    27.97    23.50    27.92 
3Q-2012   26.35    24.38    25.77    24.06    21.51    24.06 
2Q-2012   25.10    21.53    24.90    22.15    19.55    21.95 
1Q-2012   23.30    20.59    22.50    21.55    18.86    21.06 

 

Month  High   Low   Close   High   Low   Close 
Mar 2014   44.79    42.00    44.79    28.03    27.07    27.82 
Feb 2014   32.34    28.97    31.80    30.35    27.02    30.01 
Jan 2014   34.27    31.82    32.92    33.89    29.91    32.12 
Dec 2013   45.12    43.01    44.16    41.84    39.25    40.27 
Nov 2013   45.25    43.10    43.11    41.55    39.49    39.73 
Oct 2013   44.79    42.00    44.79    41.24    38.43    40.99 

Source: yahoo finance

 

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The following tables set forth the total trading volume of our Shares and ADRs on the BMV and NYSE, respectively, for each of the periods indicated.

 

TRADING VOLUME OF THE COMPANY’S SHARES

 

   BMV   NYSE 
   In Shares   In ADR 
Year  Total Volume   Total Volume 
2013   99,089,400    4,332,600 
2012   44,787,100    4,525,400 
2011   31,333,000    3,338,300 
2010   14,527,900    2,174,700 
2009   4,816,500    2,670,400 
Quarter   Total Volume    Total Volume 
4Q-2013   70,033,300(1)   1,188,300 
3Q-2013   8,791,500    1,222,900 
2Q-2013   10,389,900    950,000 
1Q-2013   9,874,700    971,400 
Last 6 months   Total Volume    Total Volume 
Mar 2014   1,767,800    147,700 
Feb 2014   1,341,100    164,000 
Jan 2014   6,731,700    644,000 
Dec 2013   65,799,500    691,900 
Nov 2013   2,051,500    246,600 
Oct 2013   2,182,300    249,800 

source: yahoo finance

 

Market Maker

 

On January 24, 2011, the Company hired Accival services as its market maker in order to promote and increase liquidity of its shares listed on the BMV.

 

The market maker was traded for two periods of six months and ended its operation on December 24, 2011. Although there was a significant increase in trading volume, the Company decided not to renew a third period with the market maker.

 

B.Plan of Distribution

 

Not applicable.

 

C.Markets

 

On September 19, 1997, Bachoco commenced trading on the BMV, and on the NYSE.

 

As of March 31, 2014 there was 4,348,047 ADRs outstanding at the NYSE, It represented 8.7% of the total Shares of the Company or the 32.5% of the free float.

 

Based on these figures, we can assume that the remaining 67.5% of the free float is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange.

 

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Exchange   Country   Ticker Symbol   Securities
BMV   Mexico   Bachoco   Shares
NYSE   U.S.   IBA   ADR

 

D.Selling Shareholders

 

Not applicable.

 

E.Dilution

 

Not applicable.

 

F.Expenses of the Issue

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 10.     Additional Information

 

A.Share Capital

 

Not applicable.

 

B.Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

Information regarding the memorandum and articles of association are included in our F-1 Form and, an English translation of our bylaws is attached in this annual report, and is incorporated by reference herein and is also available on our web page www.bachoco.com.mx

 

The discussion set forth below contains information concerning our capital stock and a brief summary of the material provisions of the bylaws and applicable Mexican law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the bylaws and the applicable provisions of Mexican law.

 

General

 

The Company was incorporated on April 17, 1980 as a variable capital corporation (sociedad anonima de capital variable) under the laws of Mexico. To fully comply with Mexican laws, the Company modified its name to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. (sociedad anonima bursatil de capital variable) in April 2007.

 

In 1995, our stockholders authorized the issuance of up to 15,525,000 additional Series B Shares and 15,525,000 additional Series L Shares, all constituting fixed capital, to be issued in connection with the global offering of Shares that took place on September 19, 1997 (the “Global Offering”).

 

On April 21, 1997, we restructured our capital by (i) declaring a four-to-one stock split of the 106,678,125 Series B Shares and 35,559,375 Series L Shares outstanding, (ii) converting 7,762,500 Series L Shares (on a post-split basis) into Series B Shares and (iii) combining all of the 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares outstanding (in each case, on a post-split basis) into 134,475,000 Units and 150,000,000 B Units. Holders of Units were entitled to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares and Series L Shares underlying their Units. Each B Unit consisted of two Series B Shares. B Units entitle the holders thereof to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares underlying such B Units. Immediately prior to the Global Offering, our outstanding capital stock consisted of 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares, all of which were duly authorized, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable.

 

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During the annual shareholders meeting held on April 26, 2006, shareholders approved to proceed with the anticipated conversion of the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, which have full voting rights. This conversion was effective in September 2006 and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units currently trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange into their component Shares, and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares (on a one-to-one basis), thereby created a single share class, the Series B Shares, which represents all of our Common Stock.

 

The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to ensure that the Control Trust will hold at least 51.0% of the Series B Shares at any time outstanding. See “—Foreign Investment Legislation” in this Item.

 

On April 27, 2011 during the extraordinary Stockholders meeting the Article Two - XII of our bylaws were modified as follows:

 

Prior language   Current language

Produce, transform, adapt, import, export, purchase and sell, under any title,

machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and

merchandise of any kind

 

“Produce, transform, adapt or manufacturing of processed food in package and/or canned and/or in flask, as well as import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind”

 

     

Note: An English translation of our complete bylaws is attached in this annual report.

 

Registration and Transfer

 

Shares are evidenced by certificates in registered form, which may have dividend coupons attached. We maintain a registry and, in accordance with Mexican law, we recognize as stockholders only those holders listed in the stock registry. Stockholders may hold their Shares in the form of physical certificates (which, together with notations made in our stock registry, evidence ownership of the Shares) or through book entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval.

 

Indeval is the holder of record in respect of Shares held through it. Accounts may be maintained at Indeval by brokerage houses, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV. Ownership of Shares maintained at Indeval is evidenced through Indeval’s records and through lists kept by Indeval participants.

 

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In accordance with Article 130 of the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (“Mexican Corporations Law”), the Board of Directors must authorize any transfer of stock, or any securities based on such stock, when the number of Shares sought to be transferred in one act or a succession of acts, without limit of time or from one group of interrelated stockholders or stockholders who act in concert, constitutes 10.0% or more of the voting stock issued by the Company. If the Board of Directors refuses to authorize such a transfer, the Board must designate one or more purchasers of the stock, who must pay the interested party the prevailing price on the Mexican Stock Exchange. The Board must issue its resolution within three months of the date on which it receives the relevant request for authorization and in any case, must consider: (i) the criteria that are in the best interests of the Company, the Company’s operations and the long-term vision of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) that no shareholder of the Company is excluded, other than the person that intends to acquire control of the financial benefits that may result from the application of the terms of this clause; (iii) that the taking of the Control of the Company is not restricted in an absolute manner; (iv) that the provisions of the Securities Market Law, with respect to acquisition public offerings, are not contravened; and (v) that the exercise of the patrimonial rights of the acquirer are not rendered without effect.

 

If any person participates in a transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more voting stock of the Company without having obtained the board’s prior approval, they must pay the Company a fine equal to the market value of the Shares.

 

Any person who participates in an act that violates the terms of Article 130 discussed in the preceding paragraph will be obligated to pay the Company a fine in an amount equal to the value of the Shares owned directly or indirectly by the stockholder, or the value of the Shares involved in the prohibited transaction, if such person does not own Shares issued by the Company. In the case of a prohibited transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more of the voting stock of the Company, the fine will be equal to the market value of those Shares, provided that board authorization was not obtained in advance.

 

According to our bylaws, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors must authorize in writing, by a resolution made at a Board of Directors’ meeting, any change in the control of the Company. Our Board of Directors has the right to decide if a person or a group of persons is acting for the purpose of acquiring control of the Company.

 

“Control” or “Controlled” means (i) to directly or indirectly impose decisions at the general meetings of shareholders, stockholders or equivalent bodies or to appoint or remove the majority of the directors, managers or equivalent officers; (ii) to hold title to the rights that directly or indirectly allow the exercise of votes with respect to more than fifty percent of the capital stock; or (iii) to directly or indirectly direct the management, the strategy or the principal policies of the Company, whether through the ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings

 

Each share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at any general meeting of the stockholders. Holders are currently entitled to elect all members of the Board of Directors.

 

Our bylaws provide that the Board of Directors shall consist of at least five members and no more than twenty one. The stockholders also appointed four alternate Shareholder Directors to the Board of Directors.

 

General stockholders’ meetings may be ordinary or extraordinary meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are meetings called to consider the matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law and the bylaws, including changes in the fixed portion of the capital stock and other amendments to the bylaws, liquidation, merger, transformation from one type of corporate form to another, change in nationality and changes of corporate purposes.

 

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General meetings called to consider all other matters, including election of the directors, are ordinary meetings. An ordinary general meeting of the Company must be held at least annually during the four months following the end of the preceding fiscal year to consider certain matters specified in Article 181 and 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law, including, principally, the election of directors, the approval of the report of the Board of Directors regarding their company’s performance, the Company’s financial statements for the preceding fiscal year and the allocation of the profits and losses of the preceding year, and to approve the transactions that the Company or the entities that the Company controls intend to carry out, in terms of article 47 of the Securities Market Law, in one fiscal year, when such transactions represent 20.0% (twenty percent) or more of the consolidated assets of the Company, based on the figures corresponding to the closing of the immediately preceding quarter, independently of the manner in which such transactions are carried out, whether simultaneously or successively, but which due to their characteristics, may be considered as a single transaction. Holders of Shares may vote at such Meetings.

 

Under our bylaws, the quorum on first call for a general ordinary meeting is at least 50%. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called at which action may be taken by a majority of those present, regardless of the number of Shares represented at the meeting. On a second call, Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meetings will be considered validly held regardless of the number of common or ordinary Shares represented therein and the resolutions of such Meetings will be valid when passed by majority vote of the Common Stock therein.

 

The quorum on first call for a general extraordinary meeting or a special meeting is 75% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting are represented.

 

Our bylaws require the approval of holders of at least 95% of the outstanding Shares and the approval of the CNBV for the amendment of the controlling stockholders’ obligation under the bylaws to repurchase Shares and certain other provisions in the event of delisting. See “—Other Provisions—Repurchase in the Event of Delisting.” For more detail, see our bylaws on our webpage at www.bachoco.com.mx. Holders of ADRs are entitled to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights.

 

According to our bylaws, stockholders with a right to vote may ask to postpone a vote on any matters on which they believe they do not have enough information as defined by Article 199 of the Mexican Corporation Law. Stockholders with a right to vote, including a limited right to vote, and who hold at least 20% of the capital stock, may legally object to the decisions of a general stockholders’ meeting, with respect to matters in which they have rights, without the percentage established under article 201 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable in such case.

 

Moreover, holders of shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5% or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action will not be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under articles 161 and 163 of the General Law of Business Entities.

 

The Board of Directors, or its President or Secretary or the judicial authority, as applicable, must issue notices of calls of Shareholders’ Meetings. In addition, shareholders that jointly or separately represent at least 10% of the capital of the Company may request the President of the Board of Directors or the President of the Audit Committee to call a General Shareholder’s Meeting, without the percentage indicated under article 184 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable for such purpose. If the notice of meeting is not issued within fifteen days after the date of the corresponding request, a Civil or District Judge of the Company’s domicile will issue such notice at the request of the interested parties that represent the requesting 10% of the capital, who must present their stock certificates for such purpose.

 

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At least 15 days prior to the meeting, notice of the meeting must be published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (“Official Gazette”) or in a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City. Stockholders’ meetings may be held without such publication provided that 100% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed by such meeting are represented.

 

From the moment that a call for a stockholders’ meeting is made public, all the information related to the meeting must be available to the stockholders. In order to attend a stockholders’ meeting, a stockholder must request and obtain an admission card by furnishing, at least 24 hours before the time set for holding the stockholders’ meeting, appropriate evidence of ownership of Shares in us and depositing such Shares with our corporate secretary or with an institution authorized to accept such deposit. If so entitled to attend the meeting, a stockholder may be represented by proxy signed before two witnesses. Additionally, the stockholder may be represented at the stockholders’ meetings by a person named by proxy, on a printed form that we issue, which, under Mexican law, must identify our Company and indicate clearly the matters to be addressed in the meeting, with enough space for the instructions that the stockholder specifies. We are obliged to make information on the upcoming meeting available to the intermediaries in the stock market, for the time specified in Article 173 of the Mexican Law, in order to give the intermediaries time to send it to the stockholders they represent. The Secretary of the Board of Directors must verify that this requirement is met and report on this matter at the stockholders’ meeting. See “—Registration and Transfer.”

 

Members of the Board

 

Under the Mexican Corporations Law, a Board of Directors must conform to the following requirements:

 

-The Board of Directors will be integrated by a minimum of five and a maximum of twenty-one principal members.

 

-At least twenty-five percent of the members of the Board of Directors must be independent, in accordance with the terms of article 24 of the Securities Market Law.

 

-For each principal member, a substitute will be appointed, in the understanding that the substitutes of independent Board members must also be independent.

 

Besides satisfying all of the requirements mentioned above, failure to meet these standards for any reason will not constitute grounds for judicial action challenging any act, contract, or agreement undertaken by the board, an intermediate committee or other delegated authority. Furthermore, such standards will not be mandatory for the validity or existence of such acts.

 

The Board of Directors must meet at least every three months at our address or any other place in Mexico and on the dates that the board determines. Meetings previously scheduled in accordance with a schedule pre-approved by the board do not need to be called. Meetings must be called by at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of the Board or the President of the Audit Committee. Members of the board must be notified via e-mail or in writing at least five calendar days in advance of a meeting.

 

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Dividends and Distributions

 

At the annual ordinary general stockholders’ meeting, the Board of Directors submits our financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board, to the holders of Shares for their consideration. The holders of Shares, once they have approved the financial statements, determine the allocation of our net profits, if any, for the preceding year. As of December 31, 2013, our legal reserve fund was equal to at least 20% of our paid-in capital stock. Amounts in excess of those allocated to the legal reserve fund may be allocated to other reserve funds as the stockholders determine, including a reserve for the repurchase of our Shares. The remaining balance of net profits, if any, is available for distribution as dividends. No dividends may be paid, however, unless losses for prior fiscal years have been paid or absorbed.

 

Holders of shares and, accordingly, holders of ADRs will have equal rights, on a per Share basis, to dividends and other distributions, including any distributions we make upon liquidation. Partially paid Shares participate in any distribution to the extent that such Shares have been paid at the time of the distribution or, if not paid, only with respect to the proportion paid.

 

Changes in Capital Stock

 

An increase of capital stock may generally be affected through the issuance of new shares for payment in cash or in kind, by capitalization of indebtedness or by capitalization of certain items of stockholders’ equity. An increase of capital stock generally may not be realized until all previously issued and subscribed Shares of capital stock have been fully paid. Generally, a reduction of capital stock may be effected to absorb losses, to redeem Shares, or to release stockholders from payments not made. A reduction of capital stock to redeem Shares is effected by reimbursing holders of Shares pro rata or by lot. Stockholders may also approve the redemption of fully paid Shares with retained earnings. Such redemption would be affected by a repurchase of Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange (in the case of Shares listed thereon).

 

Except under limited circumstances, the bylaws require that any capital increase affected pursuant to a capital contribution be represented Shares.

 

The fixed portion of our capital stock may only be increased or decreased by resolution of a general extraordinary meeting and an amendment to the bylaws, whereas the variable portion of our capital stock may be increased or decreased by resolution of a general ordinary meeting. See “Other Provisions—Fixed and Variable Capital.”

 

No resolution by the stockholders is required for decreases in capital stock resulting from exercise of our right to withdraw variable Shares or from our repurchase of our own Shares or for increases in capital stock resulting from our sale of Shares we previously purchased. See “Other Provisions—Purchase by the Company of its Shares” and “Other Provisions—Appraisal Rights.”

 

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Preemptive Rights

 

Except in certain limited circumstances, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of new Shares for payment in cash or in kind, a holder of existing Shares of a given Series at the time of the capital increase has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of new Shares of the same Series to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of Shares of that Series or, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of limited-voting or non-voting stock only, to subscribe for a sufficient number of the Shares to be issued to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of our capital stock. Preemptive rights must be exercised within 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (Official Gazette) or following the date of the stockholders’ meeting at which the capital increase was approved if all stockholders were represented at such meeting; otherwise, such rights will lapse. Under Mexican law, preemptive rights cannot be waived in advance by a stockholder, except under limited circumstances, and cannot be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share. The Robinson Bours Stockholders, including the Selling Stockholders, have waived all preemptive rights with respect to the Shares and the ADRs being offered in the Global Offering. Holders of ADRs that are U.S. citizens or are located in the United States may be restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights.

 

Foreign Investment Legislation

 

Ownership by foreigners of Shares of Mexican companies is regulated by the Ley de Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Law”) and by the Reglamento de la Ley para Promover la Inversion Mexicana y Regular la Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Regulations”). The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.

 

The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican state and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations, and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own up to 100.0% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission, in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49.0%.

 

Other Provisions

 

Fixed and variable capital

 

As a “sociedad anonima de capital variable”, we are permitted to issue Shares constituting fixed capital and Shares constituting variable capital. The issuance of variable capital Shares, unlike the issuance of fixed capital Shares, does not require an amendment of the bylaws, although it does require approval at a general ordinary stockholders’ meeting. In no case may the capital of the Company be decreased to less than the minimum required by law and any decrease in the shareholders’ equity must be registered in the Equity Variations Book that the Company will keep for such purpose.

 

Repurchase in the event of delisting

 

In the event of cancellation of the registration of the Company’s Shares in such Registry, whether at the request of the Company or by a resolution of the National Securities and Banking Commission under applicable law, the Company agrees to make a public offering for the acquisition of the total number of the Shares registered prior to the cancellation. The Company must contribute to a trust for at least six months, the necessary resources to purchase at the same price of the public offering, the Shares of the investors that did not attend or did not accept such offer, in case that after the public offering for purchase has been made and prior to the cancellation of the registration of the Shares that represent the capital stock of the Company or of other securities issued based on such Shares in the National Securities Registry, the Company had been unable to acquire 100.0% of the paid in capital stock.

 

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Forfeiture of Shares

 

As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that our current and future foreign stockholders are formally bound to the Mexican Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (“Ministry of Foreign Relations”) to consider themselves as Mexican nationals with respect to our Shares that they may acquire or of which they may be owners, and with respect to the property, rights, concessions, participations or interests that we may own or rights and obligations that are based on contracts to which we are party with the Mexican authorities, and not to invoke the protection of their government under penalty, should they do so, of forfeiting to the Mexican State the corporate participation that they may have acquired. In the opinion of Galicia & Robles, S.C., our special Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican stockholder (including a non-Mexican holder of ADRs) is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of his own government by requesting such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have with respect to its investment in us, including any rights under U.S. securities laws. If the stockholder should invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican State. Mexican law requires that such a provision be included in the bylaws of all Mexican corporations unless such bylaws prohibit ownership of capital stock by foreign investors.

 

Exclusive Jurisdiction

 

Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to any conflict between our stockholders and us, or among the stockholders in connection with matters related to us, may be brought only in courts in Mexico City. Therefore, our stockholders are restricted to the courts of Mexico City.

 

Duration

 

The duration of our existence under our bylaws is indefinite.

 

Repurchase of our own Shares

 

We may repurchase our Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange at any time at the then prevailing market price. Any repurchases will be charged to the Stockholders Equity as long as these Shares belong to the same Company or to the Capital Stock in the event that we convert these Shares to treasury stock, and in this last case no resolution of the stockholders’ meeting is required. At each annual ordinary Stockholder’s Meeting, the maximum amount of resources that may be used to repurchase Shares will be expressly defined. The Board of Directors will name the persons responsible for the operation of the repurchase process. The Shares that belong to the Treasury Stock or us can be resold among the public stockholders; in the latter case, no resolution of a stockholders’ meeting is necessary for an increase in capital. The economic and voting rights corresponding to such repurchased Shares may not be exercised during the period in which such Shares are owned by us, and such Shares are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating any quorum or vote at any stockholders’ meeting during such period.

 

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Non-Subscribed Shares

 

With prior authorization of the CNBV, we may issue non-subscribed Shares provided that such Shares will be held by a depositary institution and that there is compliance with the conditions of Article 53 of the Ley del Mercado de Valores (“Mexican Securities Law”). In any extraordinary stockholders’ meeting at which this issuance of non-subscribed Shares is approved, the preference rights established by Article 132 of the Mexican Corporations Law must be respected. With a quorum at the meeting, the approval of the issuance will take effect, even with respect to stockholders that were not present at the meeting, such that we will be free to issue these Shares with no prior publication. When a minority of stockholders representing at least 25.0% of the voting capital stock vote against the issuance of these Shares, such issuance cannot be made. Any stockholder that votes against this issuance at the stockholders’ meeting will have the right to request that we sell its Shares before issuing the new non-subscribed Shares. In such event, we will have the obligation to sell first the Shares belonging to such stockholders, at the same price that the non-subscribed Shares are to be offered to the public.

 

Stockholder Conflicts of Interest

 

Under Mexican law, any stockholder that has a conflict of interest with respect to any transaction must abstain from voting thereon at the relevant stockholders’ meeting. A stockholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of ours may be liable for damages if the transaction would not have been approved without such stockholder’s vote.

 

Board Member Conflicts of Interest

 

Under Mexican law, any member of the Board of Directors who has a conflict of interest with us in any transaction must disclose such fact to the other members of the Board of Directors and abstain from voting. Any member of the Board of Directors who violates such provision may be liable for damages caused to us. Additionally, members of the Board of Directors and statutory auditors may not represent other stockholders at any stockholders’ meeting.

 

Appraisal Rights

 

Whenever the stockholders approve a change of corporate purpose, a change in our nationality or transformation from one type of corporation form to another, any stockholder entitled to vote on such change or transformation who has voted against it has the right to withdraw from us and receive the amount calculated as specified under Mexican law attributable to its Shares, provided such stockholder exercises its right to withdraw within 15 days following the adjournment of the meeting at which the change or transformation was approved. Under Mexican law, the amount that a withdrawing stockholder is entitled to receive is equal to its proportionate interest in our capital stock according to the most recent balance sheet that has been approved by an ordinary general meeting of stockholders.

 

Actions against Directors

 

Under Mexican law, holders of Shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5.0% (five percent) or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action, among others, will be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under the Mexican Law.

 

Audit Committee and Corporate Practices

 

Under our bylaws, the Board of Directors is required to create an Audit Committee and Corporate Practices under the terms and conditions outlined below:

 

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-The Audit Committee and Corporate Practices will consist of members of the Board of Directors. The President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices and a majority of the committee members must be independent, as independence is defined under the Mexican Securities Market Law.

 

-The mandate of the audit committee and corporate practices is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable, and accurately reflects our financial position.

 

For more detail or to read more about the Committee’s activities please refer to “Audit Committee and Corporate Practices” section in Item 6 to this Annual Report. For additional information, also see Article 35 of the Mexican Securities Market Law.

 

Related Party Transactions

 

See “Related Party Transactions” included in Item 7 to this Annual Report.

