UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
¨ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR
¨ | SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Date of event requiring this shell company report ____________
For the transition period from ____________ to ___________
Commission File Number: 333-7480
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Bachoco Industries
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
The United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation
or organization)
Avenida Tecnologico No. 401
Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010
Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.
(Address of principal executive offices)
Daniel Salazar Ferrer
Avenida Tecnologico No. 401
Ciudad Industrial C.P. 38010
Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
Telephone: (+011-52-461-618-3555)
Facsimile: (+011-52-461-611-6502)
Email: inversionistas@bachoco.net
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name
of each exchange on which registered | |
American Depositary Shares, each representing twelve Series B Shares. |
New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting
obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding Shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Series B Capital Stock: 600,000,000 Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ¨ No x
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes x No ¨
Note: Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ | Accelerated filer x | Non-accelerated filer ¨ |
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ¨ | International Financial Reporting | Other ¨ |
Standards as issued by the International | ||
Accounting Standards Board x |
If “Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statements item the registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No x
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 23 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by the court.
Yes ¨ No ¨
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
PART I | 7 | |
ITEM 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers | 7 |
ITEM 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable | 7 |
ITEM 3. | Key Information | 7 |
A. | Selected Financial Data | 7 |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness | 10 |
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds | 10 |
D. | Risk Factors | 10 |
ITEM 4. | Information on the Company | 15 |
A. | History and Development of the Company | 15 |
B. | Business Overview | 17 |
C. | Organizational Structure | 26 |
D. | Property, Plant and Equipment | 27 |
ITEM 4.A. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 29 |
ITEM 5. | Operating and Financial Review and Prospects | 29 |
A. | Operating Results | 30 |
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources | 38 |
C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. | 41 |
D. | Trend Information | 41 |
E. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | 41 |
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations | 41 |
G. | Safe Harbor | 42 |
ITEM 6. | Directors, Senior Management and Employees | 42 |
A. | Directors and Senior Management | 42 |
B. | Compensation | 47 |
C. | Board Practices | 47 |
D. | Employees | 49 |
E. | Share Ownership | 49 |
ITEM 7. | Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions | 49 |
A. | Major Shareholders | 50 |
B. | Related Party Transactions | 50 |
C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel | 51 |
ITEM 8. | Financial Information | 52 |
A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information | 52 |
B. | Significant Changes | 53 |
ITEM 9. | The Offer and Listing | 53 |
A. | Offer and Listing Details | 53 |
B. | Plan of Distribution | 55 |
C. | Markets | 55 |
D. | Selling Shareholders | 56 |
E. | Dilution | 56 |
F. | Expenses of the Issue | 56 |
ITEM 10. | Additional Information | 56 |
A. | Share Capital | 56 |
B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association | 56 |
C. | Material Contracts | 65 |
D. | Exchange Controls | 65 |
E. | Taxation | 65 |
F. | Dividends and Paying Agents | 72 |
G. | Statement by Experts | 72 |
H. | Documents on Display | 72 |
I. | Subsidiary Information | 73 |
ii |
ITEM 11. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 73 |
ITEM 12. | Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities | 74 |
A. | Debt Securities | 74 |
B. | Warrants and Rights | 74 |
C. | Other Securities | 74 |
D. | American Depository Receipts | 75 |
PART II | 76 | |
ITEM 13. | Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies | 76 |
ITEM 14. | Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds | 76 |
ITEM 15. | Controls and Procedures | 77 |
ITEM 16. | [Reserved] | 79 |
ITEM 16.A. | Audit Committee Financial Expert | 79 |
ITEM 16.B. | Code of Ethics | 79 |
ITEM 16.C. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 79 |
ITEM 16.D. | Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees | 80 |
ITEM 16.E. | Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers | 80 |
ITEM 16.F. | Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant | 81 |
ITEM 16.G. | Corporate Governance | 81 |
ITEM 16.H. | mine safety disclosure | 86 |
PART III | 86 | |
ITEM 17. | Financial Statements | 86 |
ITEM 18. | Financial Statements | 86 |
ITEM 19. | Exhibits | 86 |
Index of Exhibits | 86 |
iii |
Introduction
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our two main subsidiaries are Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”), located in Mexico, and Bachoco USA, LLC, located in the United States (or U.S.). Bachoco USA, LLC is a subsidiary we formed on March 2, 2012 to serve as the holding company for O.K. Industries, Inc., the American poultry company we acquired in November 2011.
References herein to “Bachoco,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “its” or the “Company” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.
Additionally, references herein to “OK Industries” or “OK Foods” are, unless the context requires otherwise, to Bachoco, USA LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole.
We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States (“Mexico”), but we have operations in both Mexico and the United States. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone number is +52 (461) 618 3555.
Presentation of Information
Currency
Except as otherwise indicated, all data in the financial statements included below in Item 18 (which together with the attached notes constitute our “Audited Consolidated Financial Statements”) and the selected financial information included throughout this Form 20-F (this “Annual Report”) have been presented in millions of nominal pesos unless otherwise indicated. References herein to “pesos” or “Ps.” are to the lawful currency of Mexico.
References herein to “dollars”, “U.S. dollars”, “U.S.$” or “$” are to the lawful currency of the United States of America, except that "$" is also used for pesos in the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
This Annual Report contains translations of certain peso amounts into dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise indicated, such dollar amounts have been translated from pesos at an exchange rate of Ps 12.87 to $1.00 dollar, the exchange rate on December 31, 2012, according to the Banco de Mexico (or the “Central Bank”).
Accounting Practices
In January 2009, the Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores (Mexican Banking and Securities Commission or “CNBV”) published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”), effective as of January 1, 2012.
Following these amendments, on January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements. At the same time, our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of Janua ry 1, 2011, were converted from Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) to IFRS to make them comparable to our financial statements for fiscal year 2012.
4 |
Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB.
Bachoco prepared its opening statement of financial position under IFRS as of January 1, 2011, following the guidance set forth by IFRS 1, First time adoption (“IFRS 1”). The options selected by Bachoco in the migration to IFRS and the effects on its opening statement of financial position as of January 1, 2011, according to IFRS 1, as well as the effects on its statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, and its statements of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011, as compared to Bachoco’s previously reported amounts under MFRS, are described in note 33 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
The rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as published by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to U.S. GAAP. As such, while Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the SEC.
Other References
Bachoco’s production volume is measured in “tons”, which term refers to metric tons of 1,000 kilograms, equal to 2,204.6 pounds; the term “billion” refers to one thousand million (1,000,000,000).
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The body of generally accepted accounting principles is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” For this purpose, a non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a numerical measure of a company’s historical or financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of excluding amounts, that are included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP in the statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the company; or includes amounts, or is subject to adjustments that have the effect of including amounts, that are excluded from the most directly comparable measure so calculated and presented.
The Company discloses in this Annual Report the so-called non-GAAP financial measures, EBITDA result, Adjusted EBITDA result, EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Net debt. EBITDA result is defined as profit before income tax expense (benefit), comprehensive financial income (expense), net and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA result is defined as profit before income tax expense (benefit), comprehensive financial income (expense), net, depreciation and amortization and other expense (income), net. EBITDA margin is defined as EBITDA result divided by total net revenues. Adjusted EBITDA margin is defined as Adjusted EBITDA result divided by total net revenues. Net debt is defined as long-term debt (including the current portion) minus cash and cash equivalents. The non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA result, Adjusted EBITDA result, EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBITDA margin are not a substitute for the GAAP measure of net income. Rather, these measures are provided as additional information to complement the GAAP measure of net income by providing further understanding of the Company’s results of operations from management’s perspective. Additionally, the non-GAAP financial measure of Net debt is not a substitute for the GAAP measure of Total debt. Rather, this measure is provided as additional information to contemplate the GAAP measure of Total debt by providing further understanding of the Company’s debt obligations. Accordingly, they should not be considered in isolation nor as a substitute for an analysis of the Company’s financial performance, liquidity or debt obligations.
5 |
Company management believes that disclosure of these non-GAAP measures are an important supplemental measure of the Company’s operating performance and debt obligations because investors, financial analysts and other interested parties frequently use EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA and Net debt in the evaluation of other companies in the same industry in which the Company operates.
Market Data
This Annual Report contains certain statistical information regarding the Mexican chicken, egg and balanced feed (or “feed”) markets. We have obtained this information from a variety of sources, including but not limited to; Union Nacional de Avicultores (the National Poultry Union or “UNA”), the Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimentos Balanceados y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or “CONAFAB”), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), and the Banco the Mexico, among others.
Other sources of statistical information used by the Company include Consejo Mexicano de Porcicultura (the Mexican Pork Council or “CMP”), Secretaria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentos (“Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fishing and Food” or “SAGARPA”), among others.
The producers’ associations rely principally on data provided by their members. Information for which no source is cited was prepared by us on the basis of our knowledge of the Mexican chicken, egg, feed, turkey and swine markets and the wide variety of information available regarding these markets. The methodology and terminology used by different sources are not always consistent, and data from different sources are not readily comparable.
Forward-looking Statements
We may from time to time make written or oral forward-looking statements in our periodic reports to the SEC on Forms 20-F and 6-K, in our annual report to stockholders, in offering circulars and prospectuses, in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by one of our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others.
Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, income (or loss), earnings (or loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios; (ii) statements of our plans, objectives or goals or those of our management, including those relating to new contracts; (iii) statements about future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “target,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “forecast,” “guideline,” “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
6 |
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, and a number of unexpected changes could cause actual results to deviate from our plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions. We recognize that the accuracy of our predictions and our ability to follow through on our intentions depend on factors beyond our control. The potential risks are many and varied, but include unexpected changes in: economic, weather and political conditions; raw material prices; competitive conditions; and demand for chicken, eggs, turkey, balanced feed, beef and swine.
PART I
ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
ITEM 3. Key Information
A. | Selected Financial Data |
The financial information set forth below is derived from our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included in Item 18. We provide details on the figures and year-to-year changes in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
The tables below present our key financial information for the fiscal years indicated. Except as otherwise indicated, the amounts are presented in millions of nominal pesos, except per share amounts, which are presented in pesos in accordance with IFRS.
INCOME STATEMENT DATA | ||||||||||||
In millions of pesos | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | In millions of U.S. dollars 2012 | ||||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 27,735.0 | Ps. | 39,367.4 | $ | 3,058.8 | ||||||
Cost of sales | 24,797.0 | 33,318.2 | 2,588.8 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 2,938.0 | 6,049.2 | 470.0 | |||||||||
General, selling and administrative expenses | 2,974.7 | 3,396.7 | 263.9 | |||||||||
Other income (expenses), net | 1,000.0 | (23.8 | ) | (1.9 | ) | |||||||
Operating income | 963.2 | 2,628.8 | 204.3 | |||||||||
Net finance income | 177.6 | 165.0 | 12.8 | |||||||||
Income tax | (38.6 | ) | 602.0 | 46.8 | ||||||||
Controlling interest | 1,177.3 | 2,184.6 | 155.3 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 2.1 | 7.2 | 0.6 | |||||||||
Profit for the year | 1,179.4 | 2,191.8 | 170.3 | |||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share(1) | 1.96 | 3.65 | 0.28 | |||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per ADR(2) | 23.52 | 43.80 | 3.40 | |||||||||
Dividends per Share(3) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.04 | |||||||||
Weighted average Shares outstanding (thousands) | 599,822 | 598,960 | 598,960 |
(1) | Net income per basic and diluted share has been computed based on the weighted average number of basic and diluted shares. |
(2) | Each ADR represents twelve shares. |
(3) | Dividends per share have been computed by dividing the total amount of dividends paid by the weighted average shares outstanding. |
7 |
MARGINS | As of December 31, | |||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Gross margin | 10.6 | % | 15.4 | % | ||||
Operating margin | 3.5 | % | 6.7 | % | ||||
Margin for the year | 4.3 | % | 5.6 | % |
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA | ||||||||||||||||
In millions of pesos | As of January 1, | As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | In millions of U.S. dollars 2012 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | Ps. | 21,197.8 | Ps. | 24,717.3 | Ps. | 28,040.2 | $ | 2,178.7 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 3,967.9 | 2,625.7 | 4,179.5 | 324.7 | ||||||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 209.3 | 410.7 | 962.0 | 74.7 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities | Ps. | 4,767.8 | Ps. | 7,337.5 | Ps. | 8,951.5 | $ | 695.5 | ||||||||
Short-term debt(1) | 139.9 | 1,453.0 | 1,197.1 | 93.0 | ||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 507.1 | 384.4 | 1,526.6 | 118.6 | ||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ equity | Ps. | 16,430.0 | Ps. | 17,379.8 | Ps. | 19,088.7 | $ | 1,483.2 | ||||||||
Capital Stock | 1,174.4 | 1,174.4 | 1,174.4 | 91.3 |
(1) | Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt. |
Other Indicators
The tables set below present key indicators for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2008 to 2012.
VOLUME SOLD BY BUSINESS LINE | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Sales volume (thousands of tons): | 1,411.2 | 1,418.4 | 1,473.3 | 1,606.3 | 1,861.6 | |||||||||||||||
Chicken | 878.1 | 918.1 | 983.9 | 1,072.7 | 1,341.7 | |||||||||||||||
Eggs | 143.6 | 143.4 | 141.9 | 133.2 | 143.5 | |||||||||||||||
Balanced feed | 370.7 | 337.9 | 327.5 | 378.8 | 351.4 | |||||||||||||||
Other business lines | 18.8 | 19.0 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 25.0 |
TOTAL EMPLOYEES | ||||||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Total employees: | 23,248 | 24,065 | 23,473 | 25,326 | 25,272 | |||||||||||||||
In Mexico | 23,248 | 24,065 | 23,473 | 22,473 | 22,048 | |||||||||||||||
In the U.S. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,853 | 3,224 |
Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate and CETES
The chart below includes Mexican gross domestic product (“GDP”) and Inflation Rate data from 2008 to 2012, and the average interest rates on 28-day Mexican treasury bills (“CETES”), as provided by the Central Bank.
GDP, INFLATION RATE AND CETES DATA | ||||||||||||
Year | GDP | Inflation Rate | CETES | |||||||||
2008 | 1.3 | % | 6.50 | % | 7.6 | % | ||||||
2009 | (6.5 | )% | 3.57 | % | 5.4 | % | ||||||
2010 | 5.5 | % | 4.40 | % | 4.4 | % | ||||||
2011 | 3.9 | % | 3.82 | % | 4.3 | % | ||||||
2012 | 3.9 | % | 3.57 | % | 3.9 | % |
8 |
On April 17, 2013, the 28 day CETES rate was 3.81%.
Exchange Rates
In 2008, the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar was highly volatile. While during the first half of the year, the Mexican peso strengthened its position with respect to the U.S. dollar, the Mexican peso experienced a steep depreciation during the second half of the year and the peso-dollar exchange rate at year-end had depreciated by 21.0% with respect to December 31, 2007.
During 2009, although the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate depreciated during the first half of 2009, the peso stabilized and strengthened its position in the second half of 2009, leading the Mexican peso-dollar exchange rate to appreciate 5.4% in 2009 with respect to the exchange rate in effect on December 31, 2008.
In 2010, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the dollar, appreciating approximately 5.3% since the end of 2009, while the inflation rate for 2010 was 4.40%.
During the first half of 2011, the exchange rate of the peso to the dollar was stable, showed an average rate of Ps.11.89 per one dollar. This stability changed drastically during the second half of the year, were we observed a higher average rate peso-dollar of Ps.12.97, with a final depreciation of 13.0% by the end of the year with respect to year-end of 2010.
In 2012, the Mexican peso strengthened its position during the year as compared to the U.S. dollar, according to the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, with the average peso-dollar exchange rate being Ps. 13.15 and appreciated with respect to the U.S. dollar by 7.1% at year-end (or 7.9% according with Banco de Mexico’ statistics).
The following table sets forth the high, low, average and year-end exchange rates for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, for periods indicated:
EXCHANGE RATE | ||||||||||||||||
Yearly (last 5 years) | High | Low | Average (1) | Year-end | ||||||||||||
2008 | Ps. | 13.94 | Ps. | 9.92 | Ps. | 11.14 | Ps. | 13.83 | ||||||||
2009 | 15.41 | 12.63 | 13.50 | 13.08 | ||||||||||||
2010 | 13.19 | 12.16 | 12.62 | 12.38 | ||||||||||||
2011 | 14.25 | 11.51 | 12.43 | 13.95 | ||||||||||||
2012 | 14.37 | 12.63 | 13.15 | 12.96 | (2) | |||||||||||
Monthly (last 6 months) | High | Low | Average (1) | Year-end | ||||||||||||
October 2012 | Ps. | 13.09 | Ps. | 12.71 | Ps. | 12.90 | Ps. | 13.09 | ||||||||
November 2012 | 13.25 | 12.92 | 13.06 | 12.92 | ||||||||||||
December 2012 | 13.01 | 12.72 | 12.87 | 12.96 | (2) | |||||||||||
January 2013 | 12.79 | 12.59 | 12.70 | 12.73 | ||||||||||||
February 2013 | 12.88 | 12.63 | 12.72 | 12.78 | ||||||||||||
March 2013 | 12.80 | 12.32 | 12.50 | 12.32 |
(1) | Average of month-end rates for each period shown. |
(2) | The exchange rate for the year end for the Banco de Mexico was Ps.12.87 per one dollar. |
On April 17, 2013, the exchange rate for cable transfers in pesos as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York was Ps. 12.23 per $1.00 dollar.
9 |
B. | Capitalization and Indebtedness |
Not applicable
C. | Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds |
Not Applicable
D. | Risk Factors |
The Company is exposed to a wide range of risks. Note that the order in which the below risks are described does not necessarily reflect the effect that any of the below risks would have on the Company.
Risks Related to Economic, Political and Regulatory Conditions
Bachoco’s core businesses are performed in Mexico and in the United States; therefore its performance depends among other factors, on the economic conditions prevailing in those countries, and particularly in Mexico. The Company's risk exposure related to economic conditions includes risks related to economic performance, exchange rates, interest rates, as well as other political, economic and social events that may negatively affect the Company's performance.
Unfavorable economic conditions in Mexico or the United States, such as a recession or increases in interest and inflation rates could have an adverse effect on our financial performance.
If the Mexican or U.S. economies experience a high inflation rate, recession or economic slowdown, consumers may not be able to purchase our products as usual, especially in Mexico, where these factors have a direct impact on the consumers, and as a consequence our earnings may be adversely affected.
High interest rates in Mexico or in the U.S. could adversely affect our costs and our earnings due to the impact those changes have on our variable-rate debt instruments and may benefit from the interest we earn on our cash balance.
A strong variation in the exchange rates between the peso and dollar could negatively affect our financial results, as a greater percentage of our sales are made in pesos, and a large percentage of our raw material purchases are made in dollars.
Furthermore, the Company could be adversely affected by negative economic conditions prevalent in the U.S. or other countries, even when economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, as investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on our Securities. Consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events taking place outside of Mexico or the U.S.
Political events and regulatory changes in México, including transition to a new presidential administration, could affect Mexican economic conditions and as a consequence, negatively affect our operations.
10 |
The Company has operations in both Mexico and the U.S., but is incorporated under the laws of Mexico, and a greater percentage of our sales are made in Mexico. Accordingly we foresee an impact mainly from negative developments in the political, regulatory and economic conditions in Mexico.
In July 2012, we had presidential elections, and as a result, the leadership party of Mexico changed. We cannot predict any impact of the election results on future business conditions in Mexico. A new administration may result in regulatory gridlock or on the contrary, it could result in a major regulatory change, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.
Although the recent U.S. presidential election did not result in a change of the nations' leadership, any political or regulatory change in the U.S. regarding Mexico, may also affect the economic conditions in Mexico and, as a consequence, affect our financial performance.
Government regulations in Mexico and the U.S. could cause a material increase in the Company's costs of operations and thus could have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Every region that Bachoco operates is subject to extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations that govern the production, packaging, storage, moving and marketing in the food industry and the poultry industry in particular, including several provisions relating to the discharge of materials into the environment.
We may be subject to fines, closures of our facilities, asset seizures, injunctions or criminal sanctions if we are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be non-compliant with any of the applicable laws and regulations.
The adoption of new regulations or changes in the prevailing regulatory environment governing the food industry may entail restrictions in the daily operation of our Company, or increases in our expenses or production costs, conditions that could negatively affect our financial results.
Additionally, the imposition of new taxes or changes in the existing tax rates in Mexico or the U.S. could have an adverse impact on our operations and, as a result, negatively affect our financial results.
Risks Related to Bachoco and the Poultry Industry
The poultry industry in Mexico and the U.S., as well as the chicken industry in other countries has undergone cyclical periods of higher prices and profitability, followed by overproduction, leading to periods of lower prices and profitability.
The market that we serve is subject to volatility with respect to supply and raw material prices, which affects our product prices. We cannot assure you that future cyclicality, excess supply, increases in main raw materials prices, or downturns in real prices will not adversely affect our financial results.
The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of grains used to prepare balanced feed, including sorghum and corn, and some other ingredients such as: soybean meal and marigold extract, among others.
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Increase or volatility in main raw materials prices may adversely affect or operating and financial results.
The price of most of these raw materials is subject to significant volatility resulting from weather conditions, the size of harvests, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates, transportation, storage costs, and other factors.
Furthermore, the cost of corn in the U.S. may be affected by an increase in the demand of ethanol, which can reduce the supply of corn in the U.S. market, adversely affecting our operations in the U.S.
High prices or volatility in main raw materials, could adversely affect our production costs and as a consequence our financial results.
Excess in supply or downturns in product prices may adversely affect our operating and financial results.
Excess in chicken or eggs supply coupled with a weak demand for our products in the markets we operate may result in a downturn in prices for these products, and as a result, our operating margins and financial results could be negatively affected.
Raising animals and meat processing involve animal health and disease control risks, which can have an adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our operations in Mexico and in the U.S. depend on raising animals and meat processing, which are subject to risks such as diseases (like different types of influenza) and contamination during production, packaging, storage or distribution processes.
Live chickens and swine are susceptible to infections by a variety of microbiological agents that may result in higher mortality rates, affecting our earnings and financial results.
Our chicken, turkey, beef and eggs products are subject to contamination during its processing, packaging, distribution or conservation. Potential contamination of our products during processing, however, could affect a larger number of our products, which may have a significant impact on our results.
Hurricanes or other adverse weather conditions may result in additional losses of inventory and damage to our plants and equipment.
Natural disasters could significantly damage our facilities. Our facilities in Mexico are susceptible mainly to earthquakes and hurricanes. Our facilities near Mexico’s coast are most vulnerable to the risk of severe weather. Our U.S. facilities are located in Arkansas and Oklahoma, a region vulnerable to being hit by tornadoes. Extensive damage to these facilities could affect our ability to conduct our regular production, as a result, reduce our operation results.
Our growth through mergers, acquisitions or joint ventures may be impacted by challenges in integrating significant acquisitions.
We have made in the past, and may make in the future, certain acquisitions in order to continue our growth. Acquisitions involve risks, including, among others, the following: failure of acquired businesses to achieve expected results; inability to retain or hire key personnel of acquired businesses; inability to retain the same client and supplier base; and inability to achieve expected synergies and/or economies of scale. If we are unable to successfully integrate or manage our acquired businesses, we may not realize anticipated cost savings and revenue growth, which may result in reduced profitability or losses.
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Increased competition may adversely affect our performance.
We face competition from other chicken producers in all of the markets in which we sell our products, these chicken producers also have substantial financial resources and operating strengths to directly compete with our Company. We expect to continue to face strong competition in every market, as our existing or new competitors are likely to broaden their product lines and extend their geographic markets. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that our performance will not be adversely affected by increased competition.
Elimination of tariff barriers may adversely affect our performance.
U.S. producers may increase exports to Mexico as chicken, eggs and swine are free of import quotas to Mexico according to the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”). Poultry producers in the United States have developed low cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States a condition that could have a material adverse effect on our performance in Mexico.
Regulations on animal health and environmental changes in Mexico, could affect Mexican poultry industry conditions and as a consequence negatively affect our Company.
Our processes are subject to several animal health and environmental regulations that include animal raising, transportation, packaging, storage and distribution regulations. Drastic changes in any of these regulations could negatively affect our daily operations and inability to supply our products, and as a consequence affect our financial results. It also may include the implementation of new processes or equipment to comply with the new regulations, condition that may negatively affect our liquidity, as our capital investments could increase.
Our inability to maintain good relationships with our work force and its labor union, may affect our processes and as a consequence our financial results.
If we are unable to maintain good relations with our employees and with our labor union we may be faced with significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems, condition that may affect our processes and our operating results.
Risks relating to Bachoco’s investors and its American Depositary Receipts (or ADRs)
The Robinson Bours family owns 82.75% of our total shares outstanding and their interests may differ from other security holders. With that percentage they hold the power to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors and have the power to determine the outcome of certain other actions requiring the approval of our stockholders, including whether or not dividends are to be paid and the amount of such dividends.
The Company trades its ADR’s on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) with each ADR representing twelve common shares.
The prevailing market prices for the ADRs and the Shares could decline if the Robinson Bours family sold substantial amounts of their Shares, whether directly, or indirectly, through two Mexican trusts through which they hold their Shares, or if the perception arose that such a sale could occur. See Item 7 for more details about the Company’s trusts.
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The market value of our securities may be affected by economic and market conditions prevailing in any other country, although economic conditions in such countries may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, Investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse perception and consequently, the market value of our securities may be adversely affected by events elsewhere.
Payment of cash dividends may be affected by the exchange rate of the peso versus the dollar.
Because we pay cash dividends in pesos, exchange rate fluctuations will affect the U.S. dollar amounts received by holders of ADRs upon conversion of such cash dividends by The Bank of New York Mellon, who acts as our Depositary Bank.
The protection afforded to minority stockholders in Mexico is different from that in the United States.
Under Mexican law, the protection afforded to minority stockholders is different from those in the United States. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions, and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice it may be more difficult for the minority stockholders of Bachoco to enforce their rights against us or our directors or our controlling stockholder than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.
Our bylaws restrict the ability of non-Mexican stockholders to invoke the protection of their governments with respect to their rights as stockholders.
As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non Mexican stockholders shall be considered as Mexicans with respect to their ownership interests in Bachoco and shall be deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of their governments in certain circumstances. Under this provision, a non Mexican stockholder is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the U.S. securities laws, with respect to its investment in Bachoco. If you invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, your Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.
Our bylaws may only be enforced in Mexico.
Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to the execution, interpretation or performance of the bylaws may be brought only in Mexican courts. As a result, it may be difficult for non-Mexican stockholders to enforce their stockholder rights pursuant to the bylaws.
It may be difficult to enforce civil liabilities against us or our directors, officers and controlling persons.
We are organized under the laws of Mexico, and most of our directors, officers and controlling persons reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to affect service of process within the United States on such persons or to enforce judgments against them. This pertains also to any action based on civil liabilities under the U.S. federal securities laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability against such persons in Mexico, whether in original actions or in actions to enforce judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely on the U.S. federal securities laws.
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Non-Mexican stockholders may not be entitled to participate in future preemptive rights offerings.
Under Mexican law and our bylaws, if we issue new Shares for cash as part of a capital increase, we must grant our stockholders the right to purchase a sufficient number of Shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage in the Company (“preemptive rights”). We can allow holders of ADRs in the United States to exercise preemptive rights in any future capital increase only in one of the following two circumstances: (i) we file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to that future issuance of Shares; or (ii) the offering qualifies for an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.
We make no promises that we will file a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission to allow holders of ADRs in the United States to participate in a preemptive rights offering. As a result, the equity interests of such holders in the Company may be diluted proportionately. In addition, under current Mexican law, it is not practicable for the depositary to sell preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds from such sales to ADR holders.
Corporate disclosure and accounting in Mexico may differ from other countries.
There may be less, or different, publicly available information about issuers of securities in Mexico than is regularly published by or about issuers of securities in other countries with highly developed capital markets. In addition, due to country-by-country differences in accounting and other reporting principles and standards, our corporate disclosures may differ in content from disclosures made under other principles and standards.
ITEM 4. Information of the Company
A. | History and Development of the Company |
The Company was legally formed in Mexico as Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., on April 17, 1980, in Obregon, State of Sonora, Mexico, and is frequently referred to as Bachoco.
We are incorporated under the laws of the United Mexican States, but we have operations in both Mexico and the U.S. Our principal executive offices are located in Mexico at Avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, zip code 38010, Celaya, State of Guanajuato, Mexico, and our telephone number is +52 (461) 618 3500 and +52 (461) 618 3555.
Our investor relations agent in the United States is I-adize Corporate Communications, located at 82 Wall Street, Suite 805 in New York, New York.
Our main business lines are: chicken, table egg and balanced feed products.
Important events in the development of the Company’s business
We were founded in 1952. It has grown from a small commercial table egg operation in the state of Sonora, to be a vertically integrated Company and the leader poultry company in Mexico and we believe one of the most important poultry companies worldwide.
In 1963, we started operations in the cities of Navojoa, Los Mochis and Culiacan, producing just table eggs. In 1971, we commenced the production of chicken in an operating facility that we opened in the city of Culiacan.
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In 1974, we established a new complex in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. Our products were widely accepted in that region, which led us to open offices and distribution centers in Mexico City. In 1993, we moved out headquarters from the Obregon to Celaya city, and opened a new complex in the city of Techamalco, in the Southeast of Mexico.
In 1994, we continued expanding our coverage, this time with a new complex in Lagos de Moreno city, in the Western Mexico. By 1994, we had four productive complexes strategically located throughout Mexico and an important presence in the Mexican poultry market share.
In September 1997, we began trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange (or “BMV”) and on the NYSE, with 600 million shares outstanding and a free float of 17.25%, the remaining 82.75% is held since that year by the Robinson Bours Family through two Control trusts.
Furthermore, in December, 1999, we acquired Campi. With this acquisition we entered the chicken market in the South of Mexico, starting a new business line selling balanced feed to third parties. In 2001, we established our sixth productive complex in Gomez Palacio city, located in the Northeast of Mexico.
In December 2006, we acquired most of the assets and inventories of Del Mezquital to start a new complex in Hermosillo city, located in Northern Mexico, close to the border with the United States. In 2007, through a business agreement with Grupo Libra and Grupo Agra we entered in a new business, the sales of turkey and beef value added products, and increased our production capacity of table eggs. Both Companies are located in Northeast Mexico.
In 2009, we made diverse business agreements with a companies located at the Northeast of Mexico; to improve capacity and efficiency in our Northeast production complex headquartered in Monterrey, we; (i) acquired the assets of a balanced feed mill and a soybean processing plant from Productora de Alimentos Pecuarios de Nuevo Leon (ii) acquired the assets of a chicken processing plant from Avi Carnes Monterrey (iii) entered into agreements to rent breeder farms and egg incubation plants from Reproductoras Asociadas, and one-day-old breeder capacity farms and egg incubation plants from Produccion Avicola Especializada; and (iv) made arrangements with contract growers to acquire their inventories.
In August 20, 2011, we acquired Trosi de Carnes, S.A. (or “Trosi”) business; this facility is located in Monterrey, Northern Mexico. Trosi produces and sells processed beef and chicken.
On November 1, 2011, the Company entered the U.S. market and increased its export business with the acquisition of the American poultry company, OK Foods. This company accounts with operations across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. It supplies grocery retailers, food service distributors and commodity customers throughout the U.S. as well as foreign markets. Our U.S. subsidiary, Bachoco USA, LLC, is the holding company of OK Foods.
In December 2011, the Company carried out a transaction to buy certain property assets of Mercantil Agropecuaria Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (or “MACSA”), whereby, the Company reinforced its presence in the State of Baja California in Mexico, with three distributions centers.
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Capital Expenditures
During the last two years we have financed most of our capital expenditures with resources generated by our operations.
Following is a summary of the capital expenditures incurred by the Company during the last two years with the amounts having been computed under IFRS.
In 2011 we made capital expenditures of Ps. 707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. Additionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and updated our transportation fleet.
In 2012, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 951.8 million, that are used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the U.S. and Mexico.
At present, as part of its regular course of business, the Company continues with its replacement of equipment and productivity projects.
B. | Business Overview |
General
Bachoco owns and manages more than a thousand facilities, organized in nine production complexes and 64 distribution centers in Mexico, and one production complex in the United States.
We participate in the food industry in Mexico and in the U.S., mainly in the poultry industry.
We are the leader in the Mexican poultry industry, and one of the largest poultry producers globally. We recently entered the U.S. chicken market through our acquisition of OK Foods.
In Mexico, our core business is chicken products, but we also produce and sell a wide range of other products such as eggs and balanced feed. We also operate a number of other segments which we refer to as “other business lines” that include among others; the production and selling of live swine, beef and turkey value-added products as well as a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry. These other business lines are grouped together as their sales on an individual basis do not represent more than 1.0% of our total sales.
In the United States, our sole business line is chicken products.
In the recent years, we have not experienced material changes in the development or production of our products.
Principal Markets
We operate mainly in Mexico and in the U.S. In Mexico we compete mainly in the chicken, egg and balanced feed markets, and in the chicken industry in the U.S.
We estimate that we are the biggest producer of chicken products in Mexico. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 35.0% of the Mexican chicken market and are the second largest producer of eggs with an estimated market share of approximately 5.6%. We currently estimate that we have a 3.3% market share in the balanced feed products.
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As noted previously, in the U.S. we produce and distribute chicken products only. Based on our internal estimates, we currently account for approximately 2.0% of this market.
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Net Revenues: | Ps. | 27,735.0 | 100.0 | % | Ps. | 39,367.4 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Chicken | 22,611.3 | 81.5 | % | 32,989.5 | 83.8 | % | ||||||||||
In Mexico | 21,232.5 | 76.5 | % | 24,818.0 | 63.0 | % | ||||||||||
In the U.S. | 1,378.8 | 5.0 | % | 8,171.5 | 20.8 | % | ||||||||||
Eggs(1) | 2,085.9 | 7.5 | % | 2,807.7 | 7.1 | % | ||||||||||
Balanced feed(1) | 1,853.2 | 6.7 | % | 1,979.0 | 5.0 | % | ||||||||||
Other business lines (1) | 1,184.6 | 4.2 | % | 1,591.2 | 4.1 | % |
(1) | Revenues from eggs, balanced feed and other business lines originate from sales in Mexico. |
Our chicken, eggs and balanced feed are our largest business lines in terms of revenues and thus they are described in more detail in the following paragraphs.
Overview of the Chicken Industry in Mexico
According to the UNA, chicken products are the main source of protein consumed in Mexico. Mexico is among the ten main chicken producers worldwide, with an estimated production of 2,945.4 thousand tons of chicken meat in 2012, with a per capita consumption of 25.7 kilograms a year, a slight increase when compared to 25.6 kilograms for the year 2011.
Fresh chicken is the most popular meat consumed in Mexico. According to the UNA more than 90% of chicken is sold fresh, and just a small percentage is sold frozen and with value added (marinated, breaded, partially cooked and fully cooked, among others). These products have found limited acceptance among Mexican consumers due to historical consumer preferences for fresh chicken.
We estimate that we are Mexico’s largest chicken producer with around 35.0% market share, and when combined with our two largest vertically integrated competitors in Mexico, we account for approximately 59.0% of total Mexican poultry production.