 

C.Material Contracts

 

None.

 

D.Exchange Controls

 

Ownership by foreigners of Mexican companies is regulated by the Foreign Investment Law and by the Foreign Investment Regulations. The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.

 

The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican Government and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission shall be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position of his shares. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49% of shares.

 

E.Taxation

 

The following discussion is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences and the principal Mexican federal tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADRs. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences that may be relevant to holders of Shares or ADRs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors liable for the U.S. alternative minimum tax, investors that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold Shares or ADRs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. In addition, this summary is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.

 

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For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of Shares or ADRs that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

 

-an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

-a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;

 

-an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or

 

-a trust that is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

If a partnership holds Shares or ADRs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership considering the purchase of Shares or ADRs should consult its own independent tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in Shares or ADRs through a partnership.

 

Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. This discussion is based on the federal income tax laws and regulations of the United States and Mexico, judicial decisions, published rulings and administrative pronouncements, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change (and some changes may have retroactive effect) and different interpretations. Further, this discussion does not address U.S. federal estate and gift tax, U.S. Medicare contribution tax or the alternative minimum tax consequences of holding Shares or ADRs or the indirect consequences to holders or equity interests in partnerships (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that own Shares or ADRs. In addition, this discussion does not address the non-U.S., non-Mexican, state or local tax consequences of holding Shares or ADRs. Prospective purchasers of Shares or ADRs should consult their own tax advisors as to the U.S., Mexican or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADRs, including, in particular, the effect of any non-U.S., non-Mexican, state or local tax laws.

 

A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and a Protocol thereto, between the United States and Mexico (the “Tax Treaty”) took effect on January 1, 1994. The Tax Treaty was amended by a second Protocol signed September 8, 1994. The second Protocol entered into force on October 2, 2005. The Tax Treaty was amended by a third Protocol signed November 26, 2002, the provisions of which took effect in part on September 1, 2003, and in part on January 1, 2004. The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement concerning the exchange of information with respect to tax matters.

 

In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADRs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Shares represented by those ADRs. However, see the discussion below under “Taxation of Dividends” regarding certain statements made by the U.S. Treasury concerning depository arrangements.

 

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U.S. Federal Income Taxation

 

U.S. Holders

 

The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of Shares or ADRs that are U.S. Holders and that hold those Shares or ADRs as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes).

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Cash distributions paid with respect to the Shares or ADRs to the extent paid out of our earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the day on which the dividends are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADRs. We do not currently maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because these calculations are not made, distributions should be presumed to be taxable dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

A U.S. Holder will be entitled, subject to a number of complex limitations and conditions (including a minimum holding period requirement), to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit in respect of any Mexican income taxes withheld on dividends received on Shares or ADRs. U.S. Holders who do not elect to claim a credit for any foreign income taxes paid during the taxable year may instead claim a deduction in respect of such Mexican income taxes, provided the U.S. Holder elects to deduct (rather than credit) all foreign income taxes for that year. Dividends received with respect to Shares or ADRs will be treated as foreign source income, subject to various classifications and other limitations. For purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation dividends paid with respect to Shares or ADRs generally will constitute “passive category income” for most of U.S. Holders. The U.S. Treasury Department has expressed concerns that parties to whom depositary shares such as the ADRs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of such ADRs. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Mexican income taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury Department. The rules relating to computing foreign tax credits or deducting foreign taxes are extremely complex, and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits with respect to any Mexican income taxes withheld.

 

Dividends paid in pesos will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day they are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADRs (regardless of whether such pesos are in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date). If such dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt by the U.S. Holder or the Depositary, as the case may be, the U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividends. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to receipt.

 

Cash dividends to corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain exceptions for short term and hedged positions, and provided that we are not a PFIC (as discussed below), dividends received by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) with respect to the Shares or ADRs will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at preferential rates if such dividends represent “qualified dividend income.” Dividends paid on the Shares or ADRs will be treated as qualified dividend income if (i) we are eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty or the Shares or ADRs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC. We expect to be eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. In addition, under current guidance issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the ADRs should qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but no assurances can be given that the ADRs will be or remain readily tradable under future guidance.

 

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The U.S. Treasury Department has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which shareholders (and intermediaries) will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income taxation. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, we are not certain that we will be able to comply with them. U.S. Holders of Shares or ADRs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.

 

Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Shares with respect to their Shares or ADRs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our stockholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If holders of the ADRs are restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights, the preemptive rights may give rise to a deemed distribution to holders of the Shares under Section 305 of the Code. Any deemed distributions will be taxable as a dividend in accordance with the general rules of the income tax treatment of dividends discussed above.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADRs generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADRs and the amount realized on the disposition. A U.S. Holder generally will have an adjusted tax basis in its Shares or ADRs equal to its U.S. dollar cost for such Shares or ADRs. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs will generally be long-term gain or loss if, at the time of disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the Shares or ADRs for more than one year.

 

Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. The deduction of a capital loss is subject to limitations under the Code.

 

Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, if any Mexican withholding tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of the Shares, a U.S. holder that does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources may not be able to derive effective U.S. foreign tax credit benefits in respect of these Mexican taxes. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may deduct the Mexican tax withheld from its gross income, provided such U.S. Holder does not claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the Shares or ADRs.

 

In some cases, gain may be treated as foreign source income by holders eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the Tax Treaty to gain or loss recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Share or ADRs.

 

Deposits and withdrawals of Shares by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADRs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

 

A non-U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying look-through rules, either (1) at least 75.0% of its gross income is passive income, or (2) on average at least 50.0% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities and securities transactions. The determination as to whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC is based on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are suffering from different interpretations. In addition, the PFIC determination is made annually and generally is based on the value of a non-U.S. corporation’s assets (including goodwill) and composition of its income. In determining whether we are a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each subsidiary in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least a 25.0% interest by value is taken into account.

 

Based on current estimates of our income and assets, we do not believe that we were classified for our most recently-ended taxable year, or will be classified for our current taxable year, as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we will not become a PFIC in the future, although no assurances can be made regarding determination of our PFIC status in the current or any future taxable year. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules (and may be subject to increased tax liability and form filing requirements) with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs, and (b) any “excess distribution” made by us to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distribution during a taxable year in which distributions to the U.S. Holder on the Shares or ADRs exceed 125.0% of the average annual distributions the U.S. Holder received on the Shares or ADRs during the preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADRs). Under those rules, (a) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADRs, (b) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution is realized and to taxable years before the first day on which we became a PFIC would be taxable as ordinary income, (c) the amount allocated to each prior year in which the Issuer was a PFIC would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (d) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of U.S. federal income tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each prior year in which we were treated as a PFIC.

 

In addition, a U.S. Holder generally must file IRS Form 8621 periodically to disclose ownership of an equity interest in a PFIC during any taxable year.

 

Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to Shares or ADRs and the application of recently enacted legislation to their particular situation.

 

Non-U.S. Holders

 

The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial holders of Shares or ADRs that are neither U.S. Holders nor partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“Non-U.S. Holders”).

 

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Subject to the discussion below under “U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting,” a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares or ADRs will not be subject to dividend or U.S. federal income or withholding tax on a dividend paid by us or gain realized on the sale of Shares or ADRs, unless (i) such dividend or gain is effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder) or (ii) in the case of gain realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.

 

U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

 

In general, dividends on Shares or ADRs, and payments of the proceeds of a sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADRs, paid within the United States, by the U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a U.S. Holder are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a current rate of 28%, unless the U.S. Holder (i) establishes that it is an exempt recipient or (ii) with respect to backup withholding, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is a U.S. person and that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Payments made within the United States, by a U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements if an appropriate certification is provided by the Non-U.S. Holder to the payor or intermediary and the pay or intermediary does not have actual knowledge or a reason to know that the certificate is incorrect.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding withheld from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed its U.S. federal income tax liability by filing a timely refund claim with the IRS.

 

In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware that legislation enacted in 2010 imposes reporting requirements with respect to the holding of foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000, subject to certain exceptions. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to our common Shares and the application of these reporting requirements to their particular situation.

 

Mexican Taxation

 

Taxation of Dividends

 

Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the Shares constituting the Shares or the ADRs will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.

 

Taxation of Capital Gains

 

Gain on the sale or other disposition of ADRs by holders who are not Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican income tax. Deposits of Shares in exchange for ADRs and withdrawals of Shares in exchange for ADRs will not give rise to Mexican income tax.

 

Gain on the sale of Shares by a holder who is not a Mexican Resident (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other securities markets approved by the Mexican Ministry of Finance, and provided certain requirements set forth by the Mexican Income Tax Law are complied with. Sales or other dispositions of Shares made in other circumstances generally would be subject to Mexican tax, except to the extent that a holder is eligible for benefits under an income tax treaty to which Mexico is a party of. Under the Tax Treaty, gain on the sale or other disposition of Shares by a U.S. resident (if eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty) who is a holder of less than 25% of our capital stock during the twelve-month period preceding such sale or disposition will not be subject to Mexican tax, unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of our assets consist of “immovable property” (as defined in the Tax Treaty) situated in Mexico, or (ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of such U.S. resident in Mexico.

 

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For a holder that is not a Mexican Resident and that does not meet the requirements referred to above, gross income realized on the sale of Shares will be subject to a 5% Mexican withholding tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange. Alternatively, a holder that is not a Mexican Resident can choose to be subject to a 20% withholding rate on the net gain obtained, as calculated pursuant to Mexican Income Tax Law provisions.

 

The Mexican tax rules governing the taxation of gains of holders who are not Mexican Residents on dispositions of their Shares or ADRs were amended during 2002. Holders who are not Mexican Residents who disposed of their Shares or ADRs during 2003 should consult their own Mexican tax advisors on the Mexican tax treatment of such dispositions.

 

For purposes of Mexican taxation (Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta), an individual is a resident of Mexico (a “Mexican Resident”) if he or she has established his or her home in Mexico, unless he or she has resided in another country for more than 183 days, whether consecutive or not, during a calendar year and can demonstrate that he or she has become a resident of that country for tax purposes. A legal entity is a Mexican Resident if it has been incorporated under Mexican law. A company is also considered to be a Mexican Resident if its headquarters are located in Mexico. A Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico for tax purposes unless such person can demonstrate otherwise. If a person is deemed to have a permanent establishment or fixed base in Mexico for tax purposes, such permanent person shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base, in accordance with applicable tax laws.

 

Other Mexican Taxes

 

There are no Mexican inheritance, succession or similar taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADRs or Shares by holders that are not Mexican Residents; provided, however, that gratuitous transfers of Shares may in certain circumstances cause a Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the recipient. There is no Mexican stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of ADRs or Shares. Brokerage fees on securities transactions carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange are subject to a 16%, valued added tax.

 

F.Dividends and Paying Agents

 

Not applicable.

 

G.Statement by Experts

 

Not applicable.

 

H.Documents on Display

 

The documents concerning us which are referred to in this document are available in our company headquarters, located at avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, zip code 38010, Mexico, for any inspection required. Part of this information is available on our web page, at www.bachoco.com.mx.

 

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I.Subsidiary Information

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 11.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

 

In the normal course of our business, we hold or issue various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Also, we are exposed to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.

 

The Company is exposed to the following risks related to the use of financial instruments to which risk management is applied: credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk.

 

Note 8 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements presents information on the Company’s exposure to each of the aforementioned risks, and the Company’s objectives, policies and procedures for risk measurement and management. Further quantitative disclosures are included in various sections of these Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.

 

Risk management framework

 

The risk philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize the risk and, therefore, to enhance its business stability, by opting for a sound relationship between the levels of risk assumed and its operating capabilities, for ensuring a better decision-making.

 

Risk Management means the “Set of objectives, policies, procedures and actions implemented to identify measure, monitor, limit, control, report and disclose the various types of risks to which the entity is exposed”.

 

Currency Fluctuation

 

Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to cost and expenses which are denominated in U.S. dollars. See Risk Factors under Item 3.

 

In 2013, 2012 and 2011 we recognized foreign exchange gains of $28.1, $35.2 and $54.5 million, respectively. These gains are mainly attributed to positive results in our investments of cash.

 

As of December 31, 2013, a hypothetical increase of $0.5 pesos in the exchange rate, would have resulted in a decrease in the foreign currency position of $2.3 million, which represents a loss from foreign currency exchange rates. On the other hand, a decrease of $0.5 pesos in the exchange rate would have resulted in an increase in our foreign currency position of $2.3 million, which represents a gain from foreign currency exchange rates.

 

We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure. As part of our normal operations, we plan over a six-month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument. We purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars.

 

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The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar. Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.

 

For more details see Note 8 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

No assurance can be given as to the future valuation of the Mexican peso and how further movements in the peso could affect our future earnings. In order to mitigate our foreign exchange risk, we have established a Risk Committee which meets at least once a quarter and approves the guidelines and policies for entering into these operations. We also work with independent consultants who make evaluations of our positions and provide us with consulting services. Said companies do not sell any financial instruments to us.

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, we did not have derivative positions related to exchange rates.

 

Interest Rates

 

Our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable rate debt instruments.

 

As of December 31, 2013, we had borrowings of approximately $2,723.6 million pursuant to variable rate debt instruments, representing approximately 9.8% of our total assets.

 

Based on our debt position on December 31, 2013, we estimate that a hypothetical increase in the interest rate of 25 basis points would increase our interest expense by $ 4.9 million, negatively impacting our net income by the same. Whereas, we estimate that a hypothetical decrease in the interest rate of 25 basis points, would decrease our interest expense by $4.9 million, positively impacting our net income by the same.

 

Any such increase would likely be partially offset by an increase in interest income due to our strong cash and cash equivalent position.

 

For more detail, see Note 8 of our consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Feed Ingredients

 

The price of sorghum, soy meal, and corn is subject to significant volatility resulting, from many external factors like weather conditions, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, among others. In order to reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.

 

Based on our results for 2013, we estimate that a hypothetical increase in the price of corn bushel and short-ton of soybean meal of 7.5%, would increase the loss in our overall derivative position instruments to $ 1.6 million, negatively affecting our results. Whereas, we estimate that a hypothetical decrease in the price of corn bushel and short-ton soybean meal of 7.5%, would decrease the loss in our overall derivative position instruments to 0.7 million, positively affecting our results.

 

For more detail, see Note 8 of our consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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ITEM 12.Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

 

A.Debt Securities

 

On August 29, 2012, we issued bonds for $1,500 million through a public issuance of local bonds (“Certificados Bursatiles” or “CBs”) in the local debt capital markets for a tenor of 5 years, maturing in 2017.

 

The bonds issued have a 28-day TIIE interest rate plus + 0.60%. The principal of the bonds will be amortized at face value, in one payment, on the date of maturity.

 

This represented our first bond offering, which was distributed among a wide range of local investors. The funds obtained were utilized in accordance with the Company’s financial requirements.

 

This first $1,500 million bonds issuance is part of a bond issuance program for up to $5,000 million that the Company has available for issuance within the next five years, in accordance with its financial needs.

 

The CBs does not provide restrictions of payment of cash dividends.

 

For more detail, see Note 17 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

B.Warrants and Rights

 

Not applicable.

 

C.Other Securities

 

Not applicable.

 

D.American Depository Receipts

 

The Bank of New York Mellon (or “BNY”) has been our Depositary Bank since the day of our initial public offering of shares continues to act in that capacity as of the date of this document. BONY is located in Church Street Station, in New York, N.Y. 100286.

 

Fees and charges that a Holder of our ADRs may have to pay, either directly or indirectly

 

Our Depositary may charge each person to whom ADRs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADRs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering ADRs for withdrawal of deposited securities in any manner permitted by the deposit agreement or whose ADRs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, [US$5.00 for each 100 ADRs] (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, the case may be. The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.

 

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The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADRs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADRs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.

 

The following additional charges shall be incurred by the ADR holders, by any party depositing or withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADRs or to whom ADRs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADRs or the deposited securities or a distribution of ADRs), whichever is applicable:

 

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares
must pay:
  For:
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADRs (or portion of 100 ADRs)  

• Issuance of ADRs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property

• Cancellation of ADRs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates

$.02 (or less) per ADR   • Any cash distribution to ADR registered holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADRs   • Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADR registered holders
Registration or transfer fees   • Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the depositary  

• Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement)

• Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADR or share underlying an ADR, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes   • As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities   • As necessary

  

We will pay all other charges and expenses of the Depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to agreements from time to time between us and the Depositary. The fees described above may be amended from time to time.

 

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Fees and other direct and indirect payments made by the Depositary and us

 

The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADR program. The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The Depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. Federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the Depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to the Company based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors.

 

Pursuant to our letter agreement with our Depositary, in 2013 and 2012, we received a payment of US$92,800 and US$300,000 (less fees), respectively, as payment of expenses we incurred related to the maintenance of our ADR program, including investor relations expenses and exchange application and listing fees. Payment made in 2012 corresponds to expenses incurred in years 2012, 2011 and 2010.

 

PART II

 

ITEM 13.Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

 

None.

 

ITEM 14.Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

 

None.

 

ITEM 15.Controls and Procedures

 

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, as of December 31, 2013, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d- 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Effective control over financial reporting cannot, and does not, provide absolute assurance of achieving our control objectives. Also, any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

Management assessed the design and effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in its original 1992 Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.

 

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, has been audited by Deloitte, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

 

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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Attestation Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2013 of the Company and our report dated April 28, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

 

Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C.
Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited

 

/s/ Abel García Santaella

 

C.P.C. Abel García Santaella
Querétaro, Qro., Mexico

April 28, 2014

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ITEM 16.[Reserved]

 

ITEM 16.A.Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

Currently, no member of our audit committee possesses all the characteristics included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A. We consider that the combined financial expertise of the members of our audit committee meet much of this requirement. Our audit committee has the authority and appropriate funding to obtain outside advice, as it deems necessary, to carry out its duties.

 

ITEM 16.B.Code of Ethics

 

We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. Our code of ethics is available free of charge upon request through our investor relations website www.bachoco.com.mx. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver upon request on our website at the same address.

 

ITEM 16.C.Principal Accountant Fees and Services

 

On September 3, 2013, we announced that the Company’s Board of Directors, as per the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved the selection of Deloitte as the Company’s independent registered public accountant, effective as of September 30, 2013. Therefore in 2013, we incurred in expenses related to audit services with two firms:

 

Audit and Non-Audit Fees

 

The following table sets forth the fees billed by Deloitte and KPMG, our successor and predecessor independent registered public accounting firms and paid by us. All amounts are in nominal thousands of pesos, no taxes are included.

 

AUDIT FEES OF KPMG    
   As of December 31, 
In thousands of pesos,  2013   2012 
Total Fees:  $7,384   $10,348 
Audit fees   6,590    7,967 
Audit related fees   689    1,972 
Other   105    409 

 

The total 2012 audit fees agreed to be paid to KPMG was $7.3 million.

 

KPMG audit related fees in the table above are fees related to the review of the annual Reports to be released to the Mexican and New York stock exchanges, as well as fees billed by KPMG related to expenses they incurred in connection with the performance of their audit, such as lodging and traveling.

 

Fees included in "other" for 2013 and 2012, were related to services provided in connection with the adoption of IFRS plus in 2012 also include the issuance of local bonds.

 

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AUDIT FEES OF DELOITTE    
   As of December 31, 
In thousands of pesos,  2013   2012 
Total Audit Fees  $2,417   $ n/a 

The total 2013 audit fees agreed to be paid to Deloitte is $7.1 million.

 

Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures

 

Our audit committee has not established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors for services. Our audit committee expressly approves on a case-by-case basis any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services provided to our subsidiaries or to us.

 

ITEM 16.D.Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

 

According to the New York Stock Exchange’s Listing Standards for Audit Committees of a Foreign Private Issuer, Ricardo Aguirre, a member of our audit committee, currently does not meet the independence standards set forth in Rule 10A-3b(1)(ii)(B) of the Exchange Act. Therefore, with respect to Mr. Aguirre, we rely on the exemption provided in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D) of the Exchange Act because Mr. Aguirre (i) represents the Company's controlling shareholders, (ii) only has observer status on, and is not a voting member or the chair of, the Company's audit committee and (iii) is not an executive officer of the Company. Our reliance on such exemption does not materially adversely affect the ability of our audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3(b).

 

ITEM 16.E.Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

Every year during the annual ordinary stockholder meeting, the Board proposes the approval of an amount to be used in a repurchase plan of our shares. The repurchase plan is approved for a period of one year. All the shares set in the table below were repurchased pursuant to the repurchase plan in force at the date of the purchase.

 

The table set below sets forth the information regarding the purchase plan approved by the Board of Directors in the three recent fiscal years.

 

REPURCHASE PLAN APPROVED
Year  Announced date  Expiration date  Amount   Estimate number of shares that
may be purchase under the plan
 
2011  April 27, 2011  April 25, 2012  $335,640,000    12,000,000 
2012  April 25, 2012  April 24, 2013  $195,770,700    12,000,000 
2013  April 24, 2013  April 23, 2014  $391,560,000    12,000,000(1)

(1) The amount includes current shares in the repurchase plan.

 

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The table below sets forth information about the repurchase of our shares on the BMV:

 

REPURCHASE OF SHARES IN 2013
Monthly operation of
the repurchase plan in
2013
  Total number of
shares purchased
   Average price paid
per share (in pesos)
   Total number of shares
purchase as part of the
publicly announced plan
   Estimate maximum
number of shares that
may yet be purchased
under the plan
 
Opening balance   0   $0.00    0    12,000,000 
January   0    0.00    0    12,000,000 
February   100,000    30.70    100,000    11,900,000 
March   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
April   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
May   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
June   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
July   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
August   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
September   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
October   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
November   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
December   0    0.00    0    11,900,000 
Total 2013   100,000    30.70    100,000    11,900,000 

 

REPURCHASED OF SHARES IN 2014
Monthly operation of the
repurchase plan in 2014
  Total number
of shares
purchased
   Average price paid
per share (in pesos)
   Total number of shares
purchased as part of the
publicly announced plan
   Estimate maximum
number of shares that
may yet be purchased
under the plan
 
Opening balance   0   $0.00    0    12,000,000 
January 2014   0    0.00    0    12,000,000 
February 2014   145,084    46.93    145,084    11,854,916 
March 2014   4,391    47.70    4,391    11,850,525 
Total as of March 31, 2014:   149,475    46.95    149,475    11,850,525 

 

REPURCHASE PLAN BALANCE    
   Number of  Shares 
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of March 31, 2012   0 
(+) Total shares purchased in 2013   100,000 
(-) Total shares sold in 2013   100,000 
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of December 31, 2013   0 
(+) Total shares purchased as of March 31, 2014   149,475 
(-) Total shares sold as of March 31, 2014   0 
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of March 31, 2014   149,475 

 

ITEM 16.F.Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

 

KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. (“KPMG”) was previously our principal accountants. On August 27, 2013, that firm was dismissed as principal accountants, and Deloitte, Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (“Deloitte”), was named and engaged as our principal accountants for the year ended December 31, 2013. The decision to change accountants was recommended by our Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and approved by our Board of Directors on August 27, 2013.

 

The auditor-client relationship between KPMG and us formally ceased on April 14, 2014, upon KPMG’s completion of the audit of the reclassification to retrospectively apply the change in classification described in note 2b) to our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 forming part of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

90
 

 

During the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2012 and the subsequent interim period through April 14, 2014, there were no: (1) disagreements with KPMG on any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements if not resolved to their satisfaction would have caused them to make reference on the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its audit reports, or (2) reportable events as that term is defined in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F.

 

The audit reports of KPMG on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles, except as follows:

 

KPMG´s report on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, contained a separate paragraph stating that “As disclosed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, new and revised Mexican Financial Reporting Standards were adopted in 2011, with prospective or retrospective application, being specified in each case.”

 

The audit reports of KPMG on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 did not contain any adverse opinion or disclaimer of opinion, nor were they qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope, or accounting principles.

 

We have provided KPMG with a copy of the foregoing disclosure, and have requested that KPMG furnish us with a letter addressed to the SEC stating whether or not KPMG agrees with such disclosure, which we have attached to this Annual Report as Exhibit 16.1 as required by Item 16F(a)(3) of Form 20-F..

 

During the two fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, and any subsequent interim period through August 27, 2013, we have not consulted with Deloitte regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specific completed or contemplated transaction; (ii) the type of audit opinion that might be rendered on our financial statements; or (iii) any matter that was either the subject of a disagreement (as described in Item 16F(a)(1)(iv) and the related instructions to such Item of Form 20-F) or a reportable event (as described in Item 16F(a)(1)(v) of Form 20-F).

 

ITEM 16.G.Corporate Governance

 

Comparison of our Corporate Governance Rules and the Rules of the NYSE Applicable to U.S. Registered Companies

 

On November 4, 2003, the SEC approved final corporate governance standards for companies listed on the NYSE (“NYSE Corporate Governance Standards”). According to such standards, foreign private issuers are subject to a more limited set of requirements regarding corporate governance than those imposed on U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four NYSE Corporate Governance Standards:

 

-prior to July 31, 2005, we must comply with the requirements set forth by the SEC concerning audit committees;

 

91
 

 

-we must submit an annual Written Affirmation to the NYSE and an Interim Written Annual Affirmation each time a change occurs in the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee;

 

-our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any of the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; and

 

-we must provide a brief description disclosing any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards.

 

Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required to be followed by domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. A brief description disclosing the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards is set forth below:

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers   Our Corporate Governance Practices
     
Director Independence.  Majority of board of directors must be independent.  “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement.     Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, our stockholders are required to appoint a board of directors of between five and 20 members, 25% of whom must be independent.  Our board of directors is not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors.
     
A director is not independent if such director is:   Under Article 14 Bis of the Mexican Securities Market Law, a director is not independent if such director is:  
     
(i)    a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary;   (i) an employee or officer of the company (one-year cooling off period);
     
(ii)   an employee, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than employment as interim chairman or CEO;   (ii) a stockholder that, without being an employee or officer of the company, has influence or authority over the company’s officers;

 

92
 

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic
Issuers
  Our Corporate Governance Practices
     
(iii)  a person who receives, or whose immediate family member receives, more than $100,000 per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services only (and other than compensation for service as interim chairman or CEO or received by an immediate family member for service as a non-executive employee);   (iii) a consultant, or partner or employee of a consultant, to the company or its affiliates, where the income from the company represents 10% or more of the overall income of such consultant;
     
(iv)   a person who is affiliated with or employed, or whose immediate family member is affiliated with or employed in a professional capacity, by a present or former internal or external auditor of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary;   (iv) an important client, supplier, debtor or creditor (or a partner, director or employee thereof).  A client and supplier is considered important where its sales to or purchases from the company represent more than 10% of the client’s or supplier’s total sales or purchases.  A debtor or creditor is considered important whenever its sales to or purchases from to the company represent more than 15% of the debtor’s or creditor’s total sales or purchases;
     
(v)    an executive officer, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of another company whose compensation committee’s membership includes an executive officer of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; or   (v)    an employee of a non-profit entity that receives contributions from the company that represent more than 15% of the total contributions received;
     
(vi)   an executive officer or employee of a company, or an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any single fiscal year, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues (charities are not included, but any such payments must be disclosed in the company’s proxy (or, if no proxy is prepared, its Form 10-K / Annual Report)).   (vi)    a CEO or other high ranking officer of another company in which the issuer’s CEO or other high ranking officer is a member of the board of directors; or

 

93
 

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic
Issuers
  Our Corporate Governance Practices
     
(vii) “Immediate family member” includes a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the person’s home.  Individuals who are no longer immediate family members due to legal separation, divorce or death (or incapacity) are excluded.  §303A.02(b)   (vii) a “family member” related to any of the persons mentioned above in (i) through (vi).  “Family member” includes a person’s spouse, concubine or other relative of up to three degrees of consanguinity and affinity, in the case of (i) and (ii) above, and a spouse, concubine or other relative of up to one degree of consanguinity or affinity in the case of (iii) through (vi) above.  
     
Executive Sessions.  Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management.  Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year.  §303A.03   There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or applicable Mexican law.  
     
Audit committee.  Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required.  §§303A.06, 303A.07   The members of our audit committee are independent as independence is defined by Rule 10A-3.  
     
    Our audit committee complies with the requirements of the Mexican Securities Market Law and has the following attributes:
     
   

·     We have a three-member audit committee, which is composed of one proprietary director and two proprietary independent directors.

 

·     The president of the audit committee and one additional member are independent. Under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the president and the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent.

     
    ·     Our audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by our board of directors.  See Item 6 for a detailed description of the duties of our audit committee.
     
    ·     Pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, our audit committee submits an annual report regarding its activities to our board of directors.

 

94
 

 

NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic
Issuers
  Our Corporate Governance Practices
     
Nominating/corporate governance committee.  Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required.  The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee.  “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements.  §303A.04   We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and it is not expressly recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices.  
     
Compensation committee.  Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation.  The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee.  “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement.  §303A.05   We are not required to have a compensation committee.  As recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices, we have an evaluation mechanism for assisting the board of directors in approving executive officer compensation.
     
Equity compensation plans.  Equity compensation plans require stockholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.  §303A.08   Stockholder approval is not expressly required under Mexican law or our bylaws for the adoption and amendment of an equity-compensation plan.  However, regulations of the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission require stockholder approval under certain circumstances.  We currently do not have any equity-compensation plans in place.
     
Code of Ethics.  Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers.  §303A.10   We have adopted a code of ethics, which has been accepted by to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees.  We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions.  We have no such waivers in place.

 

95
 

 

ITEM 16.H.Mine Safety Disclosure

 

Not applicable.

 

PART III

 

ITEM 17.Financial Statements

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 18.Financial Statements

 

See the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements including Notes, incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 19.Exhibits

 

Index of Exhibits

 

Documents filed as exhibits to this Annual Report:

 

Exhibit No.   Description
1.1   An English translation of the Bylaws (estatutos sociales) of Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. dated June 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007 (File No. 333-07950)).
     
2.1   Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, among Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Depositary and each Owner and Beneficial Owner from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form F-6 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2006 (File No. 333-07480)).
     
2.2   Trust Agreement, dated April 1, 1995, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Prime Internacional, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)).
     
2.3   Trust Agreement, dated August 20, 1997, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Bital, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)).
     
8.1   Subsidiaries of Industrias Bachoco S.A. de C.V.
     
12.1   Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
12.2   Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
13.1   Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
     
16.1   Letter dated April 30, 2014 of KPMG Cardenas Dosal S.C. as required by Item 16.F of Form 20-F.

 

96
 

 

SIGNATURE

 

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

 

  INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B de C.V.
     
  By: /s/ Daniel Salazar Ferrer
    Daniel Salazar Ferrer
    Chief Financial Officer

 

Date: April 30, 2014

  

 
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V.

AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Financial Statements

 

As of December 31, 2012, 2013 and January 1, 2012

 

Content

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-2
Report of Prior Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm F-3
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position F-4
Statements of Profit and Loss and Other Comprehensive Income F-5
Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity F-6
Statements of Cash Flows F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements F-8

 

F-1
 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm to the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated April 28, 2014 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S. C.

Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited

 

/s/ Abel García Santaella

 

 

C.P.C. Abel García Santaella

Querétaro, Qro., Mexico

April 28, 2014

 

F-2
 

 

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

 

 

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C V:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and January 1, 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

 

As mentioned in note 4 to the 2013 consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. (the “Acquired Entity”) which owns five consolidated subsidiaries. OK Industries, Inc. operates and is located in the United States of America (U.S.A.). The results of operations of the Acquired Entity have been included in the consolidated financial statements from such date. The acquisition of this company originated a gain on bargain purchase of $1,000,565, (thousands of Mexican pesos) which was booked in other income in 2011.

 

As mentioned in note 5 to the 2013 consolidated financial statements, on March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and acquired 100% of the shares of OK Industries. From such date Bachoco USA, LLC. acts as the holding company of OK Industries, Inc. and, therefore, of the operations of the Company in the U.S.A.

 

 

 

 

KPMG Cárdenas Dosal, S.C.

 

/s/ Demetrio Villa Michel

 

Demetrio Villa Michel

Querétaro, México

April 30, 2013, except as to note 2 b) to the 2013 consolidated financial statements, which is as of April 14, 2014.

  

 

F-3
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

 

December 31, 2013 and 2012, and January 1, 2012

 

(Thousands of pesos)

 

Assets  Note  December 31,
2013
   December 31,
2012
   January 1,
2012
 
                   
Current assets:                  
Cash and cash equivalents  7  $6,716,894    4,179,541    2,625,661 
Primary financial instruments  8   1,004,106    961,968    410,721 
Derivative financial instruments  8   11,735    2,938    10,208 
Accounts receivable, net  9   2,227,802    2,220,638    2,235,152 
Inventories, net  10   2,738,222    4,599,355    3,230,987 
Current biological assets  11   1,420,174    1,496,964    1,548,722 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets  12   1,156,362    868,878    752,150 
Assets available for sale  13   49,053    51,507    95,647 
Total currents assets      15,324,348    14,381,789    10,909,248 
                   
                   
Non-current assets:                  
Property, plant and equipment, net  14   11,652,449    11,949,516    12,112,945 
Non-current biological assets  11   1,109,936    1,106,120    1,029,642 
Goodwill  15   344,259    300,848    300,848 
Other non-current assets  16   350,599    301,911    364,637 
Total non-currents assets      13,457,243    13,658,395    13,808,072 
                   
Total assets     $28,781,591    28,040,184    24,717,320 

 

Liabilities and equity  Note   December 31,
2013
   December 31,
2012
   January 1,
2012
 
                 
Current liabilities:                    
Short term debt   17   $541,200    1,081,496    1,277,750 
Current installments of long-term debt   17    16,392    115,560    175,243 
Trade payable and other accounts payable   18    3,759,112    3,445,245    2,921,441 
Related parties   19    54,095    88,039    78,543 
Total current liabilities        4,370,799    4,730,340    4,452,977 
                     
Long term liabilities:                    
Long term debt, excluding current installments   17    1,510,210    1,526,602    384,370 
Deferred income tax   20 d)    2,701,191    2,597,940    2,400,107 
Employee benefits   21    48,245    96,613    100,038 
Total long term liabilities        4,259,646    4,221,155    2,884,515 
                     
Total liabilities        8,630,445    8,951,495    7,337,492 
                     
Equity:   25                
Capital stock        1,174,432    1,174,432    1,174,432 
Share premium        399,641    399,641    399,641 
Reserve for repurchase of shares        99,601    99,474    88,481 
Foreign currency translation reserve        (87,090)   (26,916)   64,387 
Actuarial remeasurements, net   21    (60,967)   -    - 
Retained earnings        18,586,228    17,405,360    15,614,760 
Equity attributable to controlling interest        20,111,845    19,051,991    17,341,701 
                     
Non-controlling interest        39,301    36,698    38,127 
Total equity        20,151,146    19,088,689    17,379,828 
                     
Commitments   27                
Contingencies   28                
                     
Total liabilities and equity       $28,781,591    28,040,184    24,717,320 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-4
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Statements of Profit and Loss and Other Comprehensive Income

 

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 

(Thousands of pesos, except share and per share amount)

 

   Note   2013   2012   2011 
                 
                 
Net revenues       $39,710,726    39,367,431    27,734,990 
Cost of sales        (33,176,599)   (33,318,207)   (24,797,037)
                     
Gross profit        6,534,127    6,049,224    2,937,953 
                     
General, selling and administrative expenses        3,291,006    3,396,655    2,974,733 
Other income (expenses), net   30    30,704    (23,810)   999,965 
                     
Operating income        3,273,825    2,628,759    963,185 
                     
Finance income   29    344,785    270,032    248,282 
Finance costs   29    (226,366)   (105,000)   (70,640)
Net finance income        118,419    165,032    177,642 
                     
Profit before income taxes        3,392,244    2,793,791    1,140,827 
                     
Income taxes   20    1,350,439    602,020    (38,616)
                     
Profit for the year       $2,041,805    2,191,771    1,179,443 
                     
Other comprehensive income (loss) items:                    
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss: Currency translation effect        32,672    (186,095)   64,387 
                     
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:                    
Actuarial remeasurements        (61,057)   -    - 
Taxes from actuarial remeasurements        18,317    -    - 
                     
Other comprehensive (loss) income items        (10,068)   (186,095)   64,387 
                     
Comprehensive income for the year       $2,031,737    2,005,676    1,243,830 
                     
Profit attributable to:                    
Controlling interest       $2,038,422    2,184,567    1,177,346 
Non-controlling interest        3,383    7,204    2,097 
                     
Profit for the year       $2,041,805    2,191,771    1,179,443 
                     
Comprehensive income attributable to:                    
Controlling interest       $2,028,354    1,998,472    1,241,733 
Non-controlling interest        3,383    7,204    2,097 
                     
Comprehensive income for the year       $2,031,737    2,005,676    1,243,830 
                     
Weighted average outstanding shares        599,992,952    598,959,882    599,822,448 
                     
Basic and diluted earnings per share   26   $3.40    3.65    1.96 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-5
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

 

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 

(Thousands of pesos)

 

      Attributable to owners of the Company             
              Reserve for   Foreign   Actuarial                 
      Capital   Share   repurchase of   currency   remeasurements   Retained       Non-controlling   Total 
   Note  stock   premium   shares   translation reserve   net   earnings   Total   interest   equity 
                                                 
Balance at January 1, 2011     $1,174,432    399,641    88,690    -    -    14,737,340    16,400,103    29,917    16,430,020 
                                                 
Dividends paid  25 (d)   -    -    -    -    -    (299,926)   (299,926)   -    (299,926)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest      -    -    -    -         -    -    (912)   (912)
Repurchase and sale of shares  25 (c)   -   -    (209)   -    -    -    (209)   -    (209)
Acquired non-controlling interest      -   -    -    -    -    -    -    7,025    7,025 
                                                 
Comprehensive income for the year:                                                
Profit for the year      -    -    -    -    -    1,177,346    1,177,346    2,097    1,179,443 
Other comprehensive income      -    -    -    64,387    -    -    64,387    -    64,387 
                                                 
Total comprehensive income for the year      -    -    -    64,387    -    1,177,346    1,241,733    2,097    1,243,830 
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2011      1,174,432    399,641    88,481    64,387         15,614,760    17,341,701    38,127    17,379,828 
                           -                     
Dividends paid  25 (d)   -    -    -    -         (299,175)   (299,175)   -    (299,175)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest      -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (491)   (491)
Repurchase and sale of shares  25 (c)   -    -    10,993    -         -    10,993    -    10,993 
Disposal of non-controlling interest from disolution      -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (8,142)   (8,142)
                                                 
Comprehensive income for the year:                                                
Profit for the year      -    -    -    -         2,184,567    2,184,567    7,204    2,191,771 
Other comprehensive income      -    -    -    (91,303)   -    (94,792)   (186,095)   -    (186,095)
                           -                     
Total comprehensive income for the year      -    -    -    (91,303)   -    2,089,775    1,998,472    7,204    2,005,676 
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2012      1,174,432    399,641    99,474    (26,916)   -    17,405,360    19,051,991    36,698    19,088,689 
                                                 
Dividends paid  25 (d)   -    -    -    -    -    (950,400)   (950,400)   -    (950,400)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest      -    -    -    -    -    -    -    (780)   (780)
Repurchase and sale of shares, net  25 (c)   -    -    127    -    -    -    127    -    127 
IAS 19 R adoption effect  21 (a)   -    -    -    -    (18,227)   -    (18,227)   -    (18,227)
                                                 
Comprehensive income for the year:                                                
Profit for the year      -    -    -    -    -    2,038,422    2,038,422    3,383    2,041,805 
Other comprehensive income      -    -    -    (60,174)   (42,740)   92,846    (10,068)   -    (10,068)
                                                 
Total comprehensive income for the year      -    -    -    (60,174)   (42,740)   2,131,268    2,028,354    3,383    2,031,737 
                                                 
Balance at December 31, 2013     $1,174,432    399,641    99,601    (87,090)   (60,967)   18,586,228    20,111,845    39,301    20,151,146 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-6
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 

(Thousands of pesos)

 

   Note   2013   2012   2011 
                 
Cash flows from operating activities:                    
Profit for the year       $2,041,805    2,191,771    1,179,443 
Adjustments for:                    
Deferred income tax recognized in profit or loss   20    123,022    235,603    (108,202)
Current income tax recognized in profit or loss        1,227,417    -    - 
Bargain purchase on business combinations        -    -    (1,047,245)
Depreciation   14    816,673    837,807    745,837 
Loss on sale of plant and equipment        14,958    65,323    46,671 
Interest income   30    (314,245)   (222,063)   (193,777)
Interest expense   30    226,366    105,000    69,744 
Unrealized foreign currency exchange        17,950    -    - 
Foreign exchange loss on loans        11,865    (52,687)   34,500 
                     
Subtotal        4,165,811    3,160,754    726,971 
                     
Derivative financial instruments        (8,797)   7,270    2,689 
Accounts receivable, net        (8,091)   14,514    (435,320)
Inventories, net        1,871,404    (1,368,368)   126,624 
Current and non-current biological assets        151,010    (24,720)   (856,908)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets        (287,478)   (116,728)   (216,722)
Assets available for sale        2,454    44,140    (9,075)
Trade payable and other accounts payable        (70,540)   532,030    443,987 
Related parties        (33,944)   9,496    17,670 
Income taxes paid        (843,906)   -    - 
Employee benefits        (84,110)   (3,425)   22,153 
                     
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities        4,853,813    2,254,963    (177,931)
                     
Cash flows from investing activities:                    
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment        (575,411)   (951,760)   (707,533)
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment        57,795    81,591    83,946 
Financial instruments        (42,138)   (551,247)   (201,373)
Other assets        (48,210)   62,726    (146,389)
Interest collected        314,245    222,063    193,777 
Business acquisitions        (135,450)   -    (1,326,741)
                     
Cash flows used in investing activities        (429,168)   (1,136,627)   (2,104,313)
                     
Cash flows from financing activities:                    
Payment for repurchase of shares        (3,071)   (85,545)   (6,153)
Proceeds for repurchase of shares        3,198    96,538    5,944 
Dividends paid        (950,400)   (299,175)   (299,926)
Proceeds from borrowings        1,507,700    3,069,787    1,921,609 
Interest paid        (226,366)   (105,000)   (60,809)
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest        (780)   (491)   (912)
Currency translation effect        -    (93,397)   33,440 
Disposal of non-controlling interest from disolution        -    (8,142)   - 
Principal payment on loans        (2,181,166)   (2,130,805)   (774,601)
                     
Cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities        (1,850,885)   443,770    818,592 
                     
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents        2,573,760    1,562,106    (1,463,652)
                     
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1        4,179,541    2,625,661    3,967,874 
                     
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents        (36,407)   (8,226)   121,439 
                     
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31       $6,716,894    4,179,541    2,625,661 

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

F-7
 

 

INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

 

(Thousands of Mexican pesos, except amounts per share)

 

(1)Reporting entity

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (hereinafter Bachoco or the Company) is a public stock company with variable capital incorporated on April 17, 1980, as a legal entity. The Company’s registered address is Avenida Tecnológico 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.

 

The Company is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing poultry (chicken and eggs), swine and other products (primarily balanced animal feed). Bachoco is a holding company that has control over a group of subsidiaries (see note 5).

 

The shares of the Company are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV for its Spanish acronym) under the symbol “Bachoco,” and in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the symbol “IBA”.

 

Significant event

 

During 2013, the Company informed the National Service of Sanity, Safety and Food Quality (SENASICA, by its Spanish acronym) the presence of a H7N3 avian flu outbreak in some of the Company’s farms located in the state of Guanajuato and in the limits of the Jalisco and Guanajuato states. The financial effects derived from the outbreak were a charge to cost of sales in 2013 for $350,821 related to the destruction of birds and eggs inventory. As of the date of the issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the National Agriculture, Husbandry, Rural Development, Fishing and Food Agency maintains a monitoring process of the outbreak in both states.

 

(2)Basis of preparation

 

a)Statement of compliance

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), adopted by public entities in Mexico in accordance with the amendments to Rules for Public Companies and other Entities Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange, established by the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission on January 27, 2009, according to which, beginning in 2012, the Company is required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.

  

F-8
 

 

On April 28, 2014, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Finance Director, Mr. Daniel Salazar Ferrer and the Company’s Controller Director, Mr. Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, for the Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders’ approvals. In accordance with the Mexican General Corporate Law and the bylaws of the Company, the stockholders are empowered to modify the consolidated financial statements after their issuance.

 

b)Reclassifications

 

Criteria for classification of inventory and biological assets

 

During 2013, the Company decided to reclassify live poultry, formerly presented within inventory, to current biological assets in order to provide a more accurate presentation based on the nature of the assets. Prior year financial information was adjusted for such reclassification, for which reason the accompanying consolidated financial statements include a consolidated statement of financial position as of January 1, 2012.

 

The following table shows the impact of the reclassifications of inventories to biological assets on the consolidated statement of financial position:

 

 

   December 31,
2012
originally
reported
   Increase or
(decrease)
from
reclassification
   December 31,
2012 
retrospectively
reclassified
 
Inventories, net  $5,829,837    (1,230,482)   4,599,355 
Current biological assets   266,482    1,230,482    1,496,964 
   $6,096,319         6,096,319 

 

   January 1,
2012
 originally
reported
   Increase or
(decrease)
from
reclassification
   January 1, 2012
retrospectively
reclassified
 
Inventories, net  $4,562,355    (1,331,368)   3,230,987 
Current biological assets   217,354    1,331,368    1,548,722 
   $4,779,709         4,779,709 

 

The reclassification also resulted in changes to the consolidated statement of cash flows with respect to the amounts reported for inventories and biological assets, as follows:

 

   December 31,
2012
originally
reported
   Increase or
(decrease)
from
reclassification
   December 31,
2012
retrospectively
reclassified
 
Inventories, net  $(1,267,482)   (100,886)   (1,368,368)
Current and non-current biological assets   (125,606)   100,886    (24,720)
   $(1,393,088)        (1,393,088)

 

F-9
 

 

   December 31,
2011
originally
reported
   Increase or
(decrease)
from
reclassification
   December 31,
2011
retrospectively
reclassified
 
Inventories, net  $(387,569)   514,193    126,624 
Current and non-current biological assets   (342,715)   (514,193)   (856,908)
   $(730,284)        (730,284)

 

c)Basis of measurement

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared on the historical cost basis (historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services) except for the following material items in the consolidated statement of financial position, which are measured at:

 

i. Fair value

 

·Derivative financial instruments for trading and hedging, and the investments in primary debt and equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss

 

·Biological assets

 

·Defined benefit plan assets

 

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date.