Mexico is a main destination for U.S. chicken exports. Chicken imports from the U.S. have increased from 204.1 thousand tons in 2008 (when restrictions for leg quarters imports were phased out in January 2008) to 311.5 thousand tons in 2011. This increase was due to lower price levels in the U.S. and other foreign markets.
Chicken products in Mexico are classified into six main categories: live, public market, rotisserie, supermarket broiler, chicken parts and value-added products. Bachoco operates in all these categories.
For a better understanding of the chicken market in Mexico following is a brief description of each category of chicken products:
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- | Live chicken is sold alive to small independent slaughtering operations or to wholesalers that contract with independent slaughtering operations for processing. |
- | Public market chicken is a whole broiler presented either un-eviscerated or eviscerated, generally sold within 48 hours after slaughter. This product is sold to consumers without any packaging or brand identification. |
- | Rotisserie chicken is a whole broiler presented eviscerated and ready to cook. |
- | Supermarket chicken is a fresh whole broiler presented with the edible viscera packed separately. |
- | Chicken cuts refers to cut-up fresh chicken parts sold wrapped in trays or in bulk principally to supermarket chains, the fast-food industry and other institutional food service providers. |
- | Value-added products refers mainly to cut-up fresh chicken parts with value-added treatment like marinating, breading and individual quantity frozen. |
We operate in all these chicken categories; our product mix varies from region to region, reflecting different consumption and distribution patterns.
SALES AND VOLUME OF CHICKEN BY CATEGORY | ||||||||||||
In 2011 | Industry /volume (1) | Bachoco /volume | Bachoco /sales | |||||||||
Live | 33 | % | 36 | % | 29 | % | ||||||
Public market | 20 | % | 14 | % | 14 | % | ||||||
Rotisserie | 26 | % | 27 | % | 27 | % | ||||||
Supermarket | 12 | % | 5 | % | 5 | % | ||||||
Chicken parts | 6 | % | 12 | % | 16 | % | ||||||
Value-added products | 3 | % | 6 | % | 9 | % | ||||||
In 2012 | Industry /volume (2) | Bachoco /volume | Bachoco /sales | |||||||||
Live | n/a | 36 | % | 30 | % | |||||||
Public market | n/a | 13 | % | 13 | % | |||||||
Rotisserie | n/a | 27 | % | 28 | % | |||||||
Supermarket | n/a | 5 | % | 5 | % | |||||||
Chicken parts | n/a | 10 | % | 12 | % | |||||||
Value-added products | n/a | 8 | % | 11 | % |
(1) | According with the UNA. |
(2) | Industry information for 2012 is not available as of the date of this report. |
Overview of the Chicken Industry in the U.S.
According to the USDA and the UNA, chicken is the main protein consumed in the U.S., but unlike in Mexico, the cuts are mainly sold frozen and with value-added (more than 85%). This is due to a large increase in demand for the three main components of chicken: the breast, wing, and left quarters, respectively.
The U.S. is the world’s largest producer of chicken. Its annual production is estimated at 16.8 million tons (or 37 billion pounds), and its per capita consumption is also one of the highest worldwide, per annum, estimated at 43.6 kilograms (around 96.0 pounds).
The U.S. chicken industry is more consolidated and vertically integrated. Most producers of chicken use state-of-the-art technology in its processes. It is estimated that the main four chicken producers account for 52% of the total chicken production in the U.S.
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Another characteristic of the chicken industry in the U.S. is the use of contract growers, with more than 85% of chicken produced by contract growers. Such production consists of in providing the growers with chickens, balanced feed, vaccines, medicines and training required for the growing of chickens. The grower supplies its facilities and labor required in order to bring the chickens to slaughter-ready weight. The contract grower is then paid based on the productivity and efficiency of its flock.
Brazil and the U.S. are the main exporters of chickens worldwide, and their main destinations are Mexico, China, Russia and the Middle East, among other countries. We estimate that our market share is around 2.0% in the U.S..
Overview of the Egg Industry in Mexico
According to the UNA, Mexico has the largest per capita consumption of eggs (or “table eggs”) in the world. There is an estimated per capita consumption of around 22.5 kilograms for 2012, compared to 22.4 kilograms in 2011. Mexico’s 2012 annual egg production is estimated at 2,538.1 million tons.
When compared to other protein sources, eggs are among the cheapest sources of protein in Mexico. The egg industry is more fragmented than the chicken industry.
Table eggs in Mexico are classified in three main categories: bulk, packaged and processed.
- | Bulk is distributed in large 360 egg cases. |
- | Packaged in branded packages of mainly 12, 18, 24 or more eggs. |
- | Processed is liquid or powdery eggs used mainly by the bakery industry. |
Bachoco participates in the bulk and packaged categories of eggs but does not participate in the processed market.
We estimate that we are the second largest producer of table eggs in Mexico. In 2012, we produced 5.6% of the total eggs produced in Mexico in terms of tons. We sell both brown and white eggs. We estimate that we are the largest producer of brown eggs in Mexico, and the largest marketer of packaged eggs with brand identification.
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In 2012 and 2011, the volume sold by table eggs category in the Mexican industry and in the Company was:
SALES AND VOLUME OF EGG BY CATEGORY | ||||||||||||
In 2011 | Industry /volume (1) | Bachoco /volume | Bachoco /sales | |||||||||
Bulk | 80 | % | 45 | % | 34 | % | ||||||
Packaged | 14 | % | 55 | % | 66 | % | ||||||
Processed | 6 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | ||||||
In 2012 | Industry /volume (2) | Bachoco /volume | Bachoco /sales | |||||||||
Bulk | n/a | 42 | % | 38 | % | |||||||
Packaged | n/a | 58 | % | 62 | % | |||||||
Processed | n/a | 0 | % | 0 | % |
(1) | According with the UNA. |
(2) | Industry information for 2012 is not available as of the date of this. |
Overview of the Balanced Feed Market in Mexico
According to the Consejo Nacional de Fabricantes de Alimento Balanceado y de la Nutricion Animal, A.C. (or ”CONAFAB”), Mexico is among the ten biggest producers of balanced feed worldwide. According to CONAFAB, it is estimated that 28,759 thousand tons of balanced feed were produced in Mexico in 2012, a slight increase from 28,333 thousand tons of balanced feed produced in 2011.
Producers of balanced feed are classified as commercial and integrated; commercial manufacturers produce for the market while integrated manufacturers mostly produce for themselves and occasionally for other producers.
The production mix between commercial and integrated producers has not changed much in the past years as it remains in the following proportion: 37% to 40% of commercial producers and 60% to 63% of integrated producers.
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net volume sold of balanced feed:
BALANCED FEED VOLUME SOLD | ||||||||||||
Thousands of tones | Total Production (1) | Bachoco’s Production | Estimated Market Share | |||||||||
2010 | 10,433 | 328 | 3.1 | % | ||||||||
2011 | 10,463 | 379 | 3.6 | % | ||||||||
2012 | 10,689 | 351 | 3.3 | % |
(1) According to CONAFAB, balanced feed produced by commercial producers in Mexico.
Seasonality Effects
The poultry industry worldwide is characterized by cyclical periods of higher profitability leading to overproduction followed by periods of lower prices and lower profitability and is very susceptible to price changes in main raw material, such as; corn, soybean meal and sorghum.
Our sales are moderately seasonal in Mexico. In general, we experience the highest levels of sales in the second and fourth quarters due to higher chicken consumption during the holiday seasons.
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As for our sales in the U.S., there is slightly less seasonality but breast meat prices are typically higher in the second and third quarters and wings are more in demand in the fourth and first quarters.
Pricing for chicken and eggs products
Chicken and eggs are considered a commodity item. Changes to the supply or demand, and changes in raw material prices can directly impact in sale prices, and as a result affect the profitability of main producers. Another factor that impacts chicken pricing mainly in U.S. is the international demand.
Main Raw Materials and Sources of Supply
As a vertically integrated company our processes start in our main business lines with production of balanced feed, as well as with the buying of grandparent breeder flocks.
Our production of chicken processes starts with the purchasing of one-day birds called “grandparent” birds. These birds are raised to maturity in our farms where fertile eggs are produced to continue through our production processes. Grandparent birds are bought in Mexico and the U.S. from genetic bird firms.
The largest single component of our cost of sales is the cost of grain (corn and sorghum), as well as soybean meal used to prepare balanced feed. We operate our own feed mills to produce balanced feed for both individual business consumption as well as to sell to third parties.
The prices of these ingredients are subject to significant volatility resulting from weather, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, governmental agricultural policies, currency exchange rates and other factors. The Company engages in hedging of its feed costs in order to assure more stable cost of grains.
In Mexico, domestic crops are limited, therefore a large percentage of our raw materials are imported from the U.S. In 2012, we bought approximately 47.0% of our total grain from the domestic market and the rest from the U.S.
Marketing Channels Used by the Company
Marketing and Distribution of Chicken Products in Mexico
We have developed an extensive distribution system to participate in all the existing distribution channels of chicken and eggs products. We consider our distribution system one of the Company’s strengths, where we have developed wide expertise and knowledge of the business.
We participate and operate in all the following marketing channels:
- | Live Chicken. Unlike most other countries, Mexico has a large marketing channel of live chicken which mainly operates in the central and southern regions of Mexico. |
- | Wholesalers. Large percentages of our chicken sales operate via wholesalers. The main products marketed in this channel are live and public market chicken as well as rotisserie. We do not have exclusive supply agreements with our customers. |
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- | Institutional. We sell a large amount of product to institutional customers. We mainly sell chicken cuts and rotisserie chicken in the institutional channel. Success in supplying the institutional channel depends on consistency and good service, and only larger producers with more modern processing facilities and distribution capacity can compete in this market. |
- | Supermarket. We sell cuts and value-added products as well as supermarket chicken types through supermarket channels or convenience stores. In this channel we emphasize our brand image as well as our superior service, reinforced by frequent delivery to ensure freshness, to build consumer’s loyalty. |
- | Retail. A wide range of products are sold under this marketing channel that goes from the live chicken to value-added or public market and supermarket chicken type. The Company supplies several points of sale that directly sell these products to the customers. |
We use our own fleet to transport the majority of rotisserie chickens, supermarket broilers and other chicken products to our customers in Mexico. We try to cooperate with existing distribution channels and do not compete with wholesale distributors, except in areas where we supply our own distribution capacity where needed for market penetration.
We distribute products from our processing plants to our cold-storage facilities and warehouses, which serve as a midpoint in distribution to wholesalers and local customers. From our cold-storage facilities, we service wholesalers, retailers and transport certain products directly to supermarkets and food-service operations. Our distribution infrastructure includes more than 64 cold-storage warehouses and facilities and a large fleet of vehicles.
Marketing and Distribution of Chicken Products in the U.S..
Our U.S. operations which lie across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma, produce only chicken products. Those plants mainly supply grocery retailers, food service distributors, national accounts and commodity customers throughout the U.S. The U.S. complex also services the foreign market and exports to several countries including those in Asia, Russia and Mexico itself. Our distribution line through this plant is handled mainly through third parties.
Marketing and Distribution of Eggs Products in Mexico
Eggs are mostly sold packaged with brand identification. We sell white and brown eggs; the branded carton of brown eggs is a premium product in the Mexican market, because consumers perceive them to be of higher quality. Brown eggs command a small premium over white eggs.
In some regions, however, we have reallocated part of our production from brown eggs to white eggs due to local market preferences. Our marketing strategy in the eggs business is to gradually move from bulk to packaged white eggs. Packaged eggs are less vulnerable to price fluctuation and create brand loyalty.
We have designed our egg distribution system to transport eggs from our laying farms to customers in all sales regions.
- | Wholesalers. We sell eggs in bulk; these wholesalers operate mainly in central Mexico. This product is sold to consumers mainly by kilogram and not by unit. |
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- | Institutional. We sell eggs in bulk in this institutional marketing channel. |
- | Supermarket. We sell eggs packaged with brand identification and a large number of presentation patterns in packages of 12, 18, 24 or more eggs. |
- | Retail. We distribute eggs directly to customers in packages with brand identification. |
Marketing and Distribution of Balanced Feed in Mexico
Our production of balanced feed to third parties, accounts for a wide range of products; we produce balanced feed products mainly in the poultry industry, but we also produce in other markets such as dogs, cattle, swine and fish, among other species.
We sell balanced feed products mainly to small livestock producers and through a network of small distributors located mainly in central and southern Mexico. Currently, we have 4 feed plants dedicated to producing balanced feed to third parties.
Patents, Licenses and Other Contracts
The Company’s operations are not dependent on the existence of patents or licenses or contracts signed with customers or suppliers.
Material Effects of Government Regulations on the Company’s Business
Every region where Bachoco operates is subject to extensive federal, state and foreign laws and regulations, which can have a material effect on the Company. Such laws and regulations include among others, the following:
Import and Export Regulations
Effective January 1, 2008, there is a free chicken market between Mexico and the U.S. This allows U.S. producers to export any amount of chicken (mainly leg quarters) free of tariffs to Mexico.
The U.S. chicken exports to Mexico have substantially increased since applicable restrictions on such imports have recently phased out. However, this development does impact the Mexican market for chicken because neither we, nor any other Mexican chicken producer, is yet able to export similar products to the U.S. Our production complex in the U.S. exports chicken products to several countries such as Russia, China and Mexico, among others, and therefore it is subject to various laws and regulations that apply in each of these countries.
Antitrust Regulations
In Mexico, the Ley Federal de Competencia Economica (“Mexican Economic Competition Law” or “CFC”), regulates monopolies and monopolistic practices.
Under this law, all companies, including Bachoco are required to notify the CFC of all proposed transactions exceeding specified threshold amounts as set forth in the Mexican Economic Competition Law. The CFC can impose conditions on, and prevent or unwind, any such transactions by Mexican companies.
We have complied with all requirements under this law. In December 2009, Mexico’s CFC published a notice announcing an investigation of the Mexican poultry sector regarding possible monopolistic business practices. No specific companies were cited as conducting business in this manner. We, along with other companies, were required to provide information to the commission during 2010 to 2012. As a result the CFC determined the following:
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- | In November 2012, the CFC imposed a Ps. 1.4 million fine on Bachoco, arguing that Bachoco conspired with local producers to fix the prices of chicken in Chetumal, state of Quintana Roo. Price fixing is an activity not permitted by applicable Mexican law. |
- | In January 2013, the CFC released a new statement announcing a fine of Ps. 1.6 million, arguing that Bachoco conspired with other local producers to fix prices of chicken in Cancun, state of Quintana Roo. |
In both cases, we disagreed with CFC’s resolution and have appealed both resolutions according to the provisions of Mexican law, to assert our rights as a company that contributes to the development of the country and to a free market.
As of the date of this Annual Report, these files remain open; the CFC is evaluating our impugnation and is expected to release a response in the upcoming months.
Antidumping Regulations
Since 2003, chicken (excluding leg quarters for which the Mexican government had imposed certain temporary restrictions), eggs and swine import quotas were eliminated by virtue of the NAFTA. Poultry producers in the United States have developed extremely low-cost production methods and have been successful in exporting primarily frozen and value-added poultry to other countries, including Mexico, especially in periods of overcapacity in the United States.
On January 1, 2008, the restrictions previously imposed for leg quarters were phased out. At present there are no restrictions on exporting these products to Mexico.
In February of 2011, the Secretaria Mexicana de Economia (or “Ministry of Economy”) initiated an antidumping investigation focusing exclusively on imports of leg quarters from the U.S. to Mexico. This investigation was requested by Bachoco and by two other Mexican poultry companies.
As a result of this investigation, in January of 2012, the Ministry of Economy issued a preliminary ruling on anti-dumping procedures and confirmed dumping conditions on chicken leg quarters imported from the United States, including margins ranging from 62.90% to 129.77%, stating that such practices damaged the Mexican poultry industry.
The Ministry of Economy had the authority to impose anti-dumping duties, but did not proceed as the interested parties expressed the desire to reach an agreement. The companies involved provided new arguments.
Consequently, on August 7, 2012, after examining all final arguments, the authorities confirmed the existence of dumping conditions that caused harm to the domestic poultry industry. The Ministry of Economy imposed anti-dumping duties on imports of chicken leg quarters from the United States, but stated that such penalties would not be applied immediately, as the poultry industry was being affected by the presence of avian flu type H7N3 in the estate of Jalisco. It is worth noting that, the Company´s facilities were not affected by this outbreak of influenza.
As of the date of this report, we do not have any further information regarding the application of such duties.
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Environmental and Sanitary Regulation
The chicken industry is subject to government regulation in the health and environmental safety areas, including provisions relating to water and air pollution and noise control. Below is a description of the principal laws and administrative authorities in these areas in Mexico and the U.S.:
- | Mexico. The Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Inocuidad y Calidad Alimentaria (or “The Mexican Sanitary Authority” or “SENASICA”), the Ley General de Equilibrio Ecologico y Proteccion Ambiental (General Law of Ecological Balance and Environmental Protection) and the Secretaria del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources or “SEMARNAT”). |
- | The United States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (or “USDA”), the Centers for Disease Control, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (or “DHS”) and the U.S. Department of Labor (or “DOL”). |
All of these laws or regulations can bring administrative and criminal proceedings against companies that violate environmental and safety laws and regulations, and after certain administrative procedures, such violations can result in the closure of non-complying facilities.
The Company provides information to these authorities on a regular basis or whenever required, to assure the Company’s compliance thereof. Our Mexican and U.S. subsidiaries are also in compliance with all current regulations and are constantly monitored to ensure compliance in case of any changes in the regulatory environment.
In 2008 the Company voluntarily entered in an audit program through the Procuraduria de Proteccion al Ambiente (Office of Environmental Protection or “Propaeg”) of the Government of Guanajuato. As a result, on February 29, 2012, the Company received the Certificate “Clean Company” delivered by Propaeg. This Certificate confirms that the Company meets all environmental standards on its production processes and that is friendly to the environment.
C. | Organizational Structure |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. is a holding company with no operations other than holding the stock of its subsidiaries. Our main operating subsidiaries are Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. and Bachoco USA, LLC (the holding company for OK Foods), which own our main operating assets.
For the fiscal year 2012, our subsidiary Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. accounted for 71.9% of consolidated total assets and 73.0% of total consolidated sales and our subsidiary Bachoco USA, LLC, accounted for 12.3% of consolidated total assets and 20.8% of total consolidated sales.
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All of our subsidiaries are directly owned by us in the percentages listed below. The following table shows our main subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011:
PERCENTAGE EQUITY INTEREST(1) | ||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||
Subsidiary | Country | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 64 | 64 | |||||||
Secba, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 100 | 100 | |||||||
Bachoco, USA LLC. and subsidiaries | U.S. | 100 | (2) | 100 |
(1) | Percentages are rounded to the next unit. |
(2) | In November 2011, OK Foods was acquired and incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco. Then, on March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC was incorporated in Delaware as an Industrias Bachoco subsidiary in order to serve as the holding company of OK Foods and its subsidiaries. |
For more detail regarding the Company’s subsidiaries, see Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
D. | Property, Plant and Equipment |
We have more than a thousand production facilities in Mexico and in the U.S. (most of which are farms) and 64 distribution centers that are located throughout Mexico, to ensure freshness and minimize transportation time and costs.
We own most of our facilities, we own around the 80% of our farms and lease a limited number of other farms and sales centers. We also employ a network of contract growers.
The following table indicates Bachoco’s production facilities and the number of each type of facility both in Mexico and the U.S., as of December 31, 2012:
BACHOCO’S FACILITIES | ||||||||
Number of Facilities: | ||||||||
Facilities | In Mexico | In The U.S. | ||||||
Chicken breeding farms | 172 | 93 | ||||||
Broiler grow-out farms | 491 | 336 | ||||||
Broiler processing plants | 8 | 2 | ||||||
Hatchery | 22 | 3 | ||||||
Egg production farms | 121 | 0 | ||||||
Swine breeding farms | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Swine grow-out farms | 25 | 0 | ||||||
Feed mills | 18 | 2 | ||||||
Further process plants | 4 | 2 |
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Bachoco’s facilities in Mexico
Our facilities in Mexico are located all over the country, grouped in nine complexes with offices in Merida, Coatzacoalcos, Tecamachalco, Celaya, Lagos de Moreno, Monterrey, Gomez Palacios, Culiacan and Hermosillo. Each of these complexes mainly includes farms, feed mills, incubation facility, processing plants, and distribution centers.
Our eight processing plants process around 10 million chickens per week and our laying farms produce around 12 thousand tons of commercial eggs each month.
Four of the eighteen feed mill plants are dedicated to the production of balanced feed for sales to third parties and the remaining fourteen are dedicated mainly to internal consumption. We produce around 30 thousand tons of balanced feed per month for sale to third parties.
We own other facilities, including two poultry manure-processing plants. We also own a laboratory that produces vaccines for the poultry industry, which we mainly use for internal purposes but we also sell some vaccines to third parties.
Expansion, Construction or Issues Related to Our Facilities in Mexico
On April 13, 2008, our processing plant in Monterrey caught fire. While the fire destroyed the entire further processing area, our broiler production processing did not suffer any damage and continued operating under nearly normal conditions until 2009. In 2009, the Company closed this facility and moved the broiler production processing to a new facility in the same city of Monterrey.
In April 2010, the table eggs operation located in Mexicali, B.C. was affected by an earthquake that hit northwestern Mexico on April 4. The earthquake partially affected almost all of the farms located in this region, including our farm. Our affected farm represents approximately 9.0% of our total egg production. Other facilities, such as feed mill and distribution centers, were essentially undamaged. This farm recommenced operations at the end of 2010, with normal production capacity by the end of 2011.
In February 2013, the outbreak of the avian influenza H7N3 was detected in several of our breeders and laying farms located in the state of Guanajuato, central Mexico. Although the affected farms suffered no damage to their assets, the production capacity of such farms was suspended due to the decreased bird populations caused by the quarantine of the aforementioned farms.
Earlier in 2012, several laying farms of other local producers were affected with the same type of influenza (H7N3), in the state of Jalisco. None of Bachoco’s farms were affected.
For more detail, see Note 32 of our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
Bachoco’s facilities in the U.S.
We have facilities across the River Valley area in Arkansas and Oklahoma. We process around 3 million chickens per week in those facilities. Our offices are in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Our slaughter and deboning plants and feed mills are located in Fort Smith and Heavener, Oklahoma. We have further processing plants in Fort Smith and Muldrow, Oklahoma; our hatcheries in Fort Smith, Heavener and Stigler, Oklahoma; our broiler research farms, in Greenwood and Hartford, Arkansas; and our cooler storage and distribution center, in Muldrow city.
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Expansion, Construction or Issues Related with Our Facilities in the U.S.
We currently have no plans to carry out any construction or material expansion in our Mexico or U.S. facilities.
ITEM 4.A. Unresolved Staff Comments
None
ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
In January 2009, CNBV published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the IFRS as issued by the IASB, effective as of January 1, 2012.
Following these amendments, on January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS. Thus, we timely issue our periodic reports under IFRS, meeting all the CNBV requirements. For comparative proposes our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of January 1, 2011 were converted from MFRS to IFRS to make them comparable to our financial statements for fiscal year 2012.
The rules and regulations of the SEC, do not require foreign private issuers that prepare their financial statements on the basis of IFRS (as issued by the IASB) to reconcile such financial statements to U.S. GAAP. As such, while Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. has in the past reconciled its consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with MFRS to U.S. GAAP, those reconciliations are no longer presented in Bachoco’s filings with the SEC.
Year 2012 Overview
Financial and operating results were sound during 2012. The following factors were the principal contributors to our results of operations in 2012:
- | Good balance between the market supply and demand across the Company's main business lines increased profitability and set a new Company historical sales record. |
- | Important improvements in our production processes, such as efficiencies resulting from investments in productivity projects, as well as a reduction in operating expenses as a percentage of sales, which allowed Bachoco to partially offset cost increases. |
- | Cost of sales continues to increase, driven mainly by increases in volume sold and sustained high raw materials prices, even though prices were more stable than in 2011. |
During 2012, the Company continued to integrate the operations of OK Foods, acquired in November of 2011, which has resulted in positive results to the Company and we keep focusing our efforts towards improving its daily operations.
In 2012, the Company’s management decided it was in the best interests of the Company to tap into the local bond market in order to diversify its debt instruments and open up more sources of financing.
Therefore, in August 2012, the Company successfully issued its first local bond, for a tenor of 5 years, maturing in 2017. The bonds issued had an interest rate of 28-day TIIE, offering a yield of TIIE + 0.60% to investors. The principal will be amortized at face value, in one payment, on the date of maturity. The funds obtained were used primarily to pre-pay certain outstanding debt, some of which was previously incurred in the context of our acquisition of OK Foods.
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Macroeconomic Conditions in Mexico
The Mexican inflation rate does not have a material effect on Bachoco’s financial performance. According to statistics released by the Banco de Mexico, the inflation rate was 3.6% in 2012, while the GDP grew by 3.9% during the same year. In general, economic conditions in Mexico have been stable, which resulted in stability of the Mexican peso during most of the year. The Mexican peso in 2012 appreciated by 7.9% as compared against the year-end of 2011.
According to UNA estimates for 2012, the total chicken volume produced in Mexico grew about 1.5% with an estimated per capita consumption of 25.7 kilograms of chicken per year and the total egg volume produced in Mexico grew 1.5% with an estimated per capita consumption of 22.5 kilograms of eggs per year.
A. | Operating Results under IFRS |
The following financial information for 2012 is reflected in millions of pesos unless otherwise indicated, with comparative figures for the same periods in 2011, was prepared under IFRS, and should be read in conjunction with our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
The following table sets forth selected components of our results of operations as a percentage of net revenues for each of the periods indicated:
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 27,735.0 | 100.0 | % | Ps. | 39,367.4 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 24,797.0 | 89.4 | % | 33,318.2 | 84.6 | % | ||||||||||
Gross profit | 2,938.0 | 10.6 | % | 6,049.2 | 15.4 | % | ||||||||||
General, selling and administrative expenses | 2,974.7 | 10.7 | % | 3,396.7 | 8.6 | % | ||||||||||
Other income (expenses), net | 1,000.0 | 3.6 | % | (23.8 | ) | (0.1 | )% | |||||||||
Operating income | 963.2 | 3.5 | % | 2,628.8 | 6.7 | % | ||||||||||
Net finance income | 177.6 | 0.6 | % | 165.0 | 0.4 | % | ||||||||||
Income tax | (38.6 | ) | (0.1 | )% | 602.0 | 1.5 | % | |||||||||
Profit for the year | 1,179.4 | 4.3 | % | 2,191.8 | 5.6 | % |
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, our net revenues by main product lines as a percentage of total net revenues, in each period:
NET REVENUES BY BUSINESS LINES | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Net Revenues: | Ps. | 27,735.0 | 100.0 | % | Ps. | 39,367.4 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Chicken | 22,611.3 | 81.5 | % | 32,989.5 | 83.8 | % | ||||||||||
In Mexico | 21,232.5 | 76.5 | % | 24,818.0 | 63.0 | % | ||||||||||
In the U.S. | 1,378.8 | 5.0 | % | 8,171.5 | 20.8 | % | ||||||||||
Eggs(1) | 2,085.9 | 7.5 | % | 2,807.7 | 7.1 | % | ||||||||||
Balanced feed(1) | 1,853.2 | 6.7 | % | 1,979.0 | 5.0 | % | ||||||||||
Other business lines (1) | 1,184.6 | 4.2 | % | 1591.2 | 4.1 | % |
(1) | Revenues from eggs, balanced feed and other business lines originate from sales in Mexico. |
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Net Revenues
In 2012, we reported the highest sales in the Company’s history. Net sales for fiscal year 2012 totaled Ps. 39,367.4 million, 41.9% more than Ps. 27,735.0 million of net sales recorded in 2011. This increase was due to higher sales of chicken, which resulted from the consolidation of OK Foods into our results of operations. Below is a breakdown of such sales:
- Chicken products sales increased 45.9% during 2012 as a result of increased sales of chicken driven by the integration of our new operation in the U.S.
- Sales of eggs increased 34.6% during the 2012 fiscal year. The increased sales volume is attributed mainly to the full recovery of our production capacity in the Mexicali facility, which was damaged by an earthquake in 2010. Additionally, we observed a recovery in the prices of eggs during 2012, which had been lagging in recent years.
- Balanced feed sales had an increase of 6.8% in 2012, as a result of an increase of 15.1% in prices, partially offset by 7.2% decrease in volume sold. This recovery in prices has continued after a couple of years of significant increases in production costs, and the reduction in volume is mainly a consequence of recent increased competition and hence supply in this market.
- As noted previously, our other business lines comprise live swine sales, sales of value added turkey and beef products, vaccines and other by-products. All these lines account on an individual basis for less than 1% of the Company’s total sales. In 2012, value-added beef products and swine experienced significant sales growth.
Operating Results
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our operating results for each of the periods indicated:
OPERATING RESULTS | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 27,735.0 | 100.0 | % | Ps. | 39,367.4 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 24,797.0 | 89.4 | % | 33,318.2 | 84.6 | % | ||||||||||
Gross profit | 2,938.0 | 10.6 | % | 6,049.2 | 15.4 | % | ||||||||||
General, selling and administrative expenses | 2,974.7 | 10.7 | % | 3,396.7 | 8.6 | % | ||||||||||
Other income (expense) net | 1,000.0 | 3.6 | % | (23.8 | ) | (0.1 | )% | |||||||||
Operating income | 963.2 | 3.5 | % | 2,628.8 | 6.7 | % |
Gross Profit
Total cost of sales increased 34.4% for year 2012, when compared to the year 2011. This increase was principally driven by increases in the production costs of chicken, eggs and balanced feed for year 2012 which increased 10.5%, 10.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, when compared to the year 2011.
Corn, sorghum and soybean meal are the main components of our production costs. These components are subject to high volatility caused by supply, weather conditions and exchange rates, among others. For year 2012, we obtained approximately 47.0% of our corn needs from Mexico, and the remaining 53.0% was bought in from the U.S.
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Our gross profit in 2012 totaled Ps. 6,049.2 million, with a gross margin of 15.4%. This represented an increase of 105.9% as compared to the previous year, mainly due to the increase in our net revenues s in 2012
General, Selling and Administrative Expenses
In 2012, General, selling and administrative expenses totaled Ps. 3,396.7 million, compared to Ps. 2,974.7 million in 2011. As a result of our strict monitoring of operating expenses, we reported improvements in our total expenses year over year. In 2012, our general, selling and administrative expenses represented 8.6% of total sales compared to 10.7% reported in 2011.
Other Income (Expense) Net
Other income (expense) includes the selling of unused assets as well as the selling of hens and other by-products. We record such sales as expenses when the sale price is lower than the book value of those assets.
In 2012, we recorded other expenses of Ps. 23.8 million, compared with Ps. 1,000.0 million of other income reported in 2011; this is mainly attributed to a gain on the purchase price in the business acquisition of OK Foods in November of 2011. For more details see Note 31 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Operating Income
Operating income in 2012, totaled $2,628.8 million, 172.9% higher than $963.2 million of other income reported in 2011, which was mainly a result of an increase in sales in 2012.
Net Finance Income
The following table sets forth our net finance income for each of the periods indicated:
NET FINANCE INCOME | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Net finance income | Ps. | 177.6 | Ps. | 165.0 | ||||
Financial income | 248.3 | 270.0 | ||||||
Financial expense | 70.6 | 105.0 |
We reported a comprehensive financial income of Ps. 165.0 million in 2012 compared with comprehensive financial income of Ps. 177.6 million in 2011. This was mainly due to interest earned on the Company’s cash position, which remained strong throughout both years.
The financial income of Ps. 270.0 million in 2012, was mainly due to the Ps. 222.1 million of gain in interest, Ps. 35.2 million of gain in exchange rate, net, and Ps. 12.8 million of gain in valuation effects of financial instruments, which result was partially offset by Ps. 105.0 million of interest paid in 2012.
In 2011, financial income totaled Ps. 248.3 million, mainly as a result of Ps. 193.8 million in interest gain and an exchange gain, net of $54.5 million, which result was partially offset by interest paid in 2011 of Ps. 69.7 million and Ps. 0.9 million as a result of valuation effect in financial instruments.
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For more details see Note 30 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Taxes
The following table sets forth our tax position for each of the periods indicated, which is described in more detail in Note 21 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included herein:
TAXES | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Total income taxes (benefit) expense, | Ps. | (38.6 | ) | Ps. | 602.0 | |||
Income tax | 69.6 | 366.4 | ||||||
Deferred income tax | (100.3 | ) | 207.1 | |||||
Income tax in the U.S. | (7.8 | ) | 28.5 |
Total taxes in 2012 totaled Ps. 602.0 million, compared to a tax benefit of Ps. 38.6 million reported in 2011. This decrease was primarily a result of strong results and income in 2012 compared with a weak performance in our 2011 results.
In 2012, the main components of the income tax expense are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for Ps. 586.7 million, which represents 21.0% of total income tax expense; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for Ps.61.8 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax expense; and c) the net tax effect of inflation for Ps. (47.6) million, which represents (2.0%) of total income tax expense.
In 2011, the main components of the income tax benefit are: a) computed “expected” tax expense for Ps. 239.6 million, which represents 21.0% of total income tax benefit; b) the effect of companies outside of simplified regime for Ps.27.0 million, which represents 2.0% of total income tax benefit; c) the non-taxable gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary for Ps. (220.0) million, which represents (19.0%) of total income tax benefit, and d) the net tax effect of inflation for Ps. (67.9) million, which represents (6.0%) of total income tax benefit.
For more details on our tax position, see Note 21-c) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
The main components of deferred income tax in 2012 are a slight increase in deferred tax assets for Ps.12.9 million when compared with year 2011, partially compensated by an increase in deferred tax liabilities for Ps. 210.8 million, mainly due to an increase in deferred tax assets-inventories in 2012.
For more details on our tax position, see Note 21-d) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements
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Profit for the year
The following table sets forth our profit for the year for each of the periods indicated:
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR | ||||||||||||||||
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Profit for the year | Ps. | 1,179.4 | 4.3 | % | Ps. | 2,191.8 | 5.6 | % | ||||||||
Net controlled interest | 1,177.3 | 2,184.6 | ||||||||||||||
Net non-controlling interest | 2.1 | 7.2 | ||||||||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share (in pesos) | 1.96 | 3.65 | ||||||||||||||
Net income per ADR (in pesos) | 23.52 | 43.80 |
As a result of the reasons detailed above, our profit for the year in 2012 totaled Ps. 2,191.8 million, or Ps. 3.65 per basic and diluted share (Ps. 43.80 per ADR), an increase when compared to Ps. 1,179.4 million in net income or Ps. 1.96 per basic and diluted share (Ps. 23.52 per ADR) reported in 2011.
Our net consolidated margin in 2012 was 5.6% compared to a net consolidated margin of 4.3% in 2011.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Result
EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA in 2012 reached Ps. 3,466.6 and Ps. 3,490.4 million respectively, representing a margin of 8.8% and 8.9%, compared to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA in 2011 of Ps. 1,709.0 and Ps. 709.0 million and a margin of 6.2% and, 2.6% respectively.
The following table shows reconciliation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin to consolidated net income for each of the periods indicated.