 

In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurements in its entirety, which are described as follows:

 

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are observable either directly or indirectly.

 

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs.

 

ii. Present value

 

·Defined benefit obligation

 

F-10
 

 

The present value discounts future cash flows to a present day amount using a discount rate.

 

d)Functional and presentation currency

 

These consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of Mexican pesos (pesos or $), national currency of Mexico, which is the Company’s recording and functional currency, except for the foreign subsidiary that uses the U.S. dollar as its recording and functional currency.

 

For disclosure purposes, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, “thousands of pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “thousands of dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars.

 

When deemed relevant, certain amounts are included between parentheses as a translation into thousands of dollars, into thousands of Mexican pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are performed for the convenience of the reader at the closing exchange rate, which is $13.09, as of December 31, 2013.

 

e)Use of estimates and judgments

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

Estimates and significant assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes arising from these reviews are recognized in the period in which they are reviewed and in any future periods affected.

 

Critical accounting judgments and key sources of estimation uncertainty

 

Below are critical estimates and assumptions in the application of accounting policies with significant effects on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements, as well as information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment in future years.

 

i. Fair value of biological assets

 

The Company estimates the fair value of biological assets as the price that would be received or paid in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As part of the estimate, the Company considers the maturity periods of such assets, the necessary time span for the biological assets to reach a productive stage, as well as future economic benefits obtained.

 

The balance of current biological assets is integrated by hatching eggs, growing pigs and growing poultry, while the balance of non-current biological assets is integrated by poultry in its different production stages, and breeder pigs.

 

F-11
 

 

Non-current biological assets are valued at its production cost less accumulated depreciation or accumulated impairment losses, because the Company considers there is no observable or reliable market for such assets. Also, the Company considers there is no reliable method for measuring the fair value of non-current biological assets. Current biological assets are valued at fair value when there is an observable market, less sale expenses.

 

ii. Business combinations or acquisition of assets

 

Management uses its professional judgment to determine whether the acquisition of a group of assets constitutes a business combination. This determination may have a significant impact in how the acquired assets and assumed liabilities are accounted for, both at the initial recognition and subsequently.

 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty

 

The following are the key assumptions which are source of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reference reporting period which may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to and do not have significant effects on the recorded amounts in the consolidated financial statements.

 

iii. Assessments to determine the recoverability of deferred tax assets

 

As part of the tax analysis carried out by the Company, on an annual basis the Company prepares projections of taxable income for purposes of determining if taxable income will be sufficient to recover the benefit of deferred tax assets recognized from deductible temporary differences, including tax losses and other tax credits.

 

iv. Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment

 

Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are used to determine depreciation expense of such assets and are defined according to the analysis by internal and external specialists. Useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically at least once a year, based on the current conditions of the assets and the estimate of the period during which they will continue to generate economic benefits to the Company. If there are changes in the estimate, measurement of the net carrying amount of assets and the corresponding depreciation expense are prospectively affected.

 

v. Measurements and disclosures at fair value

 

Fair value is a measurement based on the price a market participant would be willing to receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability, and is not a measure specific to the Company. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information may be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information may not be available. However, the purpose of a measurement at fair value in both cases is to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liabilities would be carried out among the market participants at the date of measurement under current market conditions.

 

When the price of an identical asset or liability is not observable, the Company determines the fair value using another valuation technique which maximizes the use of relevant observable information and minimizes the use of unobservable information. As the fair value is a measurement based on the market, it is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when they fix a price to an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk.

 

F-12
 

 

vi. Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill

 

The carrying amount of long-lived assets is reviewed for impairment when situations or changes in circumstances indicate that it is not recoverable, except for goodwill which is reviewed on an annual basis. If there are indicators of impairment, a review is carried out to determine whether the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable value and whether it is impaired. The recoverable value is the highest of the asset’s fair value, less selling costs, and its value in use which is the present value of the future estimated cash flows generated by the asset. The value in use calculation requires the Company’s management to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the asset and/or from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate present value.

 

vii. Contingencies

 

Due to their nature, contingencies can solely be resolved when they occur or one or more future events or one or more uncertain events that are not entirely under the control of the Company. The assessment of such contingencies significantly requires the exercise of judgments and estimates on the possible outcome of those future events. The Company assesses the probability of loss of lawsuits and contingencies according to the estimates made by its legal advisors. These estimates are reconsidered periodically.

 

viii. Other non-significant estimates

 

·Allowance for doubtful accounts (Note 9).

 

f)Basis of presentation

 

i. New and amended IFRS that affect reported balances and/or disclosures in financial statements

 

In the current year, the Company adopted a series of new and amended IFRS issued by the IASB which are binding and go into effect from fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013.

 

Amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures - Offset of financial assets and liabilities

 

The Company applied the amendments to IFRS 7 Disclosures- Offsetting of financial assets and liabilities for the first time in the current year. Amendments to IFRS 7 require companies to disclose information about offsetting rights and related agreements for recognized financial instruments that are subject to a master close-out netting agreement or similar agreement.

 

Amendments to IFRS 7 apply retroactively. As the Company does not have any close-out netting agreement, the adoption of the amendments had no significant effect in disclosures or in balances recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-13
 

 

Modified standards on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures

 

In May 2011, a package of five standards on consolidation, joint arrangements, associates and disclosures standards that comprise IFRS 10 Consolidated financial statements, IFRS 11 Joint arrangements, IFRS 12 Disclosure of interests in other entities, IAS 27 (as revised in 2011) Separate financial statements and IAS 28 (as revised in 2011) Investments in associates and joint ventures, were issued. Subsequent to the issuance of these standards, amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11 and IFRS 12 were issued to clarify certain transitional guidance on the first-time application of the standards.

 

In the current year, the Company has applied these standards for the first time, together with the amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 11, and IFRS 12 regarding the transitional guidance. Both IAS 27 and IAS 28 do not apply to the Company’s consolidated financial statements, since these financial statements are not separate financial statements, nor does it have investments on which it has significant influence or joint control that result in the application of the equity method. As of the issuance date of the consolidated financial statement, separate financial statements were issued in order to comply with statutory requirements for the Company as legal entity and IAS 27 was applied for its preparation.

 

The impact of these standards is shown below:

 

Impact of the application of IFRS 10

 

IFRS 10 replaces the parts of IAS 27 Consolidated and separate financial statements that deal with consolidated financial statements and SIC-12 Consolidation – special purpose entities. IFRS 10 changes the definition of control such that an investor has control over an investee when a) it has power over the investee, b) it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and c) has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. All three of these criteria must be met for an investor to have control over an investee. Previously, control was defined as the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. Additional guidance has been included in IFRS 10 to explain when an investor has control over an investee. Some guidance included in IFRS 10 that deals with whether or not an investor that owns less than 50% of the voting rights in an investee has control over the investee is relevant to the Company.

 

Specifically, the Company, through its subsidiary Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., has a 51% equity interest in four entities engaged in breeding and marketing poultry. As the Company has substantive rights over such entities, which grant it the power over the relevant activities that affect its variable returns arising from its interests, it has concluded that it has control over such entities.

 

In addition, the Company has an equity interest of 64.00% in PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V., which also grants the Company substantive rights in the entity, providing it the power over the relevant activities that affect its variable returns arising from its interests, for which reason it has concluded that is has control over the entity.

 

Due to the application of IFRS 10, there were no changes to the consolidation of entities on which control thereon was determined in prior periods.

  

F-14
 

 

Impact of the application of IFRS 11

 

IFRS 11 replaces IAS 31 Interests in joint ventures, and the guidance contained in a related interpretation, SIC-13 Jointly controlled entities – non-monetary contributions by venturers, has been incorporated in IAS 28 (as revised in 2011).

 

IFRS 11 deals with how a joint arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control should be classified and accounted for. Under IFRS 11, there are only two types of joint arrangements – joint operations and joint ventures.

 

The classification of joint arrangements under IFRS 11 is determined based on the rights and obligations of parties to the joint arrangements by considering the structure, the legal form of the arrangements, the contractual terms agreed by the parties to the arrangement, and, when relevant, other facts and circumstances. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e. joint operators) have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e. joint ventures) have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

 

The initial and subsequent accounting of joint ventures and joint operations is different. Investments in joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in joint operations are accounted for such that each joint operator recognizes and records its assets, its liabilities, its revenues, and its expenses, relating to its interest in the joint operation in accordance with the applicable standards.

 

As mentioned in the analysis of impact for the adoption of IFRS 10, Company’s management examined and assessed the classification of the investments it has through its subsidiary Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., where it has equity interest of 51% to determine whether or not it had control or joint control. Management concluded that such investments should be classified as subsidiaries and not as joint arrangements. The Company also analyzed certain agreements it has entered into with respect to broiler operations and determined that such arrangements constitute joint operations. The accounting for these joint operations under IFRS 11 is consistent with the treatment previously applied by the Company and therefore no impact of adoption has been reflected in the consolidated financial statements.

 

Impact of the application of IFRS 12

 

IFRS 12 is a new disclosure standard and is applicable to entities that have equity interests in subsidiaries, associates, joint arrangements and/or unconsolidated structured entities. In general, the application of IFRS 12 has resulted in more extensive disclosures in the consolidated financial statements, in relation to significant judgments made by the Company to determine the nature of its equity interests in other entities, as well as the equity interest that the non-controlling entity has in the Company’s activities and in its cash flows.

 

IFRS 13 Fair value measurement

 

The Company has applied IFRS 13 for the first time in the current year. IFRS 13 establishes a single source of guidance for fair value measurements and disclosures about fair value measurements.

 

F-15
 

 

IFRS 13 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at the measurement date under current market conditions. Fair value under IFRS 13 is an exit price regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique.

 

IFRS 13 requires prospective application from January 1, 2013. In addition, specific transitional provisions were given to entities such that they need not to apply the disclosure requirements set out in the Standard in comparative information provided for prior periods before the initial application of the Standard. In accordance with these transitional provisions, the Company has not made any new disclosures required by IFRS 13 for the 2012 comparative period. Other than the additional disclosures, the application of IFRS 13 has not had any material impact on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements.

 

Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of items of other comprehensive income

 

The Company applied the amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of items of other comprehensive income for the first time in the current year. The amendments to IAS 1 require items of other comprehensive income to be grouped into two categories in the other comprehensive income section: (a) items that will be reclassified to profit and loss and (b) items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss. Income tax on items of other comprehensive income is required to be allocated on the same basis and the amendments do not change the option to present items of other comprehensive income either before tax or net of tax. The amendments have been applied retrospectively, and hence the presentation of items of other comprehensive income has been modified to reflect the changes. In addition to the aforementioned presentation changes, the application of the amendments to IAS 1 does not result in any impact on profit and loss, other comprehensive income or total comprehensive income.

 

IAS 19 Employee benefits – (revised in 2011)

 

In the current year, the Company applied IAS 19, Employee benefits (revised in 2011) and its consequential amendments for the first time.

 

Amendments to IAS 19 change the accounting treatment of defined benefit plans and benefits for termination of the employment relationship. The most important change refers to the accounting treatment for changes in defined benefit obligations and plan assets. The amendments require the recognition of changes in defined benefit obligations and the fair value of the plan assets when they occur and, therefore, eliminate the “corridor approach” allowed under the previous version of IAS 19 and accelerate the recognition of prior service costs. The amendments require that all actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately through other comprehensive income, for the net asset or liability recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position to reflect the total value of the deficit or surplus of the plan. Additionally, the interest cost and the expected return on plan assets used in the previous version of IAS 19 are replaced with the amount of net interest, which is calculated by applying the same discount rate to the net defined benefit asset or liability. In summary, IAS 19 (revised in 2011) introduces certain changes in the presentation of the cost of defined benefits, including more extensive disclosures.

 

F-16
 

 

Beginning January 1, 2013, the Company applied the new accounting, presentation and disclosure requirements established in IAS 19 (revised in 2011). However, given that the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial position, the corresponding comparative amounts were not retrospectively adjusted. The effect of the adoption of this standard as of January 1, 2013 was $25,315.

 

ii. New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

 

The Company has not applied the following new and revised IFRS that have been issued, but that they have not gone into effect yet at December 31, 2013.

 

·IFRS 9 Financial instruments, issued in November 2009 and amended in October 2010, introduced new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial liabilities and derecognition.

 

All recognized financial assets that are within the scope of IAS 39 Financial instruments: recognition and measurement are required to be subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value. Specifically, debt investments that are held within a business model whose objective is to collect the contractual cash flows, and that have contractual cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the outstanding principal are generally measured at amortized cost at the end of subsequent accounting periods. All other debt investments and equity investments are measured at their fair value at the end of subsequent accounting periods.

 

The most significant effect of IFRS 9 with respect to the reclassification and measurement of financial liabilities is related to the accounting for changes in the fair value of a financial liability (designated as at fair value through profit and loss), attributable to changes in the credit risk of that liability. Specifically, under IFRS 9, for financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit and loss, the amount of change in fair value of the financial liability attributable to changes in credit risk of that liability is recognized in items of other comprehensive income, unless the recognition of the effects of changes in the liability’s credit risk in items of other comprehensive income would create or enlarge an accounting mismatch in profit and loss. Changes in fair value attributable to a financial liability’s credits risk are not subsequently reclassified to profit and loss. Previously, under IAS 39, the entire amount of the change in the fair value of the financial liability designated as fair value through profit and loss is presented in profit and loss.

 

IFRS 9 Financial instruments, issued in November 2013, introduces a new chapter for the accounting for hedges, establishing a new hedge accounting model that is designed to be more adhered to how entities assume risk management activities when they cover both financial and non-financial risk exposures. Similarly, it allows an entity to apply solely the requirements introduced in IFRS 9 (2010) for the presentation of profits and losses on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit and loss, without applying the other requirements of IFRS 9, which means that the portion of the change in fair value related to changes in the own entity’s credit risk can be presented in items of other comprehensive income rather than in profit and loss.

 

F-17
 

 

As IFRS 9 (2013) eliminates the effective date of mandatory application of IFRS 9 (2013), IFRS 9 (2010) and IFRS 9 (2009), as well as the required disclosures of IFRS 7 derived from the adoption of IFRS 9, leaving the effective date open to the end of the impairment, classification and measurement requirements. The Company has decided not to adopt it until the effective date, and it is not practical to quantify the effect unless the aforementioned stages are concluded definitively, and the final versions are issued.

 

·Amendments to IFRS 10, IFRS 12 and IAS 27, provide investment entities with an exemption to consolidate certain subsidiaries and, rather, they require that an investment entity measures the investment of each one of the eligible subsidiaries at fair value through profit and loss under IFRS 9 or IAS 39. In addition, these amendments require disclosures about the reasons for which an entity is deemed an investment entity, entity’s unconsolidated subsidiaries’ details, and nature of the relationship and certain transactions between the investment entity and its subsidiaries. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The amendments to these standards have not been early adopted, and their adoption is not expected to have an effect on the Company’s financial information, as it is not classified as an investing entity.

 

·Amendments to IAS 19 (2011) Employee benefits, in regards to employee contributions on defined benefit plans, clarify the requirements relating to how contributions from employees or third parties that are linked to the service should be attributed to periods of service. In addition, it allows a practical resource if the amount of the contributions is independent from the number of years of service in which contributions can be, but are not required to be recognized as a reduction in the service cost in the period in which the related service is rendered. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2014. The amendments to this standard have not been early adopted by the Company and no material effects are expected due to their adoption since employees do not make contributions to the defined benefit plan.

 

·Amendments to IAS 32 Offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities, with respect to offsetting financial assets and financial liabilities and the related disclosures clarify existing application issues related to offsetting requirements. Specifically, the amendments clarify the meaning of “currently has a legally recognized right to offsetting” and “simultaneous realization and offsetting.” Amendments to IAS 32 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014, applied retroactively. This standard has not been early adopted by the Company, and no material effects on its consolidated financial statements are expected since the Company does not have offsetting agreements.

 

·Amendments to IAS 36 Impairment of assets, reduce the circumstances in which the recoverable amount of assets or cash generating units are required to be disclosed, clarify the disclosures required, and introduce an explicit requirement to disclose the discount rate used in determining impairment (or reversals) where recoverable amount (based on fair value less costs of disposal) is determined using a present value technique. Amendments to IAS 36 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The amendments to this standard have not been early adopted by the Company and no material on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements since the Company has included the majority of the disclosures required by this amended IAS.

 

F-18
 

 

·Amendments to IAS 39 Financial instruments, recognition and measurement, clarify that there is no need to discontinue hedge accounting if a hedging derivative is novated, provided certain criteria are met. A novation indicates an event where the original parties to a derivative agree that one or more settling counterparties replace their original counterparty to become a new counterparty to any of the parties. In order to apply the amendments and continue hedge accounting, novation to a central counterparty (CCP) must happen as a consequence of laws or regulations or the introduction thereof. Amendments to IAS 39 are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014. The amendments to this standard have not been early adopted by the Company and no material effects are expected on the consolidated financial statements due to their adoption, since the Company does not have novation agreements.

 

·Annual Improvements to 2010-2012 Cycle make amendments to: IFRS 2, Share-Based Payment, by amending the definitions for consolidation (irrevocability) of concessions and market conditions, and adding definitions for performance condition and service condition; IFRS 3, Business Combinations, which require that contingent considerations classified as an asset or liability are measured at fair value at the reporting date; IFRS 8, Operating segments, requires disclosure of the judgments made by management in applying the aggregation criteria to operating segments, clarifying that reconciliations of segment assets are required solely if assets are reported regularly; IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement, clarifies that the issuance of IFRS 13 and the amendments to IFRS 9 and IAS 39 did not remove the ability to measure certain short-term receivables and payables on an undiscounted basis (amendment to conclusion bases solely); IAS 16, Property, Plant and Equipment and IAS 38, Intangible Assets, clarifying that the gross amount of property, plant and equipment is adjusted in a manner consistent with a revaluation of the carrying amount; and IAS 24, Related Party Disclosures, clarifying how payments to entities providing management services are to be disclosed. These improvements are applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2014. The Company has yet to complete its evaluation of whether these improvements will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

·Annual Improvements to 2011-2013 Cycle makes amendments to the following standards: IFRS 1 First-time adoption of IFRS, clarifying which versions of IFRSs can be used on initial adoption (amendments to conclusion bases solely); IFRS 3, clarifying that the standard excludes from its scope the accounting for the formation of a joint arrangement in the financial statements of the joint arrangement itself; IFRS 13, clarifying the scope of the portfolio exception of paragraph 52 of the standard, which allows an entity to measure the fair value of a group of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of the price that would be received for selling a net long position or at which a net short position would be transferred, both for a particular risk exposure in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions; IAS 40 Investment property, clarifying the interrelationship of IFRS 3 and IAS 40 when classifying a property as an investment property or as an owner-occupied property. These improvements are applicable to annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2014. The Company has yet to completed its evaluation of whether these improvements will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements, except for improvements to IFRS 1, which is a standard applicable solely to first-time adopters, and therefore no impacts are expected at a consolidated level for the Company.

  

F-19
 

 

·Interpretation of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRIC) 21 Levies, provides guidance on when to recognize a liability for a levy imposed by a government, both for levies that are accounted for in accordance with IAS 37 Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets, and those where the timing and amount of the levy is certain. The interpretation identifies the binding event for the recognition of a liability as the activity that triggers the payment of the levy in accordance with the relevant legislation. In addition, it provides the following guidance in the recognition of a levy payment liability, where the liability is recognized progressively if the binding event occurs over a period of time, and if an obligation is triggered on reaching a minimum threshold, the liability is recognized when that minimum threshold is reached. This interpretation is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The Company has not early adopted this IFRIC. The Company has yet to complete its evaluation of whether this interpretation will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

(3)Significant accounting policies

 

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by the Company and its subsidiaries.

 

a)Basis of consolidation

 

i. Subsidiaries

 

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases (see note 5).

 

ii. Transactions eliminated in consolidation

 

Profits and losses of subsidiaries acquired or sold during the year are included in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income from the acquisition date to the selling date, as the case may be.

 

Where necessary, subsidiaries’ financial statements are adjusted to align their accounting policies with the Company accounting policies.

 

Significant consolidated intercompany balances and transactions, and any unrealized gains and losses arising from transactions between consolidated companies have been eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

 

iii. Business acquisitions

 

Business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method. For each business acquisition, non-controlling interest in the acquiree is valued either at fair value or according to the proportionate interest in acquiree’s identifiable net assets.

 

F-20
 

 

On a business acquisition, the Company evaluates the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed for proper classification and designation according to the contractual terms, economic circumstances and relevant conditions at the acquisition date.

 

Goodwill is originally valued at cost, and represents any excess of the transferred consideration over the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If after a revaluation, the net amount of identifiable acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of the acquisition date exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired company and the fair value of the prior shareholding of the acquirer in the acquired company (if any), the excess is immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income as a purchase gain at bargain price.

 

Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs related to a business combination are expensed as incurred.

 

Certain contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not re-measured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration will be recognized in profit and loss.

 

b)Foreign currency

 

i. Foreign currency transactions

 

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Company at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain and loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period, adjusted for interest and effective payments during the period, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.

 

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are valued at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.

 

Foreign currency differences arising in translation are recognized in profit and loss.

 

ii. Translation of foreign operations

 

Assets and liabilities, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, of foreign operations whose functional currency differs from the reporting currency, are translated into pesos at exchange rates at the reporting date. Income and expenses are translated to pesos at the average exchange rate of the period of the transactions.

 

Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in stockholders’ equity.

 

F-21
 

 

Foreign exchange gains and losses arising from an item received from or payable to a foreign transaction, whose settlement is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, are considered part of a net investment in a foreign transaction and are recognized under the “other comprehensive income” account, and presented within stockholders’ equity in the foreign currency translation reserve. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 the Company did not enter into such operations.

 

c)Financial instruments

 

i. Non-derivative financial assets

 

Non-derivative financial assets of the Company include cash and cash equivalents, primary financial instruments (financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss and financial assets held to maturity), trade receivable and other receivables.

 

The Company initially recognizes accounts receivable and cash equivalents on the date that they arise. All other financial assets (including assets designated at fair value through profit and loss) are initially recognized on the trading date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

 

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are substantially transferred.

 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the statement of financial position solely if the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis of financial assets and liabilities or otherwise realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 

Financial assets valued at fair value through profit and loss

 

A financial asset is presented at fair value through profit and loss if it is classified as held-for-trading or is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial assets are designated at fair value through profit and loss if the Company manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company´s investment or risk management policy. Costs attributable to the acquisition or issue of such financial assets are recognized in profit and loss as incurred. Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit and loss.

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets

 

Held-to-maturity financial assets are financial assets that the Company has the intention and ability to hold such debt instruments to maturity. Held-to-maturity financial assets are originally recognized at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently to initial recognition, held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at their amortized cost by using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. Any sale or reclassification of a more than insignificant amount of held-to-maturity financial assets would result in the reclassification of all held-to-maturity investments as available-for-sale, and prevent the Company from classifying investment securities as held-to-maturity for the current and the following two years.

 

F-22
 

 

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income or cost over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value, and are used by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments.

 

Receivables

 

Receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognized initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, receivables are measured at amortized cost. Receivables comprise trade and other receivables.

 

ii. Non-derivative financial liabilities

 

Debt and/or equity instruments are classified as financial liabilities or as equity according to the substance of the contractual agreement and the definitions of liability and equity.

 

All financial liabilities are initially recognized on the trade date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

 

The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are met, cancelled or expire.

 

The Company has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: short-term and long-term debt, and trade and other payables.

 

The aforementioned financial liabilities are originally recognized at fair value, plus costs directly attributable to the transaction. Subsequently, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost during their term.

 

iii. Derivative financial instruments

 

Derivative financial instruments entered into for fair value hedging or for trading purposes are initially recognized at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit and loss as incurred. Subsequent to the initial recognition, such derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, and changes in such value are immediately recognized in profit and loss.

 

Fair value of derivative financial instruments that are traded in recognized financial markets is based on quotes issued by these markets; when a derivative financial instrument is traded in the “over the counter” market, the fair value is determined based on internal models and market inputs accepted in the financial environment.

 

F-23
 

 

The Company analyzes if there are embedded derivatives that should be segregated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. A separate instrument with the same terms as those of the embedded derivative meets the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit and loss. Changes in fair value of the separable embedded derivatives are immediately recognized in profit and loss. At December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company has not recognized embedded derivatives.

 

The Company has derivative financial instruments designated as fair value hedged for its exposure to commodity price risks resulting from its operating activities. Derivative financial instruments that do not meet the requirements for hedge accounting treatment are accounted for as trading derivative financial instruments.

 

On initial designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument, the Company formally documents the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction, and the methods that will be used to assess the prospective and retrospective effectiveness of the hedging. The Company makes an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging instruments are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value of the respective hedged items during the period for which the hedge is designated and whether the actual results of each hedge are within a range of 80 – 125 percent.

 

If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for the hedging accounting treatment, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the designation is revoked, then hedging accounting treatment is discontinued prospectively.

 

iv. Capital stock

 

Ordinary shares

 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

 

Stock repurchase

 

When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the reserve for repurchase of shares. When treasury shares are sold or are re-issued subsequently, the amount received as well as the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recognized in equity.

 

F-24
 

 

d)Property, plant and equipment

 

i. Recognition and measurement

 

Property, plant and equipment, are recorded at acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation, except for land, and any accumulated impairment losses. Land is measured at the acquisition costs les any accumulated impairment losses.

 

Acquisition cost includes the purchase price, as well as any cost directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset, including all costs to directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

 

When components of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.

 

An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized at the time of disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Gains or losses on the sale of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from the sale with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net under “other income (expenses)” in profit and loss for the year.

 

ii. Subsequent costs

 

The replacement cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is capitalized if the future economic benefits associated with the cost are expected to flow to the Company and the related cost is reliably determined. The carrying amount of the replaced item is written off from the accounting records. Maintenance and repair expenses related to property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred.

 

iii. Depreciation

 

During 2013, based on the analysis performed by the Company, a change to the estimate of residual values of certain fixed assets occurred, which resulted in a decrease to depreciation expense of $49,061, recorded in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the year.

 

Depreciation is calculated on the cost of the asset less its residual value, using the straight line method, based on the estimated useful life of the assets. Depreciation is recognized in profit and loss beginning from the time when the assets are available for use. Land is not depreciated.

 

F-25
 

 

Below are the estimated useful lives for 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

   Average
useful
Life
 
Buildings   46 
Machinery and Equipment   19 
Vehicles   11 
Computers   8 
Furniture   11 

 

 

The Company has estimated the following residual values, including the aforementioned change from the Company’s current year analysis, described on note 2 (e) iv:

 

   Residual Value 
Buildings   9%
Machinery and Equipment   8%
Vehicles   5%
Computers   0%
Furniture   2%

 

e)Goodwill

 

Goodwill arises as a result of the acquisition of a business over which control is obtained and is measured at cost less cumulative impairment losses; it is subject to annual tests for impairment.

 

f)Biological assets

 

Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs of sale, with any change therein recognized in profit and loss. Costs of sale include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets, excluding finance costs and income taxes.

 

The Company’s biological assets consist of growing poultry, poultry in its different production stages, hatching eggs, breeder pigs, and growing pigs.

 

When fair value cannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation, and any cumulative impairment loss (reduction). Depreciation related to biological assets forms part of the cost of inventories and current biological assets and is ultimately recognized within cost of sales in the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income.

 

Depreciation of poultry and breeder pigs is estimated based on the expected future life of such assets and is calculated on a straight-line basis.

 

F-26
 

 

   Expected average
useful life
(weeks)
 
Poultry in its different production stages   40-47 
Breeder pigs   156 

 

Biological assets are classified as current and non-current assets, based on the nature of such assets and their purpose, whether for commercialization or for reproduction and production.

 

g)Leased assets

 

Operating leases entered into by the Company as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are not recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position. Operating lease rentals paid by the Company are recognized in profit and loss using the straight-line method over the lease term, even though payments may not be made on the same basis.

 

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets. However, when there is no reasonable certainty that ownership will be obtained at the end of the lease term, assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or their useful lives. As of December 31, 2013, 2013, and 2011 the Company has not entered into any finance lease agreements.

 

h)Inventories

 

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on average cost, and includes expenditure incurred for acquiring inventories, production or transformation costs, and other costs incurred for bringing them to their present location and condition.

 

Agricultural products derived from biological asses are processed chickens and commercial eggs.

 

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the costs necessary to make the sale.

 

Cost of sales represents cost of inventories at the time of sale, increased, if applicable, by reductions in inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost, during the year.

 

The Company records the necessary reductions in the value of its inventories for impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the items that are part of the inventory may be lower than the carrying value.

 

i)Impairment

 

i. Financial assets

 

A financial asset that is not recorded at fair value through profit and loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if there is objective evidence of a loss event after the initial recognition of the asset, and that such loss event had a negative impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.

 

F-27
 

 

Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Company, evidence that a debtor may go bankrupt, or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged reduction in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.

 

The Company considers evidence of impairment for financial assets valued at amortized cost (accounts receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities) both individually and collectively. All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities are assessed for specific impairment. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics.

 

In assessing collective impairment, the Company uses historical trends of probabilities of default, timeliness of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are greater or less than those suggested by historical trends.

 

An impairment loss related to a financial asset valued at amortized cost is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate. Losses are recognized in profit and loss and reflected in an allowance account against receivables or held-to-maturity investment securities. Interest on impaired assets continues being recognized. When a subsequent event that occurs after impairment has been recognized, it results in the reduction of the loss amount; this reduction is reversed through profit and loss.

 

ii. Non-financial assets

 

The carrying amounts of the Company´s non-financial assets, other than inventories, biological assets and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment on the same dates.

 

The Company defines the cash generating units and also estimates the periodicity and cash flows that they should generate. Subsequent changes in the group of cash-generating units, or changes in the assumptions that support the cash flow estimates or the discount rate could impact the carrying amounts of the respective asset.

 

The main assumptions for developing estimates of recoverable amounts requires the Company’s administration to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate its present value. The Company estimates cash flow projections considering current market conditions, determination of future prices of goods and volumes of production and sales. In addition, for the purposes of the discount and perpetuity growth rate, the Company uses indicators of market and expectations of long-term growth in the markets in which the Company operates.

 

F-28
 

 

The Company estimates a discount rate before taxes for the purposes of the goodwill impairment test that reflects the risk of the cash-generating units and that enables the calculation of present value of expected future cash flows, as well as to reflect risks that were not included in the cash flow projection assumptions and premises. The discount rate that the Company estimates is based on the waged average cost of capital. In addition, the discount rate estimated by the Company reflects the return that market participants would require if they had made a decision about an equivalent asset, as well as the expected generation of cash flow, time, and risk-and-return profiles.

 

The Company annually reviews the circumstances which led to an impairment loss arising from cash-generating units to determine whether such circumstances have been changed and that may result in the reversal of previously recognized impairment losses. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other long-lived assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if the impairment loss had not been recognized.

 

Impairment losses are recognized in profit and loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the cash-generating unit (or group of CGUs), and subsequently to reduce the carrying amount of the other long-lived assets within the cash-generating unit (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.

 

j)Available-for-sale assets

 

Assets available for sale mainly consist of foreclosed assets as well as an aircraft included with the acquisition of OK Industries, Inc. (see note 4a). The Company sold this aircraft in 2012.

 

Immediately before being classified as available-for-sale, assets are valued according to the Company’s accounting policies in accordance to the applicable IFRS. Subsequently, available-for-sale assets are recorded at the lower of the carrying amount and fair value less cost of sale of the assets. Impairment losses on initial classification of available-for-sale assets and subsequent revaluation gains and losses are recognized in profit and loss. Previously recognized gains exceeding any cumulative impairment loss are not recognized.

 

Foreclosed assets are recorded at the lower of fair value less cost of sale or net carrying amount of the related account receivable.

 

k)Other assets

 

Other long-term assets primarily include prepayments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, investments in insurance policies and guarantee deposits.

 

The Company owns life insurance policies of some of the former stockholders of Bachoco USA (foreign subsidiary). The Company records these policies at net cash surrender value (see note 16).

 

F-29
 

 

l)Employee benefits

 

Benefit plan in Mexican operation

 

The Company has a retirement plan in which non-union workers in Mexico participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their last three years of service, the number of years worked at the Company and their age at retirement. This pension plan includes:

 

i. Defined contribution plan

 

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit and loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that the Company has the right to a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted at present value.

 

ii. Defined benefit plan

 

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded by contributions made by the Company and is intended to meet the Company’s labor obligations to employees.

 

The Company´s net obligations in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan, estimating the amount of the future benefit that the employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior fiscal years; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and is reduced by the fair value of the plan assets. The discount rate is the yield at the end of the reporting period on high quality corporate bonds (or governmental bonds in the instance that a deep market does not exist for high quality corporate bonds) that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company´s obligations and that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows:

 

·Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements)
·Net interest expense or income
·Remeasurement

 

The Company presents the first two components of defined benefit cost in profit or loss. Gains and losses for reduction of service are accounted for as past service costs.

 

The calculation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans.

 

F-30
 

 

When the benefits of a plan are modified or improved, the portion of the improved benefits related to past services by employees is recognized in profit and loss on the earlier of the following dates: when there is a modification or reduction to the plan, or when the Company recognizes the related restructuring costs or termination benefits.

 

Remeasurement adjustments, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), is reflected immediately in the statement of consolidated statement of financial position with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in retained earnings and will not be reclassified to profit or loss.

 

iii. Short-term benefits

 

Short-term employee benefits are valued on a non-discounted basis and are expensed as the respective services are rendered.

 

A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under the short-term cash bonus plans or statutory employee profit sharing (PTU for its acronym in Spanish), if the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to pay such amounts as a result of prior services rendered by the employee, and the obligation may be reliably estimated.

 

iv. Termination benefits from constructive obligation

 

The Company recognizes, as a defined benefit plan, a constructive obligation from past practices. The liability accrues based on the services rendered by the employee. Payment of this benefit is made in one installment at the time that the employee voluntarily ceases working for the Company.

 

Benefit plan in foreign subsidiary

 

The Company maintains a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation.

 

m) Provisions

 

A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

 

When the effect of time value of money is significant, the amount of the provision is the present value of the disbursements expected to be necessary to settle the obligation. The discount rate applied is determined before taxes, and reflects market conditions at the reporting date and takes into account the specific risk of the relevant liability, if any. The unwinding of the present value discount is recognized as a financial cost.

 

F-31
 

 

n)Interests in joint operations

 

A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

 

The Company as a joint operator recognizes, in relation to its interest in a joint operation: its assets, including its share of any assets held jointly; its liabilities, including its share of any liabilities incurred jointly; its revenue from the sale of its share of the output arising from the joint operation; its share of the revenue from the sale of the output by the joint operation, and its expenses, including its share of any expenses incurred jointly.

 

The Company accounts for the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses relating to its interest in a joint operation in accordance with the IFRSs applicable to the particular assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

 

The Company has joint operations derived from the broiler agreements for the development of its biological assets. For such operations, the Company accounts for its biological assets, its obligations derived from technical support, as well as the expenses it incurs with respect to the joint operations. The live poultry produced by the joint operation is ultimately used internally by the Company and may be sold by the Company to third parties. As a result, the joint operation itself does not generate any revenues.

 

o)Revenues

 

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration relating to the transaction is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. If it is probable that discounts will be granted and the amount can be measured reliably, the discount is recognized as a reduction of revenue.

 

p)Financial income and costs

 

Financial income comprises interest income from funds invested, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and foreign currency exchange gains. Interest income is recognized in profit and loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit and loss on the date that the Company´s right to receive the payment is established.

 

Financial costs comprise interest expense for borrowings, foreign currency exchange losses and fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit and loss. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognized in profit and loss using the effective interest method.

 

F-32
 

 

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the costs of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

 

Exchange gains and losses are reported on a net basis.

 

q)Income taxes

 

Tax expenses comprise current and deferred tax. Current taxes and deferred taxes are recognized in profit and loss provided they do not relate to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the fiscal year, which can be applied to taxable income from previous years, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted in each jurisdiction at the reporting date, plus any adjustment to taxes payable with respect to previous years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the payment of dividends.

 

Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for tax purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:

 

·the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and did not affect neither accounting or taxable profit or loss;

 

·differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that the Company is able to control the reversal date, and the reversion is not expected to take place in the near future.

 

·taxable temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of goodwill.

 

Deferred tax is determined by applying the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the temporary differences will reverse, based on the regulations enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

 

The measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax consequences derived from the manner in which the Company expects to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities.

 

In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Company takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Company believes that balance for the tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of several factors, including the interpretation of the tax law and prior experience.

 

F-33
 

 

A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is not probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.

 

r)Earnings per share

 

The Company presents information on basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) related to its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit and loss attributable to the holders of the Company’s common shares by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares during the period, adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to the holders of the ordinary shares and the outstanding weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for treasury shares held, for the potential dilutive effects of all ordinary shares, including convertible instruments and options on shares granted to employees. At December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company has no dilutive potential ordinary shares, for which reason basic and diluted EPS is the same.

 

s)Segment information

 

An operating segment is a component of the Company that: i) is engaged in business activities from which revenues and expenses may be obtained and incurred, including revenues and expenses related to transactions with any of the other components of the Company, ii) which results are reviewed periodically by the chief operating decision maker for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance, and iii) for which discrete financial information exists.

 

The Company discloses reportable segments based on operating segments whose revenues exceed 10% of the combined revenues from all segments, whose absolute value of profit or loss exceeds 10% of the combined absolute value of profit or loss from all segments, whose assets exceed 10% of the combined assets from all segments, or that result from the aggregation of two or more operating segments when they have similar economic characteristics and meet the aggregation criteria in IFRS.

 

t)Costs and expenses by function

 

Costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income were classified by their function. The nature of costs and expenses is presented in Note 22.

 

u)Statement of cash flows

 

The Company presents cash flows from operating activities by using the indirect method, in which the income or loss is adjusted by the effects of items that do not require cash flows, including those related to investing or financing activities.

 

The Company classifies all interest received from its investments and accounts receivable as investment activities, and all interest paid interest as financing activities.

 

F-34
 

 

(4)Business and asset acquisitions

 

a)OK Industries acquisition

 

On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries. OK Industries, Inc. is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken) to supplier autoservices networks, fast food networks and others in the United States of America and foreign markets. The aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash amounted $1,269,306 (93.4 million dollars). The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 3 Business Combinations.

 

On March 2, 2012 Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of the Company and Bachoco USA, LLC acquired 100% of the shares of OK Industries, Inc.

 

The consolidated financial statements of the Company as of December 31, 2011 include the consolidated statement of financial position of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries, as of such date, based on the best estimate of the fair value of net asset as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches.

 

The cost approach, which estimates fair value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent economic utility, was utilized primarily for plant and equipment. The cost to replace a given asset reflects the estimated reproduction or replacement cost for the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation. The market approach, which indicates fair value for a subject asset based on available market pricing for comparable assets, was utilized primarily for property. The market approach calculates fair value based on financial multiples available for similar entities and adjustments for the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider in determining fair value.

 

Due to their short-term maturities, the Company believes the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value at the acquisition date. At the acquisition date, inventories are recorded at their fair value less selling expenses. The investment in insurance policies is recorded at its aggregate net cash surrender value, both of which approximate fair value at the acquisition date.

 

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed

 

A summary of the fair value of the main classes of consideration transferred and the recognized amounts of acquired assumed assets and assumed liabilities at the date of acquisition (November 1, 2011) is included below, as well as measurement period adjustments made to the balance of certain items. Such adjustments arose from additional information obtained during the measurement period and were recognized retroactively at the date of acquisition in accordance with IFRS 3:

 

F-35
 

 

   Previously
recognized
value
   Measurement
period
adjustment
   Adjusted
balance
 
             
Current assets  $1,332,762    -    1,332,762 
Property, plant and equipment   1,693,980    (53,531)   1,640,449 
Other assets   153,364    -    153,364 
Total assets   3,180,106    (53,531)   3,126,575 
                
Current liabilities   (390,001)   -    (390,001)
Deferred income tax   (519,189)   59,511    (459,678)
Non-controlling interest   (7,025)   -    (7,025)
Acquired assets, net   2,263,891    5,980    2,269,871 
                
Consideration paid   1,269,306         1,269,306 
                
Gain on bargain purchase  $994,585         1,000,565 

 

The gain on bargain purchase was generated given that the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date exceeded the consideration transferred. The bargain purchase gain stemmed from the fact that former strategies resulted in a high cost structure with limited opportunity to improve profitability for the entity. As a consequence, the fair value of the enterprise as a whole was determined to be less than fair value of the assets that comprise the entity. Thus, a bargain purchase gain was recognized as bargain purchase price in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, within other income (expenses), net (see note 30).

 

Had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2011, management estimates that consolidated revenues and consolidated profits for the year ended December 31, 2011 would have totaled $34,809,853 and $911,952, respectively.

 

The consolidated revenue of the acquired business for the year ended on December 31, 2011 is disclosed in note 6b.

 

Costs related to OK industries acquisition.

 

During 2011, the Company incurred costs related to the acquisition of OK Industries, Inc. of $11,426 corresponding to external legal fees and due diligence costs. The external legal fees and due diligence costs have been included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011 (note 29).

 

b)Trosi de Carne, S.A. de C.V. acquisition

 

On August 20, 2011, Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets of Trosi de Carne, S.A. de C.V. In accordance with IFRS 3, such net assets qualify as business combination. The net assets acquired are used to the production of high processed products from beef and pork.

 

Below is a summary of the net assets acquired at their fair value (determined within the measurement period and recorded at the acquisition date in accordance with IFRS 3) and the purchase price paid in cash.

 

F-36
 

 

Property, plant and equipment  $98,385 
Working capital   24,232 
Deferred income tax   (18,170)
Acquired assets, net   104,447 
Consideration paid   57,723 
Gain on bargain purchase  $46,724 

 

A gain on bargain purchase was recognized in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, on the other income (expenses), net (see note 29).

 

c)Acquisition of property, plant and equipment of Mercantil Agropecuario Coromuel, S.A. de C.V.

 

On December 16, 2011, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets from Mercantil Agropecuaria Corumel, S.A. de C.V., entity located in the state of Baja California Sur. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $55,522. The acquisition was intended to increase the brand commercial presence and improve the distribution channels in that region.

 

d)Acquisition of Morris Hatchery, Inc.

 

On July 9, 2013, the Company reached an agreement to acquire assets from the breeding farms of Morris Hatchery Inc., located in Arkansas, United States of America. This acquisition mainly consists of poultry equipment and inventory, and has a capacity of breeding birds that produce hatching eggs. The hatching eggs will ultimately be used internally by the Company, benefitting the United States of America operations given that they did not previously have the capacity of breeding birds that produce hatching eggs. The Company concluded that the transaction represented the acquisition of a business.

 

Below is a summary of the fair value of the net assets acquired as of the acquisition date in conformity with IFRS 3, as well as the purchase price paid. The amounts are final; accordingly the Company will not take advantage of the use of the measurement period permitted by IFRS 3.

 

F-37
 

 

Acquired assets and identifiable assumed liabilities

 

   Previously
Recognized Value
 
Current and non-current biological assets  $77,237 
Inventories   3,257 
Property, plant and equipment   11,982 
Other assets   194 
Acquired assets, net   92,670 
Cash consideration paid   135,450 
Goodwill  $(42,780)

 

Third party acquisition costs paid by the Company were not material, given that it utilized mostly its own resources in the acquisition. Given that the acquisition was for the benefit of the Company’s own internal operations, it is impracticable to determine the amount of revenues generated by Morris Hatchery since its acquisition.

 

(5)Subsidiaries of the Company

 

Subsidiaries and Company´s shareholding percentage in such subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are listed below:

 

Name  Shareholding percentage in
subsidiaries
      December 31, 
   Country  2013   2012 
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Bachoco USA, LLC. & Sub.  U.S.   100.00    100.00 
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V.  México   64.00    64.00 
Aviser, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Secba, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V.  México   99.99    99.99 

 

The main subsidiaries of the group and their activities are as follows:

 

- Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (BSACV) (includes four subsidiaries which are 51% owned, and over which BSACV has control). BSACV is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing poultry goods (chicken and eggs).

 

F-38
 

 

- On March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC was incorporated in the State of Delaware, United States of America as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company with 100% of the shareholding. From that date, Bachoco USA, LLC holds the shares of OK Industries, Inc. and, therefore, of the operations of the Company in the United States of America. OK Industries, Inc. (acquired in November 2011) comprises five controlled subsidiaries. OK Industries, Inc. owns 100% of the shares of four of these subsidiaries, and 85% of the shares of the remaining subsidiary as a result of a dissolution of shares in 2012. Their primary activity includes the production of chicken products mostly marketed in the United States of America and, to a lesser extent, in other foreign markets.

 

- Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V., is engaged in producing and marketing balanced animal feed, mainly for selling to third parties.

 

- The main activity of Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. and Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. is the distribution of chicken, turkey and beef value-added products.

 

- On January 4, 2012 PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V. was constituted. As of such date PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V. is the holding of the shares of Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V., previously owned by the Company and other shareholders. Its main activity consists of the production and distribution of medicines and vaccines for animal consumption.

 

- Aviser, S.A. de C.V., Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V., Secba, S.A. de C.V., Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. and Sepetec, S.A de C.V. are engaged in providing administrative and operating services rendered to their related parties.

 

None of the Company’s contracts or loan agreements restrict the net assets of the Company’s subsidiaries.

 

(6)Operating segments

 

Reportable segments have been determined based on a line of product approach. Intersegment transactions have been eliminated. The poultry segment consists of chicken and egg operations. The information included in the “Others” segment corresponds to pigs, balanced feed for animal consumption and other insignificant by-products.