ADJUSTED EBITDA | ||||||||
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Net income | Ps. | 1,179.4 | Ps. | 2,191.8 | ||||
Income tax expense (benefit) | (38.6 | ) | 602.0 | |||||
Net finance income | (177.6 | ) | (165.0 | ) | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 745.8 | 837.8 | ||||||
EBITDA result | Ps. | 1,709.0 | Ps. | 3,466.6 | ||||
EBITDA margin (%) | 6.2 | 8.8 | ||||||
Other (income) expense, net | (1,000.0 | ) | 23.8 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA result | Ps. | 709.0 | Ps. | 3,490.4 | ||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin (%) | 2.6 | 8.9 | ||||||
Net revenues | Ps. | 27,735.0 | Ps. | 39,367.4 |
Critical Fiscal and Accounting Policies
The following information is a summary of the fiscal and accounting policies that could materially affect the Company’s operations or investments.
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Income Tax, Asset Tax and Flat Rate Business Tax, Year 2012
Industrias Bachoco and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns. Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Company’s main subsidiary, is subject to the simplified regime. This simplified regime is applicable to agriculture, cattle-raising and fishing, among others.
O.K. Industries, subsidiary is located in the U.S. and it has a different fiscal period that the rest of the subsidiaries located in Mexico. O.K. Industries’ fiscal year ends in April each year, while the rest of the Companies end in December.
For more information please see Note 2-p) and, Note 21 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income Tax
In 2009, a tax reform was authorized by which, as of 2010, the tax rate was increased from 19.0% to 21.0% in the simplified regime and from 28.0% to 30.0% in the general regime. Therefore, in fiscal year 2011 and beyond the income tax rate was 21.0% for the simplified regime and 30.0% for the general regime.
The income tax rate for OK Foods was 38.79%.
See Note 21-a) of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Flat Rate Business Tax (or IETU)
The IETU was published on October 1, 2007 and it came into effect on January 1, 2008. Currently the IETU rate is 17.5%, based on cash flows, and limits certain deductions. The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the income tax to be paid in any given year. To determine the IETU base in a given year, gross income tax (before subtracting deductions) is subtracted from the net income tax (after subtracting deductions), with the difference being the IETU base. If a negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income tax, there will be no IETU payable. Instead, the amount of the negative IETU payable base multiplied by the IETU rate results in an IETU credit, which may be applied against the income tax due for the same year or, if applicable, against any IETU payable in the next ten years. See Note 21-b) of the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Deferred income tax in O.K. Industries
Deferred income tax of OK Industries is included in the consolidated deferred income tax of Bachoco, and relate primarily to the use of the farm price method of accounting for inventories for tax purposes and certain self-insurance and other accruals and reserves, as well as temporary differences between financial statement and tax return recognition of certain inventory costs, sales and other amounts resulting from the previous use of the cash basis of accounting for income tax purposes by the subsidiary’s agricultural production operations, as well as differences in basis and depreciation methods used on certain assets.
Use of Estimates and Judgments in Certain Accounting Policies
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
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Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the facts and circumstances that support a change in estimates occur and in any future periods affected.
Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized is included in the following notes to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements:
• Note 10 – valuation of financial instruments
• Note 11 – allowance for doubtful accounts
• Note 12 – inventories
• Note 13 – biological assets
• Note 15 – assets available for sale
• Note 16 – useful lives of property, plant and equipment
• Note 21 – deferred income tax assets
• Note 22 – measurement defined labor obligation
The information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates having a significant risk of an material adjustment in the next year is included in the note to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements below:
• Note 28 – contingencies.
Allowance for Productivity Declines
The Company records the necessary allowances to recognize declines in the value of its inventory impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the items that are part of inventory may be lower than their carrying value
Inventory Valuation
Inventory is measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventory is based on the average costs, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring such inventory, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Cost of sales represents cost of inventory at the time of sale, plus, if applicable, any reductions in the net realizable value of inventory during the year.
Agriculture
Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs of sale, with any change therein recognized as profit or loss. Costs of sale include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets. The Company’s biological assets consist of hens in production, laying and breeder hens, incubatable eggs and breeder pigs.
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When the fair value cannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, the assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation and any cumulative impairment loss.
Cumulative impairment loss in productivity of poultry and breeder swine is estimated based on the future expected life and determined on a straight-line basis.
The agricultural products obtained from biological assets are live chicken, processed chicken, commercial eggs and swine available for sale, which are recognized as inventory in the statement of financial position.
The Company is exposed to financial risks related to changes in chicken price. The Company does not expect a significant drop in chicken price in the future; therefore, it has not entered into any financial derivative agreement or contract for managing the risk related to a decrease in chicken price.
The Company reviews the chicken prices frequently so as to evaluate the need for having financial instrument, to manage such risk. The biological assets were classified in current and non-current assets, based on their availability and business cycle.
Measurement and monitoring of accounts receivable
The Company has a policy in place whereby an allowance for doubtful accounts is established for balances of accounts which are likely to be recovered. For establishing the required reserve, the Company considers historical losses in evaluating the current market conditions as well as the financial condition of customers, accounts receivable in dispute, price differences, the aging of the portfolio and present payment patterns.
See Note 3-i) of our Audited Consolidated financial Statements for more detail.
Pension Plan
Benefit plan in Mexican operations
Bachoco has a retirement plan in which non-union workers in Mexico participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement. This plan includes:
- | Defined contribution plan. A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that is due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value. |
- | Defined benefit plan. A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded only by contributions made by the Company and is intended to satisfy the Company’s labor obligations to employees. |
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Benefit plan in U.S. operations
Bachoco USA maintains a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation.
See Note 22 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements, for more detail regarding pension plan for Bachoco’s employees either in Mexico and the U.S.
B. | Liquidity and Capital Resources |
We are a holding company with no significant operations of our own. Our principal sources of liquidity are:
- | The sales of our products through our subsidiaries in the Mexican and U.S. markets; |
- | Credit lines we use from time to time; as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the unused credit lines of the Company totaled Ps. 2,664.9 and Ps. 2,257.9 million respectively. The Company did not pay any commission or charge for the unused credits. |
- | The current local bond issue program available until August 2017. For more details please refer to Item 12 (“Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities”) of this Annual Report. |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents | Ps. | 4,177.2 | Ps. | 3,036.4 | Ps. | 5,141.5 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 3,967.9 | 2,625.7 | 4,179.5 | |||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 209.3 | 410.7 | 962.0 | |||||||||
Acid test ratio(1) | 2.9 | x | 1.4 | x | 1.8 | x |
(1) Our acid test ratio is computed by dividing current assets less inventories by current liabilities
In 2012, cash and equivalents totaled Ps. 5,141.5 million, a 69.3% increase from the Ps. 3,036.4 million recorded in 2011. The increase is mainly due to our strong operating results as well as cash resulting from our local bond issuance.
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable | Ps. | 1,436.5 | Ps. | 2,235.2 | Ps. | 2,220.6 |
Accounts receivable had a slight decrease, 0.7% when compared to 2011, our collection rate showed significant improvement during the same period.
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Trade payable and other accounts payable | Ps. | 1,966.0 | Ps. | 2,921.4 | Ps. | 3,445.2 |
In 2012, accounts payable increased 17.9% when compared to 2011, mainly attributed to increases in the costs of raw materials and the increase in our production volume which also lead to increases in our overall costs of sales. These cost increase in turn led to increase in our accounts payable.
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TOTAL DEBT | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total Debt: | Ps. | 646.9 | Ps. | 1,837.4 | Ps. | 2,723.7 | ||||||
Short-term debt (1) | 139.9 | 1,453.0 | 1,197.1 | |||||||||
Long-term debt (2) | 507.1 | 384.4 | 26.6 | |||||||||
Long-term debt (Local bond issue) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1,500.0 |
(1) | Includes notes payable to banks and current portion of long-term debt. |
(2) | Does not include current portion of long-term debt. |
As of December 31, 2012, total debt was Ps. 2,723.7 million, an increase of 48.2% when compared to the Ps. 1,837.4 million recorded as of December 31, 2011. This increase was mainly a result of our local bond issuance of Ps. 1,500.0 million in the second quarter of 2012. The bonds issued have an interest rate of 28-day TIIE, offering a yield of TIIE + 0.60% to investors. The funds obtained were used primarily used to pre-pay certain outstanding debt, some of which was previously incurred in the context of our acquisition of OK Foods.
For details of maturity of our debt and the prevailing interest rates, see Note 18 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
The following table is a reconciliation of Net debt to Total Debt as of the dates indicated.
NET DEBT TO TOTAL DEBT | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total Debt | Ps. | 646.9 | Ps. | 1,837.4 | Ps. | 2,723.7 | ||||||
(-) Total cash and equivalents (1) | 4,177.2 | 3,036.4 | 5,141.5 | |||||||||
(=) Net debt | (3,530.3 | ) | (1,199.0 | ) | (2,417.8 | ) |
(1) | Includes primary financial instruments |
WORKING CAPITAL | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Working capital: | Ps. | 3,333.6 | Ps. | 4,872.9 | Ps. | 5,707.0 | ||||||
Current assets less cash and equivalents | 5,360.5 | 7,872.9 | 9,240.3 | |||||||||
Current liabilities less short-term debt | 2,026.9 | 3,000.0 | 3,533.3 | |||||||||
Current assets to current liabilities ratio (1) | 2.6 | x | 2.6 | x | 2.6 | x |
(1) Ratio is computed by dividing current assets less cash and equivalents by current liabilities less short-term debt.
Our working capital increased by 17.1% in 2012 as compared to 2011, mainly due to an increase in our accounts receivable, inventories of raw materials and final and in process inventories. This increase was partially offset by the increase in our accounts payable.
We believe that our current level of working capital is sufficient for the regular course of our operations. Nevertheless, our working capital needs may be susceptible to change, as they depend mainly on the cost of our main raw materials which affect or inventory cost, and on the level of accounts payable.
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CAPITAL EXPENDITURES | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Capital expenditures | Ps. | 707.5 | Ps. | 951.8 |
Most of the capital investments in 2012 and 2011 were financed with resources generated from our own operations.
In 2011 we made capital expenditures of Ps. 707.5 million, to implement new technologies in the processing plants located in Coatzacoalcos, Culiacan and Celaya. Additionally, in Celaya we built a water treatment plant and updated our transportation fleet.
In 2012, we made capital expenditures of Ps. 951.8 million, and were used for the replacement of our transportation fleet, the completion of certain expansion projects and the implementation of productivity projects across all of our facilities in both the U.S. and Mexico.
OPERATING LEASES | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Operating leases | Ps. | 188.2 | Ps. | 194.1 |
We entered into operating leases for certain offices, production sites, computer equipment, and vehicles. These agreements have terms ranging between one and five years and some of them contain renewal options.
See Note 24 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Financial Instruments
In the normal course of our business, we use various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.
The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.
A strong variation in the exchange rates between the peso and the dollar could affect our financial results, as a greater percentage of our sales are made in pesos, and a large percentage of our purchases of raw material are made in dollars.
We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments.
As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.
We have followed different strategies with respect to derivatives which involved call and put options in U.S. dollars. Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.
See Note 10 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
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LIABILITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY | ||||||||||||
As of January 1, | As of December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Short-term liabilities in foreign currency(1) | Ps. | 0.0 | Ps. | 1,047.8 | Ps. | 643.5 |
(1) The foreign currency is dollars.
In 2012 and 2011 our bank debt denominated in U.S. dollars was Ps. 643.5 and Ps. 1,047.8 million pesos respectively, at an interest rate of 1.06% in 2012 and 0.8702% in 2011.
Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies. For more details see Note 18 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
C. | Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc. |
None.
D. | Trend Information |
Our demand and prices continues depending mainly on supply and demand in both markets, Mexico and U.S. and no new effect has been identify, additionally to those effects present in the past.
Cost of our main raw materials is subject to level of inventories available, as it occurred in past periods and no disruption new technology is foresee in the near future.
E. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements |
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements of the type that we are required to disclose under this Item.
F. | Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations |
Our major categories of indebtedness included the following:
- | As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we had Ps. 115.6 and Ps. 175.2 million in current installments of long-term debt respectively. |
- | Long-term debt to banks, excluding the current installments of long-term debt as of December 31, 2012 was Ps. 26.6 million plus an additional Ps. 1,500.0 million as a result of our local bond issuance, while long-term debt to banks in 2011, excluding the current installments of long-term debt, totaled Ps. 384.4 million. |
- | The weighted average interest rates on long-term debt, excluding the local bond issuance, for 2012 and 2011 were 5.40% and 5.58% respectively. |
See Note 18-b) of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
The Company has certain leases related to operating assets, including farms and administrative offices. The following table summarizes long-term debt as of December 31, 2012. The table does not include current installments of long-term debt, accounts payable or pension liabilities.
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS | ||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of pesos | Total | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | Ps. | 1,526.6 | 16.4 | 7.7 | 2.5 | 1,500.0 | ||||||||||||||
Operating leases | Ps. | 203.4 | 56.1 | 38.8 | 22.1 | 18.7 |
Operating leases for 2013 are Ps. 67.8 and current installments of long term debt are Ps. 115.6 millions.
The Company’s future minimum rental payments required under its operating leases having an initial or remaining non-cancellable lease term in excess of one year as of December 31, 2012, and for each of the five succeeding years, are as follows:
OPERATING LEASES | |||||||||||||||||||||||
In millions of pesos | Total | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |||||||||||||||||
Operating Leases | Ps. | 130.9 | 31.9 | 31.9 | 31.9 | 17.6 | 17.6 |
G. | Safe Harbor |
Not applicable.
ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A. | Directors and Senior Management |
Directors
The Board of Directors is responsible for the management of our business. The Board of Directors consists of an odd number of directors, never fewer than five, and corresponding alternate directors, each of whom is elected for a term of one year.
Alternate directors are authorized to serve on the Board of Directors in place of directors who are unable to attend meetings or otherwise participate in the activities of the Board of Directors.
Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert of the Company from April 27, 2011 until his death on April 18, 2012.
On August 22, 2012, Mr. Humberto Schwarzbeck was elected as Interim President of the Audit and Corporate Governance Committee. Later on April 24, 2013 during the Annual stockholders meeting, Mr. Shwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee.
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At our annual stockholders’ meeting held on April 24, 2013, we ratified the membership of our Board of Directors, which is composed of the following members:
MEMBERS OF THE BOARD | |||
Year of Birth | Member since | ||
Chairman of the Board and Proprietary Shareholder Director: | |||
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo | 1953 | 1982 | |
Proprietary Shareholder Directors: | |||
Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo | 1958 | 2008 | |
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz | 1951 | 1994 | |
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz | 1957 | 2002 | |
Arturo Bours Griffith | 1955 | 1994 | |
Octavio Robinson Bours | 1952 | 1997 | |
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa | 1954 | 1994 | |
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez | 1965 | 1994 | |
Alternate Directors: | |||
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo | 1956 | 1994 | |
Jose Francisco Bours Griffith | 1950 | 1994 | |
Guillermo Pineda Cruz | 1948 | 1994 | |
Gustavo Luders Becerril | 1953 | 2011 | |
Independent Directors: | |||
Avelino Fernandez Salido | 1938 | 2003 | |
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega | 1954 | 2003 | |
Secretary of the Board: | |||
Eduardo Rojas Crespo | 1969 | 2008 |
Honorary Members of the Board
Enrique Robinson Bours Almada , Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada , and Juan Bautista Salvador Robinson Bours are co-founders of the Company and Honorary members of the board.
The following table identifies the relationships among members of each of the four Bours families:
Cousins | in law-related | |
Brothers: · Arturo Bours Griffith · Octavio Robinson Bours · Jose Francisco Bours Griffith |
||
Brothers: · Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz · Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz |
· Guillermo Pineda Cruz | |
Brothers: · Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo · Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo · Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo |
||
· Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez |
· Ricardo Aguirre Borboa · Gustavo Luders Becerril |
Our bylaws provide for the creation of an executive committee of the Board of Directors, which may exercise certain of the Board’s powers in full, subject to certain limitations.
Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo, Chairman of the Board of Directors since 2002. Before his election as Chairman, he was Vice-Chairman for several years. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores Monterrey (ITESM). He currently serves as Chairman of the Boards of Directors of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Inmobiliaria Trento S.A. de C.V., Agriexport S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.
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Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2008. He previously served as Systems Manager. Mr. Bours, holds a degree in Computer Engineering from the ITESM. He currently serves as member of the Board of the following companies: Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Congeladora Horticola, S.A. de C.V., Acuicola Boca, S.A. de C.V., Industrias Boca, S.A. de C.V. and Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V. He is also Chairman of Fundacion Mexicana para el Desarrollo Rural del Valle del Yaqui and the ITESM in Obregon.
Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has previously worked in Bachoco as Production Director and Divisional Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Engineering from the University of Arizona. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of San Luis Corporacion S.A. de C.V., and Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.
Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 2002. Mr. Robinson Bours previously served in the Company as Production Manager in the Northwest and Bajio divisions, Commercial Manager in Northwest Division and Purchasing Manager at the Bajio Division. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the University of Arizona. He has business experience in agriculture and raising livestock with Agricola Monte Cristo S.A. de C.V., Agricola Rio Yaqui S.P.R. de R.L., Agricola Nacapul S.P.R. de R.L., Ganadera Cocoreña S.P.R. de R.L. and Chairman of the Board of the Cultural Center of Cocorit, A.C.
Arturo Bours Griffith, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. Mr. Bours Griffith completed professional studies at the University of Arizona. He is also Chairman of the board of Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V., and a member of the board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V., Centro de Servicios Empresariales del Noreste, S.A. de C.V., and Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V.
Octavio Robinson Bours, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1997. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He has experience in producing swine, and is also a member of the board of Choya, S.A. de C.V., and runs a business of agriculture and aquaculture.
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He is also a member of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices of Bachoco. Mr. Aguirre holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM. He is member of the Board of Directors of: the newspaper El Debate, Tepeyac Produce, Inc., Servicios del Valle del Fuerte, S.A. de C.V., Agrobo, S.A. de C.V., Agricola Santa Veneranda, S.P.R. de R.L., Colegio Mochis, Grupo Financiero Banamex, in Sinaloa, and Director of Granja Rab, S.A. de C.V.
Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez, Proprietary Shareholder Director since 1994. He has served Bachoco as Purchasing Manager. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. His other appointments include Chairman of the board and CEO of Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. and member of the Board of Megacable Holdings, S.A.B. de C.V.
Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo, member of the Board since 1994. Mr. Robinson is an alternate Director for Mr. Francisco Javier R. Bours Castelo and Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo. Mr. Robinson Bours holds a degree in Industrial Engineering from the ITESM. He was previously Commercial Director of Industrias Bachoco, a Senator of the Mexican Congress and was governor of the state of Sonora.
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Jose Francisco Bours Griffith, Alternate Director of Mr. Octavio Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith, since 1994. Mr. Bours holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara. Mr. Robinson Bours has worked at Bachoco as Engineering Manager. He is currently dedicated to agricultural operations and has run an aquaculture farm for nine years.
Guillermo Pineda Cruz, Alternate Director of Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours and Mr. Arturo Bours Griffith since 1994. Mr. Pineda holds a degree in Civil Engineering from the ITESM and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of Banamex and was a regional member of the Board of Directors of Grupo Financiero Serfin, Inverlat and InverMexico. He co-founded Edificadora PiBo, S.A. de C.V. and has been its President and CEO since 1983.
Gustavo Luders Becerril, Alternate Director of Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez and Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa, was named Alternate Director during the annual general meeting held in April 2011. Mr. Luders holds an Accounting degree from the ITESM. He is a farmer; he has served as Chairman of the Agricultural and Industrial Union Credit of the Yaqui Valley, Chairman of the Company Citricola Yaqui, and as Agent of citrus products in the Sonora state region.
Avelino Fernandez Salido, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He is also a member of the board of Banamex, and BBVA Bancomer. He is also Chairman of the Board of the following companies: Grupo Cajeme Motors, S.A. de C.V., Navojoa Motors, S.A. de C.V., Turymayo S.A. de C.V. and Gasolineras Turymayo S.A. de C.V. His business experience is in the marketing of grains.
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega, Independent Director, is member of the board since 2003. He holds a degree in economics from the ITESM. He is currently CEO of Yeso Industrial de Navojoa S.A. de C.V. Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 24, 2013.
Eduardo Rojas Crespo was named Secretary of the Board of Directors in 2008. He holds a Law Degree from the UNAM. He also holds a post-graduate diploma in Environmental Law and Due Diligence, and a Specialty as well as a Master's Degree, both in Corporate Law; these three from the Anahuac University. Mr. Rojas has worked for Bachoco since 2004 as our Chief Legal Officer. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Rojas worked for 10 years as the Chief Legal Officer of Grupo Fimex.
Cristobal Gustavo Mondragon Fragoso was Related Proprietary Director from April 25, 2011 to the day of his death on January 7, 2013. Mr. Mondragon joined Bachoco in 1982 and was Chief Executive Officer since 2001 to October 2010. Previously, Mr. Mondragon served in Bachoco as Administration Manager, as Manager of Corporate Finance and as Chief Financial Officer.
Honorary members
Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours Almada, Chairman of the Board and co-founder of the Company, he retired in April 2002. Mr. Bours led the Company for 50 years. The Board named as Mr. Javier Robinson Bours Castelo, Mr. Enrique Robinson Bours’s nephew, as his successor.
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Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada, member of the Board of Directors, retired in April 2008, and was named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholder Director. On the same date, the Board named Mr. Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo as a Proprietary Shareholder Director in the place of Mr. Mario Javier Robinson Bours Almada.
Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada, Mr. Bours was co-founder of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and a Proprietary Shareholder Director for 57 years. Mr. Bours got retired in April 2011 and named as a Life Honorary Propriety Shareholders Director. On the same date the Board named Mr. Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez as a Propriety Shareholders Director in the place of Mr. Juan Bautista S. Robinson Bours Almada.
Executive Officers
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS | ||||
Name | Position | Year of Birth | ||
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu | Chief Executive Officer | 1957 | ||
Paul Fox | Chief Executive Officer, U.S. Operations | 1966 | ||
Daniel Salazar Ferrer | Chief Financial Officer | 1964 | ||
David Gastelum Cazares | Director of Sales | 1951 | ||
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe | Director of Personnel | 1947 | ||
Ernesto Salmon Castelo | Director of Operations | 1962 | ||
Andres Morales Astiazaran | Director of Marketing and modern Segments sales | 1968 | ||
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano | Comptroller Director | 1955 | ||
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez | Director of Purchasing | 1956 |
Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu, Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Ramos joined us in 1980 and, he was named as Chief Executive Officer in November 2010. Previously, Mr. Ramos served Bachoco as its Technical Director since 1992 and also held positions in the Egg Quality Control Training Program and in Poultry Management as well as serving as Supervisor of the Commercial Egg Production Training Program, Manager of Raw Material Purchasing and as a Director of Production. Ramos holds a degree in Agricultural Engineering from the ITESM.
Paul Fox, CEO, U.S. Operations. Paul joined us in 2012 shortly after we acquired our U.S. operations. Paul started his career with Tyson Foods serving in domestic and international leadership positions during 17 years prior to serving as a private equity CEO and Managing Director with Marfrig. Mr. Fox received a BS in Animal Science from Missouri State University and MS in Leadership and Ethics from John Brown University.
Daniel Salazar Ferrer, Chief Financial Officer. He joined us in 2000 and assumed his current position in January 2003. Previously, Mr. Salazar worked for four years as Chief Financial Officer at Grupo Covarrubias and as Comptroller at Negromex, a company of Grupo Desc. Mr. Salazar holds an Accounting degree from Universidad Tecnologica de Mexico and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM, and Diploma from the IPADE (D1).
David Gastelum Cazares, Director of Sales. He joining us in 1979 and assumed his current position in 1992. Previously, Mr. Gastelum served as a pullet salesman in the states of Sonora and Sinaloa, National Sales Manager of Live Animals and Eggs, Manager of the Northwest Division, Manager of the Mexico City Division and National Sales Manager. Before joining us, Mr. Gastelum worked at La Hacienda, S.A. de C.V. as Technical Advisor and as Area Officer for the Southeast Division. Mr. Gastelum holds a degree in Veterinary Medicine from the school of Veterinary Medicine of the UNAM.
Jose Luis Lopez Lepe, Director of Personnel since 1993, before joining us Mr. Lopez worked as a teacher in several institutions, and also worked with Grupo Condumex, where he was Director of Personnel. Mr. Lopez holds a degree in Physics and Chemistry from the Escuela Normal Superior and a degree in Business Administration from Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico.
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Ernesto Salmon Castelo, Director of Operations, joined us in 1991 and assumed his current position in 2000. Previously, Mr. Salmon worked for Gamesa, S.A. de C.V. and for us as Sales Manager in Sonora, Northwestern Distribution Manager, Manager of the Processing Plant in Celaya, Southeastern Division Manager and Bajio Division Manager. Mr. Salmon holds a degree in Chemical Engineering from Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora and a master’s degree in Business Administration from the ITESM.
Andres Morales Astiazaran, Director of Marketing and Modern Segment Sales (Value-added Products) since July 2006. Before joining us, Mr. Morales worked for 4 years as Sales and Marketing Vice President in Smithfield Foods, a U.S. Company with offices in Sonora, Mexico. Previously Mr. Morales worked for Bachoco as Marketing Manager, Manager of the Northeast division and then as National Manager of Bachoco. Mr. Morales holds an accounting degree from the ITESM and attended marketing courses at Northwestern University, the University of Chicago, the ITESM and the IPADE (D1).
Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, Comptroller Director since March 2009. Before joining Bachoco, Mr. Esparza worked for more than 25 years in the pharmaceutical industry for three multinational companies. During that time, Mr. Esparza managed and directed every area within Finance and Administration as Accounting Manager, Tax Manager Comptroller, Financial Planning Director and Finance Director. Mr. Esparza holds a degree in public accounting and several post-graduate diplomas in Business Administration, Economics and Direction of Enterprises from universities such as Instituto Politecnico Nacional, University of California at Berkeley, the ITESM, University of Almeria Spain and the IPADE.
Alejandro Elias Calles Gutierrez, was named purchasing Director in 2010. Mr. Calles joined Bachoco in January 2010 as Manager of Purchasing. Previously Mr. Calles worked as the CEO of “Agroinsumos Cajeme,” Chairman of the Board of the “Distrito de Riego” in the Yaqui River, Secretary of the SAGARPA in the state of Sonora, and Leader of the Secretaries of SAGARPA in Mexico and Manager of the leasing department of Inverlat. Mr. Calles holds a degree in Agronomy from the ITESM.
B. | Compensation |
The table below sets forth the aggregate compensation paid to our directors and executive officers, for services they rendered in their respective capacities, for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011.
TOTAL COMPENSATIONS | As of December 31, | |||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Compensation, net (in millions) | Ps. | 44.4 | Ps. | 39.3 |
C. | Board Practices |
We do not have any special agreements or contracts with any member of our board. All of our board members are subject to the specific expiration dates of their current terms of office.
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Audit and Corporate Practices Committee
The mandate of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable and accurately reflects our financial position. In particular, pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, among others, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee must do the following:
- | Submit an annual report to the Board of Directors; |
- | Inform the Board of Directors of the current condition of the internal controls and internal auditing system of the Company or of the entities it controls, including any irregularities detected; |
- | Require the relevant directors and other employees of the Company, or of the entities it controls, to provide reports relative to the preparation of the financial information or any other kind of reports or information it deems appropriate to perform its duties; |
- | Receive observations formulated by shareholders, Board members, relevant officers, employees and, in general, any third party with regard to the matters under the Audit Committee duties, as well as carry out the actions that, in its judgment, may be appropriate in connection with such observations; |
- | Inform the Board of Directors of any material irregularities detected as a result of the performance of its duties and, as applicable, inform the Board of Directors of the corrective actions taken, or otherwise propose the actions that should be taken; |
- | Call Shareholders Meetings and cause the items it deems pertinent to be inserted into the agendas of such Shareholders’ Meetings; and |
- | Assist the Board of Directors in selecting candidates for audit and reviewing the scope and terms of the auditor’s engagement, as well as evaluate the performance of the entity that provides the external auditing services and analyze the report, opinions, statements and other information prepared and signed by the external auditor. |
Mr. Avelino Fernandez was the President of the Audit Committee from April 2007 until April 2011, when Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix succeeded him to the Presidency.
Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix was President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee and Financial Expert of the Company from April 27, 2011 until his death on April 18, 2012.
On August 22, 2012, Mr. Humberto Schwarzbeck was elected as Interim President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee. Later, during the stockholders meeting that took place on April 24, 2013, Mr. Schwarzbeck was elected as President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, which
is composed of the following members:
AUDIT AND CORPORATE PRACTICES COMMITTEE
Name | Position | Member since | ||
Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega | President | 2003 | ||
Ricardo Aguirre Borboa | Member | 2003 | ||
Avelino Fernandez Salido | Member | 2003 |
Mr. Ricardo Aguirre Borboa represents the controlling shareholders and has no voting rights in the audit committee.
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D. | Employees |
The Company has employees in Mexico and the United States.
In 2012, around 59.0% of our employees in Mexico were members of labor unions in our operations in Mexico. As of March 2013 and the date of this annual report, labor relations with our employees in Mexico are governed by 52 separate collective labor agreements, each relating to a different group of employees and negotiated on behalf of each such group by a different labor union.
In general, we believe that we have good relations with our employees. We have not experienced significant work stoppages as a result of labor problems.
As is typical in Mexico, wages are renegotiated every year while other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated every two years. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a pension and savings plan.
In our U.S. operations none of our employees are members of labor unions. As of the date of this Annual Report labor relations with our U.S. employees are not governed by any collective labor bargaining agreements
As is typical in the U.S., wages and other terms and conditions of employment are renegotiated periodically. We seek to attract dependable and responsible employees to train at each of our plants and facilities. We offer our employees attractive salary and benefit packages, including a health insurance and a retirement savings plan.
WORKFORCE | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total employees: | 23,473 | 25,326 | 25,281 | |||||||||
in Mexico | 23,473 | 22,473 | 22,048 | |||||||||
In the U.S. | - | 2,853 | 3,233 |
E. | Share Ownership |
To the best of our knowledge, no individual director or manager holds Shares of the Company. At this time, we have not developed a share options plan for our employees.
ITEM 7. | Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions |
Before September 2006, our Common Stocks consisted of 450,000,000 Series B Shares and 150,000,000 Series L Shares. Holders of Series B Shares were entitled to one vote at any general meeting of our stockholders for each Series B Share held. Holders of Series L Shares were entitled to one vote for each Series L Share held, but only with respect to certain matters. We had UBL Units consisting of one Series B Share and one Series L Share and B Units consisting in two Series B Shares.
During the extraordinary meeting held on April 26, 2006 Shareholders approved the Company’s plan to convert the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, with full voting rights, as well as the dissolution of UBL and UBB Units into their components Shares.
This process was completed in September 2006, and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units trading on the Mexican Exchange into their component Shares and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, thereby creating a single share class, the Series B Shares. These Shares are trading on the Mexican stock market. The ADR which trade on the NYSE still consist of twelve underlying Shares, but they are all Series B Shares, with full voting rights.
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A. | Major Shareholders |
The Robinson Bours family owns the 82.75% of the total shares outstanding of the Company. They have established two Mexican trusts (“Control Trust” and “Family Trust”) that together held 496,500,000 Shares outstanding as of the date of this Annual Report.
As of December 31, 2012, from the 100.0% of the total Shares of the Company, there were approximately 45 shareholders in the NYSE (there are no significant changes as of March 31, 2013).
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total free float shares | 103,500,000 | 103,500,000 | 103,500,000 | |||||||||
ADRs outstanding at the NYSE(1) | 6,740,949 | 6,071,748 | 4,560,699 | |||||||||
Percentage of shares over free float | 65.1 | % | 70.4 | % | 52.9 | % |
(1) According to our Depositary Bank (The Bank of New York Mellon).
We estimate that the difference between total shares outstanding at the NYSE and the total free float represents the shares trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange.
According to most recent information providing by Stock houses at the date of our 2012 Bachoco’s stockholders Annual meeting, we accounted with 306 Shareholders at the BMV.
The following table sets forth the Company’s main shareholders, which held 1.0% or more of the total shares of the Company, as of December 31, 2013.
Shares(1) | Position | Country | ||||||||
Control Trust | 312,000,000 | 52.00 | % | Mexico | ||||||
Family Trust | 184,500,000 | 30.75 | % | Mexico | ||||||
Royce & Associates LLC | 20,868,816 | 3.5 | % | U.S. | ||||||
River Road Asset Management LLC | 8,551,572 | 1.4 | % | U.S. |
(1) All shares B Class with full voting rights.
As of March 31, 2013 there have been no significant changes in the composition of the Company’s main shareholders.
B. | Related Party Transactions |
It is our policy not to engage in any transaction with or for the benefit of any stockholder or member of the Board of Directors, or any entity controlled by such a person or in which such a person has a substantial economic interest, unless (i) the transaction is related to our business and (ii) the price and other terms are at least as favorable to us as those that could be obtained on an arm’s-length basis from a third party.
We have engaged in a variety of transactions with entities owned by members of the Robinson Bours family, all of which we believe were consistent with this policy and not material to our business and results of operations.
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We expect to engage in similar transactions in the future. All of these transactions are described below:
- | We regularly purchase vehicles and related equipment from distributors owned by various members of the Robinson Bours family. The distribution of vehicles and related equipment is a highly competitive aspect of business in the areas in which we operate. We are not dependent on affiliated distributors and are able to ensure that the pricing and service we obtain from affiliated distributors are competitive with those available from other suppliers. |
- | The Robinson Bours Stockholders also own Taxis Aereos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V., an air transport company that provides transportation for members of the Board of Directors to and from meetings at our headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato in Mexico. |
- | We purchased feed and packaging materials from enterprises owned by Robinson Bours Stockholders, the family of Enrique Robinson Bours and the family of Juan Bautista Robinson Bours. |
- | We also have accounts payable to related parties. These transactions took place among companies owned by the same set of stockholders. |
Neither we nor our subsidiaries have loaned any money to any of our directors or officers, controlling shareholders or entities controlled by these parties.
EXPENSES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH RELATED PARTIES | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Purchases of feed and packaging materials | Ps. | 477.3 | Ps. | 608.5 | ||||
Purchases of vehicles and related equipment | 145.3 | 129.8 | ||||||
Air Transportation Services | 10.1 | 10.1 |
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE TO RELATED PARTIES | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Accounts payable to related parties | Ps. | 78.5 | Ps. | 88.0 |
See Note 20 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail regarding income and expenses incurred in connection with third parties transactions.
C. | Interests of Experts and Counsel |
Not applicable.
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ITEM 8. Financial Information
A. | Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information |
Our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Item 18 of this Annual Report. The Audited Consolidated Financial Statements were audited by an independent registered public accounting firm and are accompanied by their audit reports.
The Auditors
In 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors, as per the Audit Committee’s recommendation, approved the selection of KPMG Cardenas Dosal S.C. (or “KPMG”) as the Company’s independent auditor. The Board of Directors has ratified the appointment of KPMG in the subsequent years.
Accounting Policies
In accordance with the requirements of CNBV, effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements, and for comparison purposes, our financial statements as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and the opening balance as of January 1, 2011 were converted from MFRS to IFRS to make them comparable to our consolidated financial statements for fiscal year 2012.
Bachoco prepared its opening balance sheet under IFRS as of January 1, 2011, following the guidance set forth by IFRS 1, First time adoption (“IFRS 1”). The options selected by Bachoco in the migration to IFRS and the effects on its opening statement of financial position as of January 1, 2011, according to IFRS 1, as well as the effects on its statement of financial position as of December 31, 2011, and its statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011, as compared to Bachoco’s previously reported amounts under MFRS, are described in note 33 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this annual report.