 

Inter-segment pricing is determined on an arm’s length basis. The accounting policies of operating segments are as those described in note 3 s).

 

Below is the information related to each reportable segment. Performance is measured based on each segment’s income before taxes, in the same manner as it is included in management reports that are reviewed by the Company’s General Director. Each segment’s profits are used in measuring performance as management believes such information is the most appropriate for assessing the results of certain segments.

 

F-39
 

 

a)Operating segment information

 

   Year ended December 31, 2013 
   Poultry   Others   Total 
Net revenues  $35,943,862    3,766,864    39,710,726 
Cost of sales   29,847,653    3,328,946    33,176,599 
Gross profit   6,096,209    437,918    6,534,127 
Income before taxes   3,164,288    227,956    3,392,244 
Income taxes   1,252,784    97,655    1,350,439 
Net income attributable to controlling interest   1,890,572    147,850    2,038,422 
Property, plant and equipment, net   10,425,139    1,227,310    11,652,449 
Goodwill   256,244    88,015    344,259 
Total assets   25,725,596    3,055,995    28,781,591 
Total liabilities   (7,759,814)   (870,631)   (8,630,445)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net   514,466    60,945    575,411 
Depreciation and amortization   (731,797)   (84,876)   (816,673)

 

   Year ended December 31, 2012 
   Poultry   Others   Total 
Net revenues  $35,797,169    3,570,262    39,367,431 
Cost of sales   30,210,843    3,107,364    33,318,207 
Gross profit   5,586,326    462,898    6,049,224 
Income before taxes   2,580,005    213,786    2,793,791 
Income taxes   486,251    115,769    602,020 
Net income attributable to controlling interest   1,939,733    244,834    2,184,567 
Property, plant and equipment, net   10,363,200    1,586,316    11,949,516 
Goodwill   212,833    88,015    300,848 
Total assets   25,224,900    2,815,284    28,040,184 
Total liabilities   (8,093,729)   (857,766)   (8,951,495)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net   942,351    9,409    951,760 
Depreciation and amortization   (752,492)   (85,315)   (837,807)

 

F-40
 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2011 
   Poultry   Others   Total 
Net revenues  $24,697,212    3,037,778    27,734,990 
Cost of sales   22,058,417    2,738,620    24,797,037 
Gross profit   2,638,795    299,158    2,937,953 
Income before taxes   1,024,662    116,165    1,140,827 
Income taxes   (20,135)   (18,481)   (38,616)
Net income attributable to controlling interest   1,093,861    83,485    1,177,346 
Property, plant and equipment, net   11,652,108    460,837    12,112,945 
Goodwill   212,833    88,015    300,848 
Total assets   23,335,598    1,381,722    24,717,320 
Total liabilities   (6,779,658)   (557,834)   (7,337,492)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net   662,009    45,524    707,533 
Depreciation and amortization   (722,286)   (23,551)   (745,837)

 

b)Geographical information

 

When submitting information by geographic area, revenue is classified based on the geographic location where the Company’s customers are located. Segment assets are classified in accordance with their geographic location. Geographical information for the Others segment is not included below as it is all generated domestically in Mexico.

 

   Year ended December 31, 2013 
   Domestic
poultry
   Foreign
poultry
   Total 
Net revenues  $27,426,465    8,517,397    35,943,862 
Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and rights arising under insurance contracts               
Non-current biological assets   840,622    269,314    1,109,936 
Property, plant and equipment, net   8,936,020    1,489,119    10,425,139 
Goodwill   212,833   43,411   256,244   212,833    43,411    256,244 

 

F-41
 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2012 
   Domestic
poultry
   Foreign
poultry
   Total 
Net revenues  $27,625,702    8,171,467    35,797,169 
Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and rights arising under insurance contracts               
Non-current biological assets   942,781    163,339    1,106,120 
Property, plant and equipment, net   8,863,652    1,499,548    10,363,200 
Goodwill   212,833    -    212,833 

 

   Year ended December 31, 2011 
   Domestic
poultry
   Foreign poultry
(two-months
operations)
   Total 
Net revenues  $23,318,433    1,378,779    24,697,212 
Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and rights arising under insurance contracts               
Non-current biological assets   877,059    152,583    1,029,642 
Property, plant and equipment, net   10,011,659    1,640,449    11,652,108 
Goodwill   212,833    -    212,833 

 

c)Major Customers

 

In Mexico, the Company’s products are traded among a large number of customers, without significant concentration with any specific customer. Therefore, in 2013, 2012 and 2011, no customer represented over 10% of the Company’s total revenues.

 

The Company has transactions with Ozark Mountain Poultry, Inc. representing 14%, 12% and 4% of total sales outside of Mexico during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

F-42
 

 

(7)Cash and cash equivalents

 

The consolidated balances of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 are as follows:

 

   December 31 
   2013   2012 
Cash and banks  $594,183    1,592,555 
Investments with maturities less than three months   6,121,330    2,586,471 
Cash and cash equivalents   6,715,513    4,179,026 
           
Restricted cash   1,381    515 
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash  $6,716,894    4,179,541 

 

Restricted cash corresponds to the minimum margin required by the intermediary related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments, in order to meet future commitments that may stem from adverse market movements affecting prices on the open positions as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

Investments with maturities less than three months include cash of $29,858 and $38,431, related to high-liquidity investments for 2013 and 2012, respectively (see Note 8).

 

(8)Financial instruments and risk management

 

The Company is exposed to market risks, liquidity risks and credit risks for the use of financial instruments, for which reason it exercises its risk management.

 

This note presents information on the Company’s exposure to each one of the aforementioned risks, the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for the measurement and management of financial risks.

 

Risk management framework

 

The philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize risks and, therefore maximize business stability, focusing decisions on creating an optimum combination of products and assets that produce a risk – return ratio more in agreement with the risk profile of its stockholders.

 

In order to establish a clear and optimum organizational structure with respect to risk management, a Risk Committee has been established which is the specialized body in charge of defining, proposing, approving and implementing the objectives, policies, procedures, methodologies and strategies, as well as the determination of the maximum limits of exposure to risk and contingency plans.

 

F-43
 

 

Management by type or risk

 

a)Categories of financial assets and liabilities

 

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are shown below:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Financial assets          
Cash and cash equivalents  $6,716,894    4,179,541 
Investments designated at fair value through profit and loss   972,641    923,010 
Investments held to maturity   31,465    38,958 
Accounts receivable   1,635,338    1,741,639 
Financial assets for trading purposes   -    2,701 
Financial liabilities          
Measured at fair value through profit and loss   (557,592)   (1,197,056)
Measured at amortized cost   (1,510,210)   (1,526,602)
Trade payables and sundry creditors  $(2,970,090)   (3,094,632)

 

b)Credit risk

 

Credit risk is defined as the potential loss of a portfolio of an amount owed to the Company due to lack of payment from a debtor, or for breach by a counterparty with which derivative financial instruments and primary financial instruments transactions are conducted.

 

The risk management process contemplates the use of derivative financial instruments and primary financial instruments, which are exposed to a market risk, but are also to counterparty risk.

 

Measurement and monitoring of counterparty risk

 

The Company, in terms of valuation and monitoring of derivative financial instruments and primary financial instruments, measures its counterparty risk by identifying the Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) and Debit Valuation Adjustment (DVA).

 

For investments in primary financial instruments in national currency, the financial instruments valuation models used by price suppliers incorporate market movements and credit quality of issuers, thereby implicitly including the counterparty risk of the transaction in the fair value determination; therefore, the position in primary financial instruments includes the counterparty risk and no other study and/or related study is carried out. The price of the instruments obtained from the price supplier is mid prices, which is the mid-price between the buying price and the selling price. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the balance of held to maturity investments is $31,465 and $38,958, respectively.

 

Investments in primary financial instruments in foreign currency not listed in Mexico are valued at prices contained in the broker's statements of account. The Company validates these market prices with Bloomberg, which incorporate market movements and the credit quality of issuers; thereby implicitly including the counterparty risk of the transaction and no related adjustment is carried out. The prices obtained from Bloomberg are mid prices.

 

F-44
 

 

For derivative financial instruments traded in over the counter markets, CVA and/or DVA is calculated in Bloomberg for risk monitoring purposes, but it is not reflected in the Company's books as part of the derivative instruments fair value. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the credit risk not reflected in derivative financial instruments is not considered material.

 

Trade accounts receivable and other accounts receivable measurement and monitoring

 

It is the policy of the Company to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to cover the balances of accounts receivable that are not likely to be recovered. To set the required allowance, the Company considers historical losses, assesses current market conditions, as well as customers' financial conditions, accounts receivable in litigation, price differences, portfolio aging and current payment patterns.

 

The impairment assessment of accounts receivable is performed on a collective basis, as there are no accounts with significant balances, and in the short-term. The Company's products are marketed to a large number of customers without any significant concentration with a specific customer. As part of the objective evidence that an account receivable portfolio is impaired, the Company considers past experiences with respect to collection, increases in the number of overdue payments in the portfolio exceeding the average loan period, as well as observable changes in national and local economic conditions that correlate to defaults.

 

The Company has a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually in terms of its creditworthiness before offering it payment terms and conditions. The Company's review includes internal and external assessments, and in some cases, bank references and a search in the Public Registry of Properties. Purchase limits that represent the maximum open amount are set for each customer. Customers that do not meet the Company's credit references can solely conduct transactions in cash or through advance payments.

 

The allowance for doubtful accounts includes trade accounts receivable that are impaired, which amount to $86,564 and $58,910 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The reconciliation of movements the allowance for doubtful accounts, and the analysis of past-due accounts receivable but not impaired, are presented in note 9.

 

The Company receives guarantees on credit lines granted to its clients, which consist of real and personal property, such as land, buildings, houses, vehicles, credit cards, cash deposits and others. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the guarantees fair value, determined through an appraisal at the time the loan is granted, is $497,490 and $517,269 respectively.

 

The fair value of trade accounts receivable is similar to the carrying amount, as the terms granted under credit lines are of a short nature and do not include significant financial components.

 

F-45
 

 

Investments

 

The Company limits its exposure to credit risk with respect to derivative and primary financial instruments by investing solely in liquid securities and solely with counterparties that have a credit rating scale or investing grade. Management constantly monitors credit ratings, and as it invests solely in securities with high credit ratings, it is not expected that any counterparty fails to fulfill its obligations.

 

Investments in debt and equity instruments with a credit rating less than those referred to in the preceding paragraph are authorized by the Risk Committee and the Board of Directors.

 

Financial guarantees granted

 

It is the Company’s policy to grant financial guarantees solely to 100% owned subsidiary companies.

 

Exposure to credit risk

 

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure, which as of the reporting date is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Investments held to maturity  $31,465    38,958 
Cash and cash equivalents   6,716,894    4,179,541 
Investments designated at fair value through profit and loss   972,641    923,010 
Interest-rate derivative financial instruments for trading purposes   -    152 
Derivative financial instruments on commodities for trading purposes   -    2,549 
Accounts receivable net of guarantees received   1,120,529    1,212,141 
   $8,841,529    6,356,351 

 

Investments designated at fair value through profit and loss include $29,858 and $38,431 in highly liquid of investments for 2013 and 2012, respectively.

 

c)Liquidity risk

 

Liquidity risk is defined as the potential loss stemming from the impossibility to renew liabilities or enter into other liabilities under normal terms, the early or forced sale of assets or the need to grant unusual discounts in order to meet obligations, or by the fact that a position cannot be disposed of, acquired or covered promptly through the establishment of an equivalent contrary position.

 

Liquidity risk management process considers the management of the assets and liabilities included in the consolidated statements of financial position (Assets Liabilities Management - ALM) in order to anticipate funding difficulties because of extreme events.

 

Monitoring

 

The Company’s areas of risk management and financial planning measure, monitor and report to the Risk Committee liquidity risks associated with the ALM and prepare limits for the authorization, implementation and operation thereof, as well as contingent action measures in case of liquidity requirements.

 

F-46
 

 

Liquidity risk caused by differences between current and projected cash flows at different dates are measured and monitored, considering all asset and liability positions of the Company denominated in local and foreign currency. Similarly, funding diversification and sources to which the Company has access are evaluated.

 

The Company quantifies the potential loss arising from early or forced sale of assets or sale at unusual discounts to meet its obligations in a timely manner, as well as by the fact that a position cannot be disposed of, acquired or covered timely through the establishment of a contrary equivalent position.

 

Liquidity risk monitoring considers a liquidity gap analysis, scenarios for lack of liquidity and use of alternative sources of financing.

 

Below are the contractual maturities of the financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments. As of the date of the consolidated financial statements, there are no financial instruments which have been offset or recognized positions that are subject to offsetting rights.

 

Maturity table

 

   December 31, 2013 
   Less than 1
year
   1 to 3 years   3 to 5 years 
Trade payables and sundry creditors  $2,970,090    -    - 
Variable-rate maturities               
In U.S. dollars   392,700    -    - 
In Mexican pesos   164,892    10,210    1,500,000 
Interest   89,554    179,108    48,704 
Total financial liabilities  $3,617,236    189,318    1,548,704 

 

As of December 31, 2012 (pesos and dollars)  Carrying
amount
   Current
contractual
cash flows
   Non-current
contractual
cash flows
 
Financial liabilities            
Financial debt (pesos)  $580,158    437,996    142,162 
Financial debt (payable in dollars)   643,500    643,500    - 
Debt securities   1,500,000    -    1,500,000 
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit or loss   1,332    1,332    - 
Trade payable and other accounts payable   3,445,245    3,445,245    - 
   $6,170,236    4,528,075    1,642,161 

 

F-47
 

 

The Company, at a minimum on a monthly basis, evaluates and advises the Board of Directors on the Company's liquidity. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has evaluated that it has sufficient resources to meet its obligations in the short and long term; therefore, it does not consider having liquidity gaps in the future and it will not be necessary to sell assets to pay its debts at unusual discounts or at out-of-market prices.

 

d)Market risk

 

Market risk is defined as the potential loss of a portfolio of derivative financial instruments and primary financial instruments held for trading purposes, for changes in risk factors that affect the valuation of short or long positions. In this sense, the uncertainty of future losses resulting from changes in market conditions (interest rates, foreign currency, prices of commodities, etc.), which directly affects movements in the price of both assets and liabilities, is detected.

 

The Company measures, monitors and reports all financial instruments subject to market risk, using sensitivity measurement models to show the potential loss associated with movements in risk variables, according to different scenarios on rates, prices and types of change during the period.

 

Monitoring

 

Sensitivity analyses are prepared at least monthly and are compared with the limits established. Any excess identified is reported to the Risk Committee.

 

Stress tests

 

At least monthly, the Company conducts stress tests calculating the value of the portfolios and considering changes in risk factors observed in historical dates of financial stress.

 

i. Commodities price risk

 

The Company seeks to protect itself against variations in the agreed-upon price of primary commodities used in its operations, making use of derivative financial instruments that are designated as either accounting hedges or economic hedges.

 

With respect to risks related to commodities designated in a formal hedging relationship, the Company seeks protection against downward variations in the agreed-upon price of corn and/or sorghum with the producer, which may represent an opportunity cost as there are lower prices in the current market upon receiving the inventory, and to hedge the risk of a decline in prices between the receipt date and that of inventory consumption.

 

Purchases of corn and/or sorghum are formalized through an agreement denominated "Forward buy-sell agreement", which has the following characteristics:

 

·Transaction date
·Number of agreed-upon tons
·Harvest, state and agricultural cycle from which the harvest comes

·Price of product per ton, plus quality award or penalty

 

F-48
 

 

Agricultural agreements that result in firm commitments are linked to two corn and/or sorghum agricultural cycles, and in contracting purchases: both contracting cycles and dates are itemized as follows:

 

·Fall-winter Cycle - The registration window period is at the discretion of the Agency of Services for Distribution and Development of Agricultural Markets (ASERCA, for its Spanish acronym), which is usually between December and March, while the fall-winter cycle harvest period takes place during May, June and July. However, corn and/or harvest could lengthen up to one month or several months, depending on the weather conditions, such as drought and frost.

 

·Spring-summer Cycle - The registration window period is at the discretion of ASERCA; the spring-summer cycle usually takes place during the July and August and the harvest depends on each State and is very variable.

 

The Company carries out prospective effectiveness tests at the beginning of each hedge and, at least on a quarterly basis, retrospective effectiveness tests. The hedges are and will be highly effective since they are between the 80%-125% range.

 

As of December 31, 2013, the Company has effective hedging positions of corn long puts with ASERCA, maturing in March, July, September and December 2014. The gain on valuation of these instruments is $120,560, recorded within cost of sales. At December 31, 2012, there were no open positions of long put hedge options with ASERCA.

 

The Company maintains a contractual agreement with ASERCA in which the Company will pay 55% of the option premium and ASERCA will pay the remaining 45%. In case the option is In the Money (Strike>Forward), the Company will recover the 55% portion paid and an additional 22.5% which is equivalent to 50% of the portion paid by ASERCA. Due to its nature and according to the established by IAS 20 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, the portion paid by ASERCA must be recognized as an income over the term of the instrument in order to match it against the costs it is intended to offset, on a systematic basis. The effect of such benefit as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 is $14,819 and $0, respectively.

 

With respect to the risk in commodities that are not designated in a formal hedging relationship and to which the Company is exposed, sensitivity tests on corn and sorghum futures agreements are entered into, considering different (bullish and bearish) scenarios. These results can be seen in paragraph g) of this note.

 

ii. Chicken price risk

 

The Company is exposed to financial risks mainly related to changes in the chicken price. The Company does not contemplate a significant drop in chicken price in the future; therefore, it has not entered into any derivative financial instrument or other agreement for managing the risk related to a decrease in chicken price.

 

The Company reviews chicken prices frequently in order to evaluate the need of having a financial instrument to manage the risk.

 

F-49
 

 

iii. Exchange risk

 

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rate mainly on MXP/dollars parity in the Company's assets and liabilities, such as: primary financial instruments (investments), derivative financial instruments hedging commodities, which are denominated in a currency other than the Company's functional currency. In this regard, the Company has implemented a sensitivity analysis to measure the effects that currency risk may have over the assets and liabilities described.

 

The Company protects itself through economic hedging with derivative financial instruments, a percentage of its estimated exposure to exchange rate variations in relation to sales and purchases projected during the year and in the months needed. Maturities of all instruments referred to as hedges for foreign exchange risk are less than one year from the contracting date.

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company does not have derivative financial instrument positions to hedge exchange rate risks.

 

iv. Foreign currency position

 

The Company has financial instrument assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency on which there is an exposure to currency risk.

 

Below is the foreign currency position that the Company has as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
   Dollars   MXP   Dollars   MXP 
Assets                    
Cash and cash equivalents   39,843    521,546    28,198    362,905 
Primary financial instruments   29,284    383,333    29,529    380,036 
Accounts receivable   38,810    508,017    36,771    473,245 
Other accounts receivable   12,170    159,305    11,696    150,529 
Prepaid expenses   62,564    818,967    39,051    502,585 
Total assets   182,671    2,391,168    145,245    1,869,300 
Liabilities                    
Trade accounts payable   (142,124)   (1,860,405)   (133,325)   (1,715,893)
Other accounts payable   (17,156)   (224,568)   (14,846)   (191,071)
Financial debt   (30,000)   (392,700)   (50,000)   (643,500)
Total Liabilities   (189,280)   (2,477,673)   (198,171)   (2,550,464)
Net liability position   (6,608)   (86,505)   (52,926)   (681,164)

 

F-50
 

 

The following is a detail of exchange rates effective during the fiscal year:

 

   Average exchange rate   Spot exchange rate at 
   for the year ended
December 31,
   December 31, 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
Dollars  $12.76    13.16    13.09    12.87 

 

The exchange rate at April 28, 2014 is $13.13.

 

The Company carries out a sensitivity analysis related to the effect that the movement in the exchange rates may have on its financial information. These results are shown in paragraph g) of this note. These analyses represent the scenarios that Management considers reasonably possible that would have occurred at the end of the fiscal year.

 

v. Interest rate risk

 

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in rates for primary financial instruments, such as investments, bank loans and debt securities. This risk is managed through derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps or others, taking into account market conditions and the criterion of its Risk Committee and Board of Directors.

 

Interest rate fluctuations impacted mainly bank loans by changing either their fair value (fixed rate debt) or its future cash flows (variable rate debt). Management does not have a formal policy to determine how much of the Company's exposure should be at fixed or variable rate. However, at the time of obtaining new loans, Management uses its judgment to decide whether it considers that a fixed or variable rate would be more favorable during the period foreseen to maturity.

 

As a follow-up to this risk, the Company performs, at least monthly, sensitivity tests to measure the effect of the change in interest rates in the instruments described in the preceding paragraph, which are listed in subsection g) of this note.

 

e)Financial instruments at fair value

 

The amounts of accounts payable, accounts receivable and short-term debt approximate their fair value because of their nature and short-term maturities.

 

The following table details the fair value of financial instruments at amortized cost included in the consolidated statement of financial position:

 

Liabilities recorded at
amortized cost
  Carrying
amount
   Fair
value
   Carrying
amount
   Fair
value
 
   2013   2012 
Debt securities  $1,500,000    1,519,065    1,500,000    1,507,562 

 

F-51
 

 

f)Fair value hierarchy

 

The following table presents financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value and those that are not measured at fair value, but whose fair value disclosure is required, in accordance with its category within the fair value hierarchy.

 

Measurements of financial assets and liabilities in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy have been determined in accordance with a market approach for identical instruments.

 

   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
As of December 31, 2013                    
Investments in primary instruments at fair value though profit and loss  $253,125    719,516    -    972,641 
Current and non-current biological assets   2,530,110    -    -    2,530,110 
Debt securities (measured at amortized cost)   -    (1,519,065)   -    (1,519,065)
Derivative financial instruments on commodities   -    11,735    -    11,735 
   $2,783,235    (787,814)   -    1,995,421 

 

   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total 
As of December 31, 2012                    
Investments in primary instruments at fair value through profit and loss  $-    923,010    -    923,010 
Current and non-current biological assets   2,603,084    -    -    2,603,084 
Interest rate derivative financial instruments   -    152    -    152 
Debt securities (measured at amortized cost)   -    (1,507,562)   -    (1,507,562)
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit and loss   2,549    (1,332)   -    1,217 
   $2,605,633    (585,732)   -    2,019,901 

 

g)Quantitative sensitivity measurements

 

Following are sensitivity analyses for the more significant risks to which the Company is exposed as of December 31, 2013. These analyses represent the scenarios that Management considers reasonably possible that could have occurred at the end of fiscal year 2013.

 

i. Derivative Financial Instruments (DFIs)

 

As of December 31, 2013, the Company's derivative financial instruments were comprised of instruments to hedge commodity risk only. At year-end levels, the level of exposure of the existing instruments is a loss of $372.

 

If at the end of the fiscal year 2013, the bullish price of corn and of short ton of soybean increased 7.5%, the amount of loss related to the Company’s derivative financial instruments would increase to $1,630, affecting the profit and loss of the period to a greater loss on derivative financial instruments. If on the other hand, the aforementioned prices decreased 7.5%, then the effect would be the opposite; i.e., the Company would have experienced a benefit in the profit and loss of the period of $666.

 

F-52
 

 

ii. Interest rate risk

 

As of December 31, 2013, the total position of primary financial instruments by financial debt and debt securities demonstrates a level of annual exposure to losses of $7,113.

 

If, as of the 2013 closing date, variable rates to which the Company is exposed had been higher by 25 basis points, the amount of interest paid would increase to $4,896 affecting the income of the year. If on the other hand, these rates decreased by 25 basis points, then the effect would be the opposite; i.e., a benefit in the income of the year of $4,896.

 

iii. Exchange risk

 

As of December 31, 2013, the Company's net monetary liability position in foreign currency was $86,505.

 

If, as of the 2013 closing date, the exchange rate increased $0.50 cents, the gain (loss) from foreign currency position would decrease by $2,341, affecting the Company’s profit and loss and stockholders’ equity with a loss from foreign currency exchange effects. If, on the other hand, the exchange rate increased by $0.50, then the effect would be the opposite; that is, an increase in profit and loss and stockholders’ equity of $2,341 for a financial position gain.

 

(9)Accounts receivable, net

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, accounts receivable are as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
         
Trade receivables  $1,704,583    1,788,320 
Allowance for doubtful accounts   (69,245)   (46,681)
Creditable value-added tax and other recoverable taxes   592,464    478,999 
   $2,227,802    2,220,638 

 

Past-due but not impaired portfolio

 

Below is a classification of trade accounts receivable according to their aging as of the reporting date, excluding receivables that are in a legal process:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Current  $1,470,294    1,502,596 
Overdue 0 to 60 days   120,258    208,704 
Overdue over 60 days   27,467    18,110 
   $1,618,019    1,729,410 

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012 the Company has receivables in a legal process (receivables for which legal counsel is seeking recoverability) of $86,564 and $58,910, respectively.

 

The Company believes that non-impaired amounts that are overdue by more than 60 days can still be collected, based on the historical behavior of payments and analysis of credit ratings of customers.

 

F-53
 

 

Reconciliation of movements in allowance for doubtful accounts

 

   2013   2012 
Balance as of January 1  $(46,681)   (38,537)
Increase in allowance   (29,980)   (13,501)
Amounts written off during the year   7,416    5,357 
Balance as of December 31,  $(69,245)   (46,681)

 

To determine the recoverability of an account receivable, the Company considers any change in the credit quality of the account receivable from the date of authorization of the credit line to the end of the reference period. In addition, the Company estimates that the credit risk concentration is limited as the customer base is very large and there are no related party receivables or receivables from entities under common control.

 

(10)Inventories

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and January 1, 2012, inventories are as follows:

 

   December 31,   January 1, 
   2013   2012   2012 
             
Raw materials and by-products  $1,100,971   $2,751,718   $1,883,163 
Medicine, materials and spare parts   633,829    640,953    487,178 
Finished feed   209,082    292,056    83,601 
Processed chicken (net of value allowance of $30,203 as at January 1, 2012)   689,102    784,329    717,572 
Commercial eggs   43,213    67,533    33,217 
Beef   23,013    17,090    13,658 
Turkey   25,090    37,812    12,598 
Processed products   13,922    7,864    - 
Total  $2,738,222   $4,599,355   $3,230,987 

 

Inventory consumption for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $26,041,102, $26,452,636 and $18,033,819 respectively.

 

F-54
 

 

(11)Biological assets

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and January 1, 2012, biological assets are as follows:

 

   Current
biological
assets
   Non-current
biological
assets
   Total 
Balance as at January 1, 2013  $1,496,964    1,106,120    2,603,084 
Increase due to purchases   227,864    328,059    555,923 
Sales   -    (178,543)   (178,543)
Net increase due to births   283,175    1,242,535    1,525,710 
Production cost   24,683,964    1,073,261    25,757,225 
Depreciation   -    (1,221,754)   (1,221,754)
Transfers to inventories   (25,270,795)   (1,242,535)   (26,513,330)
Other   (998)   2,793    1,795 
Balance as at December 31, 2013  $1,420,174    1,109,936    2,530,110 

 

   Current
biological
assets
   Non-current
biological
assets
   Total 
Balance as at January 1, 2012  $1,548,722    1,029,642    2,578,364 
Increase due to purchases   38,123    207,230    245,353 
Sales   (7,166)   (325,116)   (332,282)
Increase due to births   257,261    1,222,906    1,480,167 
Production cost   25,407,628    1,067,717    26,475,345 
Depreciation   -    (861,339)   (861,339)
Transfers to inventories   (25,735,178)   (1,222,906)   (26,958,084)
Other   (12,426)   (12,014)   (24,440)
Balance as at December 31, 2012  $1,496,964    1,106,120    2,603,084 

 

The balance of current biological assets is comprised of hatching eggs, growing pigs and growing poultry; while noncurrent biological assets are comprised of breeder poultry in its different stages of production and breeder pigs.

 

The change fair value of biological resulted in a decrease of $7,857 in 2013, an increase of $11,010 in 2012 and a decrease of $12,984 in 2011.

 

The Company is exposed to different risks relating to its biological assets:

 

·Future excesses in the offer of poultry products and a decline in the demand growth of the chicken industry may negatively affect the Company’s results.

 

·Increases in raw material prices and price volatility may negatively affect the Company’s margins and results.

 

·In addition, in the case of the Company’s operations in the United States of America, the cost of corn and grain may be affected by an increase in the demand for ethanol, which may reduce the market’s available corn inventory.

 

F-55
 

 

·Operations in Mexico and the United States of America are based on animal breeding and meat processing, which are subject to sanitary risks and natural disasters.

 

·Hurricanes and other adverse climate conditions may result in additional inventory losses and damage to the Company’s facilities and equipment.

 

(12)Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, prepaid expenses and other current assets are as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
         
Advances to suppliers of inventories  $801,390    505,667 
Prepaid expenses of services   184,001    240,706 
Other receivables   112,207    79,999 
Prepaid expenses of insurance and bonds   58,764    42,506 
Total  $1,156,362    868,878 

 

(13)Assets available for sale

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, assets available for sale are as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
         
Buildings  $18,242    18,502 
Land   28,168    30,361 
Other   2,643    2,644 
Total  $49,053    51,507 

 

(14)Property, plant and equipment

 

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, property, plant and equipment are comprised as follows.

 

Cost  Balance as at
January 1,
2013
   Additions   Disposals   Currency
translation
effect
   Balance as at
December 31,
2013
 
Land  $1,056,145    770    (59)   326    1,057,182 
Buildings and construction   9,397,122    153,685    (19,482)   17,521    9,548,846 
Machinery and equipment   9,081,660    462,988    (25,267)   5,114    9,524,495 
Transportation equipment   1,170,321    167,324    (133,483)   164    1,204,326 
Computer equipment   138,172    3,151    (130)   59    141,252 
Furniture   145,669    5,778    (1,760)   54    149,741 
Leasehold improvements   38,841    -    (11,989)   -    26,852 
Construction in progress   562,750    (206,303)   -    -    356,447 
Total  $21,590,680    587,393    (192,170)   23,238    22,009,141 

 

F-56
 

 

Accumulated depreciation  Balance as at
January 1
2013
   Depreciation
for the year
   Disposals   Currency
translation
effect
   Balance as
at December
31, 2013
 
Buildings and construction  $(4,420,885)   (199,952)   15,844    (2,278)   (4,607,271)
Machinery and equipment   (4,223,450)   (515,833)   15,088    (768)   (4,724,963)
Transportation equipment   (773,826)   (86,936)   71,640    (32)   (789,154)
Computer equipment   (121,753)   (5,232)   130    (42)   (126,897)
Furniture   (101,250)   (8,720)   1,570    (7)   (108,407)
Total  $(9,641,164)   (816,673)   104,272    (3,127)   (10,356,692)

 

Cost  Balance as
at January
1, 2012
   Additions   Disposals   Currency
translation
effect
   Balance as at
December 31,
2012
 
Land  $1,034,339    25,722    -    (3,916)   1,056,145 
Buildings and construction   9,362,824    103,998    (1,727)   (67,973)   9,397,122 
Machinery and equipment   8,807,400    415,116    (84,521)   (56,335)   9,081,660 
Transportation equipment   1,264,590    66,565    (159,845)   (989)   1,170,321 
Computer equipment   132,732    6,226    (67)   (719)   138,172 
Furniture   134,789    12,023    (607)   (536)   145,669 
Leasehold improvements   27,856    10,985    -    -    38,841 
Construction in progress   251,625    311,125    -    -    562,750 
Total  $21,016,155    951,760    (246,767)   (130,468)   21,590,680 

 

Accumulated depreciation  Balance as at
January 1,
2012
   Depreciation
for the year
   Disposals   Balance as at
December 31,
2012
 
Buildings and construction  $(4,176,884)   (256,796)   12,795    (4,420,885)
Machinery and equipment   (3,773,081)   (469,250)   18,881    (4,223,450)
Transportation equipment   (747,689)   (93,734)   67,597    (773,826)
Computer equipment   (112,452)   (9,430)   129    (121,753)
Furniture   (93,104)   (8,602)   456    (101,250)
Total  $(8,903,210)   (837,807)   99,858    (9,641,164)

 

Carrying amounts, net  Balance as at
December 31, 2013
   Balance at
December 31, 2012
 
Land  $1,057,182    1,056,145 
Buildings and construction   4,941,575    4,976,237 
Machinery and equipment   4,799,532    4,858,210 
Transportation equipment   415,172    396,495 
Computer equipment   14,355    16,419 
Furniture   41,334    44,419 
Leasehold improvements   26,852    38,841 
Construction in progress   356,447    562,750 
Total  $11,652,449    11,949,516 

 

Depreciation expense during the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 was $816,673, $837,807 and $745,837, respectively, which were charged to cost of sales and operating expenses.

 

F-57
 

 

(15)Goodwill

 

   2013   2012 
           
Balances at beginning of the year  $300,848    300,848 
Business combination additional amounts recognized during the year (Note 4)   42,780    - 
Effect of difference in foreign currency exchange rate   631    - 
Balances at end of year  $344,259    300,848 

 

The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is determined based on a calculation of its value in use, which uses projections of the estimated cash flows based on financial budgets approved by the administration, prevailing for a determined projection period, which are discounted using an annual discount rate.

 

Projections of the cash flows during the budgeted period are based on sales projections which include increases due to inflation, as well as the projection of expected gross margins and operating margins during the budgeted period. Cash flows that exceed such period are extrapolated using an annual stable growth rate, which is the long-term weighted average growth rate for the market in which the cash-generating unit operates.

 

The assumptions and balances of each cash-generating unit are as follows:

 

2013
Cash-generating unit  Final balance
of the year
(thousands of
pesos)
   Projection
period
(years)
   Annual
discount
rate
(%)
   Annual
growth
rate
(%)
 
Bachoco - Istmo and península regions  $212,833    5    10.33%   2.70%
Campi   88,015    5    10.33%   2.10%
Ok Farms- Morris Hatchery Inc.   43,411    5    8.74%   0.00%
   $344,259                

 

2012
Cash-generating unit  Final balance
of the year
(thousands of
pesos
   Projection
period
(years)
   Annual
discount
rate 
(%)
   Annual
growth
 rate 
(%)
 
Bachoco - Istmo and península regions  $212,833    5    9.97%   3.80%
Campi   88,015    5    9.97%   2.50%
   $300,848                

 

F-58
 

 

(16)Other non-current assets

 

Other non-current assets consist of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
         
Advances for purchase of property, plant and equipment  $133,214    131,561 
Investments in life insurance (note 3 (k))   35,754    33,659 
Guarantee deposits   15,956    15,589 
Other long-term receivable   87,927    81,843 
Intangible assets in process   37,955    - 
Other   39,793    39,259 
Total non-current assets  $350,599    301,911 

 

(17)Financial debt

 

Major borrowings are secured by guaranties, according to the terms of the borrowing agreements.

 

Note 8 discloses the carrying amount and fair value of borrowings.

 

a)Short-term financial debt is as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Loan in the amount of USD$20,000, maturing in April 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.84 percentage points.  $-    257,400 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2013, at TIIE (1) plus 0.60 percentage points.   -    200,000 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) less 0.88 percentage points.   -    59,368 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) less 0.89 percentage points.   -    82,628 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in November 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) less 0.70 percentage points.   -    96,000 
Loan of USD$30,000 denominated in USD, maturing in June 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 1.62 points.   -    386,100 
Loan of USD$30,000 denominated in USD, maturing in June 2014, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 1.20 points.   392,700    - 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January, October, December 2014, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) less 0.70 percentage points.   148,500    - 
Total short-term debt  $541,200    1,081,496 

 

F-59
 

 

Annual weighted average interest rate of short-term loans denominated in pesos for 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 3.72%, 4.97% and 5.53%, respectively. Average interest rate for short-term loans existing as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, was 3.10% and 4.68%, respectively.

 

Annual weighted average interest rate of short-term loans denominated in dollars for the years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 1.49%, 1.06% and 0.8702%, respectively. Average interest rate for loans existing as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was 1.37% and 1.38%, respectively.

 

(1) TIIE (for its acronym in Spanish) = Interbank Equilibrium Rate
(2) FIRA (for its acronym in Spanish) = Trust Established in Relation to Agriculture
(3) LIBOR= London Interbank Offered Rate
   

 

b)Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
         
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2013, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.60 percentage points.  $-    37,500 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2015 and 2016, at TIIE (1) plus 1.00 percentage points.   22,329    34,449 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.00 percentage point.   -    14,667 
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2014, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 0.55 percentage points.   4,273    55,546 
Debt securities (subsection (d))   1,500,000    1,500,000 
    1,526,602    1,642,162 
           
Less current maturities   (16,392)   (115,560)
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities  $1,510,210    1,526,602 

 

Long-term annual weighted average interest rate for 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 4.93%, 5.40% and 5.58%, respectively. Average rate for current loans as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 was 4.40% and 5.43%, respectively.

 

(1) TIIE (for its acronym in Spanish) = Interbank Equilibrium Rate

(2) FIRA (for its acronym in Spanish) = Trust Established in Relation to Agriculture

 

During 2013 and 2012, the Company made early payments on its long-term debt of $11,833 and $398,134 respectively, without payment of fees for early termination.

 

As at December 31, 2013 and 2012, total unused lines of credit in pesos totaled $5,418,099 and $2,664,911, respectively. In both fiscal years, the Company did not pay any fee for undrawn balances.

 

F-60
 

 

c)Maturities of long-term debt, excluding current maturities, as of December 31, 2013, are as follows:

 

Year  Amount 
2015  $7,720 
2016   2,490 
2017   1,500,000 
   $1,510,210 

 

Interest expense on total loans during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, amounted to $97,025, $71,005 and $40,688, respectively.

 

Certain bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants, as well as the requirement to maintain certain financial ratios, which have been met as of December 31, 2013, among which are:

 

a)Provide financial information at request from the bank.

 

b)Not to contract liabilities with financial cost or grant loans that may affect payment obligations.

 

c)Notify the bank regarding the existence of legal issues that could substantially affect the financial situation of the Company.

 

d)Not to perform substantial changes to the nature of the business, or the administrative structure.

 

e)Not to merge, consolidate, separate, settle or dissolve except for those mergers in which the Company or surety are the merging company and do not constitutes a change on control of the entities of the group to which the Company or the surety belong, at the date of the agreement.

  

d)Debt for issuing debt securities

 

On August 28, 2012, the Company was authorized to issue debt securities in the total amount of the program of $5,000,000 or the equivalent in UDIS (1), on a revolving basis, for a term of five years from the date of the authorization letter from the Mexican Banking Commission. The initial issuance dated August 31, 2012 was of $1,500,000 pesos with ticker symbol: "BACHOCO 12" for a term of 1,820 days, equivalent to 65 periods of 28 days, approximately five years, with 15,000,000 debt securities and a par value of $100 pesos per certificate.

 

From the date of issuance, and while the debt securities have not been paid, they will accrue annual gross interest on their par value, at an annual interest rate, which is calculated by adding 0.60 percentage points at the 28-day TIIE, and in the event the 28-day TIIE were not published, at the nearest term published by the Bank of Mexico. The common representative of the stock-holders will calculate the accrued interest two business days prior to the beginning of each interest period of 28 days, according to the payment schedule, computed from the date of issuance or at the beginning of each interest period and governed precisely during that interest period.

 

F-61
 

 

Debt securities will be paid at the expiration of the issuance term. Direct costs arising from debt issuance or contract are capitalized and amortized as part of financial expense using the effective interest rate through the expiration of each transaction. Such costs include commissions and professional fees.

 

(1)UDIS = Investment units

 

Derived from the issuance of the Debt securities, the Company is subject to certain requirements, affirmative and negative covenants, with which they comply as of December 31, 2013.

 

(18) Trade accounts and other accounts payable

  

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Trade payables  $2,764,765    2,838,500 
Sundry creditors   205,324    256,132 
Expenses payable   194,159    142,799 
Statutory employee profit sharing   29,140    30,849 
Retained payroll taxes and other local taxes   129,122    110,737 
Direct employee benefits   5,504    10,755 
Current ISR liability   383,511    - 
Interest payable   3,275    883 
Others   44,312    54,590 
   $3,759,112    3,445,245 

 

Note 8 discloses the Company’s exposure to the exchange and liquidity risks related to trade accounts payable and other accounts payable.

 

(19)Transactions and balances with related parties

 

(a)Transactions with management

 

Management payment

 

The following table shows the total payment to our directors and executives for services provided in their respective positions for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, which is included in employee costs (see note 23):

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012   2011 
Net payment  $52,805    39,288    44,472 

 

(b)Transactions with related parties

 

Below is a summary of the Company’s transactions and balances with other related parties:

 

F-62
 

 

i.Revenues

 

   Transaction value 
   December 31, 
   2013   2012   2011 
Sales of products to:               
Vimifos S.A de C.V.  $42,719    38,664    24,314 
Frescopack S.A de C.V   -    20    8 
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V.   -    -    21 
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.   -    50    125 
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.   -    448    500 
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V.   13    29    29 
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.   18    19    28 
   $42,750    39,230    25,025 

 

ii.Expenses and balances payable to related parties

 

   Transaction value   Balance as of 
   December 31,   December 31, 
   2013   2012   2011   2013   2012 
Purchases of food, raw materials and packing supplies                         
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V.  $361,497    467,499    347,062   $21,813    42,855 
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V.   147,192    129,119    119,950    18,151    22,766 
Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V.   13,766    11,844    10,302    -    - 
Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V.   753    44    6    242    - 
Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts                         
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V.  $57,100    62,035    69,205    8,415    8,529 
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.   29,421    27,282    21,640    4,458    4,724 
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V.   22,525    19,815    24,995    253    4,055 
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C,V.   21,967    18,026    23,207    610    5,026 
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V.   23,649    1,647    3,333    5    15 
Agencia MX-5 S.A de C.V.   2,294    397    -    1    - 
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V.   590    568    767    147    69 
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C. V.   -    -    2,135    -    - 
Airplane leasing expenses                         
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.  $7,375    10,137    10,063    -    - 
                  $54,095    88,039 

 

F-63
 

 

As at December 31, 2013 and 2012, balances payable to related parties correspond to current accounts denominated in pesos that bear no interest and are payable in a short-term basis.

 

(20)Income Tax

 

Under the tax legislation in Mexico in effect through December 31, 2013, companies must pay the greater of Income Tax (ISR, by its Spanish acronym) or Flat Income Tax (IETU, by its Spanish acronym). If IETU is payable, the payment will be considered final, not subject to recovery in subsequent years. The Mexican Congress approved tax reforms that were enacted in 2013 but will be in effect beginning January 1, 2014, which include a new ISR Law and the elimination of IETU.

 

a)ISR

 

The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns (including its foreign subsidiary, which files income tax returns in the United States of America, based on its fiscal year ending in April of every year). For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 the applicable rate under the general tax regime in Mexico is 30%; this rate will be applicable in future years as well. The applicable rate for the foreign subsidiary is 38.79%. Until December 31, 2013 BSACV, the Company’s primary operating subsidiary, was subject to ISR under the provisions of a simplified regime, which is applicable to companies engaged exclusively in agriculture, cattle-raising, fishing, forestry and other activities. The ISR Law establishes that the aforementioned activities are exclusive activities when no more than 10% of an entity’s total revenues are generated from something other than those activities or otherwise from the production of processed products. BSACV has complied with such provision. The simplified regime established that the taxable income for ISR is determined over collected income less paid deductions. The tax rate for this regime was 21%.

 

As a result of the new ISR law, which was enacted in 2013 and is effective as of January 1, 2014, the simplified regime was eliminated and is substituted with the an agriculture, cattle-raising, forestry and fishing regime, which is applicable for entities exclusively dedicated to such activities. The ISR Law establishes that such activities are exclusive when no more than 10% of the entities’ total revenues are generated from something other than those activities or from industrialized products. In order to determine ISR, under the agricultural, cattle-raising, forestry and fishing regime, taxable income is calculated by adding collected revenue and subtracting paid deductions; the tax rate will be 21% on annual taxable income up to 10 million pesos, and for taxable income in excess of that amount, the tax rate will be 30%.

 

b)IETU

 

Through December 31, 2013, IETU was calculated applying the rate of 17.5% to profit determined based on cash flows less some authorized tax credits.

 

IETU credits were derived mainly from the unamortized negative IETU basis, taxable salaries for ISR purposes and social security contributions, as well as credits derived from deductions of certain assets such as inventories and property, plant and equipment.

 

IETU was required to be paid when it was greater than ISR for the same fiscal year. To determine the IETU payable, the income tax paid for the same period was subtracted from the current IETU.

 

F-64
 

 

If a negative IETU base was determined because authorized deductions exceeded taxable income, no current IETU was payable. The amount of the negative base multiplied by the IETU rate resulted in an IETU credit, which may be applied against ISR for the same year or, if applicable, against IETU payable in the next ten years. According to the Income Tax Law, crediting IETU against ISR of the same fiscal year was not applicable for fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011.

 

As discussed above, the Mexican Congress eliminated the IETU Law, beginning January 1, 2014.

 

c)Tax charged to profit and loss

 

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the income tax expense (benefit) included in profit and loss is as follows:

 

   December 31 
   2013   2012   2011 
Operation in Mexico:               
Current ISR  $1,227,189    366,417    69,578 
Current IETU   228    -    8 
Deferred ISR   (527,449)   207,079    (100,307)
Deferred ISR from tax rate change   674,810    -    - 
    1,374,778    573,496    (30,721)
Foreign operation:               
Deferred ISR   (24,339)   28,524    (7,895)
Total ISR expense (benefit)  $1,350,439    602,020    (38,616)

 

Total income tax expense (benefit)

 

The income tax expense (benefit) attributable to income before income taxes, was different from the amount computed by applying the ISR rate of 21% in 2013, 2012 and 2011 as a result of the items listed below:

 

F-65
 

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012   2011 
   ISR   Percentage   ISR   Percentage   ISR   Percentage 
                         
Expected expense  $712,371    21%  $586,696    21%  $239,574    21%
Increase (decrease) resulting from:                              
Net effects of inflation   (64,401)   (2%)   (47,627)   (2%)   (67,883)   (6%)
(Non-taxable income) Non-deductible expenses   (9,213)   (0%)   1,740    0%   870    0%
Gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary   -    -    -    -    (219,931)   (19%)
Effect of general regime rate   23,188    1%   61,777    2%   27,021    2%
Effect of recognition of deferred assets not recognized previously   -    -    (453)   (0%)   (18,112)   (1%)
Effect from non-deductible employee benefits   13,872    0%   -    -    -    - 
Effect from change on tax rate in the new ISR Law   674,810    20%   -    -    -    - 
Other   (188)   0%   (113)   (0%)   (155)   0%
Expense (benefit) for income taxes  $1,350,439    39%  $602,020    21%  $(38,616)   (3%)

 

d)Deferred income tax

 

Through December 31, 2012, based on its financial projections, the Company considered it would pay ISR in future years. In addition, as a result of the elimination of IETU in 2014, the Company will only pay ISR in the future and considered this tax as the base for the determination of deferred tax effects.