See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of principal accounting policies that apply to us, as well as Note 33 with principal changes in the transition process to IFRS.
Legal Proceedings
We are a party to certain legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that none of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial positions and consolidated results of operations.
Dividends Policy
Pursuant to Mexican law and our bylaws, the declaration, amount and payment of annual dividends are determined by a majority vote of the shareholders, generally but not necessarily on the recommendation of the Board of Directors.
At the Company's annual shareholder's meeting held on April 24, 2013, the Board of Directors approved a cash dividend payment of Ps. 0.5840 per share or Ps. 7.008 per ADR to be paid in two equal installments in the months of May and July of 2013.
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DIVIDENDS | ||||||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
2010 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Total dividends paid | Ps. | 250.1 | Ps. | 299.9 | Ps. | 299.2 | ||||||
Dividend paid per Share (in pesos) | 0.42 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |||||||||
Dividends paid per ADR (in pesos) | 5.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
Although there can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of future dividends, we expect to pay an annual dividend pro rata to holders of outstanding Shares in an amount of approximately 20.0% of the prior year’s net income. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend on our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors and the shareholders, including debt instruments which may limit our ability to pay dividends.
Because we are a holding company with no significant operations of our own, we will have distributable profits and cash to pay dividends only to the extent that we receive dividends from our subsidiaries, principally BSACV. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will pay dividends or of the amount of any such dividends. BSACV, our principal operating subsidiary, could, in the future, enter into loan agreements containing covenants whose terms limit its ability to pay dividends under certain circumstances.
Mexican law requires that 5.0% of our net income each year be allocated to a legal reserve fund until such fund reaches an amount equal to at least 20.0% of our capital stock. Mexican corporations may pay dividends only out of earnings (including retained earnings after all losses have been absorbed or paid up) and only after such allocation to the legal reserve fund. The Company complies with this requirement and it is able to distribute dividends.
B. | Significant Changes |
In January, 2009, the CNBV published certain amendments to the Rules for Public Companies and other participants in the Mexican Securities Market that require public companies to report financial information in accordance with the IFRS issued by the IASB, effective as of January 1st 2012. On January 1, 2012, we adopted IFRS, meeting the CNBV requirements.
See Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of principal accounting policies that apply to us, as well as Note 33 with principal changes in the transition process to IFRS.
ITEM 9. The Offer and Listing
A. | Offer and Listing Details |
We trade with fully registered shares, since 1997. The Company trades in the NYSE and the BMV with one single class of shares, with full rights.
On the NYSE, we trade through ADRs, with full registration, level 3, and each of our ADRs represents twelve shares. Our Depositary Bank is the Bank of New York Mellon.
The following tables set forth the high, low and close prices of the Shares on the BMV and NYSE, reported by these companies, for each of the periods indicated.
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SHARE PRICES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mexican Stock Exchange | The New York Stock Exchange | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ticker Symbol: Bachoco | Ticker Symbol: IBA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
In nominal pesos per Share | In U.S. Dollar per ADR | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Year | High | Low | Close | High | Low | Close | ||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 30.15 | 14.21 | 15.99 | 33.34 | 12.75 | 14.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009 | 26.00 | 11.85 | 25.00 | 23.16 | 9.03 | 23.00 | ||||||||||||||||||
2010 | 26.99 | 18.40 | 25.55 | 26.10 | 17.01 | 24.19 | ||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 27.86 | 20.30 | 22.30 | 28.75 | 17.40 | 19.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
2012 | 30.13 | 20.59 | 30.13 | 27.97 | 18.86 | 27.92 | ||||||||||||||||||
Quarter | High | Low | Close | High | Low | Close | ||||||||||||||||||
1Q-2011 | 27.84 | 25.00 | 27.53 | 28.00 | 24.20 | 27.97 | ||||||||||||||||||
2Q-2011 | 27.86 | 23.66 | 23.66 | 28.75 | 24.10 | 24.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
3Q-2011 | 25.87 | 20.95 | 25.60 | 24.62 | 20.00 | 22.47 | ||||||||||||||||||
4Q-2011 | 25.50 | 20.30 | 22.30 | 22.79 | 17.40 | 19.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
1Q-2012 | 23.30 | 20.59 | 22.50 | 21.55 | 18.86 | 21.06 | ||||||||||||||||||
2Q-2012 | 25.10 | 21.53 | 24.90 | 22.15 | 19.55 | 21.95 | ||||||||||||||||||
3Q-2012 | 26.35 | 24.38 | 25.77 | 24.06 | 21.51 | 24.06 | ||||||||||||||||||
4Q-2012 | 30.13 | 25.35 | 30.13 | 27.97 | 23.50 | 27.92 | ||||||||||||||||||
Month | High | Low | Close | High | Low | Close | ||||||||||||||||||
Oct 2012 | 27.77 | 25.35 | 27.66 | 25.83 | 23.50 | 25.50 | ||||||||||||||||||
Nov 2012 | 28.51 | 27.25 | 28.01 | 26.44 | 25.15 | 26.10 | ||||||||||||||||||
Dec 2012 | 30.13 | 28.01 | 30.13 | 27.97 | 25.99 | 27.92 | ||||||||||||||||||
Jan 2013 | 29.99 | 28.80 | 29.50 | 28.03 | 27.07 | 27.82 | ||||||||||||||||||
Feb 2013 | 32.34 | 28.97 | 31.80 | 30.35 | 27.02 | 30.01 | ||||||||||||||||||
Mar 2013 | 34.27 | 31.82 | 32.92 | 33.89 | 29.91 | 32.12 |
The following tables set forth the total trading volume of our Shares and ADRs on the BMV and NYSE, respectively, for each of the periods indicated.
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TRADING VOLUME OF THE COMPANY’S SHARES
BMV | NYSE | |||||||
In Shares | In ADR | |||||||
Year 2012 | Total Volume | Total Volume | ||||||
2008 | 3,126,800 | 4,194,100 | ||||||
2009 | 4,816,500 | 2,670,400 | ||||||
2010 | 14,527,900 | 2,174,700 | ||||||
2011 | 31,333,000 | 3,338,300 | ||||||
2012 | 44,787,100 | 4,525,400 | ||||||
Quarter | Total Volume | Total Volume | ||||||
1Q-2012 | 13,150,500 | 1,612,300 | ||||||
2Q-2012 | 11,770,400 | 1,047,300 | ||||||
3Q-2012 | 10,025,600 | 910,100 | ||||||
4Q-2012 | 9,840,600 | 955,700 | ||||||
Last 6 months | Total Volume | Total Volume | ||||||
October, 2012 | 1,767,800 | 147,700 | ||||||
November, 2012 | 1,341,100 | 164,000 | ||||||
December, 2012 | 6,731,700 | 644,000 | ||||||
January, 2013 | 1,756,611 | 254,600 | ||||||
February, 2013 | 5,640.990 | 398,135 | ||||||
March, 2013 | 2,681,600 | 318,600 |
Market Maker
On January 24, 2011, the Company announced the hiring of Accival as its market maker in order to promote and increase liquidity of its shares listed on the BMV.
The market maker was traded for two periods of six months and ended its operation on December 24, 2011. Although there was a significant increase in trading volume, the Company decided not to renew a third period with the market maker.
B. | Plan of Distribution |
Not applicable.
C. | Markets |
On September 19, 1997, Bachoco commenced trading on the BMV, and on the NYSE. As of March 31, 2013 there were 4,621,100 ADRs outstanding at the NYSE, It represents 9.2% of the total Shares of the Company or the 53.6% of the free float. Based on these figures, we can assume that the 46.4% remaining is trading at the Mexican Stock Exchange, besides the 82.75% of shares that owns the Robinson Bours Family.
Exchange | Country | Ticker Symbol | Securities | |||
BMV | Mexico | Bachoco | Shares | |||
NYSE | U.S. | IBA | ADR |
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D. | Selling Shareholders |
Not applicable.
E. | Dilution |
Not applicable.
F. | Expenses of the Issue |
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. Additional Information
A. | Share Capital |
Not applicable.
B. | Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Information regarding the memorandum and articles of association are included in our F-1 Form and, an English translation of our bylaws is attached in this annual report, and is incorporated by reference herein and is also available on our web page www.bachoco.com.mx
The discussion set forth below contains information concerning our capital stock and a brief summary of the material provisions of the bylaws and applicable Mexican law. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the bylaws and the applicable provisions of Mexican law.
General
The Company was incorporated on April 17, 1980 as a variable capital corporation (sociedad anonima de capital variable) under the laws of Mexico. To fully comply with Mexican laws, the Company modified its name to Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. (sociedad anonima bursatil de capital variable) in April 2007.
In 1995, our stockholders authorized the issuance of up to 15,525,000 additional Series B Shares and 15,525,000 additional Series L Shares, all constituting fixed capital, to be issued in connection with the global offering of Shares that took place on September 19, 1997 (the “Global Offering”).
On April 21, 1997, we restructured our capital by (i) declaring a four-to-one stock split of the 106,678,125 Series B Shares and 35,559,375 Series L Shares outstanding, (ii) converting 7,762,500 Series L Shares (on a post-split basis) into Series B Shares and (iii) combining all of the 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares outstanding (in each case, on a post-split basis) into 134,475,000 Units and 150,000,000 B Units. Holders of Units were entitled to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares and Series L Shares underlying their Units. Each B Unit consisted of two Series B Shares. B Units entitle the holders thereof to exercise all the rights of holders of the Series B Shares underlying such B Units. Immediately prior to the Global Offering, our outstanding capital stock consisted of 434,475,000 Series B Shares and 134,475,000 Series L Shares, all of which were duly authorized, validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable.
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During the annual shareholders meeting held on April 26, 2006, shareholders approved to proceed with the anticipated conversion of the Series L Shares into Series B Shares, which have full voting rights. This conversion was effective in September 2006 and included two steps: separating the UBL and UBB Units currently trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange into their component Shares, and converting the Series L Shares into Series B Shares (on a one-to-one basis), thereby created a single share class, the Series B Shares, which represents all of our Common Stock.
The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to ensure that the Control Trust will hold at least 51.0% of the Series B Shares at any time outstanding. See “—Foreign Investment Legislation” in this Item.
On April 27, 2011 during the extraordinary Stockholders meeting the Article Two - XII of our bylaws were modified as follows:
Prior language | Current language | |
Produce, transform, adapt, import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind | “Produce, transform, adapt or manufacturing of processed food in package and/or canned and/or in flask, as well as import, export, purchase and sell, under any title, machinery, parts, materials, raw materials, industrial products, goods and merchandise of any kind” |
Note: An English translation of our complete bylaws is attached in this annual report.
Registration and Transfer
Shares are evidenced by certificates in registered form, which may have dividend coupons attached. We maintain a registry and, in accordance with Mexican law, we recognize as stockholders only those holders listed in the stock registry. Stockholders may hold their Shares in the form of physical certificates (which, together with notations made in our stock registry, evidence ownership of the Shares) or through book entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval.
Indeval is the holder of record in respect of Shares held through it. Accounts may be maintained at Indeval by brokerage houses, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV. Ownership of Shares maintained at Indeval is evidenced through Indeval’s records and through lists kept by Indeval participants.
In accordance with Article 130 of the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles (“Mexican Corporations Law”), the Board of Directors must authorize any transfer of stock, or any securities based on such stock, when the number of Shares sought to be transferred in one act or a succession of acts, without limit of time or from one group of interrelated stockholders or stockholders who act in concert, constitutes 10.0% or more of the voting stock issued by the Company. If the Board of Directors refuses to authorize such a transfer, the Board must designate one or more purchasers of the stock, who must pay the interested party the prevailing price on the Mexican Stock Exchange. The Board must issue its resolution within three months of the date on which it receives the relevant request for authorization and in any case, must consider: (i) the criteria that are in the best interests of the Company, the Company’s operations and the long-term vision of the activities of the Company and its Subsidiaries; (ii) that no shareholder of the Company is excluded, other than the person that intends to acquire control of the financial benefits that may result from the application of the terms of this clause; (iii) that the taking of the Control of the Company is not restricted in an absolute manner; (iv) that the provisions of the Securities Market Law, with respect to acquisition public offerings, are not contravened; and (v) that the exercise of the patrimonial rights of the acquirer are not rendered without effect.
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If any person participates in a transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more voting stock of the Company without having obtained the board’s prior approval, they must pay the Company a fine equal to the market value of the Shares.
Any person who participates in an act that violates the terms of Article 130 discussed in the preceding paragraph will be obligated to pay the Company a fine in an amount equal to the value of the Shares owned directly or indirectly by the stockholder, or the value of the Shares involved in the prohibited transaction, if such person does not own Shares issued by the Company. In the case of a prohibited transaction that would have resulted in the acquisition of 10.0% or more of the voting stock of the Company, the fine will be equal to the market value of those Shares, provided that board authorization was not obtained in advance.
According to our bylaws, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors must authorize in writing, by a resolution made at a Board of Directors’ meeting, any change in the control of the Company. Our Board of Directors has the right to decide if a person or a group of persons is acting for the purpose of acquiring control of the Company.
“Control” or “Controlled” means (i) to directly or indirectly impose decisions at the general meetings of shareholders, stockholders or equivalent bodies or to appoint or remove the majority of the directors, managers or equivalent officers; (ii) to hold title to the rights that directly or indirectly allow the exercise of votes with respect to more than fifty percent of the capital stock; or (iii) to directly or indirectly direct the management, the strategy or the principal policies of the Company, whether through the ownership of securities, by contract or otherwise.
Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings
Each share entitles the holder thereof to one vote at any general meeting of the stockholders. Holders are currently entitled to elect all members of the Board of Directors.
Our bylaws provide that the Board of Directors shall consist of at least five members and no more than twenty one. The stockholders also appointed four alternate Shareholder Directors to the Board of Directors.
General stockholders’ meetings may be ordinary or extraordinary meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are meetings called to consider the matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law and the bylaws, including changes in the fixed portion of the capital stock and other amendments to the bylaws, liquidation, merger, transformation from one type of corporate form to another, change in nationality and changes of corporate purposes.
General meetings called to consider all other matters, including election of the directors, are ordinary meetings. An ordinary general meeting of the Company must be held at least annually during the four months following the end of the preceding fiscal year to consider certain matters specified in Article 181 and 182 of the Mexican Corporations Law, including, principally, the election of directors, the approval of the report of the Board of Directors regarding their company’s performance, the Company’s financial statements for the preceding fiscal year and the allocation of the profits and losses of the preceding year, and to approve the transactions that the Company or the entities that the Company controls intend to carry out, in terms of article 47 of the Securities Market Law, in one fiscal year, when such transactions represent 20.0% (twenty percent) or more of the consolidated assets of the Company, based on the figures corresponding to the closing of the immediately preceding quarter, independently of the manner in which such transactions are carried out, whether simultaneously or successively, but which due to their characteristics, may be considered as a single transaction. Holders of Shares may vote at such Meetings.
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Under our bylaws, the quorum on first call for a general ordinary meeting is at least 50%. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called at which action may be taken by a majority of those present, regardless of the number of Shares represented at the meeting. On a second call, Ordinary General Shareholders’ Meetings will be considered validly held regardless of the number of common or ordinary Shares represented therein and the resolutions of such Meetings will be valid when passed by majority vote of the Common Stock therein.
The quorum on first call for a general extraordinary meeting or a special meeting is 75% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting. If a quorum is not available on first call, a second meeting may be called, provided that at least 50% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed in that meeting are represented.
Our bylaws require the approval of holders of at least 95% of the outstanding Shares and the approval of the CNBV for the amendment of the controlling stockholders’ obligation under the bylaws to repurchase Shares and certain other provisions in the event of delisting. See “—Other Provisions—Repurchase in the Event of Delisting.” For more detail, see our bylaws on our webpage at www.bachoco.com.mx. Holders of ADRs are entitled to instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights.
According to our bylaws, stockholders with a right to vote may ask to postpone a vote on any matters on which they believe they do not have enough information as defined by Article 199 of the Mexican Corporation Law. Stockholders with a right to vote, including a limited right to vote, and who hold at least 20% of the capital stock, may legally object to the decisions of a general stockholders’ meeting, with respect to matters in which they have rights, without the percentage established under article 201 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable in such case.
Moreover, holders of shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5% or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action will not be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under articles 161 and 163 of the General Law of Business Entities.
The Board of Directors, or its President or Secretary or the judicial authority, as applicable, must issue notices of calls of Shareholders’ Meetings. In addition, shareholders that jointly or separately represent at least 10% of the capital of the Company may request the President of the Board of Directors or the President of the Audit Committee to call a General Shareholder’s Meeting, without the percentage indicated under article 184 of the General Law of Business Entities being applicable for such purpose. If the notice of meeting is not issued within fifteen days after the date of the corresponding request, a Civil or District Judge of the Company’s domicile will issue such notice at the request of the interested parties that represent the requesting 10% of the capital, who must present their stock certificates for such purpose.
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At least 15 days prior to the meeting, notice of the meeting must be published in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (“Official Gazette”) or in a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City. Stockholders’ meetings may be held without such publication provided that 100% of the outstanding Shares with voting rights on the matters to be addressed by such meeting are represented.
From the moment that a call for a stockholders’ meeting is made public, all the information related to the meeting must be available to the stockholders. In order to attend a stockholders’ meeting, a stockholder must request and obtain an admission card by furnishing, at least 24 hours before the time set for holding the stockholders’ meeting, appropriate evidence of ownership of Shares in us and depositing such Shares with our corporate secretary or with an institution authorized to accept such deposit. If so entitled to attend the meeting, a stockholder may be represented by proxy signed before two witnesses. Additionally, the stockholder may be represented at the stockholders’ meetings by a person named by proxy, on a printed form that we issue, which, under Mexican law, must identify our Company and indicate clearly the matters to be addressed in the meeting, with enough space for the instructions that the stockholder specifies. We are obliged to make information on the upcoming meeting available to the intermediaries in the stock market, for the time specified in Article 173 of the Mexican Law, in order to give the intermediaries time to send it to the stockholders they represent. The Secretary of the Board of Directors must verify that this requirement is met and report on this matter at the stockholders’ meeting. See “—Registration and Transfer.”
Members of the Board
Under the Mexican Corporations Law, a Board of Directors must conform to the following requirements:
- | The Board of Directors will be integrated by a minimum of five and a maximum of twenty-one principal members. |
- | At least twenty-five percent of the members of the Board of Directors must be independent, in accordance with the terms of article 24 of the Securities Market Law. |
- | For each principal member, a substitute will be appointed, in the understanding that the substitutes of independent Board members must also be independent. |
Besides satisfying all of the requirements mentioned above, failure to meet these standards for any reason will not constitute grounds for judicial action challenging any act, contract, or agreement undertaken by the board, an intermediate committee or other delegated authority. Furthermore, such standards will not be mandatory for the validity or existence of such acts.
The Board of Directors must meet at least every three months at our address or any other place in Mexico and on the dates that the board determines. Meetings previously scheduled in accordance with a schedule pre-approved by the board do not need to be called. Meetings must be called by at least 25% of the members of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of the Board or the President of the Audit Committee. Members of the board must be notified via e-mail or in writing at least five calendar days in advance of a meeting.
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Dividends and Distributions
At the annual ordinary general stockholders’ meeting, the Board of Directors submits our financial statements for the previous fiscal year, together with a report thereon by the board, to the holders of Shares for their consideration. The holders of Shares, once they have approved the financial statements, determine the allocation of our net profits, if any, for the preceding year. As of December 31, 2012, our legal reserve fund was equal to at least 20% of our paid-in capital stock. Amounts in excess of those allocated to the legal reserve fund may be allocated to other reserve funds as the stockholders determine, including a reserve for the repurchase of our Shares. The remaining balance of net profits, if any, is available for distribution as dividends. No dividends may be paid, however, unless losses for prior fiscal years have been paid or absorbed.
Holders of shares and, accordingly, holders of ADRs will have equal rights, on a per Share basis, to dividends and other distributions, including any distributions we make upon liquidation. Partially paid Shares participate in any distribution to the extent that such Shares have been paid at the time of the distribution or, if not paid, only with respect to the proportion paid.
Changes in Capital Stock
An increase of capital stock may generally be affected through the issuance of new shares for payment in cash or in kind, by capitalization of indebtedness or by capitalization of certain items of stockholders’ equity. An increase of capital stock generally may not be realized until all previously issued and subscribed Shares of capital stock have been fully paid. Generally, a reduction of capital stock may be effected to absorb losses, to redeem Shares, or to release stockholders from payments not made. A reduction of capital stock to redeem Shares is effected by reimbursing holders of Shares pro rata or by lot. Stockholders may also approve the redemption of fully paid Shares with retained earnings. Such redemption would be affected by a repurchase of Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange (in the case of Shares listed thereon).
Except under limited circumstances, the bylaws require that any capital increase affected pursuant to a capital contribution be represented Shares.
The fixed portion of our capital stock may only be increased or decreased by resolution of a general extraordinary meeting and an amendment to the bylaws, whereas the variable portion of our capital stock may be increased or decreased by resolution of a general ordinary meeting. See “Other Provisions—Fixed and Variable Capital.”
No resolution by the stockholders is required for decreases in capital stock resulting from exercise of our right to withdraw variable Shares or from our repurchase of our own Shares or for increases in capital stock resulting from our sale of Shares we previously purchased. See “Other Provisions—Purchase by the Company of its Shares” and “Other Provisions—Appraisal Rights.”
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Preemptive Rights
Except in certain limited circumstances, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of new Shares for payment in cash or in kind, a holder of existing Shares of a given Series at the time of the capital increase has a preferential right to subscribe for a sufficient number of new Shares of the same Series to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of Shares of that Series or, in the event of a capital increase through the issuance of limited-voting or non-voting stock only, to subscribe for a sufficient number of the Shares to be issued to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of our capital stock. Preemptive rights must be exercised within 15 days following the publication of notice of the capital increase in the Diario Oficial de la Federacion (Official Gazette) or following the date of the stockholders’ meeting at which the capital increase was approved if all stockholders were represented at such meeting; otherwise, such rights will lapse. Under Mexican law, preemptive rights cannot be waived in advance by a stockholder, except under limited circumstances, and cannot be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share. The Robinson Bours Stockholders, including the Selling Stockholders, have waived all preemptive rights with respect to the Shares and the ADRs being offered in the Global Offering. Holders of ADRs that are U.S. citizens or are located in the United States may be restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights.
Foreign Investment Legislation
Ownership by foreigners of Shares of Mexican companies is regulated by the Ley de Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Law”) and by the Reglamento de la Ley para Promover la Inversion Mexicana y Regular la Inversion Extranjera (“Foreign Investment Regulations”). The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican state and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations, and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own up to 100.0% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission, in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49.0%.
Other Provisions
Fixed and variable capital
As a “sociedad anonima de capital variable”, we are permitted to issue Shares constituting fixed capital and Shares constituting variable capital. The issuance of variable capital Shares, unlike the issuance of fixed capital Shares, does not require an amendment of the bylaws, although it does require approval at a general ordinary stockholders’ meeting. In no case may the capital of the Company be decreased to less than the minimum required by law and any decrease in the shareholders’ equity must be registered in the Equity Variations Book that the Company will keep for such purpose.
Repurchase in the event of delisting
In the event of cancellation of the registration of the Company’s Shares in such Registry, whether at the request of the Company or by a resolution of the National Securities and Banking Commission under applicable law, the Company agrees to make a public offering for the acquisition of the total number of the Shares registered prior to the cancellation. The Company must contribute to a trust for at least six months, the necessary resources to purchase at the same price of the public offering, the Shares of the investors that did not attend or did not accept such offer, in case that after the public offering for purchase has been made and prior to the cancellation of the registration of the Shares that represent the capital stock of the Company or of other securities issued based on such Shares in the National Securities Registry, the Company had been unable to acquire 100.0% of the paid in capital stock.
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Forfeiture of Shares
As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that our current and future foreign stockholders are formally bound to the Mexican Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores (“Ministry of Foreign Relations”) to consider themselves as Mexican nationals with respect to our Shares that they may acquire or of which they may be owners, and with respect to the property, rights, concessions, participations or interests that we may own or rights and obligations that are based on contracts to which we are party with the Mexican authorities, and not to invoke the protection of their government under penalty, should they do so, of forfeiting to the Mexican State the corporate participation that they may have acquired. In the opinion of Galicia & Robles, S.C., our special Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican stockholder (including a non-Mexican holder of ADRs) is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of his own government by requesting such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholder’s rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have with respect to its investment in us, including any rights under U.S. securities laws. If the stockholder should invoke such governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its Shares could be forfeited to the Mexican State. Mexican law requires that such a provision be included in the bylaws of all Mexican corporations unless such bylaws prohibit ownership of capital stock by foreign investors.
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Our bylaws provide that legal actions relating to any conflict between our stockholders and us, or among the stockholders in connection with matters related to us, may be brought only in courts in Mexico City. Therefore, our stockholders are restricted to the courts of Mexico City.
Duration
The duration of our existence under our bylaws is indefinite.
Repurchase of our own Shares
We may repurchase our Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange at any time at the then prevailing market price. Any repurchases will be charged to the Stockholders Equity as long as these Shares belong to the same Company or to the Capital Stock in the event that we convert these Shares to treasury stock, and in this last case no resolution of the stockholders’ meeting is required. At each annual ordinary Stockholder’s Meeting, the maximum amount of resources that may be used to repurchase Shares will be expressly defined. The Board of Directors will name the persons responsible for the operation of the repurchase process. The Shares that belong to the Treasury Stock or us can be resold among the public stockholders; in the latter case, no resolution of a stockholders’ meeting is necessary for an increase in capital. The economic and voting rights corresponding to such repurchased Shares may not be exercised during the period in which such Shares are owned by us, and such Shares are not deemed to be outstanding for purposes of calculating any quorum or vote at any stockholders’ meeting during such period.
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Non-Subscribed Shares
With prior authorization of the CNBV, we may issue non-subscribed Shares provided that such Shares will be held by a depositary institution and that there is compliance with the conditions of Article 53 of the Ley del Mercado de Valores (“Mexican Securities Law”). In any extraordinary stockholders’ meeting at which this issuance of non-subscribed Shares is approved, the preference rights established by Article 132 of the Mexican Corporations Law must be respected. With a quorum at the meeting, the approval of the issuance will take effect, even with respect to stockholders that were not present at the meeting, such that we will be free to issue these Shares with no prior publication. When a minority of stockholders representing at least 25.0% of the voting capital stock vote against the issuance of these Shares, such issuance cannot be made. Any stockholder that votes against this issuance at the stockholders’ meeting will have the right to request that we sell its Shares before issuing the new non-subscribed Shares. In such event, we will have the obligation to sell first the Shares belonging to such stockholders, at the same price that the non-subscribed Shares are to be offered to the public.
Stockholder Conflicts of Interest
Under Mexican law, any stockholder that has a conflict of interest with respect to any transaction must abstain from voting thereon at the relevant stockholders’ meeting. A stockholder that votes on a business transaction in which its interest conflicts with that of ours may be liable for damages if the transaction would not have been approved without such stockholder’s vote.
Board Member Conflicts of Interest
Under Mexican law, any member of the Board of Directors who has a conflict of interest with us in any transaction must disclose such fact to the other members of the Board of Directors and abstain from voting. Any member of the Board of Directors who violates such provision may be liable for damages caused to us. Additionally, members of the Board of Directors and statutory auditors may not represent other stockholders at any stockholders’ meeting.
Appraisal Rights
Whenever the stockholders approve a change of corporate purpose, a change in our nationality or transformation from one type of corporation form to another, any stockholder entitled to vote on such change or transformation who has voted against it has the right to withdraw from us and receive the amount calculated as specified under Mexican law attributable to its Shares, provided such stockholder exercises its right to withdraw within 15 days following the adjournment of the meeting at which the change or transformation was approved. Under Mexican law, the amount that a withdrawing stockholder is entitled to receive is equal to its proportionate interest in our capital stock according to the most recent balance sheet that has been approved by an ordinary general meeting of stockholders.
Actions against Directors
Under Mexican law, holders of Shares having voting rights, including limited or restricted voting rights or holders of Shares without voting rights that jointly or individually represent 5.0% (five percent) or more of the capital stock, may directly exercise the action of liability against the members and secretary of the Board of Directors, as well as against the relevant directors or executive officers. The exercise of such action, among others, will be subject to the compliance with the requirements set forth under the Mexican Law.
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Audit Committee and Corporate Practices
Under our bylaws, the Board of Directors is required to create an Audit Committee and Corporate Practices under the terms and conditions outlined below:
- | The Audit Committee and Corporate Practices will consist of members of the Board of Directors. The President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices and a majority of the committee members must be independent, as independence is defined under the Mexican Securities Market Law. |
- | The mandate of the audit committee and corporate practices is to establish and monitor procedures and controls in order to ensure that the financial information we distribute is useful, appropriate and reliable, and accurately reflects our financial position. |
For more detail or to read more about the Committee’s activities please refer to “Audit Committee and Corporate Practices” section in Item 6 to this Annual Report. For additional information, also see Article 35 of the Mexican Securities Market Law.
Related Party Transactions
See “Related Party Transactions” included in Item 7 to this Annual Report. |
C. | Material Contracts |
None.
D. | Exchange Controls |
Ownership by foreigners of Mexican companies is regulated by the Foreign Investment Law and by the Foreign Investment Regulations. The Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Development and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law.
The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican Government and certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of foreign investors to certain percentages in regard to enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may own 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities, except for companies (i) engaged in reserved activities as referred to above or (ii) with assets exceeding an amount to be established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission shall be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49.0% of the capital stock. Mexican and non-Mexican nationals will be entitled to hold and to exercise the rights of holders. The Robinson Bours Stockholders have advised us that they intend to maintain a control position of his shares. Pursuant to our bylaws, foreigners may only own Shares up to 49% of shares.
E. | Taxation |
The following discussion is a general summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences and the principal Mexican federal tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADRs. This summary does not purport to address all material tax consequences that may be relevant to holders of Shares or ADRs, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, banks, insurance companies, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, partnerships and other pass-through entities, investors liable for the U.S. alternative minimum tax, investors that own or are treated as owning 10% or more of our voting stock, investors that hold Shares or ADRs as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion transaction or other integrated transaction and U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special tax rules. In addition, this summary is based in part upon the representations of the Depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.
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For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is any beneficial owner of Shares or ADRs that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:
- | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
- | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
- | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax without regard to its source; or |
- | a trust that is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more U.S. persons, or that has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership holds Shares or ADRs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership considering the purchase of Shares or ADRs should consult its own independent tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing in Shares or ADRs through a partnership.
Except where specifically described below, this discussion assumes that we are not a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules” below. This discussion is based on the federal income tax laws and regulations of the United States and Mexico, judicial decisions, published rulings and administrative pronouncements, all as in effect on the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change (and some changes may have retroactive effect) and different interpretations. Further, this discussion does not address U.S. federal estate and gift tax, U.S. Medicare contribution tax or the alternative minimum tax consequences of holding Shares or ADRs or the indirect consequences to holders or equity interests in partnerships (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that own Shares or ADRs. In addition, this discussion does not address the non-U.S., non-Mexican, state or local tax consequences of holding Shares or ADRs. Prospective purchasers of Shares or ADRs should consult their own tax advisors as to the U.S., Mexican or other tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of Shares or ADRs, including, in particular, the effect of any non-U.S. non-Mexican, state or local tax laws.
A Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income, and a Protocol thereto, between the United States and Mexico (the “Tax Treaty”) took effect on January 1, 1994. The Tax Treaty was amended by a second Protocol signed September 8, 1994. The second Protocol entered into force on October 2, 2005. The Tax Treaty was amended by a third Protocol signed November 26, 2002, the provisions of which took effect in part on September 1, 2003, and in part on January 1, 2004. The United States and Mexico have also entered into an agreement concerning the exchange of information with respect to tax matters.
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In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holders of ADRs evidencing ADRs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Shares represented by those ADRs. However, see the discussion below under “Taxation of Dividends” regarding certain statements made by the U.S. Treasury concerning depository arrangements.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation
U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders of our Shares and of ADRs that are U.S. Holders and that hold those Shares or ADRs as capital assets (generally, for investment purposes).
Taxation of Dividends
Cash distributions paid with respect to the Shares or ADRs to the extent paid out of our earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles) will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as ordinary income on the day on which the dividends are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or the Depositary, in the case of ADRs. We do not currently maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Because these calculations are not made, distributions should be presumed to be taxable dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
A U.S. Holder will be entitled, subject to a number of complex limitations and conditions (including a minimum holding period requirement), to claim a U.S. foreign tax credit in respect of any Mexican income taxes withheld on dividends received on Shares or ADRs. U.S. Holders who do not elect to claim a credit for any foreign income taxes paid during the taxable year may instead claim a deduction in respect of such Mexican income taxes, provided the U.S. Holder elects to deduct (rather than credit) all foreign income taxes for that year. Dividends received with respect to Shares or ADRs will be treated as foreign source income, subject to various classifications and other limitations. For purposes of the U.S. foreign tax credit limitation dividends paid with respect to Shares or ADRs generally will constitute “passive category income.” For most of U.S. Holders. The U.S. Treasury Department has expressed concerns that parties to whom depositary shares such as the ADRs are released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits by U.S. Holders of such ADRs. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Mexican income taxes described above could be affected by future actions that may be taken by the U.S. Treasury Department. The rules relating to computing foreign tax credits or deducting foreign taxes are extremely complex, and U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own independent tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits with respect to any Mexican income taxes withheld.
Dividends paid in pesos will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder in a U.S. dollar amount calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the day they are received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of Shares, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADRs (regardless of whether such pesos are in fact converted into U.S. dollars on such date). If such dividends are converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt by the U.S. Holder or the Depositary, as the case may be, the U.S. Holder generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency gain or loss in respect of the dividends. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of foreign currency gain or loss, if any, on any pesos received which are converted into U.S. dollars on a date subsequent to receipt.
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Cash dividends to corporate U.S. Holders will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain exceptions for short term and hedged positions, and provided that we are not a PFIC (as discussed below), dividends received by certain U.S. Holders (including individuals) with respect to the Shares or ADRs will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation at preferential rates if such dividends represent “qualified dividend income.” Dividends paid on the ADRs will be treated as qualified dividend income if (i) we are eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty or the ADRs are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States and (ii) we were not in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and are not in the year in which the dividend is paid, a PFIC. We expect to be eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. In addition, under current guidance recently issued by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), the ADRs should qualify as readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States so long as they are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, but no assurances can be given that the ADRs will be or remain readily tradable under future guidance.
The U.S. Treasury Department has announced its intention to promulgate rules pursuant to which shareholders (and intermediaries) will be permitted to rely on certifications from issuers to establish that dividends qualify for the reduced rate of U.S. federal income taxation. Because such procedures have not yet been issued, we are not certain that we will be able to comply with them. U.S. Holders of Shares or ADRs should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced rate in the light of their own particular circumstances.
Distributions to U.S. Holders of additional Shares with respect to their Shares or ADRs that are made as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our stockholders generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If holders of the ADRs are restricted in their ability to participate in the exercise of preemptive rights, the preemptive rights may give rise to a deemed distribution to holders of the Shares under Section 305 of the Code. Any deemed distributions will be taxable as a dividend in accordance with the general rules of the income tax treatment of dividends discussed above.
Taxation of Capital Gains
Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADRs generally will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between such U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the Shares or ADRs and the amount realized on the disposition. A U.S. Holder generally will have an adjusted tax basis in its Shares or ADRs equal to its U.S. dollar cost for such Shares or ADRs. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs will generally be long-term gain or loss if, at the time of disposition, the U.S. Holder has held the Shares or ADRs for more than one year.
Certain U.S. Holders, including individuals, are eligible for preferential rates of U.S. federal income tax in respect of long-term capital gains. The deduction of a capital loss is subject to limitations under the Code.
Gain realized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs generally will be treated as U.S. source income for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. Consequently, if any Mexican withholding tax is imposed on the sale or disposition of the Shares, a U.S. holder that does not receive significant foreign source income from other sources may not be able to derive effective U.S. foreign tax credit benefits in respect of these Mexican taxes. Alternatively, a U.S. Holder may deduct the Mexican tax withheld from its gross income, provided such U.S. Holder does not claim a foreign tax credit for any foreign income taxes paid or accrued during the taxable year. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foreign tax credit rules to their investment in, and disposition of, the Shares or ADRs.
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In some cases, gain may be treated as foreign source income by holders eligible for the benefits of the Tax Treaty. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the Tax Treaty to gain or loss recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of Share or ADRs.
Deposits and withdrawals of Shares by U.S. Holders in exchange for ADRs will not result in the realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
A non-U.S. corporation generally will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying look-through rules, either (1) at least 75.0% of its gross income is passive income, or (2) on average at least 50.0% of the gross value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. Passive income for this purpose generally includes, among other things, dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities and securities transactions. The determination as to whether a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC is based on the application of complex U.S. federal income tax rules, which are suffering from different interpretations. In addition, the PFIC determination is made annually and generally is based on the value of a non-U.S. corporation’s assets (including goodwill) and composition of its income. In determining whether we are a PFIC, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each subsidiary in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least a 25.0% interest by value is taken into account.
Based on current estimates of our income and assets, we do not believe that we were classified for our most recently-ended taxable year, or will be classified for our current taxable year, as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue our operations in such a manner that we will not become a PFIC in the future, although no assurances can be made regarding determination of our PFIC status in the current or any future taxable year. If we are treated as a PFIC for any taxable year, a U.S. Holder would be subject to special rules (and may be subject to increased tax liability and form filing requirements) with respect to (a) any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of Shares or ADRs, and (b) any “excess distribution” made by us to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distribution during a taxable year in which distributions to the U.S. Holder on the Shares or ADRs exceed 125.0% of the average annual distributions the U.S. Holder received on the Shares or ADRs during the preceding three taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADRs). Under those rules, (a) the gain or excess distribution would be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Shares or ADRs, (b) the amount allocated to the taxable year in which the gain or excess distribution is realized and to taxable years before the first day on which we became a PFIC would be taxable as ordinary income, (c) the amount allocated to each prior year in which the Issuer was a PFIC would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and (d) the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of U.S. federal income tax would be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each prior year in which we were treated as a PFIC.
In addition, a U.S. Holder generally must file IRS Form 8621 periodically to disclose ownership of an equity interest in a PFIC during any taxable year.
Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to Shares or ADRs and the application of recently enacted legislation to their particular situation.
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Non-U.S. Holders
The following discussion is a summary of the principal U.S. federal income tax consequences to beneficial holders of Shares or ADRs that are neither U.S. Holders nor partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes (“Non-U.S. Holders”).
Subject to the discussion below under “U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting,” a Non-U.S. Holder of Shares or ADRs will not be subject to dividend or U.S. federal income or withholding tax on a dividend paid by us or gain realized on the sale of Shares or ADRs, unless (i) such dividend or gain is effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business in the United States (and, if an applicable tax treaty requires, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment or fixed base of such Non-U.S. Holder) or (ii) in the case of gain realized by an individual Non-U.S. Holder, such Non-U.S. Holder is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale and certain other conditions are met.
U.S. Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
In general, dividends on Shares or ADRs, and payments of the proceeds of a sale or other taxable disposition of Shares or ADRs, paid within the United States, by the U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a U.S. Holder are subject to information reporting and may be subject to backup withholding at a current rate of 28%, unless the U.S. Holder (i) establishes that it is an exempt recipient or (ii) with respect to backup withholding, provides an accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is a U.S. person and that no loss of exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Payments made within the United States, by a U.S. payor or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries to a Non-U.S. Holder will not be subject to backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements if an appropriate certification is provided by the Non-U.S. Holder to the payor or intermediary and the pay or intermediary does not have actual knowledge or a reason to know that the certificate is incorrect.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. The amount of any backup withholding withheld from a payment to a U.S. Holder will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally may obtain a refund of any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules that exceed its U.S. federal income tax liability by filing a timely refund claim with the IRS.
In addition, U.S. Holders should be aware that legislation enacted in 2010 imposes new reporting requirements with respect to the holding of foreign financial assets, including stock of foreign issuers, if the aggregate value of all of such assets exceeds $50,000, subject to certain exceptions. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting rules to our common Shares and the application of these reporting requirements to their particular situation.
Mexican Taxation
Taxation of Dividends
Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the Shares constituting the Shares or the ADRs will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.
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Taxation of Capital Gains
Gain on the sale or other disposition of ADRs by holders who are not Mexican Residents (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican income tax. Deposits of Shares in exchange for ADRs and withdrawals of Shares in exchange for ADRs will not give rise to Mexican income tax.
Gain on the sale of Shares by a holder who is not a Mexican Resident (as defined below) will not be subject to Mexican tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or other securities markets approved by the Mexican Ministry of Finance, and provided certain requirements set forth by the Mexican Income Tax Law are complied with. Sales or other dispositions of Shares made in other circumstances generally would be subject to Mexican tax, except to the extent that a holder is eligible for benefits under an income tax treaty to which Mexico is a party of. Under the Tax Treaty, gain on the sale or other disposition of Shares by a U.S. resident (if eligible for benefits under the Tax Treaty) who is a holder of less than 25% of our capital stock during the twelve-month period preceding such sale or disposition will not be subject to Mexican tax, unless (i) 50% or more of the fair market value of our assets consist of “immovable property” (as defined in the Tax Treaty) situated in Mexico, or (ii) such gains are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base of such U.S. resident in Mexico.
For a holder that is not a Mexican Resident and that does not meet the requirements referred to above, gross income realized on the sale of Shares will be subject to a 5% Mexican withholding tax if the transaction is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange. Alternatively, a holder that is not a Mexican Resident can choose to be subject to a 20% withholding rate on the net gain obtained, as calculated pursuant to Mexican Income Tax Law provisions.
The Mexican tax rules governing the taxation of gains of holders who are not Mexican Residents on dispositions of their Shares or ADRs were amended during 2002. Holders who are not Mexican Residents who disposed of their Shares or ADRs during 2003 should consult their own Mexican tax advisors on the Mexican tax treatment of such dispositions.
For purposes of Mexican taxation (Ley del Impuesto sobre la renta), an individual is a resident of Mexico (a “Mexican Resident”) if he or she has established his or her home in Mexico, unless he or she has resided in another country for more than 183 days, whether consecutive or not, during a calendar year and can demonstrate that he or she has become a resident of that country for tax purposes. A legal entity is a Mexican Resident if it has been incorporated under Mexican law. A company is also considered to be a Mexican Resident if its headquarters are located in Mexico. A Mexican citizen is presumed to be a resident of Mexico for tax purposes unless such person can demonstrate otherwise. If a person is deemed to have a permanent establishment or fixed base in Mexico for tax purposes, such permanent person shall be required to pay taxes in Mexico on income attributable to such permanent establishment or fixed base, in accordance with applicable tax laws.
Other Mexican Taxes
There are no Mexican inheritance, succession or similar taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of ADRs or Shares by holders that are not Mexican Residents; provided, however, that gratuitous transfers of Shares may in certain circumstances cause a Mexican federal tax to be imposed on the recipient. There is no Mexican stamp, issue, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of ADRs or Shares. Brokerage fees on securities transactions carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange are subject to a 16%, valued added tax.
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F. | Dividends and Paying Agents |
Not applicable.
G. | Statement by Experts |
Not applicable.
H. | Documents on Display |
The documents concerning us which are referred to in this document are available in our company headquarters, located at avenida Tecnologico No. 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, zip code 38010, Mexico, for any inspection required. Part of this information is available on our web page, at www.bachoco.com.mx.
I. | Subsidiary Information |
Not applicable.
ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
In the normal course of our business, we hold or issue various financial instruments that expose us to financial risks involving fluctuations in currency exchange rates and interest rates. Also, we are exposed to commodity price risk in connection with fluctuations in the prices for our feed ingredients.
The Company is exposed to the following risks related to the use of financial instruments to which risk management is applied:credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, and operational risk.
Note 5 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements presents information on the Company’s exposure to each of the aforementioned risks, and the Company’s objectives, policies and procedures for risk measurement and management. Further quantitative disclosures are included in various sections of these Audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report.
Risk management framework
The risk philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize the risk and, therefore, to enhance its business stability, by opting for a sound relationship between the levels of risk assumed and its operating capabilities, for ensuring a better decision-making that will enable an optimal combination of products and assets leading to a risk-return ratio more in line with the stockholders’ risk profile.
Risk means the level of uncertainty associated with the Company’s future losses.
Risk Management means the “Set of objectives, policies, procedures and actions implemented to identify measure, monitor, limit, control, report and disclose the various types of risks to which the entity is exposed”.
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Currency Fluctuation
Our exposure to market risk associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to cost and expenses which are denominated in U.S. dollars. See Risk Factors under Item 3.
During 2011, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 54.5 million, and, despite the volatility of the peso during the year, our investments allowed us to register this gain. As of the same date, the net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instruments totaled $193.3 million.
During 2012, we had a foreign exchange gain of Ps. 35.2 million, even when the peso was volatile during the year, our investments allowed us to register this gain. As of the same date, the net interest income and the valuation effects of our financial instruments totaled Ps. 234.8 million.
We manage our exchange rate exposure primarily through management of our financial structure, specifically by maintaining most of our debt through long-term debt instruments. As part of our normal operations, we purchase financial derivative instruments in order to ensure greater certainty in our purchases of U.S. dollars. We plan over a six-month period into the future and, depending on the expected uncertainty for that period, decide if it is economically advisable to purchase or sell any hedging instrument.
The main risk that the Company faces with the use of these derivative instruments is the volatility in the exchange rate of the peso against the U.S. dollar.
Our risk committee approves any change in policies and reviews the application of current policies.
For more details see Note 10 to our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
No assurance can be given as to the future valuation of the Mexican peso and how further movements in the peso could affect our future earnings. In order to mitigate our foreign exchange risk, we have established a Risk Committee which meets at least once a month and approves the guidelines and policies for entering into these operations. We also work with independent consultants who make evaluations of our positions and provide us with consulting services. Said companies do not sell any financial instruments to us.
As of December 31, 2012, we did not have derivative positions related to exchange rates.
Interest Rates
Our earnings may also be affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on our variable rate debt instruments.
As of December 31, 2012, we had borrowings of approximately Ps. 2,723.6 million pursuant to variable rate debt instruments, representing approximately 9.8% of our total assets.
Based on our position on December 31, 2012, we estimate that a hypothetical interest rate variation of 1% on our debt would result in increased interest expenses of approximately Ps. 0.3 million per annum in such instruments. Any such increase would likely be partially offset by an increase in interest income due to our strong cash and cash equivalent position.
For more detail, see Note 10 of our consolidated Financial Statements.
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Feed Ingredients
The price of sorghum, soy meal, and corn is subject to significant volatility resulting, from many external factors like weather conditions, the size of harvests, transportation and storage costs, among others. In order to reduce the potential adverse effect of grain price fluctuations, we vary the composition of our feed to take advantage of current market prices for the various types of ingredients used.
The percentage of grain purchased from domestic markets in Mexico was 47.0%, 44.6% and 54.0% in 2012, 2011 and 2010 respectively.
Based on results for 2012, we estimate that a hypothetical variation of 10.0% in the cost of our feed ingredients would have an impact of approximately 6.0% on total cost of sales.
ITEM 12. Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
A. | Debt Securities |
On August 29, 2012, we issued bonds for Ps. 1,500 million through a public issuance of local bonds (“Certificados Bursatiles” or “CBs”) in the local debt capital markets for a tenor of 5 years, maturing in 2017.
The bonds issued have a 28-day TIIE interest rate and will offer investors a yield of TIIE + 0.60%. The principal of the bonds will be amortized at face value, in one payment, on the date of maturity.
This represented our first bond offering, which was distributed among a wide range of local investors. The funds obtained were utilized in accordance with the Company’s financial requirements.
This first Ps. 1,500 million bonds issuance is part of a bond issuance program for up to Ps. 5,000 million that the Company has available for issuance within the next five years, in accordance with its financial needs.
The CBs does not provide restrictions of payment of cash dividends.
For more detail, see Note 10 and Note 18 of our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
B. | Warrants and Rights |
Not applicable.
C. | Other Securities |
Not applicable.
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D. | American Depository Receipts |
The Bank of New York Mellon (or “BONY”) has been our Depositary Bank since the day of our initial public offering of shares continues to act in that capacity as of the date of this document. BONY is located in Church Street Station, in New York, N.Y. 100286.
Fees and charges that a Holder of our ADRs may have to pay, either directly or indirectly
Our Depositary may charge each person to whom ADRs are issued, including, without limitation, issuances against deposits of shares, issuances in respect of share distributions, rights and other distributions, issuances pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or issuances pursuant to a merger, exchange of securities or any other transaction or event affecting the ADRs or deposited securities, and each person surrendering ADRs for withdrawal of deposited securities in any manner permitted by the deposit agreement or whose ADRs are cancelled or reduced for any other reason, [US$5.00 for each 100 ADRs] (or any portion thereof) issued, delivered, reduced, cancelled or surrendered, the case may be. The Depositary may sell (by public or private sale) sufficient securities and property received in respect of a share distribution, rights and/or other distribution prior to such deposit to pay such charge.
The Depositary collects its fees for delivery and surrender of ADRs directly from investors depositing shares or surrendering ADRs for the purpose of withdrawal or from intermediaries acting for them. The Depositary collects fees for making distributions to investors by deducting those fees from the amounts distributed or by selling a portion of distributable property to pay the fees. The Depositary may collect its annual fee for depositary services by deductions from cash distributions or by directly billing investors or by charging the book-entry system accounts of participants acting for them. The Depositary may generally refuse to provide fee-attracting services until its fees for those services are paid.
The following additional charges shall be incurred by the ADR holders, by any party depositing or withdrawing shares or by any party surrendering ADRs or to whom ADRs are issued (including, without limitation, issuance pursuant to a stock dividend or stock split declared by us or an exchange of stock regarding the ADRs or the deposited securities or a distribution of ADRs), whichever is applicable:
Persons depositing or withdrawing shares must pay: | For: | |
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADRs (or portion of 100 ADRs) | • Issuance of ADRs, including issuances resulting from a distribution of shares or rights or other property | |
• Cancellation of ADRs for the purpose of withdrawal, including if the deposit agreement terminates | ||
$.02 (or less) per ADR | • Any cash distribution to ADR registered holders | |
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADRs | • Distribution of securities distributed to holders of deposited securities which are distributed by the depositary to ADR registered holders | |
$.02 (or less) per ADRs per calendar year | • Depositary services |
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Registration or transfer fees | • Transfer and registration of shares on our share register to or from the name of the depositary or its agent when you deposit or withdraw shares | |
Expenses of the depositary | • Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when expressly provided in the deposit agreement) | |
• Converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars | ||
Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADR or share underlying an ADR, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes | • As necessary | |
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities | • As necessary |
We will pay all other charges and expenses of the Depositary and any agent of the depositary (except the custodian) pursuant to agreements from time to time between us and the Depositary. The fees described above may be amended from time to time.
Fees and other direct and indirect payments made by the Depositary and us
The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for expenses we incur that are related to establishment and maintenance expenses of the ADR program. The Depositary has agreed to reimburse us for our continuing annual stock exchange listing fees. The Depositary has also agreed to pay the standard out-of-pocket maintenance costs for the ADRs, which consist of the expenses of postage and envelopes for mailing annual and interim financial reports, printing and distributing dividend checks, electronic filing of U.S. Federal tax information, mailing required tax forms, stationery, postage, facsimile, and telephone calls. It has also agreed to reimburse us annually for certain investor relationship programs or special investor relations promotional activities. In certain instances, the Depositary has agreed to provide additional payments to the Company based on any applicable performance indicators relating to the ADR facility. There are limits on the amount of expenses for which the depositary will reimburse us, but the amount of reimbursement available to us is not necessarily tied to the amount of fees the depositary collects from investors.
Pursuant to our letter agreement with our Depositary, in 2012, we received a payment of US$300,000 (less fees) as payment of expenses we incurred related to the maintenance of our ADR program, including investor relations expenses and exchange application and listing fees in 2012, 2011 and 2010.
PART II
ITEM 13. Default, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
None.
ITEM 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
None.
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ITEM 15. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2012. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon and as of the date of our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Effective control over financial reporting cannot, and does not, provide absolute assurance of achieving our control objectives. Also, any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2012, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, has been audited by KPMG, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting in the period covered by this annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V.:
We have audited Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries’ management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, and our report dated April 30, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Queretaro, Mexico, April 30, 2013.
/s/Demetrio Villa Michel |
KPMG, Cardenas Dosal, S.C. |
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ITEM 16. [Reserved]
ITEM 16.A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
In April 2011, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix, Independent Director, was named as President of the Audit Committee and Corporate Practices. Until his death on April 18, 2012, Mr. Felizardo Gastelum Felix met the requirements included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A and performed this role in an exemplary manner. Currently, no member of our audit committee possesses all the characteristics included in the definition of an “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of this Item 16A. We consider that the combined financial expertise of the members of our audit committee meet much of this requirement. Our audit committee has the authority and appropriate funding to obtain outside advice, as it deems necessary, to carry out its duties.
ITEM 16.B. Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our code of ethics applies to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. Our code of ethics is available free of charge upon request through our investor relations website www.bachoco.com.mx. If we amend the provisions of our code of ethics that apply to our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, or if we grant any waiver of such provisions, we will disclose such amendment or waiver on our website at the same address.
ITEM 16.C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Audit and Non-Audit Fees
The following table sets forth the fees billed by our independent auditors KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C. independent registered public accounting firm and aid by us. All amounts are in nominal thousand pesos, no taxes are included.
AUDIT FEES OF KPMG | ||||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||||
In thousands of pesos, | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||
Total Fees: | Ps. | 7,429 | Ps. | 10,348 | ||||
Audit fees | 4,081 | 7,967 | ||||||
Audit related fees | 1,697 | 1,972 | ||||||
Other | 1,651 | 409 |
The total 2012 and 2011 audit fees agreed to be paid to KPMG is Ps. 7.3 million and, and Ps. 7.0 million respectively.
Audit related fees in the table above for 2012 are fees related to the review of the Annual Reports to be released to the Mexican and New York stock exchanges, as well as fees billed by KPMG related to expenses they incurred in connection with the performance of their audit, such as lodging and traveling.
Fees included in "other" for 2011, were related to Due Diligence services as well as services related to the adoption of the IFRS, and for 2012, were related to services provided in connection with the adoption of IFRS and the issuance of local bonds.
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Audit Committee Approval Policies and Procedures
Our audit committee has not established pre-approval policies and procedures for the engagement of our independent auditors for services. Our audit committee expressly approves on a case-by-case basis any engagement of our independent auditors for audit and non-audit services provided to our subsidiaries or to us.
ITEM 16.D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
According to the New York Stock Exchange’s Listing Standards for Audit Committees of a Foreign Private Issuer, Ricardo Aguirre, a member of our audit committee, currently does not meet the independence standards set forth in Rule 10A-3b(1)(ii)(B) of the Exchange Act. Therefore, with respect to Mr. Aguirre, we rely on the exemption provided in Rule 10A-3(b)(1)(iv)(D) of the Exchange Act because Mr. Aguirre (i) represents the Company's controlling shareholders, (ii) only has observer status on, and is not a voting member or the chair of, the Company's audit committee and (iii) is not an executive officer of the Company. Our reliance on such exemption does not materially adversely affect the ability of our audit committee to act independently and to satisfy the other requirements of Rule 10A-3(b).
ITEM 16.E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
Every year during the annual ordinary stockholder meeting, the Board proposes the approval of an amount to be used in a repurchase plan of our shares. The repurchase plan is approved for a period of one year. All the shares set in the table below were repurchased pursuant to the repurchase plan in force at the date of the purchase.
The table set below sets forth the information regarding the purchase plan approved by the Board of Directors in the three recent fiscal years.
REPURCHASE PLAN APPROVED | ||||||||||||
Year | Announced date | Expiration date | Amount | Estimate number of shares that may be purchased under the plan | ||||||||
2011 | April 27, 2011 | April 25, 2012 | Ps. | 335,640,000 | 12,000,000 | |||||||
2012 | April 25, 2012 | April 24, 2013 | Ps. | 195,770,700 | 12,000,000 | |||||||
2013 | April 24, 2013 | April 23, 2014 | Ps. | 391,560,000 | 12,000,000 | (1) |
(1) The amount includes current shares in the repurchase plan.
80 |
The table below sets forth information about the repurchase of our shares on the BMV:
REPURCHASE OF SHARES IN 2012
Full month of 2012 | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share (in pesos) | Total number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced plan | Estimate maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan | ||||||||||||
Opening balance | 227,400 | Ps. | 23.65 | 227,400 | 12,000,000 | |||||||||||
January | 43,700 | 21.92 | 43,700 | 11,956,300 | ||||||||||||
February | 2,083,381 | 22.51 | 2,083,381 | 9,872,919 | ||||||||||||
March | 609,500 | 22.06 | 609,500 | 9,263,419 | ||||||||||||
April | 348,000 | 22.04 | 348,000 | 8,915,419 | ||||||||||||
May | - | - | - | 8,915,419 | ||||||||||||
June | - | - | - | 8,915,419 | ||||||||||||
July | - | - | - | 8,915,419 | ||||||||||||
August | 21,600 | 24.95 | 21,600 | 8,893,819 | ||||||||||||
September | 45,841 | 25.13 | 45,841 | 8,847,978 | ||||||||||||
October | 252,709 | 25.58 | 252,709 | 8,595,269 | ||||||||||||
November | - | - | - | 8,595,269 | ||||||||||||
December | 300,000 | 28.07 | 300,000 | 8,295,269 | ||||||||||||
Total 2012 | 3,932,131 | Ps. | 23.12 | 3,932,131 | 8,295,269 |
REPURCHASE OF SHARES IN 2013
Full month of 2013 | Total number of shares purchased | Average price paid per share (in pesos) | Total number of shares purchased as part of the publicly announced plan | Estimate maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plan | ||||||||||||
Opening balance | 0 | Ps. | 0.00 | 0 | 8,295,269 | |||||||||||
January 2013 | - | 0.00 | - | 8,295,269 | ||||||||||||
February 2013 | 100,000 | 30.70 | 100,000 | 8,195,269 | ||||||||||||
March 2013 | - | 0.00 | - | 8,195,269 | ||||||||||||
Total as of March 31: | 100,000 | Ps. | 30.70 | 100,000 | 8,195,269 |
REPURCHASE PLAN BALANCE
Number of Shares | ||||
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of December 31, 2011 | 227,400 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased in 2012 | 3,704,731 | |||
(-) Total shares sold in 2012 | 3,932,131 | |||
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of December 31, 2012 | 0 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased as of March 31, 2013 | 100,000 | |||
(-) Total shares sold as of March 31, 2013 | 100,000 | |||
Total shares in the repurchase plan as of March 31, 2013 | 0 |
ITEM 16.F. Changes in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.G. Corporate Governance
Comparison of our Corporate Governance Rules and the Rules of the NYSE Applicable to U.S. Registered Companies
81 |
On November 4, 2003, the SEC approved final corporate governance standards for companies listed on the NYSE (“NYSE Corporate Governance Standards”). According to such standards, foreign private issuers are subject to a more limited set of requirements regarding corporate governance than those imposed on U.S. domestic issuers. As a foreign private issuer, we must comply with four NYSE Corporate Governance Standards:
- | prior to July 31, 2005, we must comply with the requirements set forth by the SEC concerning audit committees; |
- | we must submit an annual Written Affirmation to the NYSE and an Interim Written Annual Affirmation each time a change occurs in the Board of Directors or the Audit Committee; |
- | our CEO must promptly notify the NYSE in writing after any executive officer becomes aware of any material non-compliance with any of the applicable NYSE corporate governance rules; and |
- | we must provide a brief description disclosing any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards. |
Pursuant to Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, we are required to disclose any significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required to be followed by domestic companies under NYSE listing standards. A brief description disclosing the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards is set forth below:
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
Director Independence. Majority of board of directors must be independent. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. | Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, our stockholders are required to appoint a board of directors of between five and 20 members, 25% of whom must be independent. Our board of directors is not required to make a determination as to the independence of our directors. | |
A director is not independent if such director is: | Under Article 14 Bis of the Mexican Securities Market Law, a director is not independent if such director is: | |
(i) a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; | (i) an employee or officer of the company (one-year cooling off period); | |
(ii) an employee, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than employment as interim chairman or CEO; | (ii) a stockholder that, without being an employee or officer of the company, has influence or authority over the company’s officers; |
82 |
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
(iii) a person who receives, or whose immediate family member receives, more than $100,000 per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services only (and other than compensation for service as interim chairman or CEO or received by an immediate family member for service as a non-executive employee); | (iii) a consultant, or partner or employee of a consultant, to the company or its affiliates, where the income from the company represents 10% or more of the overall income of such consultant; | |
(iv) a person who is affiliated with or employed, or whose immediate family member is affiliated with or employed in a professional capacity, by a present or former internal or external auditor of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; | (iv) an important client, supplier, debtor or creditor (or a partner, director or employee thereof). A client and supplier is considered important where its sales to or purchases from the company represent more than 10% of the client’s or supplier’s total sales or purchases. A debtor or creditor is considered important whenever its sales to or purchases from to the company represent more than 15% of the debtor’s or creditor’s total sales or purchases; | |
(v) an executive officer, or an immediate family member of an executive officer, of another company whose compensation committee’s membership includes an executive officer of the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary; or | (v) an employee of a non-profit entity that receives contributions from the company that represent more than 15% of the total contributions received; | |
(vi) an executive officer or employee of a company, or an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any single fiscal year, exceeds the greater of $1 million or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues (charities are not included, but any such payments must be disclosed in the company’s proxy (or, if no proxy is prepared, its Form 10-K / Annual Report)). | (vi) a CEO or other high ranking officer of another company in which the issuer’s CEO or other high ranking officer is a member of the board of directors; or |
83 |
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices | |
(vii) “Immediate family member” includes a person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers and fathers-in-law, sons and daughters-in-law and anyone (other than domestic employees) who shares the person’s home. Individuals who are no longer immediate family members due to legal separation, divorce or death (or incapacity) are excluded. §303A.02(b) | (vii) a “family member” related to any of the persons mentioned above in (i) through (vi). “Family member” includes a person’s spouse, concubine or other relative of up to three degrees of consanguinity and affinity, in the case of (i) and (ii) above, and a spouse, concubine or other relative of up to one degree of consanguinity or affinity in the case of (iii) through (vi) above. | |
Executive Sessions. Non-management directors must meet regularly in executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year. §303A.03 | There is no similar requirement under our bylaws or applicable Mexican law. | |
Audit committee. Audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and the more stringent requirements under the NYSE standards is required. §§303A.06, 303A.07 | The members of our audit committee are independent as independence is defined by Rule 10A-3. | |
Our audit committee complies with the requirements of the Mexican Securities Market Law and has the following attributes: | ||
· We have a three-member audit committee, which is composed of one proprietary director and two proprietary independent directors. | ||
· The president of the audit committee and one additional member are independent. Under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the president and the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent. | ||
· Our audit committee operates pursuant to a written charter adopted by our board of directors. See Item 6 for a detailed description of the duties of our audit committee. |
84 |
NYSE Corporate Governance Rules for Domestic Issuers |
Our Corporate Governance Practices |
· Pursuant to our bylaws and Mexican law, our audit committee submits an annual report regarding its activities to our board of directors. | |
Nominating/corporate governance committee. Nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from these requirements. §303A.04 | We are not required to have a nominating/corporate governance committee, and it is not expressly recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices. |
Compensation committee. Compensation committee of independent directors is required, which must approve executive officer compensation. The committee must have a charter specifying the purpose, duties and evaluation procedures of the committee. “Controlled companies,” which would include our company if it were a U.S. issuer, are exempt from this requirement. §303A.05 | We are not required to have a compensation committee. As recommended by the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices, we have an evaluation mechanism for assisting the board of directors in approving executive officer compensation. |
Equity compensation plans. Equity compensation plans require stockholder approval, subject to limited exemptions. §303A.08 | Stockholder approval is not expressly required under Mexican law or our bylaws for the adoption and amendment of an equity-compensation plan. However, regulations of the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission require stockholder approval under certain circumstances. We currently do not have any equity-compensation plans in place. |
Code of Ethics. Corporate governance guidelines and a code of business conduct and ethics is required, with disclosure of any waiver for directors or executive officers. §303A.10 | We have adopted a code of ethics, which has been accepted by to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, controller and persons performing similar functions, as well as to other officers and employees. We are required by Item 16B of Form 20-F to disclose any waivers granted to our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, principal accounting officer and persons performing similar functions. We have no such waivers in place. |
85 |
ITEM 16.H. Mine Safety Disclosure
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 17. Financial Statements
Not applicable.
ITEM 18. Financial Statements
See the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements including Notes, incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 19. Exhibits
Index of Exhibits
Documents filed as exhibits to this Annual Report:
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
1.1 | An English translation of the Bylaws (estatutos sociales) of Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. dated June 29, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form 20-F filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2007 (File No. 333-07950)). | |
2.1 | Form of Amended and Restated Deposit Agreement, among Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., the Depositary and each Owner and Beneficial Owner from time to time of American Depositary Receipts issued thereunder, including the form of American Depositary Receipt (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 on Form F-6 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 18, 2006 (File No. 333-07480)). | |
2.2 | Trust Agreement, dated April 1, 1995, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Prime Internacional, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)). | |
2.3 | Trust Agreement, dated August 20, 1997, among Banco Internacional, S.A., Institucion de Banca Multiple, Grupo Financiero Bital, as trustee, and the stockholders of the Company named therein, together with an English translation, (incorporated by reference on our registration statement on Form F-1 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 1997 (File No. 333-7472)). | |
8.1 | Subsidiaries of Industrias Bachoco S.A. de C.V. | |
12.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
12.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
13.1 | Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
86 |
SIGNATURE
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B de C.V. | ||
By: | /s/ Daniel Salazar Ferrer | |
Daniel Salazar Ferrer | ||
Chief Financial Officer |
Date: April 30, 2013
87 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C V:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
(Continued)
F-1 |
As mentioned in note 6 to the consolidated financial statements, on November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. (the “Acquired Entity”) which owns five consolidated subsidiaries. OK Industries, Inc. operates and is located in the United States of America (U.S.A.). The results of operations of the Acquired Entity have been included in the consolidated financial statements from such date. The acquisition of this company originated a gain on bargain purchase of $1,000,565, (thousands of Mexican pesos) which was booked in other income in 2011.
As mentioned in note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, on March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and acquired 100% of the shares of OK Industries. From such date Bachoco USA, LLC. acts as the holding company of OK Industries, Inc. and, therefore, of the operations of the Company in the U.S.A.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries’ internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated April 30, 2013 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG Cardenas Dosal, S.C.