 

The tax effects of temporary differences and tax credits that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2013 and 2012 are detailed below:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Deferred tax assets        
Accounts payable  $1,352,591    754,765 
Employee benefits   5,110    40,401 
PTU payable   8,857    9,254 
Effect from derivative financial instruments   -    858 
Tax loss carryforwards   90,637    10,043 
Total deferred tax assets   1,457,195    815,321 
Deferred tax liabilities          
Inventories   1,235,848    1,284,699 
Accounts receivable   316,374    221,133 
Property, plant and equipment   2,389,609    1,871,086 
Prepaid expenses   26,412    36,343 
Advances to suppliers   190,143    - 
Total deferred tax liabilities   4,158,386    3,413,261 
Net deferred tax liability  $2,701,191    2,597,940 

 

F-66
 

 

 

 

e)Unrecognized deferred tax assets

 

Deferred tax assets that have not been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Recoverable tax on assets   3,324    3,992 
Total  $3,324    3,992 

 

f)Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities

 

Deferred taxes related to investments in subsidiaries have not been recognized as the Company is able to control the moment of the reversal of the difference, and the reversal is not expected to take place in the near future.

 

g)Movement in temporary differences during the fiscal year

 

   January 1,
2013
   Recognized
in profit
 and loss
   Acquired or/
Recognized
directly in
equity
   December
31, 2013
 
Accounts payable  $(754,765)   (597,826)   -    (1,352,591)
Employee benefits   (40,401)   60,696    (25,405)   (5,110)
PTU payable   (9,254)   397    -    (8,857)
Effects on derivative financial instruments   (858)   858    -    - 
Tax loss carryforwards   (10,043)   (80,594)   -    (90,637)
Inventories   1,284,699    (48,851)   -    1,235,848 
Accounts receivable   221,133    95,241    -    316,374 
Property, plant and equipment   1,871,086    512,889    5,634    2,389,609 
Advanced deductions   36,343    (9,931)   -    26,412 
Advances to suppliers   -    190,143         190,143 
Net deferred tax liability  $2,597,940    123,022    (19,771)   2,701,191 

 

F-67
 

  

   January 1,
2012
   Recognized in
profit and
loss
   Recognized
directly in
equity
   December 31,
2012
 
                 
Accounts payable  $(649,678)   (105,087)   -    (754,765)
Employee benefits   (46,889)   6,488    -    (40,401)
PTU payable   (9,002)   (252)   -    (9,254)
Effects on derivative financial instruments   1,704    (2,562)   -    (858)
Tax loss carryforwards   (96,772)   86,729    -    (10,043)
Inventories   1,056,327    228,372    -    1,284,699 
Accounts receivable   204,213    16,920    -    221,133 
Property, plant and equipment   1,905,590    (11,138)   -    1,894,452 
Currency translation effect   14,404    -    (37,770)   (23,366)
Advanced deductions   20,210    16,133    -    36,343 
Net deferred tax liability  $2,400,107    235,603    (37,770)   2,597,940 

 

h)Tax on assets and tax loss carryforwards-

 

As at December 31, 2013, tax loss carryforwards, and recoverable tax on assets (IMPAC) expires as shown below. Amounts are indexed for inflation as permitted by Mexican income tax law:

 

   Amount as at
   December 31, 2013
Year  Tax loss
carryforwards
   Recoverable
IMPAC
   Year of expiration
2006  $-    3,324   2016
2011   10,153    -   2021/2032
2012   15,678    -   2022
2013   209,835    -   2032/2033
   $235,666    3,324    

 

i)Impacts on the tax reform for changes beginning 2014

 

As discussed above, the Mexican Congress approved a new ISR Law that was enacted in 2013 but will go into effect beginning January 1, 2014. Due to this tax reform, the Company has recognized in its financial statements a charge to 2013 results in the amount of $674,810 of deferred income tax mainly arising from the measurement of deferred assets and liabilities determined based on the new agriculture, cattle-raising, forestry and fishing regime, for the change in the general income tax rate to 30% and for the limitation to the deductible amount of certain employee benefit expenses provisioned.

 

The main income tax impact to the Company is related to the increase from 21% to 30% in the tax rate of BSACV, the Company’s primary operating subsidiary, and to the deductible limitation of 53% of wage expenses that are tax exempt income for workers.

 

F-68
 

 

(21)Employee benefits

 

a)Employee benefits in Mexico

 

Defined contribution plans

 

The Company has a defined contribution plan which receives contributions from both the employees and the Company. Employees can make contributions from 1% to 5% of their wage and the Company is obligated to make contributions as follows: i) from the first to the fifth year of service of 1% of the wage, ii) from the sixth year of services of the employee the contribution of the Company is increased by 1% until it reaches 5%, and iii) for the subsequent years the Company contribution will be the same as the employee’s. When an employee retires from the Company he/she has the right to receive the contribution he/she has made to the plan, and i) if the employee retires between the first and the fourth year of services, he/she does not have the right to receive the contribution made by the Company, ii) if he/she retires on the fifth year of services he/she has the right to receive 50% of the contributions made by the Company and, for each additional service year, the employee has the right to receive an additional 10% of the contributions made by the Company.

 

The Company makes payments equivalent to 2% of the integrated wage of its workers to the defined contribution plan for the retirement saving fund system established by the Mexican law. The expense for this concept was $40,023, $39,681 and $38,699, in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

Defined benefits plan

 

The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non-unionized personnel in Mexico. The benefits are based on the age, years of service and the employee’s payment. The retirement age is 65 years, with a minimum of 10 years of services, and there is an option for an anticipated retirement option, in certain circumstances, at 55 years of age. The Company’s policy to fund the pension plan is to make contributions up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for ISR purposes based on the projected unit credit method.

 

Additionally, according to the Mexican Federal Labor Law, the Company is obligated to pay a seniority premium as a retirement benefit if an employee retires and has at least 15 years of services, which consists of a sole payment of 12 days for each worked year based on the last wage, limited to the two minimal wages established by law.

 

The Company recognizes as a benefit plan, a constructive obligation from past practices. Such constructive obligation is associated with service time the employee has worked on the Company. The payment of this benefit is disbursed in a single installment at the time the employee voluntarily stops working for the Company.

 

The plans in Mexico expose the Company to actuarial risks such as: interest rate risk, longevity risk and salary risk:

 

Interest risk A decrease in the interest rate for the governmental bonds will increase the plan’s liability.

 

F-69
 

 

 

Longevity risk The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and after their employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan’s liability.
   
Salary risk The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. As such, an increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the plan’s liability.

 

The projected net liability presented on the consolidated statements of financial position is integrated as follows:

 

   December 31, 
   2013   2012 
Present value of unfunded obligations  $48,245    121,928 
Present value of funded obligations   312,170    263,250 
Total present value of benefit obligations (PBO)   360,415    385,178 
Plan assets at fair value   (312,170)   (263,250)
Unrecognized actuarial losses   -    (25,315)
Projected liability, net  $48,245    96,613 

 

i.Composition and return of plan assets

 

 

   Actual return of the
plan’s assets
   Composition of the plan’s
assets
 
   2013   2012   2013   2012 
Fixed income securities   5.52%   5.31%   70%   70%
Variable income securities   2.37%   3.44%   30%   30%
Total   7.89%   8.75%   100%   100%

 

ii.Movements in the present value of defined benefit obligations (PBO)

 

   2013   2012 
PBO as at January 1  $385,178    321,270 
Benefits paid by the plan   (19,213)   (31,513)
Service cost   26,680    21,876 
Interest cost   28,138    26,638 
Actuarial (gains) losses recognized in the statement of comprehensive income   (60,368)   46,907 
PBO as at December 31  $360,415    385,178 

 

F-70
 

 

 

iii.Movements in the fair value of plan assets

 

   2013   2012 
Plan assets at fair value as at January 1  $263,250    250,856 
Plan contributions   36,626    15,125 
Benefits paid by the plan   (8,482)   (19,877)
Expected return on plan assets   20,087    24,522 
Actuarial losses (gains) in the statement of comprehensive income   689    (7,376)
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31  $312,170    263,250 

 

iv.Expense recognized in profit and loss

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Current service cost  $26,680    21,876    26,620 
Interest cost, net   8,051    -    - 
Interest cost on obligation   -    26,638    24,496 
Curtailment gain   -    (657)   - 
Prior service cost   -    -    20,937 
Actual return on plan assets   -    (24,522)   (25,815)
   $34,731    23,335    46,238 

 

v.Actuarial gains and losses

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Amount accumulated as at 1 January  $(25,315)   29,624    - 
Recognized during the year   (61,057)   (54,939)   29,624 
Amount accumulated as at 31 December  $(86,372)   (25,315)   29,624 

 

vi.Actuarial assumptions

 

Primary actuarial assumptions at the consolidated financial statements date (expressed as weighted averages) are as follows.

 

   2013   2012 
Discount rate as at 31 December   8.50%   7.50%
Expected return on plan assets at 1 January   N/A    7.50%
Future salary increases   4.50%   4.50%
Future pension increases   4.25%   4.25%

 

The assumptions related to mortality are based on statistics and experiences over the Mexican population. The average expected life of an individual that retires at 65 years of age is 10.85 years for men and 6.72 years for women (Experience Chart of Demographic Mortality for Active EMSSA 1997).

 

F-71
 

 

vii.Historical information

 

   December 31,_ 
   2013   2012 
Present value of defined benefit obligation  $360,415    385,178 
Plan assets at fair value   (312,170)   (263,250)
Plan deficit  $48,245    121,928 
Experience adjustments arising from plan liabilities  $(60,368)   46,907 
Experience adjustments arising from plan assets  $(689)   7,376 

 

viii.Sensitivity analysis of the defined benefits obligations as of December 31, 2013

 

   Pension
plan
   Seniority
premium
   Constructive
obligation
   Total
PBO
 
Discount rate 8.50%   (225,650)   (86,880)   (47,885)   (360,415)
Rate increase (+ 1%)   (186,196)   (79,508)   (44,936)   (310,640)
Rate decrease (- 1%)   (277,487)   (92,373)   (51,223)   (421,083)

 

ix.Expected cash flow for each benefit

 

   Pension
plan
   Seniority
premium
   Constructive
obligation
   Total 
2014-2023  $225,650    86,880    47,885    360,415 

 

x.Future contributions to the defined benefits plan

 

The Company does not expect to make contributions to the defined benefit plans on the following financial year.

 

b)Foreign employee benefits

 

Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) has a defined contribution retirement plan of 401(k), covering all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s payment. The cumulative contribution expense for this plan was $5,681, $4,131 and $471 for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

Bachoco USA, LLC. Also has a deferred payment agreement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan are vested after 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in the initial book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 38,500 units were outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, all of which were fully vested. The total liability under this plan totaled $3,503 and $3,449 as at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The expense for this plan for the year ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 211 was of $0, $9,319, and $0, respectively.

 

F-72
 

 

c)PTU

 

Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. and BSACV have no employees. Each of the subsidiaries of the Company that has employees in Mexico is required under Mexican laws to pay employees, in addition to their payment and benefits, statutory employee profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of each subsidiary’s taxable income. The accrued liability as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 is shown in note 18, Trade payable and other accounts payable.

 

(22)Costs and expenses by nature

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Cost of sales  $33,176,599    33,318,207    24,797,037 
General, selling and administrative expenses   3,291,006    3,396,655    2,974,733 
Total costs and expenses  $36,467,605    36,714,862    27,771,770 
                
Leases  $286,022    290,066    188,244 
Inventory consumption   26,041,102    26,452,636    18,033,819 
Depreciation   816,673    837,807    745,837 
Freight   2,495,673    2,412,771    1,995,055 
Maintenance   1,028,511    1,037,982    1,152,297 
Other   1,651,700    1,641,126    1,731,140 
Other utility expenses   1,119,094    1,120,314    1,022,305 
Wages and salaries   3,028,830    2,922,160    2,903,073 
Total  $36,467,605    36,714,862    27,771,770 

 

(23)Employee costs

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Wages and salaries  $3,028,830    2,922,160    2,903,073 
Contributions to pension fund   36,625    15,125    15,100 
Expenses related to defined benefit plans   12,885    4,481    28,223 
Payments for severance expenses   31,518    40,040    48,534 
   $3,109,858    2,981,806    2,994,930 

 

The employee cost is presented in cost of sales and general administrative and sale expenses line items.

 

(24)Operating leases

 

Company as lessee

 

The Company has entered into operating leases for certain offices, production facilities, and automotive and computer equipment. Some leases contain renewal options. These agreements have terms between one and five years.

 

F-73
 

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Lease expenses  $286,022    290,066    188,244 

 

The amount of annual rentals payable, arising from lease agreements for the following five years is as follows:

 

2014  $58,109 
2015   40,480 
2016   38,053 
2017   36,174 
2018   21,928 

 

(25)Stockholders’ equity and reserves

 

a)Common stock and premiums

 

As of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 Series “B” registered shares with a par value of $1 peso per share.

 

The Robinson Bours family owned 496,500,000 shares through two family trusts: the placement trust and the control trust, which collectively represented 82.75% of the Company’s total shares.

 

On December 9, 2013, the members of the placement trust decided to sell 57,000,000 shares that represent 9.5% of the total shares of the Company. The transaction was conducted through the BMV at market price.

 

After the sale of the shares, the Company’s capital stock was distributed as follows:

 

   Before the Transaction   After the Transaction 
   Shares(1)   Position   Shares(1)   Position 
Familiar Trusts   496,500,000    82.75%   439,500,000    73.25%
-   Control Trust   312,000,000    52.00%   312,000,000    52.00%
-   Placement Trust   184,500,000    30.75%   127,500,000    21.25%
Floating Position (2)   103,500,000    17.25%   160,500,000    26.75%

 

(1)All Series B shares with voting power.
(2)Operating at the BMV and the NYSE.

 

Based on the information provided to the Company, as of December 31, 2013, stockholders with 1% or more interest in the Company, in addition to the family trusts, are as follows:

 

   As of December 31, 2013 
   Shares   Position 
Royce & Associates LLC   17,885,652    3.0%
River Road Asset Management LLC   6,777,060    1.1%

 

F-74
 

 

b)Other comprehensive income items

 

i.Foreign currency translation reserve

 

This concept is related to the translation of the Company’s United States of America operations from their functional currency (U.S. dollar) to the reporting currency, the Mexican peso.

 

ii.Actuarial remeasurements

 

Actuarial remeasurements are recognized as other components of comprehensive income and are related to variations in actuarial assumptions that generate actuarial gains or losses as well as adjust the actual yields from plan assets from the net interest cost calculated over the net defined benefits liability balance. Actuarial remeasurements are presented net of income tax within other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity.

 

c)Reserve for repurchase of shares

 

In 1998, the Company approved a stock repurchase plan in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act and created a reserve for that purpose of $180,000 charged to retained earnings in such year.

 

Pursuant to a resolution at the General Ordinary Stockholders’ Meeting, an amount of $391,560 was approved to be used in the reserve for acquisition own shares.

 

The following table shows the movements of the reserve for acquisition of shares during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011:

 

Reconciliation of treasury shares  Number of
shares
 
Total shares as at December 31, 2012   - 
(+) Total shares purchased in 2013   100,000 
(-) Total shares sold in 2013   (100,000)
Balance as at December 31, 2013   - 
Total shares as at December 31, 2011   227,400 
(+) Total shares purchased in 2012   3,704,731 
(-) Total shares sold in 2012   (3,932,131)
Balance as at December 31, 2012   - 
Total shares at January 1, 2011   200,000 
(+)Total shares purchased in 2011   257,400 
(-)Total shares sold in 2011   (230,000)
Balance as at December 31, 2011   227,400 

 

The net amount of repurchase and treasury share sale transactions gave rise to a gain of $127 and $10,993 during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and a loss of $209 as at December 31, 2011, recognized within equity.

 

As at December 31, 2013, the Company has no treasury shares.

 

F-75
 

 

d)Dividends

 

During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company has declared and paid the following dividends:

 

In 2013, the Company declared dividends on April and December as follows:

 

·On April 24th, the Company declared a payment of dividends in cash at nominal value of $350,400 or $0.584 pesos per outstanding share. The payment was made in two even installments of $0.292 pesos in May and July, 2013.

 

·On December 6th, the Company declared a second payment of dividends in cash in the amount at nominal value of $600,000 or $1.00 peso per outstanding share, which was paid on December 23, 2013.

 

In 2012 and 2011 the Company declared and paid dividends to its shareholders for a nominal value amount of $299,175 and $299,926 respectively, or $0.50 per outstanding share in nominal pesos.

 

Dividends that the Company pays to stockholders are subject to ISR solely insofar as such dividends exceed the balance in its net tax income account (CUFIN) consisting of income in which ISR is already paid by the Company. The ISR paid on dividends corresponds to a tax payable by legal entities and not by individuals. However, as a result of changes to the income tax law described in note 20a, beginning on January 1, 2014 there is a new tax of 10% for individuals who receive dividends from entities. Such tax is considered a withholding tax by the entity that pays the dividends. This tax will be applicable only to the income generated from period 2014. Thus, the Company must update its CUFIN from income generated up to December 31, 2013 and must calculate a new CUFIN with the income generated from January 1, 2014.

 

The Company obtains most of its revenue and net income from BSACV. For fiscal years 2013, 2012 and 2011, net income of BSACV, accounted for 71%, 79% and 86% respectively, of consolidated net income. Dividends for which BSACV pays ISR will be credited to the Company’s CUFIN account, and accordingly, any future liabilities arising from ISR will arise when such amounts are distributed as dividends by the Company to the stockholders.

 

The restated amount on tax bases of the contributions made by stockholders (CUCA), totaling $2,416,635, may be refunded to them tax-free, to the extent that such amount is the same or higher than equity.

 

(26)Earnings per share

 

Earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are $3.40, $3.65 and $1.96, respectively. The calculation of basic earnings per share was based on income attributable to ordinary stockholders of $2,038,422, $2,184,567 and $1,177,346 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

 

The average weighted number of common outstanding in 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 599,992,952, 598,959,882 and 599,822,448 shares, respectively.

 

F-76
 

 

The Company has no ordinary shares with potential dilutive effects.

 

(27)Commitments

 

·Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary) has self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ payments. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to $4,582 (350 thousand dollars) each year per plan participant and workers’ payments claims up to $13,090 (1,000 thousand dollars) per event. Self-insurance costs are recorded based on the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The provision for this concept is recorded in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities amounting to $48,472 (3,703 thousand dollars) as at December 31, 2013. Likewise, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of $85,006 (6,494 thousand dollars) for the year ended December 31, 2013. The Company is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of $44,506 (3,400 thousand dollars) to secure self-insured workers' payments.

 

·The Company has entered into grain supply agreements with third parties as part of the regular course of its operations.

 

(28)Contingencies

 

a)Insurance

 

The Company has not contracted full coverage insurance for its facilities, interruption of activities or corporate civil liability in respect of property and environmental damage resulting from accidents in the Company’s property or that relate to Company operations. Until appropriate insurance coverage is obtained, there is a risk that the loss or destruction of certain assets may have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial situation.

 

b)Lawsuits

 

·The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising from the regular course of business. In the opinion of the Company’s management, they are not expected to have significant effects on the Company’s financial position, operating results and future consolidated statements of cash flows.

 

·Bachoco USA, LLC. is involved in claims with the United States of America Department of Labor and the Unites State Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters related to its business, including workers’ payment claims and environmental issues. As at December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company has recorded provisions for potential claims of $19,635 (1,500 thousand dollars) and $25,740 (2,000 thousand dollars), which are included within current liabilities.

 

·On December 2009, the Mexican Federal Competition Agency (CFC, for its Spanish acronym) released a news report in which it announced an investigation on the Mexican poultry industry in reference to possible monopolistic practices. The accusation was not referenced to a specific entity. The Company, as well as other producers and distributors, was required to provide information to the CFC during the subsequent years. As a result the CFC determined the following:

 

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- On November 2012, the CFC imposed a fine of $1.4 million pesos to Bachoco, arguing Bachoco conspired with local producers to manipulate the chicken price in Chetumal, Quintana Roo. Price manipulation is a prohibited practice under Mexican law.

 

- On January 2013, the CFC released a new announcement with a new fine of $1.6 million pesos, arguing Bachoco conspired with local producers to manipulate the chicken price in Cancún, Quintana Roo.

 

In all cases, the Company disagreed with the CFC’s resolution and appealed all of the resolutions according to the provisions of Mexican law, to assert its rights as a company that contributes to the development of the country and to a free market. The Company and its attorneys do not believe that it is probable that it will receive an unfavorable outcome for which reason it has not provisioned any amounts.

 

c)Tax contingencies

 

In accordance with tax laws, Mexican authorities are empowered to review transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent ISR return filed. For the operations in the United States of America, the authorities of that country are empowered to review transactions carried out during the three years prior to the due date of the most recent annual tax return. Although the Company is under review by tax authorities, nothing has come to its attention as a result of those reviews that would indicate that a contingency exists.

 

(29)Financial income and costs

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Interest income  $298,141    209,170    182,274 
Income from interest in accounts receivable   16,104    12,893    11,503 
Foreign exchange gain, net   28,085    35,212    54,505 
Effects of valuation of financial instruments   2,455    12,757    - 
Financial income   344,785    270,032    248,282 
Effects of valuation of financial instruments   -    -    (896)
Interest expense and financial expenses on financial debt   (97,025)   (71,005)   (40,688)
Commissions and other financial expenses   (129,341)   (33,995)   (29,056)
Financial costs   (226,366)   (105,000)   (70,640)
                
Financial income, net  $118,419    165,032    177,642 

 

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(30)Other income (expenses)

 

   2013   2012   2011 
Other income               
Sale of scrap of biological assets, raw materials, by-products and other  $332,623    271,385    202,780 
Bargain purchase gain - domestic business acquisition (note 4b)   -    -    46,724 
Bargain purchase gain - foreign business acquisition (note 4a)   -    -    1,000,565 
Total other income   332,623    271,385    1,250,069 
Other expenses               
Cost of disposal of biological assets, raw materials, by-products and other   (244,054)   (257,182)   (193,707)
Business acquisition-related costs (note 4a)   -    -    (11,426)
Other   (57,865)   (38,013)   (44,971)
Total other expenses   (301,919)   (295,195)   (250,104)
Total other income (expenses), net  $30,704    (23,810)   999,965 

 

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