Demetrio Villa Michel
Queretaro, Mexico
April 30, 2013
F-2 |
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
January 1, 2011, December 31 2011 and 2012
(Thousands of pesos)
Note | January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||
Assets | ||||||||||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 9 | $ | 3,967,874 | 2,625,661 | 4,179,541 | |||||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 10 | 209,348 | 410,721 | 961,968 | ||||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments | 10 | 12,897 | 10,208 | 2,938 | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | 11 | 1,436,501 | 2,235,152 | 2,220,638 | ||||||||||||
Inventories, net | 12 | 3,211,769 | 4,562,355 | 5,829,837 | ||||||||||||
Biological current assets | 13 | 153,993 | 217,354 | 266,482 | ||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 14 | 505,114 | 752,150 | 868,878 | ||||||||||||
Assets available for sale | 15 | 40,222 | 95,647 | 51,507 | ||||||||||||
Total currents assets | 9,537,718 | 10,909,248 | 14,381,789 | |||||||||||||
Non-current assets: | ||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 16 | 10,544,031 | 12,112,945 | 11,949,516 | ||||||||||||
Biological non-current assets | 13 | 750,288 | 1,029,642 | 1,106,120 | ||||||||||||
Goodwill | 3 (e) | 300,848 | 300,848 | 300,848 | ||||||||||||
Other non-current assets | 17 | 64,884 | 364,637 | 301,911 | ||||||||||||
Total non-currents assets | 11,660,051 | 13,808,072 | 13,658,395 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 21,197,769 | 24,717,320 | 28,040,184 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities and equity | ||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Short term debt | 18 | $ | - | 1,277,750 | 1,081,496 | |||||||||||
Current installments of long-term debt | 18 | 139,867 | 175,243 | 115,560 | ||||||||||||
Trade payable and other accounts payable | 19 | 1,966,014 | 2,921,441 | 3,445,245 | ||||||||||||
Related parties | 20 | 60,873 | 78,543 | 88,039 | ||||||||||||
Total current liabilities | 2,166,754 | 4,452,977 | 4,730,340 | |||||||||||||
Long term liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||
Long term debt, excluding current installments | 18 | 507,053 | 384,370 | 1,526,602 | ||||||||||||
Deferred income tax | 21 | 2,016,057 | 2,400,107 | 2,597,940 | ||||||||||||
Employee benefits | 22 | 77,885 | 100,038 | 96,613 | ||||||||||||
Total long term liabilities | 2,600,995 | 2,884,515 | 4,221,155 | |||||||||||||
Total liabilities | 4,767,749 | 7,337,492 | 8,951,495 | |||||||||||||
Equity: | 25 | |||||||||||||||
Capital stock | 1,174,432 | 1,174,432 | 1,174,432 | |||||||||||||
Share premium | 399,641 | 399,641 | 399,641 | |||||||||||||
Reserve for repurchase of shares | 88,690 | 88,481 | 99,474 | |||||||||||||
Translation reserve | - | 64,387 | (26,916 | ) | ||||||||||||
Retained earnings | 14,737,340 | 15,614,760 | 17,405,360 | |||||||||||||
Equity attributable to owners of the Company | 16,400,103 | 17,341,701 | 19,051,991 | |||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 29,917 | 38,127 | 36,698 | |||||||||||||
Total equity | 16,430,020 | 17,379,828 | 19,088,689 | |||||||||||||
Commitments | 27 | |||||||||||||||
Contingencies | 28 | |||||||||||||||
Subsequent events | 32 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 21,197,769 | 24,717,320 | 28,040,184 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-3 |
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012
(Thousands of pesos, except per share amount)
Note | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Net revenues | 20 (b) | $ | 27,734,990 | 39,367,431 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 20 (b) | 24,797,037 | 33,318,207 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 2,937,953 | 6,049,224 | ||||||||||
General, selling and administrative expenses | 20 (b) | 2,974,733 | 3,396,655 | |||||||||
Other income (expenses), net | 31 | 999,965 | (23,810 | ) | ||||||||
Operating income | 963,185 | 2,628,759 | ||||||||||
Finance income | 30 | 248,282 | 270,032 | |||||||||
Finance costs | 30 | (70,640 | ) | (105,000 | ) | |||||||
Net finance income | 177,642 | 165,032 | ||||||||||
Profit before income taxes | 1,140,827 | 2,793,791 | ||||||||||
Income taxes | 21 | (38,616 | ) | 602,020 | ||||||||
Profit for the year | $ | 1,179,443 | 2,191,771 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||
Currency translation effect | 64,387 | (186,095 | ) | |||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year | $ | 1,243,830 | 2,005,676 | |||||||||
Profit attributable to: | ||||||||||||
Controlling interest | $ | 1,177,346 | 2,184,567 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 2,097 | 7,204 | ||||||||||
Profit for the year | $ | 1,179,443 | 2,191,771 | |||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to: | ||||||||||||
Controlling interest | $ | 1,241,733 | 1,998,472 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 2,097 | 7,204 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year | $ | 1,243,830 | 2,005,676 | |||||||||
Weighted average outstanding shares (thousands) | 599,822 | 598,960 | ||||||||||
Basic and diluted earnings per share | 26 | $ | 1.96 | 3.65 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-4 |
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012
(Thousands of pesos)
Attributable to owners of the Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reserve for | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Share | repurchase of | Translation | Retained | Non-controlling | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note | stock | premium | shares | reserve | earnings | Total | interest | equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 1,174,432 | 399,641 | 88,690 | - | 14,737,340 | 16,400,103 | 29,917 | 16,430,020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid | 25 (d) | - | - | - | - | (299,926 | ) | (299,926 | ) | - | (299,926 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | (912 | ) | (912 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and sale of shares | 25 (c) | - | - | (209 | ) | - | - | (209 | ) | - | (209 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquired non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7,025 | 7,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 1,177,346 | 1,177,346 | 2,097 | 1,179,443 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | 64,387 | - | 64,387 | - | 64,387 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | 64,387 | 1,177,346 | 1,241,733 | 2,097 | 1,243,830 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 1,174,432 | 399,641 | 88,481 | 64,387 | 15,614,760 | 17,341,701 | 38,127 | 17,379,828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid | 25 (d) | - | - | - | - | (299,175 | ) | (299,175 | ) | - | (299,175 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | - | - | - | - | - | - | (491 | ) | (491 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase and sale of shares | 25 (c) | - | - | 10,993 | - | - | 10,993 | - | 10,993 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dispossal of non-controlling interest from disolution | - | - | - | - | - | - | (8,142 | ) | (8,142 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income for the year: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 2,184,567 | 2,184,567 | 7,204 | 2,191,771 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | (91,303 | ) | (94,792 | ) | (186,095 | ) | - | (186,095 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income for the year | - | - | - | (91,303 | ) | 2,089,775 | 1,998,472 | 7,204 | 2,005,676 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 1,174,432 | 399,641 | 99,474 | (26,916 | ) | 17,405,360 | 19,051,991 | 36,698 | 19,088,689 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-5 |
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012
(Thousands of pesos)
Note | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||||
Profit for the year | $ | 1,179,443 | 2,191,771 | |||||||||
Adjustments for: | ||||||||||||
Income tax recognized in profit or loss | 21 | (108,202 | ) | 235,603 | ||||||||
Bargain purchase on business combinations | (1,047,245 | ) | - | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 16 | 745,837 | 837,807 | |||||||||
Loss on sale of plant and equipment | 46,671 | 65,323 | ||||||||||
Interest income | 30 | (193,777 | ) | (222,063 | ) | |||||||
Interest expense | 30 | 69,744 | 105,000 | |||||||||
Foreign exchange loss on loans | 34,500 | (52,687 | ) | |||||||||
Cash flows provided by operating activities before changes in working capital and provisions | 726,971 | 3,160,754 | ||||||||||
Derivative financial instruments | 2,689 | 7,270 | ||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net | (435,320 | ) | 14,514 | |||||||||
Inventories, net | (387,569 | ) | (1,267,482 | ) | ||||||||
Biological assets current and long term | (342,715 | ) | (125,606 | ) | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (216,722 | ) | (116,728 | ) | ||||||||
Assets available for sale | (9,075 | ) | 44,140 | |||||||||
Trade payable and other accounts payable | 443,987 | 532,030 | ||||||||||
Related parties | 17,670 | 9,496 | ||||||||||
Employee benefits | 22,153 | (3,425 | ) | |||||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities | (177,931 | ) | 2,254,963 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||||
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment | (707,533 | ) | (951,760 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from sale of plant and equipment | 83,946 | 81,591 | ||||||||||
Financial instruments | (201,373 | ) | (551,247 | ) | ||||||||
Other assets | (146,389 | ) | 62,726 | |||||||||
Interest collected | 193,777 | 222,063 | ||||||||||
Business acquisitions | (1,326,741 | ) | - | |||||||||
Cash flows used in investing activities | (2,104,313 | ) | (1,136,627 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||||
Share premium and reserve for repurchases of shares | (209 | ) | 10,993 | |||||||||
Dividends paid | (299,926 | ) | (299,175 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings | 1,921,609 | 3,069,787 | ||||||||||
Interest paid | (60,809 | ) | (105,000 | ) | ||||||||
Dividends paid to non-controlling interest | (912 | ) | (491 | ) | ||||||||
Currency translation effect | 33,440 | (93,397 | ) | |||||||||
Dispossal of non-controlling interest from disolution | - | (8,142 | ) | |||||||||
Principal payment on loans | (774,601 | ) | (2,130,805 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities | 818,592 | 443,770 | ||||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (1,463,652 | ) | 1,562,106 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 | 3,967,874 | 2,625,661 | ||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents | 121,439 | (8,226 | ) | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 | $ | 2,625,661 | 4,179,541 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-6 |
INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S. A .B. DE C. V. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012
(Thousands of pesos, except per share amounts)
(1) | Reporting entity |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (collectively referred to as “Bachoco” or the “Company”) a public stock corporation with variable capital was incorporated on April 17, 1980, as a legal entity. The Company’s registered address is Avenida Tecnológico 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, México.
The Company is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs), swine and other products (principally balanced animal feed). Bachoco is a holding company that has control over a group of subsidiaries (see note 7).
The shares of the Company are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (MSE) under the symbol “Bachoco”; and on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the symbol “IBA”.
(2) | Basis of preparation |
a) | Statement of compliance |
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB), adopted by public entities in Mexico in accordance with the amendments to Rules for Public Companies and other Entities Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange Market, established by the National Banking and Securities Commission on January 27, 2009 according to which, beginning in 2012 the Company is required to prepare financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
These are the Company’s first consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS, and the IFRS 1, “First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards”, has been applied.
On April 19, 2012 Bachoco issued its last consolidated financial statements prepared under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“NIF”) as of December 2010 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.
Note 33 contain an explanation of how the transition to IFRS has affected the financial position, financial performance and cash flows reported by the Company.
F-7 |
On April 15, 2013, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes were authorized by the Company’s Finance Director, C.P. Daniel Salazar Ferrer and Controller Director C.P. Marco Antonio Esparza Serrano, for the Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders’ approvals. In accordance with the General Corporations Law and the bylaws of the Company, the stockholders are empowered to modify the consolidated financial statements after issuance.
b) | Basis of measurement |
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the statement of financial position:
· | Financial derivative instruments for trading and hedging purposes attributable to fair value, primary investment securities and equity securities at fair value in gains or losses; |
· | Non-derivative financial instruments at fair value though profit or loss re measured at fair value. |
· | Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs to sell; |
· | The defined benefit plan asset are recognized at fair value; |
c) | Functional and presentation currency |
These consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of Mexican pesos (“pesos” or “$”), national currency of México, which is the Company’s recording and functional currency, except for the foreign subsidiary that uses the dollar as its recording and functional currency.
For disclosure purposes, in the notes to the financial statements, “thousands of pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “thousands of dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars.
F-8 |
When it is deemed relevant, certain amounts presented in the notes to the financial statements are included between parentheses as a convenience translation into thousands of dollars, into thousands of pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are provided as informative data and should not be construed that these amounts should be converted into thousands of pesos or thousands of dollars at the indicated rate.
d) | Use of estimates and judgments |
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the facts and circumstances that support a change in estimates occur and in any future periods affected.
Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:
· | Note 10 – valuation of financial instruments |
· | Note 11 – allowance for doubtful accounts |
· | Note 12 – inventories |
· | Note 13 – biological assets |
· | Note 15 – assets available for sale |
· | Note 16 – useful lives of property, plant and equipment |
· | Note 21 – deferred income tax assets |
· | Note 22 – measurement defined labor obligation |
The information on assumptions and uncertainty of estimates having a significant risk of a material adjustment within the next year is included in the note below:
· | Note 28 – contingencies. |
F-9 |
(3) | Significant accounting policies |
The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements, and have been applied consistently by the Company and its subsidiaries in preparing the opening consolidated IFRS statement of financial position as at January 1, 2011, for the purposes of the transition to IFRS.
(a) | Basis of consolidation |
i. | Business acquisitions |
Acquisitions since January 1, 2011
Business acquisitions made since January 1, 2011 are accounted for by the purchase method. For each business acquisition, the non-controlling interest in the acquiree is valued either at fair value or according to the proportionate interest in acquiree’s identifiable net assets.
On a business acquisition, the Company evaluates the financial assets acquired and the financial liabilities assumed for proper classification and designation according to the contractual terms, economic circumstances and relevant conditions at the acquisition date.
Goodwill is originally valued at cost, and represents any excess of the transferred consideration over the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the goodwill is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issue of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs related to a business combination are expensed as incurred.
Any contingent consideration payable is measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not remeasured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit or loss.
Acquisitions prior to January 1, 2011
As part of its transition to IFRS, the Company elected not to restate those business combinations that occurred prior to January 1, 2011. Goodwill in respect of acquisitions prior to this date represents the amount recognized under the accounting criteria previously followed by the Company.
ii. | Subsidiaries |
Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases (see note 7).
F-10 |
iii. | Transactions eliminated in consolidation |
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized gain and loss arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
b) | Foreign currency |
i. | Foreign currency transactions |
Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Company at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain or loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period, adjusted for effective interest and payments during the period, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Foreign currency differences arising in retranslation are recognized in profit or loss.
ii.Foreign operations
The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, are translated to pesos at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to pesos at the average exchange rate of the period of the transactions.
Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income, and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity.
F-11 |
Foreign exchange gains or losses arising from an item received from or payable to a foreign operation, whose settlement is neither planned nor likely in the foreseeable future, are considered part of a net investment in a foreign operation and are recognized under “other comprehensive income” account, and presented within equity in the foreign currency translation reserve. At 1 January 2011, as well as at 31 December 2011 and 2012 the Company does not have such operations.
c) | Financial instruments |
i. | Non-derivative financial assets |
Non-derivative financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, trade receivable and other receivables.
The Company initially recognizes accounts receivables and cash equivalents on the date that they are originated. All other financial assets (including assets designated as at fair value through profit or loss) are recognized initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
The Company has the following non-derivative financial assets: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity financial assets, cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
A financial asset is classified as at fair value through profit or loss if it is classified as held-for-trading or is designated as such on initial recognition. Financial assets are designated as at fair value through profit or loss if the Company manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value in accordance with the Company´s documented risk management or investment strategy. Upon initial recognition, attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.
Held-to-maturity financial assets
If the Company has the intention and ability to hold debt instruments to maturity quoted on an active market, then such financial assets are classified as held-to-maturity. Held-to-maturity financial assets are originally recognized at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequently to initial recognition, held-to-maturity financial assets are measured at their amortized cost by using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses. Any sale or reclassification of a more than insignificant amount of held-to-maturity investments would result in the reclassification of all held-to-maturity investments as available-for-sale, and prevent the Company from classifying investment securities as held-to-maturity for the current and the following two years.
F-12 |
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits with maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value, and are used by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments.
Receivables
Receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognised initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, receivables are measured at amortized cost. Receivables comprise trade and other receivables.
ii. | Non-derivative financial liabilities |
All financial liabilities are recognised initially on the trade date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
The Company derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are satisfied, cancelled or expire.
The Company has the following non-derivative financial liabilities: debt, senior bond issuance, trade and other payables.
The aforementioned financial liabilities are originally recognized at fair value, plus cost directly attributable to the transaction. Subsequently, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost during its term.
iii. | Derivative financial instruments |
Derivative financial instruments for fair value hedging or for trading purposes are initially recognized at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, the derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, and changes in fair value are immediately recognized in profit or loss.
The fair value of derivative financial instruments that are traded in recognized financial markets is based on quotes issued by these markets; when a derivative financial instrument is traded “Over the Counter” market, the fair value is determined based on internal models and market inputs accepted in the financial environment.
F-13 |
The Company analyzes if the embedded derivatives exist that should be segregated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. A separate instrument with the same terms as those of the embedded derivative meet the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit or loss. Changes in fair value of the separable embedded derivatives are immediately recognized in profit or loss. At January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has not recognized embedded derivatives.
The Company has derivative instruments for accounting fair value hedging for its exposure to commodity price risks resulting from its operating activities. Derivative instruments not meeting the requirements for hedge accounting treatment are accounted for as derivative trading instruments.
On initial designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument, the Company formally documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and hedged item, including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction and the hedged risk, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship. The Company makes an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis, of whether the hedging instruments are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in the fair value of the respective hedged items during the period for which the hedge is designated and whether the actual results of each hedge are within a range of 80 – 125 percent.
Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as follows:
F-14 |
Fair value hedging
When a derivative is designated as a fair value hedging instrument, the fluctuations of both the derivative and the primary position for the hedged risk(s) are measured at fair value and recognized in profit or loss.
If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or the designation is revoked, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively.
iv. | Capital stock |
Ordinary shares
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.
Stock repurchase
When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the reserve for own shares. When treasury shares are sold or reissued subsequently, the amount received as well as the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recognized in equity.
d) | Property, plant and equipment |
i. | Recognition and measurement |
Property, plant and equipment, except for land, are measured at the acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. As of the transition date to IFRS, the Company elected the “Deemed Cost” option, thus recognizing the values of property, plant and equipment as determined under Mexican Financial Reporting Standards as of the transition date (see note 33).
The acquisition cost includes the purchase price, as well as any cost directly attributable to the asset acquisition, and all costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use.
When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment.
F-15 |
A component of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognized is retired at the time of disposal or when economic benefits from use or disposal are not expected to be realized in the future. Gains or losses on the sale of a property, plant and equipment item are determined by comparing the proceeds from the sale with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net under “other income” in profit or loss for the year.
ii. | Subsequent costs |
The replacement cost of a property, plant and equipment item is capitalized if the future economic benefits associated with the cost will flow to the Company and the related cost may be reliably determined. The carrying amount of the replaced item is written off from the accounting records. Maintenance and repairs expenses related to property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred.
iii. | Depreciation |
Depreciation is computed on the amount subject to depreciation, which is the asset cost, or other amount substituting the cost. The depreciable amount normally does not reduce residual values as they are not representative considering the industry in which the entity operates.
Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life of the assets and recognized in profit or loss beginning in the month following that in which they are available for use. Land is not depreciated.
The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative years of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:
· | Buildings | 20 - 40 years |
· | Machinery and equipment | 7 - 15 years |
· | Transportation equipment | 6 years |
· | Computer equipment | 3 years |
· | Furniture | 3 years |
Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted if appropriate.
F-16 |
e) | Goodwill |
Goodwill arises on the acquisition of the entities over which control is obtained. Negative goodwill arises in the business combination at bargain purchase is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
Goodwill is measured at cost less cumulative impairment losses and is subject to annual tests for impairment.
f) | Biological assets |
Biological assets are measured at fair value less costs to sell, with any change therein recognized in profit or loss. Costs to sell include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets.
The Company’s biological assets consist of hens in production, laying and breeder hens incubatable eggs, and breeder pigs.
When the fair value cannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, the assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation and any cumulative impairment loss.
Cumulative impairment loss in productivity of poultry and breeder pigs is estimated based on the future life expected and determined on a straight-line basis.
The agricultural products obtained from biological assets are live chicken, processed chicken, commercial eggs and pigs available for sale, which are recognized as inventories in the statement of financial position.
The Company is exposed to financial risks related to changes in chicken price. The Company does not contemplate a significant drop in chicken price in the future; therefore, it has not entered into any financial derivative or contract for managing the risk related to a decrease in chicken price.
The Company reviews the chicken prices frequently so as to evaluate the need for having a financial instrument to manage the risk.
The biological assets were classified in current and non-current assets, based on their availability and business cycle.
F-17 |
g) | Leased assets |
Operating leases of the Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2012, are not recognized in the Company’s statement of financial position. The rentals paid by the Company for the operating leases are recognized in profit or loss for the year by the straight-line method over the lease term, even though the payments are not made on the same basis.
h) | Inventories |
Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the average costs, and includes expenditure incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs, and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition.
Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and estimated costs necessary to make the sale.
Cost of sales represents cost of inventories at the time of sale, plus, if applicable, by reductions in the net realizable value of inventories during the year.
The Company records the necessary allowances to recognize declines in the value of their inventories impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the items that are part of inventory may be lower than the carrying value.
i) | Impairment |
i. | Financial assets |
A financial asset that is not recorded at fair value through profit or loss is assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that it is impaired. A financial asset is impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset, and that loss event(s) had an impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset that can be estimated reliably.
Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes default or delinquency by a debtor, restructuring of an amount due to the Company on terms that the Company would not consider otherwise, indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy, adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers, economic conditions that correlate with defaults or the disappearance of an active market for a security. In addition, for an investment in an equity security, a significant or prolonged decline in its fair value below its cost is objective evidence of impairment.
The Company considers evidence of impairment for financial assets measured at amortized cost (accounts receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities) at both a specific asset and collective level. All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities are assessed for specific impairment. All individually significant receivables and held-to-maturity investment securities found not to be specifically impaired are then collectively assessed for any impairment that has been incurred but not yet identified. Assets that are not individually significant are collectively assessed for impairment by grouping together assets with similar risk characteristics.
F-18 |
In assessing collective impairment the Company uses historical trends of the probability of default, timing of recoveries and the amount of loss incurred, adjusted for management’s judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual losses are likely to be greater or less than suggested by historical trends.
An impairment loss in respect of a financial asset measured at amortised cost is calculated as the difference between its carrying amount of the asset, and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account against receivables or held-to-maturity investment securities. Interest on the impaired asset continues being recognized. When a subsequent event causes the amount of impairment loss to decrease, the decrease in impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.
ii. | Non-financial assets |
The carrying amounts of the Company´s non-financial assets, other than inventories, biological assets and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment on the same dates.
The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (CGU) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. For impairment testing, assets that cannot be tested on an individual basis are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are independent of the cash inflows of other assets CGU. For the purpose of impairment testing of the goodwill, CGU to which goodwill has been allocated are aggregated so that the level at which impairment testing is performed reflects the lowest level at which goodwill is monitored for internal reporting purposes. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to groups of CGU that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
In regards to goodwill, the Company identifies the CGU related to balanced animal feed plants, chicken processing plants and some chicken farms for the Peninsula and Itsmo divisions in which such Goodwill was generated.
Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of CGU are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (group of CGUs), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU (group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis.
An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.
F-19 |
j) | Available-for-sale assets |
Assets available for sale mainly consist of foreclosed assets as well as an aircraft included with the acquisition of OK Industries, Inc. (note 6a). Management sold this aircraft in 2012.
Immediately before classification as available-for-sale, the assets are remeasured according to the Company’s accounting policies. Subsequently, available-for-sale assets are generally recorded at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less cost to sale the assets. Impairment losses on initial classification of available-for-sale assets and subsequent revaluation gains or losses are recognized in profit or loss. Gains exceeding any cumulative impairment loss are not recognized.
k) | Other assets |
Other long-term assets primarily include prepayments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, investments in insurance policies and investment in an associate company.
At December 31, 2011 y 2012, Bachoco USA (foreign subsidiary) holds a minority investment in Southern Hens, Inc. The Company does not exercise significant influence over the entity and therefore the investment is recorded at original cost which is similar to fair value at the acquisition date (see note 17).
Bachoco USA, (foreign subsidiary) owns life insurance policies of some of the previous shareholders. The Company records these policies to net cash surrender (see note 17).
F-20 |
l) | Employee benefits |
Benefit plan in Mexican operation
Bachoco has a retirement plan in which non-union workers in México participate. Pension benefits are determined based on the salary of workers in their final three years of service, the number of years worked in the Company and their age at retirement. This plan includes:
i Defined contribution plan
A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the periods during which related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan that are due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted to their present value.
ii Defined benefit plan
A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded only by contributions made by the Company and is intended to satisfy the Company’s labor obligations to employees.
The Company´s net obligation in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods. That benefit is discounted to determine its present value. Any unrecognized past service costs and the fair value of any plan assets are deducted. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on investment grade bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company´s and that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid.
F-21 |
The calculation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Group, the recognized asset is limited to the net total of any unrecognized past service costs and the present value of economic benefits available in the form of any future refunds from the plan or reductions in future contributions to the plan. In order to calculate the present value of economic benefits, consideration is given to any minimum funding requirements that apply to any plan in the Company. An economic benefit is available to the Company if it is realizable during the life of the plan, or on settlement of the plan liabilities.
When the benefits of a plan are improved, the portion of the increased benefit related to past service by employees is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the average period until the benefits become vested. To the extent that the benefits vest immediately, the expense is recognized immediately in profit or loss.
The Company recognizes the surplus that is outside the 10% margin of the actuarial gains and losses arising from defined benefit plans in the previous reporting date divided by the expected average life of the employees participating in the plan.
iii Short-term benefits
Short-term employee benefits are valued on a non-discounted basis and are recognized in profit or loss as respective services are rendered.
A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be payable under the short-term cash bonus plans or profit sharing, if the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to pay such amounts as a result of prior services rendered by the employee, and the obligation may be reliably estimated.
iv Termination benefits from constructive obligation
The Company recognized as a defined benefit plan, a constructive obligation from practices typically done. This constructive obligation is associated with the period of time that an employee rendered services to the Company. Payment of this benefit is made in one installment at the time that the employee voluntarily stops working for the Company.
Benefit plan in the foreign operation
Bachoco USA (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) defined contribution retirement plan covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation.
m) | Provisions |
A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.
F-22 |
When the effect of time value of money is significant, the amount of the provision is the present value of the expected disbursements necessary to settle the obligation. The discount rate applied is determined before taxes, and reflects the market conditions at the statement of financial position date, and takes into account the specific risk of the relevant liability, if any. In these cases, the increase in the provision is recognized as a finance cost.
n) | Revenue |
Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenue is recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the customer, recovery of the consideration relating to the transaction is probable, the associated costs and possible return of goods can be estimated reliably, there is no continuing management involvement with the goods, and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. If it is probable that discounts will be granted and the amount can be measured reliably, then the discount is recognized as a reduction of revenue.
The Company’s products are sold to a large number of customers, with no significant concentration with any specific customer.
o) | Finance income and costs |
Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and foreign currency gains. Interest income is recognized at amortized cost in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company´s right to receive payment is established.
F-23 |
Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, foreign currency losses, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognized in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis.
p) | Income taxes |
Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the fiscal year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted in each jurisdiction at the of the statement of financial position. Any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. Current tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the declaration of dividends.
Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax is not recognized for:
· | the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss; |
· | differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal, and the reversion is not expected to take place in the foreseeable future. |
· | taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill. |
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the legislations enacted or substantively enacted at the date of the statement of financial position.
F-24 |
In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Company takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Company believes that its accruals for the tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of many factors, including the interpretation of tax law and prior experience. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. New information may become available that causes the Company to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities; such changes to tax liabilities will impact tax expense in the period that such a determination is made.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each date of statement of financial position and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
q) | Earnings per share |
The Company presents information on the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for their ordinary shares. The basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the holders of the Company’s common shares by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period, adjusted for the own shares held. The diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to the holders of the ordinary shares and the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding, adjusted by the own shares held, for the effects of potential dilution of all ordinary shares, including the convertible instruments and options on share granted to employees. At December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company has no dilutive potential ordinary shares.
r) | Segment information |
An operating segment is a component of the company that is engaged in business activities from which revenues and expenses may be obtained and incurred, respectively, including revenues and expenses related to transactions with other components of the Company. The transactions between segments are determined on an arm’s-length basis.
The financial information by segments is prepared based on the management approach, as a segment represents the operating components of a company that are subject to risks and benefits and are different from other business segments. As a result of the acquisition of OK Industries, company located in the United States (see note 6a), beginning in 2011, geographical operating segments are also taken into consideration.
F-25 |
(4) | New standards and interpretations not yet adopted |
The following new Standards, modifications to Standards and Interpretations that are not in force as of December 31, 2012, have not been applied in preparing these consolidated financial statements.
· | IFRS 9 Financial Instruments will come into force for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2015; early adoption is permitted. The new Standard will be issued in various stages, and is intended to supersede IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The Company acknowledges that such adoption will affect the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The magnitude of the effect of adoption of this IFRS has not been determined. The Company acknowledges that the new standard introduces many changes to the accounting treatment of financial instruments, and is likely to have a significant effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The effect of such changes will be analyzed in the course of the project as additional stages of the standard are issued. |
· | In May 2011, the IASB issued the IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Standards, IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements, IFRS 12 Disclosure of interest in other entities, and NIIF 13 Fair Value Measurement. All of these standards are effective beginning on January 1, 2013, early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect a significant impact on the application of these standards. |
· | On June 16, 2011, the IASB issued modifications to IAS 19 Employee Benefits. The amendments improve the recognition and the requirements for dissemination of defined benefit plans. The new requirements are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013; early application is permitted. Among other changes, the amendments require a) the use of a single rate for determining the expected return on plan assets and the present value of the benefit liability discount (in overall "net finance costs"), b) the recognition of net finance cost over net pension liability (liabilities minus plan assets), rather than a finance cost over the liabilities and an expected return on assets separately; and c) the recognition of actuarial gains or losses for the period within comprehensive income or loss. The option of postponing the gains and losses, known as the "corridor method", is eliminated. Company does not anticipate that the impact will be material. |
F-26 |
· | In December 2011, the IASB modified IFRS 32, to incorporate compensation disclosures regarding assets and liabilities in the statement of financial position. The modified standard requires entities to disclose both amounts gross and offset, on eligible instruments and transactions to offset in the statement of financial position, as well as instruments and transactions subject to a offsetting agreement. The scope includes derivative instruments, purchase and sale agreements and purchase, sale and leaseback agreements and securities lending agreements. The amendments to IFRS 32 are effective from January 1, 2014 and retrospective application is required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting modified IFRS 32, however, the Company does not expect that the adoption of this modified IFRS will result a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements. |
(5) | Financial risk management |
The Company is exposed to the following risks related to the use of financial instruments to which risk management is applied:
· | credit risk |
· | liquidity risk |
· | market risk |
This note presents information on the Company’s exposure to each of the aforementioned risks, and the Company’s objectives, policies and procedures for risk measurement and management. Further quantitative disclosures are included in various sections of these consolidated financial statements.
Risk management framework
The risk philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize the risk and, therefore, to enhance its business stability, by opting for a sound relationship between the levels of risk assumed and its operating capabilities, for ensuring a better decision-making that will enable an optimal combination of products and assets leading to a risk-return ratio more in line with the stockholders’ risk profile.
Risk will mean the level of uncertainty associated with the Company’s future losses.
Risk Management will mean the “Set of objectives, policies, procedures and actions implemented to identify, measure, monitor, limit, control, report and disclose the various types of risks to which the entity is exposed”.
F-27 |
General Objectives
· | Promoting the development and application of a Risk Management culture, establishing guidelines that will ensure the efficient application of relevant Risk Management policies and procedures. |
· | Having sound Risk Management practices in place, consistent with relevant criteria and international recommendations. |
· | Implementing an efficient Risk Management that will allow performing the entity’s activities and ensuring levels of risk exposure consistent with the operating capability. |
Organizational structure
In order to create a clear and optimum Risk Management, the Company established the Risk Committee, which is the specialized body in terms of managing risks. At the Committee, objectives, policies, procedures, methodologies and strategies as well as maximum risk exposure limits and contingency plans are defined, proposed, approved and implemented.
Management by type of risk.
a) | Credit risk |
Credit risk is defined as the potential loss of an accounts receivable portfolio due to lack of payment by a debtor or for the nonperformance of a counterparty with which transactions with derivative or primary instruments are conducted.
The Credit Risk Management process begins with the execution of transactions with derivative and primary instruments, which are plainly exposed to a market risk but also to a counterparty risk.
Measurement and monitoring of counterparty risks
Currently, in terms of derivative and primary instruments, the Company has decided to measure and monitor its counterparty risk by calculating and identifying the Counterparty Valuation Adjustment (CVA).
F-28 |
Measurement and monitoring of accounts receivable
There is a policy whereby an allowance for doubtful accounts is established for balances of accounts which are likely not to be recovered. For defining the required reserve, the entity considers historical losses in evaluating the current market conditions as well as the financial condition of customers, accounts receivable in dispute, price differences, the aging of the portfolio and present payment patterns.
Risk reporting structure
This part of the report considers the change in the market value of the portfolio of derivative and primary instruments after the credit risk factor (CVA) has been applied to valuations.
The ratings of counterparties with which the entity has contracted derivatives are circumscribed.
CVA (Counterparty Valuation Adjustment)
In the case of investments in primary financial instruments in local currency, the valuation models for financial instruments used by price vendors are validated annually by the National Banking and Securities Commission (CNBV) and incorporate market movements and the credit quality of the issuers; therefore, it is implicitly included in the determination of the fair value of the transaction’s CVA. For this reason, the position in primary financial instruments includes the CVA and no other related study and/or adjustment will be performed. Price Vendor’s provided securities pricing, are released at mid prices.
Financial instruments denominated in foreign currencies and not listed in Mexico are valued with the prices included in the broker statements of accounts, which are taken from Bloomberg, the world’s largest price vendor. Furthermore, the entity validates such market prices in Bloomberg. Market prices included in Bloomberg incorporate market movements and the credit quality of issuers; therefore, it is implicitly included in the determination of the fair value of the transaction’s CVA. For this reason, the position in primary financial instruments includes the CVA and no other related study and/or adjustment will be performed. Price Vendor’s provided securities pricing, are released at mid prices.
In case of derivative financial instruments traded in “Over the Counter” markets, the CVA is calculated in Bloomberg. For accounting purposes, the CVA is part of the fair value of derivative financial instruments.
F-29 |
Trade and other accounts receivable
The assessment of accounts receivable impairment is made on a collective basis because there are no accounts with significant balances individually and due to their short term. The Company’s products are traded among a large number of customers without significant concentration with any of them. Among objective evidence of an impaired accounts receivable portfolio we may include the Company’s past experience as to collections, increase in the number of overdue payments that exceed the average credit period as well as observable changes in the national and local economic conditions that correlate with default on payments.
The Risk Management Committee has implemented a credit policy whereby each new customer is analyzed individually as to creditworthiness prior to extending it the payment terms and conditions. The Company’s review includes internal and external assessments and, in certain instances, bank references and looking up assets in the Public Registry. Purchase limits are set for each customer, which represent the maximum outstanding amount. Customers who fail to meet the Company’s credit references may only engage in cash or advance payment transaction with the Company.
The allowance for doubtful accounts includes impaired trade accounts receivable, which at December 31, 2011 and 2012 amounted to $38,537 and $46,681, respectively. Such allowance is determined based on the historical experience of accounts receivable, guarantees obtained, etc.
i. | Guarantees on loans granted |
The Company receives guarantees on loans granted, which consist of personal and real property such as plots of land, buildings, houses, transportation units, letters of credit and cash deposits. At December 31, 2011 and 2012, the fair value of guarantees, at appraisal value at the time of granting the loan amounted to $484,771 and $517,269, respectively.
ii. | Fair value |
The fair value and amortized cost of trade accounts receivable is the same since those are short term nature, with no significant financial component.
F-30 |
Investments
The Company limits its exposure to credit risk by investing only in liquid securities and with counterparties with a credit rating of at least A1 and A granted by Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s, respectively. Management continuously monitors credit ratings and since the Company has only invested in highly rated securities, management does not anticipate any counterparty default, except as disclosed in note 10.
Eventually, the debt and equity investments with the credit rating lower than those mentioned in the previous paragraph, are authorized by the Risk Committee and the Board of Directors.
Guarantees
It is the Company’s policy to grant financial guarantees only to wholly-owned subsidiaries.
b) | Liquidity risk |
Liquidity risk is defined as the potential loss due to the inability to renew liabilities or contract others in normal conditions, from the advance or compulsory sale of assets or unusual discounts in meeting its obligations, or, for the fact that a position may not be timely sold, acquired or covered by establishing an equivalent opposite position.
The Liquidity Risk Management process considers asset and liability management (ALM).
Its objective is:
· | Anticipating funding difficulties due to extreme events. |
Follow-up
Liquidity risks associated with ALM are measured, monitored and reported and authorization, application and operation limits are set as well as contingent action in case of liquidity requirements.
Liquidity risk due to differences between current cash flows and cash flows projected at various dates are measured and monitored, considering the totality of the entity’s asset and liability positions denominated in domestic and foreign currencies. Furthermore, the Company’s funding diversification and sources are evaluated.
F-31 |
The Company quantifies the potential loss due to the advanced or forced sale of assets at unusual discounts to timely face its obligations as well as for the fact that a position may not be timely sold, acquired or covered by establishing an equivalent opposite position.
This part of the report is deemed in the analysis of liquidity gaps, scenarios on insufficient liquidity and use of alternative sources of financing.
c) | Market risk |
Market risk is defined as: “The potential loss of a portfolio of derivative instruments and primary instruments for trading (speculation) purposes, due to changes in risk factors that impinge on the valuation of long or short positions. In this regard, uncertainty is detected if future losses resulting from changes in market conditions (interest rates, exchange rates, price of commodities, etc.) that have a direct impact on price changes both of assets and liabilities.
The Company measures, monitors and reports all financial instruments subject to market risks, using to such end the sensitivity measurement models for measuring potential losses associated to changes in risk variables, in accordance with the various interest and exchange rate scenarios over a period of time.
Follow up
Sensitivities are reported at least monthly. These values are compared to the limits and any excesses are immediately reported as stipulated in the Risk Manual.
Stress testing
Stress tests are performed on a quarterly or more regular basis, based on the following assumptions. To this end, the value of portfolios is calculated considering the changes in risk factors observed in historical financial stress dates, including, among others:
· | Changes in the exchange rates, interest rates, commodities prices; scenarios:+5%, -5%, +25%, -25%, +50%, -50% |
· | 2008 (+25% in the MXN/USD exchange rate) |
i) Exchange Risk
The Company is exposed to an exchange risk on sales, purchases and borrowings denominated in a currency other than its functional currency, which is the peso. The foreign currency in which such transaction is denominated is primarily the US dollar.
F-32 |
The Company protects by derivative instruments for hedging a percentage of its estimated exposure to variance in exchange rate in regards to the projected sales and purchases during the year and months, as required. Maturities of all the aforementioned instruments as hedges for its exchange risks are less than one year from the date of contracting. At December 31, 2012 the Company have not financial derivates instruments about tax rate (see note 10d).
The Company is exposed to exchange rate risk (Peso/USD denominated instruments) within the assets and liabilities as: primary instruments (investments), financial liabilities and commodity derivatives that are denominated in a other currency than its functional currency. In this regard the Company does not perform sensitivity analysis in order to measure the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the asset an liabilities described.
ii) Interest rate risk
The Company is exposed to interest rate risk in the assets and liabilities as: primary instruments (with floating rates), financial liabilities (loans and debt issuance) and interest rate derivatives (e.g Interest Rate Swaps (IRS)). The Company performs a sensitivity analysis to measure the effect of changes in interest rates in derivative instruments as of December 31, 2012, while for the other instruments described, no sensitivity analysis is performed. The Company’s Risk Policy does not restrict exposure to different interest rates, neither establishes limits for fixed or floating rates.
F-33 |
d) | Quantitative measurements of sensitivity |
Main quantitative sensitivities of the current derivative financial instruments at December 31, 2012 related to commodities prices and rates, as well as the impact of different scenarios based on the established limits, are as follows:
Sensitivity report of Financial Derivative Instruments (FDI´s) to different market scenarios
Commodities | Effect | Limit | Effect | Limit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Scenarios | Rates | Mex | USA | Total | % | Prev. | Max | % | Prev. | Max. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-50% | $ | (1,040 | ) | (19,532 | ) | (71,377 | ) | (91,949 | ) | -2.9 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | -2.0 | % | -1.25 | % | 2.50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
-25% | (444 | ) | (10,572 | ) | (35,917 | ) | (46,934 | ) | -1.5 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | -1.0 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
-5% | 32 | (3,404 | ) | (7,549 | ) | (10,922 | ) | -0.3 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | -0.2 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
0.00% | 151 | (1,612 | ) | (457 | ) | (1,919 | ) | -0.1 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | 0.0 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
5% | 270 | 180 | 6,634 | 7,084 | 0.2 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | 0.2 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
25% | 746 | 7,348 | 35,002 | 43,096 | 1.4 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | 0.9 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
50% | 1,342 | 16,308 | 70,462 | 88,112 | 2.8 | % | -2.5 | % | -5.0 | % | 1.9 | % | -1.25 | % | -2.50 | % |
For FX ($12.87), Rate (TIIE 28 days 4.8475%) and commodities (corn and soybean meal), the effect of the current position is a loss of $1,919, mainly originated by losses on commodity programs in Mex of $1,612. The exposure of current positions is below of the preventive and maximum limits approved by the and Risk Committee.
In market stress scenarios where all hedging programs managed by the Company would be affected by a decline of 50% and 25%, the effect of total exposure would be a loss of $91,949 and $46,934, respectively.
Such amounts represent a negative effect of 2.9% and 1.5% respectively, compared to EBITDA of the last 12 months. On the other hand, the total amount of cash would have a negative impact on EBITDA of 2.0% and 1.0%, respectively.
F-34 |
Consumption report of risk market limits
Commodities | ||||||||||||||||||
Scenario | Rates | Mexico | USA | Total | ||||||||||||||
-50.00 | % | $ | (1,040 | ) | (19,532 | ) | (71,377 | ) | (91,949 | ) | ||||||||
-25.00 | % | (444 | ) | (10,572 | ) | (35,917 | ) | (46,933 | ) | |||||||||
-5.00 | % | 32 | (3,404 | ) | (7,549 | ) | (10,921 | ) | ||||||||||
0.00 | % | 151 | (1,612 | ) | (457 | ) | (1,918 | ) | ||||||||||
5.00 | % | 270 | 180 | 6,634 | 7,084 | |||||||||||||
25.00 | % | 746 | 7,348 | 35,002 | 43,096 | |||||||||||||
50.00 | % | 1,342 | 16,308 | 70,462 | 88,112 |
Commodities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current market levels | FX | Rates | Mexico | USA | Total | |||||||||||||||
Preventive limit | $ | (25,740 | ) | (3,000 | ) | (25,740 | ) | (25,740 | ) | (80,220 | ) | |||||||||
Consumption | 0 | % | -5 | % | 6 | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||||
Maximum limit | (64,350 | ) | (10,000 | ) | (64,350 | ) | (64,350 | ) | 203,050 | |||||||||||
Consumption | $ | 0 | % | -2 | % | 3 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % |
Commodities | ||||||||||||||||||||
Current stress levels (-25%) | FX | Rates | Mexico | USA | Total | |||||||||||||||
Preventive limit | (25,740 | ) | $ | (3,000 | ) | (25,740 | ) | (25,740 | ) | (80,220 | ) | |||||||||
Consumption | 0 | % | 15 | % | 41 | % | 140 | % | 59 | % | ||||||||||
Maximum limit | (64,350 | ) | $ | (10,000 | ) | (64,350 | ) | (64,350 | ) | (203,050 | ) | |||||||||
Consumption | 0 | % | 4 | % | 16 | % | 56 | % | 23 | % |
F-35 |
A negative consumption means that the overall position presents valuation gain, while positive consumption means valuation loss.
At market levels of the ended year, the preventive consumption limit of all programs is 2% due to the fact that current position is negative. Moreover, the consumption of the maximum acceptable limit is 1%, as a result of the mentioned above.
At stress levels of -25% of current market prices, the preventive limits of consumption of total hedging programs is 59%. On the other hand, the maximum acceptable limit of consumption is 23%.
The current sensitivities of the Interest Rate Swap (IRS) at year end considering different scenarios and its impact in pesos, is as follows:
Current positions
Debt levels and natural currency effects
December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Scenarios | Rates | Average debt | Effect MXN | Current debt | % of exposure | |||||||||||||||||
-50.00 | % | 2.4238 | % | $ | 151,910 | $ | (1,040 | ) | $ | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||
-25.00 | % | 3.6356 | % | 151,910 | (444 | ) | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | |||||||||||||
-5.00 | % | 4.6051 | % | 151,910 | 32 | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
0.00 | % | 4.8475 | % | 151,910 | 151 | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
5.00 | % | 5.0899 | % | 151,910 | 270 | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
25.00 | % | 6.0594 | % | 151,910 | 746 | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % | ||||||||||||||
50.00 | % | 7.2713 | % | 151,910 | 1,342 | 2,741,250 | 5.5 | % |
At current levels of 28-days TIIE of 4.8475%, the effect of the current secured debt represents $151 of profit and accounts for 5.5% of the total debt of the Company.
If the 28-day TIIE moves in ranges of -5%, +5%, +25% and +50%, current hedge gain exposure levels would be $32, $270, $746 and $1,342 in each one of the levels, respectively.
In market stress scenarios with fluctuations of -50% and -25%, the loss exposure levels for current hedge would be $1,040 and $444, respectively.
F-36 |
Sensitivity of derivative financial instruments related to commodity prices under various scenarios in Mexico, is as follows:
Current position of commodities
December 31, 2012 (Exchange rate: $12.87)
Corn + Soybean | ||||||||||||||
Closing variation base | B/TC* Comp | Effect (thousand USD) | Effect (thousand MXN) | |||||||||||
-50.0 | % | 282,000 | (1,518 | ) | $ | (19,532 | ) | |||||||
-25.0 | % | 282,000 | (821 | ) | (10,572 | ) | ||||||||
-5.0 | % | 282,000 | (265 | ) | (3,404 | ) | ||||||||
0.0 | % | 282,000 | (125 | ) | (1,612 | ) | ||||||||
5.0 | % | 282,000 | 14 | 180 | ||||||||||
25.0 | % | 282,000 | 571 | 7,348 | ||||||||||
50.0 | % | 282,000 | 1,267 | 16,305 |
*Bushels/Short Tons
At price levels or the year-end the corn and soybean agreements would be a loss of 125 USD or $1,612.
At price sensitivity levels of, +5%, +25% and +5% in the corn and soybean agreements, the obtained result in the current position of IFDs of would be gain of $180, $7,348 and $16,305 profit of at each level, respectively.
At price sensitivity levels of, -50%, -25% and -50% in the corn and soybean agreements, the obtained result in the current position of IFDs of would be loss of $19,352, $10,572 and $3,404 of at each level, respectively.
F-37 |
Sensitivity of derivative financial instruments related to commodity prices of Bachoco USA under various scenarios is as follows:
Corn + Soybean | ||||||||||||||
Variation Closing base | B/TC* Comp | Effect
(thousand of USD) | Effect
(thousand of MXN) | |||||||||||
-50.0 | % | 1,270,600 | (5,546 | ) | $ | (71,377 | ) | |||||||
-25.0 | % | 1,270,600 | (2,791 | ) | (35,917 | ) | ||||||||
-5.0 | % | 1,270,600 | (587 | ) | (7,549 | ) | ||||||||
0.0 | % | 1,270,600 | (36 | ) | (457 | ) | ||||||||
5.0 | % | 1,270,600 | 515 | 6,634 | ||||||||||
25.0 | % | 1,270,600 | 2,720 | 35,002 | ||||||||||
50.0 | % | 1,270,600 | 5,475 | 70,462 |
*Bushels/Short Tons
Note: This sensitivity analysis considers up and down variations based on the closing price of each corn and soybean agreements.
At prices levels of the year end, the corn and soybean agreements woul be a loss of 36 USD or $ 457.
At price sensitivity levels of -5%, +5% in corn and soybeans agreements, the result in the current position of IFDs of Bachoco USA would be ($7,549), and $ 6,634 of loss and profit, respectively.
At price sensitivity levels of -50%, -25%, +25% and +50%, the result in the current position of IFDs would be $71,377 and $35,917 of loss, and $ 35,002 and $70,462 of profit, respectively.
e) | Capital Management |
The Company lacks a formal policy for managing capital; however, management seeks maintaining an adequate capital base for satisfying the Company’s operational and strategic needs and maintaining the confidence of market participants. This is attained through effective cash management, monitoring the Company’s revenues and profit as well as the long-term investment plans that mainly finance the Company’s operating cash flows. These measures allow the Company attains constant profit growth.
F-38 |
(6) | Business and assets acquisitions |
a) | OK Industries acquisition |
On November 1, 2011, the Company acquired 100% percent of the voting stock of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (Acquired Entity). Income of the Acquired Entity has been included in the consolidated financial statements from such date. The Acquired Entity is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken) to supplier autoservices networks, fast food networks and others in the U.S and foreign markets. The aggregate purchase price that was paid in cash amounted $1,269,306 (93.4 million USD).
On March 2, 2012 Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated as a subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V., Bachoco USA, LLC acquired 100% of the shares of OK Industries.
The consolidated financial statements of Bachoco as of December 31, 2011 include the balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries, as of such date, based on the best estimate of its net asset’s fair value as of the acquisition date, and its results of operations for the two-month period ended December 31, 2011. The fair values of these assets acquired were determined using the cost and market approaches.
The cost approach, which estimates value by determining the current cost of replacing an asset with another of equivalent economic utility, was utilized primarily for plant and equipment. The cost to replace a given asset reflects the estimated reproduction or replacement cost for the asset, less an allowance for loss in value due to depreciation. The market approach, which indicates value for a subject asset based on available market pricing for comparable assets, was utilized primarily for real estate. The market approach indicates value based on financial multiples available for similar entities and adjustments for the lack of control or lack of marketability that market participants would consider in determining fair value.
Due to their short-term maturities, the Company believes the carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivables, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value at the acquisition date. At the acquisition date, inventories are stated at their net realizable value. The Company’s investment in an unconsolidated entity is recorded at its historical cost and the investment in insurance contracts is recorded at its aggregate net cash surrender value, both of which approximate fair value at the acquisition date.
F-39 |
Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed
A summary follows of the main classes of consideration transferred and the recognized amounts of acquired assets and assumed liabilities at the acquisition date. The following summarizes the acquired condensed balance sheet of OK Industries, Inc., including the application of purchase accounting adjustments to record the best estimate fair value of assets and liabilities at the date of acquisition (November 1, 2011), as well as additional adjustments to the balance of certain items. Such adjustments arose from additional information obtained during the measurement period and were recognized retroactively at the date of acquisition in accordance with IFRS 3:
Previously recognized value | Measurement period adjustment | Adjusted balance | ||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 1,332,762 | - | 1,332,762 | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,693,980 | (53,531 | ) | 1,640,449 | ||||||||
Other assets | 153,364 | - | 153,364 | |||||||||
Total assets | 3,180,106 | (53,531 | ) | 3,126,575 | ||||||||
Current liabilities | (390,001 | ) | - | (390,001 | ) | |||||||
Deferred income tax | (519,189 | ) | 59,511 | (459,678 | ) | |||||||
Non-controlling interest | (7,025 | ) | - | (7,025 | ) | |||||||
Net acquired assts | 2,263,891 | 5,980 | 2,269,871 | |||||||||
Consideration paid | 1,269,306 | 1,269,306 | ||||||||||
Gain on bargain purchase (note 31) | $ | 994,585 | 1,000,565 |
This gain was derived due that the former strategies resulted in high cost structure and limited opportunity to improve profitability; as a consequence the fair value of the enterprise was found lower than the respective fair values of its components. Therefore, after reviewing if all the acquired assets and assumed liabilities had been properly identified and recognizing any additional assets identified in this review, a gain was recognized as bargain purchase price in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.
Had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2011, management estimates that consolidated revenues and consolidated profits for the period would have totaled $34,809,853 and $911,952, respectively. In determining these amounts, management has assumed that adjustments to fair value determined temporarily, originating on the acquisition date would have been the same had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2011.
F-40 |
Trosi de Carne acquisition
On August 20, 2011, Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets of Trosi de Carne, S.A. de C.V. In accordance with IFRS 3, such net assets qualify as business combination. With the acquisition of the net assets, the Company will be dedicated to the production of high value added products from beef and pork. Below is a summary of the assets acquired at their fair value (determined within the measurement period and recorded at the acquisition date in accordance with IFRS 3) and the purchase price paid in cash.
Property, plant and equipment | $ | 98,385 | ||
Working capital | 24,232 | |||
Deferred income tax | (18,170 | ) | ||
104,447 | ||||
Consideration paid | 57,723 | |||
Gain on bargain purchase (note 31) | $ | 46,724 |
b) | Costs related to OK industries acquisition. |
During 2011, the Company incurred costs related to OK Industries acquisition of $11,426 corresponding to external legal fees and due diligence costs. The external legal fees and due diligence costs have been included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011 (see note 31).
c) | Acquisition of fixed assets Mercantil Agropecuario Coromuel, S.A. de C.V. (“MACSA”) |
On December 16, 2011, Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (subsidiary) acquired certain assets from MACSA located in the state of Baja California. The transaction consisted of the acquisition of property, plant and equipment, for an amount of $55,522. The acquisition intend increase the brand commercial presence and improve the distribution channels in that region.
F-41 |
(7) | Subsidiaries of the Company |
Subsidiaries and Company´s stockownership interest percentage over such entities as of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, are listed below:
Name | Ownership interest percentage in Subsidiaries | |||||||||||||
January | December 31 | |||||||||||||
Country | 1, 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||
Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
OK Industries Inc., and Subsidiaries | U.S. | - | 100.00 | - | ||||||||||
Bachoco USA, LLC. & Sub. | U.S. | - | - | 100.00 | ||||||||||
Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 63.57 | 63.57 | 63.57 | ||||||||||
Aviser, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Secba, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 | ||||||||||
Sepetec, S. A. de C.V. | Mexico | 99.99 | 99.99 | 99.99 |
The main subsidiaries of the group and their activities are as follows:
- Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”) (includes four subsidiaries which are 50% owned, and for which BSACV has control). BSACV is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing of poultry (chicken and eggs).
- On March 2, 2012, Bachoco USA, LLC. was incorporated in the State of Delaware, United States (“U.S.”) as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. From then onwards, Bachoco USA, LLC. acts as holding company for the shares of OK Industries, Inc. and, therefore, of the operations of Bachoco in the United States of America. OK Industries, Inc. (acquired in November 2011) comprises five controlled subsidiaries. Four of these subsidiaries, OK Industries, Inc. has a 100% shareholding while it only holds 85% of the shares of the remaining subsidiary through its dissolution in 2012. Its principal activity includes the production of chicken products, mostly marketed in the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, in other foreign markets.
F-42 |
- Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. (Campi), is engaged in producing and marketing of balanced animal feed.
- Aviser, S.A. de C.V., Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V., Secba, S.A. de C.V., Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. y Sepetec, S.A de C.V., These companies are engaged in providing administrative and operative services to their related parties.
(8) | Operating segments |
Reporting segments have a line of product approach. Intersegment transactions have been eliminated. The poultry segment consists of the chicken and egg operations and has been added due to its risks and benefits similarities. The information included in the “Others” column corresponds to pigs, balanced feed for animal consumption and other non-significant sub-products.
Inter-segment pricing is determined on an arms – length basis. The accounting policies of operating segments are the same as those described in note 3.
The next pages includes information on the results of each segment by line of business. Performance is measured based on each segment’s income before taxes, in the same manner as included in management reports that are reviewed by the Company’s General Director. Each segment profits are used in measuring performance since management believes such information is most appropriate for assessing the results of certain segments, as compared with other entities that operate in the same businesses as the Company.
F-43 |
a) | Operating segment information |
Year ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Poultry | Others | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 24,697,212 | 3,037,778 | 27,734,990 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 22,058,417 | 2,738,620 | 24,797,037 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 2,638,795 | 299,158 | 2,937,953 | |||||||||
Income tax | (20,135 | ) | (18,481 | ) | (38,616 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income | 1,093,861 | 83,485 | 1,177,346 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 11,652,108 | 460,837 | 12,112,945 | |||||||||
Goodwill | 212,833 | 88,015 | 300,848 | |||||||||
Total assets | 23,335,598 | 1,381,722 | 24,717,320 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (6,779,658 | ) | (557,834 | ) | (7,337,492 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 662,009 | 45,524 | 707,533 | |||||||||
Business acquisitions | 2,269,871 | 104,447 | 2,374,318 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (722,286 | ) | (23,551 | ) | (745,837 | ) |
Year ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Poultry | Others | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 35,797,169 | 3,570,262 | 39,367,431 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 30,210,843 | 3,107,364 | 33,318,207 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 5,586,326 | 462,898 | 6,049,224 | |||||||||
Income tax | 486,251 | 115,769 | 602,020 | |||||||||
Net controlling interest income | 1,939,733 | 244,834 | 2,184,567 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,363,200 | 1,586,316 | 11,949,516 | |||||||||
Goodwill | 212,833 | 88,015 | 300,848 | |||||||||
Total assets | 25,224,900 | 2,815,284 | 28,040,184 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (8,093,729 | ) | (857,766 | ) | (8,951,495 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 942,351 | 9,409 | 951,760 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (752,492 | ) | (85,315 | ) | (837,807 | ) |
F-44 |
Revenue of the Poultry segment is analyzed as follows:
As of December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Chicken | Egg | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 22,611,264 | 2,085,948 | 24,697,212 |
As of December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Chicken | Egg | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 32,989,481 | 2,807,688 | 35,797,169 |
F-45 |
b) | Geographic information |
Since 2011, with the acquisition of the US operation, a new segment is included in the managerial approach called “foreign” to identify (segment) domestic and foreign operations. When submitting information by geographic area, revenue is classified based on the geographic location of customers. Segment assets are classified in accordance with their geographic location.
Year ended December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Domestic poultry | Foreign poultry (two- months operations) | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 23,318,433 | 1,378,779 | 24,697,212 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 20,755,753 | 1,302,664 | 22,058,417 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 2,562,680 | 76,115 | 2,638,795 | |||||||||
Income tax | (12,240 | ) | (7,895 | ) | (20,135 | ) | ||||||
Net controlling interest income | 1,096,519 | (2,658 | ) | 1,093,861 | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 10,011,659 | 1,640,449 | 11,652,108 | |||||||||
Goodwill | 212,833 | - | 212,833 | |||||||||
Total assets | 19,983,780 | 3,351,818 | 23,335,598 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (6,240,308 | ) | (539,350 | ) | (6,779,658 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 662,009 | - | 662,009 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (703,606 | ) | (18,680 | ) | (722,286 | ) |
F-46 |
Year ended December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Domestic poultry | Foreign poultry | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 27,625,702 | 8,171,467 | 35,797,169 | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 22,574,463 | 7,636,380 | 30,210,843 | |||||||||
Gross profit | 5,051,239 | 535,087 | 5,586,326 | |||||||||
Income tax | 457,727 | (28,524 | ) | 486,251 | ||||||||
Net controlling interest income | 1,939,733 | - | 1,939,733 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | 8,863,652 | 1,499,548 | 10,363,200 | |||||||||
Goodwill | 212,833 | - | 212,833 | |||||||||
Total assets | 21,783,895 | 3,441,005 | 25,224,900 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | (6,637,159 | ) | (1,456,570 | ) | (8,093,729 | ) | ||||||
Capital expenditures | 889,081 | 53,270 | 942,351 | |||||||||
Expenses not requiring cash disbursements: | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | (578,977 | ) | (173,515 | ) | (752,492 | ) |
The following table details revenue for chicken in the poultry segment, by geographic area:
As of December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||
Domestic chicken | Foreign chicken (two months operation) | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 21,232,485 | 1,378,779 | 22,611,264 |
As of December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Domestic chicken | Foreign chicken | Total | ||||||||||
Net revenues | $ | 24,818,014 | 8,171,467 | 32,989,481 |
F-47 |
c) | Major Customers |
In Mexico, the Company’s products are traded among a large number of customers, without significant concentration with any specific customer. Therefore, in 2011 and 2012, no customer accounted for over 10% of the Company’s total revenue.
The foreign subsidiary held sales transactions representing the 12% of total sales with the entity Ozark Mountain Poultry.
(9) | Cash and cash equivalents |
The consolidated balances of cash and cash equivalents as of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, are as follows:
January 1, | December 31 | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Cash and banks | $ | 513,076 | 472,318 | 1,592,555 | ||||||||
Available on demand investments (note 10) | 3,445,899 | 2,151,702 | 2,586,471 | |||||||||
Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents | 3,958,975 | 2,624,020 | 4,179,026 | |||||||||
Restricted investments | 8,899 | 1,641 | 515 | |||||||||
Total cash and equivalents | $ | 3,967,874 | 2,625,661 | 4,179,541 |
Restricted investments corresponds to the minimum margin requirement made by the financial instruments intermediary to meet future commitments due to adverse market movements affecting prices on the open positions as of January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2011 and 2012.
Available on demand investments includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment portfolio.
F-48 |
(10) | Financial instruments and risk management |
(a) | Credit risk |
i. | Exposure to credit risk |
The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. At the report date, the maximum exposure to credit risk is as follows:
Carrying amount | ||||||||||||
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Held-to-maturity investments | $ | 36,725 | 42,352 | 38,958 | ||||||||
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss | 3,618,522 | 2,520,071 | 3,509,995 | |||||||||
Exchange rate derivative instruments held for trading | 262 | 1,344 | - | |||||||||
Interest rate derivative instruments held for trading | - | - | 152 | |||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments held for trading | 7,114 | 1,803 | 2,549 | |||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments held for hedging | 5,801 | 7,829 | - | |||||||||
Accounts receivable | 963,273 | 1,507,095 | 1,741, 639 | |||||||||
$ | 4,631,697 | 4,080,494 | 5,293,293 |
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment portfolio.
The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the end of the reporting period by geographic region was as follows:
Carrying amount | ||||||||||||
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
National | $ | 963,273 | 1,115,238 | 1,287, 686 | ||||||||
United States | - | 391,857 | 453,953 | |||||||||
$ | 963,273 | 1,507,095 | 1,741, 639 |
F-49 |
The maximum exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the end of the reporting period by type of counterparty was as follows:
Carrying amount | ||||||||||||
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Receivables | $ | 916,139 | 1,457,617 | 1,682, 729 | ||||||||
Legal receivables (Lawyers held) | 47,134 | 49,478 | 58,910 | |||||||||
$ | 963,273 | 1,507,095 | 1,741, 639 |
Impairment analysis
The aging of trade receivables at the end of the reporting period was as follows:
Carrying amount | ||||||||||||
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Current | $ | 776,066 | 1,233,249 | 1,455, 915 | ||||||||
Past due 0-60 days | 127,412 | 209,127 | 208,704 | |||||||||
Past due greater than 60 days | 12,661 | 15,241 | 18,110 | |||||||||
$ | 916,139 | 1,457,617 | 1,682, 729 |
The Company considers that the unimpaired amounts that are past due by more than 60 days are still collectible, based on historic payment behavior and extensive analysis of customer credit risk.
Based on historical trends of the probability of default, the Company considers that no impairment allowance is necessary in respect of current trade receivables.
F-50 |
b) | Liquidity risk |
Following are the remaining contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements.
As of January 1, 2011 (pesos and dollars)
Book value | Current contractual cash flows | Non-current contractual cash flows | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||
Bank loans (pesos) | $ | 646,920 | - | 646,920 | ||||||||
Exchange rate derivative instruments held for traiding | 280 | 280 | - | |||||||||
Trade and other payables | 1,966,014 | 1,966,014 | - | |||||||||
$ | 2,613,214 | 1,966,294 | 646,920 |
As of December 31, 2011 (pesos and dollars):
Book Value | Current contractual cash flows | Non- current contractual cash flows | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||
Bank loans (pesos) | $ | 789,613 | 230,000 | 559,613 | ||||||||
Bank loans (valued dollars) | 1,047,750 | 1,047,750 | - | |||||||||
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit or loss | 769 | 769 | - | |||||||||
Trade and other payables | 2,921,441 | 2,921,441 | - | |||||||||
$ | 4,759,573 | 4,199,960 | 559,613 |
F-51 |
As of December 31, 2012 (pesos and dollars):
Book value | Current contractual cash flows | Non- current contractual cash flows | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities | ||||||||||||
Bank loans (pesos) | $ | 580,158 | 437,996 | 142,162 | ||||||||
Bank loans (valued dollars) | 643,500 | 643,500 | - | |||||||||
Senior bond issuance | 1,500,000 | - | 1,500,000 | |||||||||
Derivative financial instruments on commodities at fair value through profit or loss | 1,332 | 1,332 | - | |||||||||
Trade and other payables | 3,445,245 | 3,445,245 | - | |||||||||
$ | 6,170,235 | 4,528,073 | 1,642,162 |
At least on a monthly basis the Company evaluates and reports to the Board of Directors the liquidity status of the Company. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has determined that has sufficient resources to meet its short and long term obligations and; therefore, it does not expect to have liquidity gaps in the future and will not necessary to sell assets to settle their debts at unusual or off market prices.
c) | Market risk |
Price risk of generic commodities
The Company seeks protection against declines in the agreed-upon price of corn and/or sorghum after the producer issues the respective invoice that may result in not ceasing an opportunity cost for lower prices in the commodity market against a higher agreed-upon price and once they become part of the inventory to hedge a risk if the price declines prior to their consumption.
F-52 |
In other words, if the price on the physical delivery of the agreed-upon commodities is lower than the agreed-upon prices, the entity does not benefit from lower market prices and purchases are made at higher prices, resulting in a loss for the Company.
Corn and/or sorghum purchases are formalized through a forward sales agreement, which stipulate the following:
· | Date of execution; |
· | Number of tons sold; |
· | Harvest, State and the harvest’s agricultural cycle; |
· | Price per ton plus quality premium or penalty based on the following formula: |
Agricultural agreements that lead to firm commitments are related to two corn and/or sorghum cycles and to the contracting of purchases; both cycles and contracting dates are detailed below:
· | Fall / Winter Cycle – ASERCA, at its discretion, determines the registration desk period, which normally runs from December to March, while the harvest period for the Fall / Winter cycle occurs in the months of May through July. However, the corn and/or sorghum harvest period may extend from one to several months, depending on the climatic conditions such as droughts and frosts. |
· | Spring / Summer Cycle – ASERCA, at its discretion, determines the registration desk period, which normally runs from July to August while the harvest time varies depending on the specific State. |
The risk being hedged is for exposure from changes in the fair value by fixing the price of corn and/or sorghum purchases that may cause potential losses by not taking advantage, as applicable, of lower corn and/or sorghum prices at the date of purchase of the physical product.
The Company conducts effectiveness tests at the beginning and at least on a quarterly basis using a specific methodology for each test. Effectiveness tests are conducted for hedging relationships for put options the Company acquires from ASERCA. These methodologies are described below. Each only distinguishes changes in the price of corn below the strike price agreed in the put option.
F-53 |
Prospective effectiveness tests
For this test, it is proven that the hedging relationship being set operates properly prior to it being established. Basically, the test consists of performing a linear regression on the put option profits that would be obtained at the expiration date (explanatory or independent variable) against the losses sustained from the primary position, which are defined as losses arising from the fall of the corn spot price.
The test is deemed highly effective and therefore, the implementation of the hedging relationship is feasible, where:
• | The R2 of the linear regression is equal to or greater than 0.8 |
• | The correlation in the linear regression is 0.8 or greater |
• | The slope m lies within the [0.8, 1.25] interval. |
Failure to meet any these conditions indicates that the test is not effective and the hedging relationship may not be established.
The retrospective effectiveness test is performed at least quarterly and only after the hedging relationship has been established, not at the beginning. The test is performed following the methodology known as “Dollar Offset”, which changes in the value of the put option are compared to changes in the value of the accumulated primary position through an index. This index is computed as follows:
The absolute value of the “Dollar Offset” (DO) index should always fall within the [0.8, 1.25] range. In this case, the test and, therefore, the hedging relationship, are deemed effective and so the latter may continue.
In cases where the absolute value is not within such range, the test is not deemed effective and the hedging relationship designated in that moment.
At December 31, 2012, there were no open positions of long put hedge options with ASERCA.
Regarding commodity price risk, for derivative instruments that are not designated in a hedging relationship, the Company performs sensitivity analysis on the corn and soybean future contracts, considering different scenarios (bullish and bearish). These results are shown in Note 5 b). In case of structured commodity derivatives, that contains options (traded with Cargill), the Company does not perform a sensitivity analysis on the volatility factor.
F-54 |
d) | Currency risk |
Interest on borrowings is denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the Company, primarily pesos, but also euro and dollars. This provides an economic hedge without derivatives.
Exposure to currency risk
Below is the company's exposure to currency risk, based on notional amounts:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Asets | ||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 357,933 | 232,211 | 362,905 | ||||||||
Primary financial instruments | 106,466 | 375,648 | 380,036 | |||||||||
Accounts receivables | - | 391,857 | 473,245 | |||||||||
Other accounts | 6,926 | 315,037 | 191,071 | |||||||||
Advances to supliers | 170,170 | 602,912 | 502,585 | |||||||||
641,495 | 1,917,665 | 1,909,842 | ||||||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||||
Accounts payables | (770,931 | ) | (1,668,025 | ) | (1,715,893 | ) | ||||||
Other accounts | - | (157,110 | ) | (150,529 | ) | |||||||
Short term debt | - | (1,047,750 | ) | (643,000 | ) | |||||||
Net liability position | $ | (129,436 | ) | (955,220 | ) | (599,580 | ) |
The following significant exchange rates applied during the year:
Average exchange rate | Spot exchange rate as the date of the consolidated financial statements | |||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | January 1, 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
USD | $ | 12.43 | 13.16 | 12.37 | 13.97 | 12.87 |
The exchange rate as of reporting date is $12.08.
In this regard the Company does not perform sensitivity analysis in order to measure the impact of exchange rate fluctuations in the asset an liabilities described.
F-55 |
e) | Interest rate risk |
Fluctuations in interest rates mainly impact loans by changing either their fair value (fixed-rate debt) or their future cash flows (variable-interest debt). Management lacks a formal policy for determining how much of the Company’s exposure should be at fixed or variable rate. However, on getting new loans, management uses is judgment for deciding if a fixed or a variable rate would be more favorable for the Company, considering the original term of the loan, through its maturity.
The Company only made sensibility´s analysis.
f) | Fair value versus carrying amounts |
The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the statement of financial position, are as follows:
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying amount | Fair value | Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | |||||||||||||||||||
January 1, 2011 | January 1, 2011 | amount 2011 | value 2011 | amount 2012 | Value 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
Assets recorded at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss | $ | 3,618,522 | 3,618,522 | 2,520,071 | 2,520,071 | 3,509,995 | 3,509,995 | |||||||||||||||||
Exchange rate derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | 1,344 | 1,344 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||
Interest rate derivative instruments classified held-for-trading | - | - | - | - | 152 | 152 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | 7,114 | 7,114 | 1,034 | 1,034 | 2,786 | 2,786 | ||||||||||||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments held-for-hedging | 5,801 | 5,801 | 7,829 | 7,829 | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||
$ | 3,631,419 | 3,631,419 | 2,530,278 | 2,530,278 | 3,512,993 | 3,512,993 |
F-56 |
December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying amount | Fair value | Carrying | Fair | Carrying | Fair | |||||||||||||||||||
January 1, 2011 | January 1, 2011 | amount 2011 | value 2011 | amount 2012 | value 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
Assets recorded at amortized cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Held-to maturity investments | $ | 36,725 | 36,725 | 42,352 | 42,352 | 38,958 | 38,958 | |||||||||||||||||
$ | 36,725 | 36,725 | 42,352 | 42,352 | 38,958 | 38,958 | ||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities recorded at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | $ | - | - | (769 | ) | (769 | ) | (1,332 | ) | (1,332 | ) | |||||||||||||
$ | - | - | (769 | ) | (769 | ) | (1,332 | ) | (1,332 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Liabilities recorded at amortized cost | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secured bank loans | $ | 646,920 | 646,920 | 1,837,363 | 1,837,363 | 1,223,658 | 1,223,658 | |||||||||||||||||
Senior bonds issuance | - | - | - | - | 1,500,000 | 1,507,562 | ||||||||||||||||||
Trade payable and other accounts payable | 1,966,014 | 1,966,014 | 2,921,441 | 2,921,441 | 3,445,247 | 3,445,247 | ||||||||||||||||||
$ | 2,612,934 | 2,612,934 | 4,758,804 | 4,758,804 | 6,168,905 | 6,176,639 |
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment portfolio.
F-57 |
g) | Fair value hierarchy |
The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by the levels in the fair value hierarchy. The Company adopted the early exemption of IFRS 1, which exempts the entity from providing comparative information.
The different levels have been defined as follows:
· | Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
· | Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). |
· | Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). |
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||||||
At December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Investments in primary instruments at fair value through profit or loss | $ | - | 3,509,995 | - | 3,509,995 | |||||||||||
Exchange rate derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Interest rate derivative instruments | - | 152 | - | 152 | ||||||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | 2,549 | - | - | 2,549 | ||||||||||||
Commodities derivative instruments at fair value through profit or loss | - | (1,332 | ) | - | (1,332 | ) | ||||||||||
$ | 2,549 | 3,508,815 | - | 3,511,364 |
Investments designated at fair value through profit or loss includes cash of $38,431 included in the investment port folio.
F-58 |
(11) | Account receivables, net |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, trade and other receivables breakdown is as follows:
January | December 31, | |||||||||||
1, 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Trade receivables | $ | 996,263 | 1,545,632 | 1,788,320 | ||||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (32,990 | ) | (38,537 | ) | (46,681 | ) | ||||||
Other receivables (Value added tax and other recoverable taxes) | 473,228 | 728,057 | 478,999 | |||||||||
$ | 1,436,501 | 2,235,152 | 2,220,638 |
Note 10 disclose the Company’s exposure to credit and exchange risks related to trade and other accounts receivable.
F-59 |
(12) | Inventories |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, inventories breakdown is as follows:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Raw materials and sub-products (net of $27,940 and $25,740 reserve as at December 31, 2011 and 2012) | $ | 1,523,690 | 1,883,163 | 2,751,718 | ||||||||
Medicine, materials and spare parts | 452,373 | 487,178 | 640,953 | |||||||||
Finished feed | 60,405 | 83,601 | 292,056 | |||||||||
2,036,468 | 2,453,942 | 3,684,727 | ||||||||||
Inventories: | ||||||||||||
Live chicken | 877,654 | 1,383,769 | 1,307,744 | |||||||||
Processed chicken (net of $30,203 reserve as at December 31, 2011) | 250,904 | 670,890 | 728,258 | |||||||||
Commercial eggs | 22,094 | 27,498 | 46,341 | |||||||||
Beef | 4,463 | 13,658 | 17,090 | |||||||||
Turkey | 20,186 | 12,598 | 37,812 | |||||||||
Value added products | - | - | 7,865 | |||||||||
1,175,301 | 2,108,413 | 2,145,110 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,211,769 | 4,562,355 | 5,829,837 |
The change in the historical cost of biological assets measured at fair value corresponded to an increase of $2,558 and $19,331 in 2011 and 2012, respectively.
F-60 |
(13) | Biological assets |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, biological assets breakdown is as follows:
Current Biological Assets | Non-current Biological Assets | Total | ||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2011 | $ | 153,993 | 750,288 | 904,281 | ||||||||
Increase due to purchases | 66,460 | 262,479 | 328,939 | |||||||||
Decrease for sales | (888 | ) | (20,561 | ) | (21,449 | ) | ||||||
Increase due to births | 186,176 | - | 186,176 | |||||||||
Manufacturing cost | 1,754,845 | 808,698 | 2,563,543 | |||||||||
Depreciation | - | (771,262 | ) | (771,262 | ) | |||||||
Transferred to inventories | (1,943,232 | ) | - | (1,943,232 | ) | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | $ | 217,354 | 1,029,642 | 1,246,996 | ||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2012 | $ | 217,354 | 1,029,642 | 1,246,996 | ||||||||
Increase due to purchases | 38,123 | 207,230 | 245,353 | |||||||||
Decrease for sales | (7,166 | ) | (325,116 | ) | (332,282 | ) | ||||||
Increase due to births | 257,261 | - | 257,261 | |||||||||
Manufacturing cost | 2,546,129 | 1,067,717 | 3,613,846 | |||||||||
Depreciation | - | (861,339 | ) | (861,339 | ) | |||||||
Transferred to inventories | (2,782,841 | ) | - | (2,782,841 | ) | |||||||
Other | (2,378 | ) | (12,014 | ) | (14,392 | ) | ||||||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | $ | 266,482 | 1,106,120 | 1,372,602 |
Biological assets (current) are comprised of incubatable eggs and breeder pigs; while biological assets (non-current) are comprised of hens in production, laying and breeder hens and pigs breeding stock.
F-61 |
The Company is exposed to the following risks relating to its biological assets:
· | Future excesses in the offer of poultry products and the decline in demand growth of the chicken industry may negatively affect the Company’s results. |
· | Increases in raw material prices and price volatility may negatively affect the Company’s margins and results. |
· | In addition, in the case of the U.S. operations, the cost of corn grain may be affected by an increase in the demand for ethanol, which may reduce the market’s available corn inventory. |
· | The Mexico and U.S. operations are based on animal breeding and meat processing, which are subject to sanitary risks and natural disasters. |
· | Hurricanes and other adverse climate conditions may result in additional inventory losses and damage to the Company’s installations and equipment. |
(14) | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, prepaid expenses and other current assets breakdown is as follows:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Advances to suppliers of inventories | $ | 366,160 | 515,672 | 505,667 | ||||||||
Prepayments – Services | 43,240 | 125,158 | 240,706 | |||||||||
Other receivables | 77,753 | 72,043 | 79,999 | |||||||||
Prepayments- Insurance and financial guarantee | 17,961 | 39,277 | 42,506 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 505,114 | 752,150 | 868,878 |
F-62 |
(15) | Assets available for sale |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, assets available for sale breakdown is as follows:
The balance of non-current assets available for sale is mainly comprised of assets foreclosed by the Company when certain accounts receivable are not settled by the customers, as well as an aircraft that was included in the acquisition of OK Industries in 2011 and sold in 2012. This caption includes a wide variety of assets, which are recorded based on the fair value of the asset in question, supported by appraisals made of such assets. If the asset cannot be measured reliably, the acquisition cost is measured at the net carrying amount of the related asset.
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Buildings | $ | 17,731 | 19,508 | 18,502 | ||||||||
Land | 20,621 | 25,904 | 30,361 | |||||||||
Aircraft | - | 48,895 | - | |||||||||
Others | 1,870 | 1,340 | 2,644 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 40,222 | 95,647 | 51,507 |
F-63 |
(16) | Property, plant and equipment- |
As of January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, property, plant and equipment is comprised as follows.
Deemed cost | Balance at January 1, 2011 | Additions | Business combinations | Disposals | Currency translation effect | Balance at December 31, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 948,036 | 13,582 | 74,647 | (3,204 | ) | 1,278 | 1,034,339 | ||||||||||||||||
Buildings and constructions | 8,353,164 | 184,845 | 803,776 | (1,147 | ) | 22,186 | 9,362,824 | |||||||||||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 7,687,734 | 379,330 | 743,474 | (23,035 | ) | 19,897 | 8,807,400 | |||||||||||||||||
Transportation equipment | 1,158,660 | 93,576 | 55,603 | (44,829 | ) | 1,580 | 1,264,590 | |||||||||||||||||
Computer equipment | 120,108 | 26,472 | 8,258 | (22,341 | ) | 235 | 132,732 | |||||||||||||||||
Furniture | 126,241 | 9,728 | 6,726 | (8,081 | ) | 175 | 134,789 | |||||||||||||||||
Leasehold improvements | 27,856 | - | - | - | - | 27,856 | ||||||||||||||||||
Construction in progress | 279,604 | - | - | (27,979 | ) | - | 251,625 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 18,701,403 | 707,533 | 1,692,484 | (130,616 | ) | 45,351 | 21,016,155 |
Accumulated depreciation | Balance at January 1 2011 | Depreciation for the year | Balance at December 31, 2011 | |||||||||
Buildings and constructions | $ | (3,906,771 | ) | (270,113 | ) | (4,176,884 | ) | |||||
Machinery and equipment | (3,417,695 | ) | (355,386 | ) | (3,773,081 | ) | ||||||
Transportation equipment | (638,109 | ) | (109,580 | ) | (747,689 | ) | ||||||
Computer equipment | (109,103 | ) | (3,349 | ) | (112,452 | ) | ||||||
Furniture | (85,694 | ) | (7,410 | ) | (93,104 | ) | ||||||
Total | $ | (8,157,372 | ) | (745,837 | ) | (8,903,210 | ) |
F-64 |
Deemed cost | Balance at January 1, 2012 | Additions | Disposals | Currency translation effect | Balance at December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||||
Land | $ | 1,034,339 | 25,722 | - | (3,916 | ) | 1,056,145 | |||||||||||||
Buildings and constructions | 9,362,824 | 103,998 | (1,727 | ) | (67,973 | ) | 9,397,122 | |||||||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 8,807,400 | 415,116 | (84,521 | ) | (56,335 | ) | 9,081,660 | |||||||||||||
Transportation equipment | 1,264,590 | 66,565 | (159,845 | ) | (989 | ) | 1,170,321 | |||||||||||||
Computer equipment | 132,732 | 6,226 | (67 | ) | (719 | ) | 138,172 | |||||||||||||
Furniture | 134,789 | 12,023 | (607 | ) | (536 | ) | 145,669 | |||||||||||||
Leasehold improvements | 27,856 | 10,985 | - | - | 38,841 | |||||||||||||||
Construction in progress | 251,625 | 311,125 | - | - | 562,750 | |||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 21,016,155 | 951,760 | (246,767 | ) | (130,468 | ) | 21,590,680 |
Accumulated depreciation | Balance at January 1, 2012 | Depreciation for the year | Disposals | Balance at December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Buildings and constructions | $ | (4,176,884 | ) | (256,796 | ) | 12,795 | (4,420,885 | ) | ||||||||
Machinery and equipment | (3,773,081 | ) | (469,250 | ) | 18,881 | (4,223,450 | ) | |||||||||
Transportation equipment | (747,689 | ) | (93,734 | ) | 67,597 | (773,826 | ) | |||||||||
Computer equipment | (112,452 | ) | (9,430 | ) | 129 | (121,753 | ) | |||||||||
Furniture | (93,104 | ) | (8,602 | ) | 456 | (101,250 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | (8,903,210 | ) | (837,807 | ) | 99,858 | (9,641,164 | ) |
F-65 |
Carrying amounts | Balance at January 1, 2011 | Balance at December 31, 2011 | Balance at December 31, 2012 | |||||||||
Land | $ | 948,036 | 1,034,339 | 1,056,145 | ||||||||
Buildings and constructions | 4,446,393 | 5,185,940 | 4,976,237 | |||||||||
Machinery and equipment | 4,270,039 | 5,034,319 | 4,858,210 | |||||||||
Transportation equipment | 520,551 | 516,901 | 396,495 | |||||||||
Computer equipment | 11,005 | 20,280 | 16,419 | |||||||||
Furniture | 40,547 | 41,685 | 44,419 | |||||||||
Leasehold improvements | 27,856 | 27,856 | 38,841 | |||||||||
Construction in progress | 279,604 | 251,625 | 562,750 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 10,544,031 | 12,112,945 | 11,949,516 |
Depreciation expense at December 31, 2011 and 2012 was for $745,837 and $837,807 respectively, which were charged to cost of sales and operating expenses.
(17) | Other non-current assets |
The other non-current assets consist of the following:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Advances for purchase of fixed assets | $ | 43,290 | 185,091 | 131,561 | ||||||||
Investments in life insurance (note 3 (k)) | - | 119,792 | 115,502 | |||||||||
Investment in associate company (note 3 (k)) | - | 38,020 | 35,026 | |||||||||
Others | 21,594 | 21,734 | 19,822 | |||||||||
Total of other non-current assets | $ | 64,884 | 364,637 | 301,911 |
F-66 |
(18) | Financial debt |
Major borrowings are secured by guaranties, according to contractual obligations incurred.
Note 10 discloses the carrying amount and the fair value of loan borrowings.
a) | Short-term financial debt breakdown is as follows: |
January, 1 | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Denominated in USD for an amount of 75,000 USD, maturing in October 2012, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.60 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt. | $ | - | 1,047,750 | - | ||||||||
Denominated in USD for an amount of 20,000 USD, maturing in April 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.84 points. Bachoco is guarantor of this debt. | - | - | 257,400 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2012, at TIIE (1) plus 0.85 points. | - | 200,000 | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2013, at TIIE (1) plus 0.60 points. | - | - | 200,000 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in August 2012, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.50 points. | - | 30,000 | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.88 points. | - | - | 59,368 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.89 points. | - | - | 82,628 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in November 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) plus 0.70 points. | - | - | 96,000 | |||||||||
Credit denominated in USD for an amount of 30,000 USD, maturing in June 2013, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 1.62 points. | - | - | 386,100 | |||||||||
Total short term debt | $ | - | 1,277,750 | 1,081,496 |
Weighted average interest rate on short-term debt for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 5.53 % and 4.97%, respectively.
F-67 |
The average interest rate on short-term bank loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, was 5.48% and 4.68%, respectively.
The weighted average interest rate on dollars short-term for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, was 0.8702% and 1.06%, respectively.
(1) | TIIE= Interbank Equilibrium Rate (by its Spanish acronym) |
(2) | FIRA= Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym) |
(3) | Libor= London InterBank Offered Rate |
F-68 |
b) | Long-term debt, consist of the following: |
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2016, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1 points (3). | $ | - | 360,000 | - | ||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2013, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.60 points. | - | 87,500 | 37,500 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in 2015 and 2016, at TIIE (1) plus 1.00 points. | - | 47,579 | 34,449 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.00 point. | 38,133 | 26,400 | 14,667 | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.95 points (3). | 23,617 | 18,621 | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2012 and June 2013, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates less 1.10 points and 0.875 points (3). | 30,720 | 17,390 | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in March 2014, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2 points (3). | 2,957 | 2,123 | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in July 2015, at TIIE (1) plus 1.50 points (3). | 250,000 | - | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in April 2015, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 1.90 points (3). | 250,000 | - | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2015, at TIIE (1) rate plus 2.50 points (3). | 38,993 | - | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2011, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates plus 2 points. | 12,500 | - | - | |||||||||
Denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2014, at TIIE (1) FIRA (2) rates minus 0.55 points. | - | - | 55, 546 | |||||||||
Total | 646,920 | 559,613 | 142, 162 | |||||||||
Senior bonds issuance (subsection (d) of this note) | - | - | 1,500,000 | |||||||||
Less current installments | (139,867 | ) | (175,243 | ) | (115,560 | ) | ||||||
Long-term debt, excluding current installments | $ | 507,053 | 384,370 | 1,526,602 |
F-69 |
Weighted average interest rate on long-term debt, excluding the issuance of senior bonds for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 5.58% and 5.40%, respectively.
The average interest rate of the long-term debt, excluding the issuance of senior bonds, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012 was 6.17%, and 5.43%, respectively.
(1) TIIE = Interbank Equilibrium Rate (by Spanish acronym)
(2) FIRA = Agriculture trust (Fideicomiso Instituido en Relación con la Agricultura by its Spanish acronym)
(3) In 2011 and 2012, the Company made prepayments of long-tern debt of $538,993 and $398,134 respectively, without being required to pay early termination fee.
At December 31, 2011 and 2012, unused lines of credit amounted to $2,257,870 and $2,664,911, respectively. In 2011 and 2012, the Company did not pay any fee for unused lines of credit.
c) | Maturities of long-term debt, excluding current maturities, as of December 31, 2012, are as follows: |
Year | Amount | |||
2014 | $ | 16,392 | ||
2015 | 7,720 | |||
2016 | 2,490 | |||
2017 | 1,500,000 | |||
$ | 1,526,602 |
Interest expense on loans during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, amounted to $40,687 and $71,005, respectively.
Bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants. As of December 31, 2012 and the date of the consolidated financial statements, the Company was in compliance with all these covenants, for which the most important are the following:
a) | Deliver of financial information at the bank requirement. |
b) | Not contracting liabilities with financial cost or granting loans that could affect payment obligations. |
F-70 |
c) | Notify the bank regarding the existence of legal issues that could substantially affect the financial situation of the Company. |
d) | Substantial changes to the nature of the business, or the administrative structure are not permitted. |
e) | Reductions of capital stock in excess to a 10% of the assets is not permitted. |
d) | Debt by issuing Securities Certificates |
On August 28, 2012, the Company was authorized to make an issue of senior bonds for a total authorized amount of the program of $5,000,000 pesos or its equivalent in UDIS, on a revolving program period of five years from the date of authorization letter of the CNBV. The initial issue dated August 31, 2012 was for $1,500,000 pesos with ticker: "BACHOCO 12" for a period of 1,820 days, equivalent to 65 periods of 28 days, approximately five years. For a total senior bonds of 15,000,000, and a face value of $100 pesos each.
From the date of issue, and while the senior bonds have not been amortized, will accrue annual gross interest on their face value, at a yearly interest rate, which is calculated by adding 0.60 (zero point sixty) percentage points to the TIIE to within 28 days and in case of non-publication TIIE 28-day TIIE be used to nearer term, released by the Bank of Mexico. The Common Representative will calculate two business days prior to the beginning of each interest period of 28 days, according to the payment schedule, computed from the date of issue or at the beginning of each interest period and governed precisely during this period of interest.
Amortization of senior bonds will be at the deadline for the term of issue.
Senior bonds-related cost are capitalized to the debt and amortized through earnings by using the effective interest method through the maturity of each transaction. Such related cost includes commissions and professional fees.
F-71 |
(19) | Trade payable and other accounts payable |
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Trade payable | $ | 1,572,292 | 2,326,779 | 2,838,500 | ||||||||
Sundry creditors | 35,963 | 218,458 | 256,132 | |||||||||
Expense payable | 148,357 | 158,461 | 142,799 | |||||||||
Advance from costumers | 66,189 | 71,212 | 54,590 | |||||||||
IMSS (1) | 35,073 | 35,453 | 36,419 | |||||||||
INFONAVIT (2) | 30,743 | 32,552 | 34,459 | |||||||||
Employee statutory profit sharing | 37,921 | 26,234 | 30,849 | |||||||||
Employment taxes | 21,277 | 24,044 | 25,897 | |||||||||
Salaries payable | 4,924 | 9,168 | 10,755 | |||||||||
SAR (3) | 6,266 | 6,416 | 6,434 | |||||||||
Tax payable | 6,520 | 6,349 | 7,528 | |||||||||
Interest payable | 489 | 6,315 | 883 | |||||||||
$ | 1,966,014 | 2,921,441 | 3,445,245 |
(1) | IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social by its Spanish acronym): Contributions are made by the Company and employees in accordance with applicable regulations. The Company is required to pay a monthly contribution. |
(2) | INFONAVIT (Instituto del Fondo Nacional de la Vivienda para los Trabajadores by its Spanish acronym): The Company is required to make contributions to this entity based on the 5% of the salaries of employees, subject to certain limits. The Company has a duty to pay this contribution every two months. |
(3) | SAR (Sistema de Ahorro para el Retiro by its Spanish acronym): Contributions are made by the Company based on the regulations as a percentage of the worker's salary. The Company has a duty to pay this contribution to the government every two months. |
Note 10 discloses the Company’s exposure to exchange and liquidity risks related to trade accounts payable and other accounts payable.
F-72 |
(20) | Related party transactions and balances |
(a) | Transactions with management |
Management remuneration
The following table shows total remuneration paid to our directors and executives for services provided in their respective positions, for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, which is included in employee costs (see note 23):
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Net compensation | $ | 44,472 | 39,288 |
(b) | Transactions with related parties |
A summary of related party balance and transactions as of December 31, 2011 and 2012 is as follows:
(i) Revenue
Transaction value | ||||||||
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Sells products to: | ||||||||
Vimifos S.A de C.V. | $ | 24,314 | 38,664 | |||||
Frescopack S.A de C.V | 8 | 20 | ||||||
Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. | 21 | - | ||||||
Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 125 | 50 | ||||||
Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 500 | 448 | ||||||
Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V. | 29 | 29 | ||||||
Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. | 28 | 19 | ||||||
$ | 25,025 | 39,230 |
F-73 |
(ii) Expenses and payables to related parties
Transaction
value year ended December 31, | Balance at | |||||||||||||||||||
January | December 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2012 | 1, 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Purchases of feed, raw materials and packing supplies | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 347,062 | $ | 467,499 | $ | 43,051 | $ | 47,564 | $ | 42,855 | ||||||||||
Frescopack, S.A. de C.V. | 119,950 | 129,119 | 6,670 | 18,609 | 22,766 | |||||||||||||||
Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V. | 10,302 | 11,844 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V. | 6 | 44 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts | ||||||||||||||||||||
Maquinaria
Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 69,205 | $ | 62,035 | 7,973 | 8,566 | 8,529 | |||||||||||||
Llantas
y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 21,640 | 27,282 | 1,144 | 3,270 | 4,724 | |||||||||||||||
Autos
y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. | 24,995 | 19,815 | 678 | 422 | 4,055 | |||||||||||||||
Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C,V. | 23,207 | 18,026 | 1,025 | 41 | 5,026 | |||||||||||||||
Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V. | 3,333 | 1,647 | 67 | 37 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
Agencia MX-5 S.A de C.V. | - | 397 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Alfonso
R. Bours, S.A. de C.V. | 767 | 568 | 52 | 34 | 69 | |||||||||||||||
Distribuidora Automotriz de los Mochis, S.A. de C. V. | 2,135 | - | 213 | - | - | |||||||||||||||
Airplane leasing expenses | ||||||||||||||||||||
Taxis
Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. | $ | 10,063 | 10,137 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
$ | 60,873 | $ | 78,543 | $ | 88,039 |
At January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012, balances due to related parties correspond to unsecured current accounts denominated in pesos that bear no interest and are payable in short-term basis without warranties.
F-74 |
(21) | Income Tax (IT), Asset Tax (AT), and Flat Rate Business Tax (IETU) |
Under the current tax legislation in Mexico, companies must pay the greater of their IT or IETU. If IETU is payable, the payment will be considered final, not subject to recovery in subsequent years.
a) | Income tax (IT)- |
The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns (including its foreign subsidiary, that files income tax returns in the U.S. based on its existing tax year end of April). Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”), the Company’s principal operating subsidiary, is subject to corporate income tax under the provisions of the simplified regime, which is applicable to companies engaged exclusively in agriculture, cattle-raising, fishing, forestry and other activities. The income tax law establishes that such regime is only for companies that obtain no more than 10% of their total revenues from the production of processed products; BSACV has complied with this criteria.
The simplified regime establishes that the taxable base for income tax is determined on revenues collected net of deductions paid (cash basis). The tax rate for this regime is 21%.
The income tax rate of the general regime for fiscal years 2011 to 2013 is 30%, for 2014 the rate shall be 29% and for 2015 and thereafter is 28%.
The income tax rate of the foreign subsidiary is 38.79%.
b) | Flat rate business tax (IETU)- |
IETU is calculated applying the rate of 17.5% to profit determined based on cash flows less authorized tax credits.
IETU credits are derived mainly from the unamortized negative IETU base, and taxable salaries for IT purposes and social security contributions, as well as credits derived from the deduction of certain investments, such as inventories and fixed assets.
The IETU is required to be paid only when it is greater than the IT. To determine the IETU payable, income tax paid in a given period shall be subtracted from the current IT of the same period.
F-75 |
If negative IETU base is determined because deductions exceed income, there will be no current IETU. The amount of negative base multiplied by the IETU rate results in a IETU credit, which may be applied against IT for the same year or, if applicable, against IETU payable in the next ten years. According to the tax law, the IETU credit cannot be applied against IT for 2011 and 2012.
c) | Tax charged to profit or loss |
For the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, the income tax charged (credited) to profit or loss is as follows:
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Operation in Mexico: | ||||||||
Current IT | $ | 69,578 | 366,417 | |||||
Current IETU | 8 | - | ||||||
Deferred IT | (100,307 | ) | 207,079 | |||||
(30,721 | ) | 573,496 | ||||||
Foreign operation: | ||||||||
Deferred IT | $ | (7,895 | ) | 28,524 | ||||
IT (benefit) expense | $ | (38,616 | ) | 602,020 |
Total (benefit) expense for income taxes
The (benefit) expense tax attributable to income before income taxes, was different from the amount computed by applying the IT rate of 21% in 2011 and 2012 as a result of the items listed below:
2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||
IT | Percentage | IT | Percentage | |||||||||||||
Expected expense | $ | 239,574 | 21 | % | $ | 586,696 | 21 | % | ||||||||
Increase resulting from: | ||||||||||||||||
Tax effect of inflation, net | (67,883 | ) | (6 | )% | (47,627 | ) | (2 | )% | ||||||||
Non-deductible expenses | 870 | 0 | % | 1,740 | 0 | % | ||||||||||
Gain on purchase of foreign subsidiary | (219,931 | ) | (19 | )% | - | - | ||||||||||
Effect of companies outside of simplified regime | 27,021 | 2 | % | 61,777 | 2 | % | ||||||||||
Unrecognized deferred assets effect | (18,112 | ) | (1 | )% | (453 | ) | 0 | % | ||||||||
Others | (155 | ) | 0 | % | (113 | ) | 0 | % | ||||||||
(Benefit) expense for income taxes | $ | (38,616 | ) | (3 | )% | $ | 602,020 | 21 | % |
F-76 |
d) | Deferred income tax |
Based on the financial projections of taxable income, the Company estimated that it will pay IT; therefore, deferred tax effects have been determined and recorded reflecting the IT basis.
The tax effects of temporary differences that lead to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at January 1, 2011, December 31, 2011 and 2012 are detailed below:
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Deferred tax assets | ||||||||||||
Trade payable | $ | 493,645 | 649,678 | 754,765 | ||||||||
Employee benefits | 15,748 | 46,889 | 40,401 | |||||||||
Employee statutory profit sharing | 11,311 | 9,002 | 9,254 | |||||||||
Effect on derivative financial instruments | 1,635 | - | 858 | |||||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | - | 96,772 | 10,043 | |||||||||
Others | 1,006 | - | - | |||||||||
Deferred tax assets | $ | 523,345 | 802,341 | 815,321 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | ||||||||||||
Inventories | $ | 842,767 | 1,056,327 | 1,284,699 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable | 190,082 | 204,213 | 221,133 | |||||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,490,183 | 1,919,994 | 1,871,086 | |||||||||
Advanced deduction | 16,370 | 20,210 | 36,343 | |||||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | - | 1,704 | - | |||||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | 2,539,402 | 3,202,448 | 3,413,261 | |||||||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,016,057 | 2,400,107 | 2,597,940 |
F-77 |
e) | Unrecognized deferred tax assets |
Deferred tax assets have not been recognized in the Companys´financial statements in respect of the following items:
January 1, 2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | $ | 17,698 | - | - | ||||||||
Recoverable AT | 4,859 | 4,445 | 3,992 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 22,557 | 4,445 | 3,992 |
f) | Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities |
Deferred tax related to investments in subsidiaries has not been recognized since the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference, and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
g) | Movement in temporary differences during the year |
January 1, 2011 | Recognized in profit or loss | Acquired or/ Recognized directly in equity | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||
Trade payable | $ | (493,645 | ) | (156,033 | ) | - | (649,678 | ) | ||||||||
Employee benefits | (15,748 | ) | (31,141 | ) | - | (46,889 | ) | |||||||||
ESPS payable | (11,311 | ) | 2,309 | - | (9,002 | ) | ||||||||||
Recoverable IT | (1,635 | ) | 1,635 | - | - | |||||||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | - | (96,772 | ) | - | (96,772 | ) | ||||||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | (1,006 | ) | 2,710 | - | 1,704 | |||||||||||
Inventories | 842,767 | 213,560 | - | 1,056,327 | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 190,082 | 14,131 | - | 204,213 | ||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,490,183 | (62,441 | ) | 477,848 | 1,905,590 | |||||||||||
Currency translation effect | - | - | 14,404 | 14,404 | ||||||||||||
Advanced deductions | 16,370 | 3,840 | - | 20,210 | ||||||||||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,016,057 | (108,202 | ) | 492,252 | 2,400,107 |
F-78 |
January 1, 2012 | Recognized in profit or loss | Recognized directly in equity | December 31, 2012 | |||||||||||||
Trade payable | $ | (649,678 | ) | (105,087 | ) | - | (754,765 | ) | ||||||||
Employee benefits | (46,889 | ) | 6,488 | - | (40,401 | ) | ||||||||||
ESPS payable | (9,002 | ) | (252 | ) | - | (9,254 | ) | |||||||||
Tax loss carryforwards | (96,772 | ) | 86,729 | - | (10,043 | ) | ||||||||||
Effects on derivative financial instruments | 1,704 | (2,562 | ) | - | (858 | ) | ||||||||||
Inventories | 1,056,327 | 228,372 | - | 1,284,699 | ||||||||||||
Accounts receivable | 204,213 | 16,920 | - | 221,133 | ||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment | 1,905,590 | (11,138 | ) | - | 1,894,452 | |||||||||||
Currency translation effect | 14,404 | - | (37,770 | ) | (23,366 | ) | ||||||||||
Advanced deductions | 20,210 | 16,133 | - | 36,343 | ||||||||||||
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 2,400,107 | 235,603 | (37,770 | ) | 2,597,940 |
h) | Asset tax (AT) and Tax loss carryforwards- |
At December 31, 2012, tax loss carryforwards, and recoverable AT expires as shown below:
Amount remeasured by inflation at | ||||||||||||
December 31, 2012 | ||||||||||||
Base year | Tax loss carryforwards | Recoverable AT | Year of expiration | |||||||||
2005 | $ | - | 192 | 2015 | ||||||||
2006 | - | 3,800 | 2016 | |||||||||
2010 | 863 | - | 2020 | |||||||||
2011 | 10,157 | - | 2021/2032 | |||||||||
2012 | 15,678 | - | 2033 | |||||||||
$ | 26,698 | 3,992 |
F-79 |
(22) | Employee benefits |
a) | Employee benefits in Mexico |
The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non unionized personnel in México. The benefits are based on years of service and the employee’s compensation. The Company’s policy in order to fund pension plan is to make contributions up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for income tax purposes based on the projected unit credit method.
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Present value of unfunded obligations | $ | 57,098 | 70,415 | 121,928 | ||||||||
Present value of funded obligations | 256,382 | 250,856 | 263,250 | |||||||||
Total present value of obligations | 313,480 | 321,270 | 385,178 | |||||||||
Plan assets at fair value | (256,382 | ) | (250,856 | ) | (263,250 | ) | ||||||
Unamortized (gains) losses | - | 29,624 | (25,315 | ) | ||||||||
Unamortized past service | 20,787 | - | - | |||||||||
Projected liability, net | $ | 77,885 | 100,038 | 96,613 |
i. | Composition of plan assets |
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Fixed rate investment | 70 | % | 70 | % | 70 | % | ||||||
Variable rate investment | 30 | % | 30 | % | 30 | % | ||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % |
ii. | Movement in the present value of the defined benefit obligations (DBO) |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
DBO at January 1 | $ | 313,480 | 321,270 | |||||
Benefits paid by the plan | (36,414 | ) | (31,513 | ) | ||||
Current service costs and interest cost | 51,116 | 48,514 | ||||||
Past service cost | 41,724 | - | ||||||
Actuarial (gains) and losses recognized in the statement of comprehensive income | (48,636 | ) | 46,907 | |||||
DBO at December 31 | $ | 321,270 | 385,178 |
F-80 |
iii. | Movement in the fair value of plan assets |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 | $ | 256,382 | 250,856 | |||||
Plan contributions | 15,100 | 15,125 | ||||||
Benefits paid by the plan | (27,429 | ) | (19,877 | ) | ||||
Expected return on plan assets | 25,815 | 24,522 | ||||||
Actuarial gains in the statement of comprehensive income | (19,012 | ) | (7,376 | ) | ||||
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 | $ | 250,856 | 263,250 |
iv. | Expense recognized in profit or loss |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Current service costs | $ | 26,620 | 21,876 | |||||
Interest on obligation | 24,496 | 26,638 | ||||||
Curtailment gain | - | (657 | ) | |||||
Prior service cost | 20,937 | - | ||||||
Expected return on plan assets | (25,815 | ) | (24,522 | ) | ||||
$ | 46,238 | 23,335 |
v. | Actuarial gains and losses recognized in the statements of comprehensive income |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Amount accumulated at 1 January | $ | - | 29,624 | |||||
Recognized during the year | 29,624 | (54,939 | ) | |||||
Amount accumulated at 31 December | $ | 29,624 | (25,315 | ) |
F-81 |
vi. | Actuarial assumptions |
The following are the principal actuarial assumptions at the reporting date (expressed as weighted averages).
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Discount rate at 31 December | 8.50 | % | 7.50 | % | ||||
Expected return on plan assets at 1 January | 9.50 | % | 7.50 | % | ||||
Future salary increases | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | ||||
Future pension increases | 4.25 | % | 4.25 | % |
vii. | Historical information |
January 1, | December 31, | |||||||||||
2011 | 2011 | 2012 | ||||||||||
Present value of the defined benefit obligation | $ | 313,480 | 321,270 | 385,178 | ||||||||
Fair value of plan assets | (256,382 | ) | (250,856 | ) | (263,250 | ) | ||||||
Plan deficit | $ | 57,098 | 70,414 | 121,928 | ||||||||
Experience adjustments arising on plan liabilities | $ | - | (48,636 | ) | 46,907 | |||||||
Experience adjustments arising on plan assets | $ | - | 19,012 | 7,376 |
b) | Employee benefits foreign |
Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a 401(k) retirement plan (defined contribution plan) covering all employees meeting certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s compensation. The cumulative contribution expense for this plan was approximately $471 y $4,131 for the period and year ended December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
F-82 |
Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) maintains a deferred compensation arrangement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan vest 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in initial book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 275,000 and 38,500 units were outstanding on December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively all of which were fully vested. Amounts expected to be paid within the next year of are included in other current liabilities. The total liability under this plan totaled $14,942 and $3,449 at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively. The compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 was for $9,318. There was no compensation expense for the two-month period ending December 31, 2011.
c) | Employee statutory profit sharing (ESPS) |
Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. and BSACV have no employees, but each of the subsidiaries of the Company in Mexico that has employees is required under Mexican law to pay employees, in addition to their compensation and benefits, statutory profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of such subsidiary’s taxable income.
(23) | Employee costs |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Wages and salaries | $ | 2,903,073 | 2,922,160 | |||||
Contributions to the pension fund | 15,100 | 15,125 | ||||||
Expenses related to defined benefit plans | 28,223 | 4,481 | ||||||
Termination expenses | 48,534 | 40,040 | ||||||
$ | 2,994,930 | 2,981,806 |
The employee cost is presented in the line items of cost of sales and general, selling and administrative expenses.
(24) | Operating leases |
Leases as lessee
The Company has entered into operating leases for certain offices, production facilities, and automotive and computer equipment. Some leases contain renewal options. These agreements have terms between one and five years.
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Incurred expenses | $ | 188,244 | 194,094 |
F-83 |
Amount of the annual rentals payable, arising from lease agreements for the following five years is as follows:
2013 | $ | 67,767 | ||||
2014 | 56,115 | |||||
2015 | 38,783 | |||||
2016 | 22,071 | |||||
2017 | 18,666 |
(25) | Equity and reserves |
a) | Share capital and share premium |
As of December 31, 2011 and 2012, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 “B” shares with a par value of $1 peso each.
The Robinson Bours family owns 82.75% of the total outstanding shares through two trusts (control trust and family trust) that together held 496,500,000 shares outstanding.
The major shareholders of the Company as of December 31, 2012 are listed below:
Shareholders | Shares | % | ||||||
Control Trust | 312,000,000 | 52.00 | % | |||||
Family Trust | 184,500,000 | 30.75 | % | |||||
Royce & Associates, LLC | 20,868,816 | 3.50 | % | |||||
River Road Asset Management, LLC | 8,551,572 | 1.40 | % |
Total shares (issued and outstanding) are paid up and have total voting rights and the right to receive dividends when declared.
b) | Translation reserve |
The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.
c) | Reserve for repurchase of shares |
The Company approved a stock repurchase plan in 1998, in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act, providing a stock repurchase reserve for that purpose of $180,000 through the appropriation of retained earnings in 1998.
F-84 |
The table below shows the movements of the repurchase of shares during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012:
Reconciliation of treasury shares | Number of Shares | |||
Total shares at January 1, 2011 | 200,000 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased in 2011 | 257,400 | |||
(-) Total shares sold in 2011 | 230,000 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2011 | 227,400 | |||
Total shares at January 1, 2012 | 227,400 | |||
(+) Total shares purchased in 2012 | 3,704,731 | |||
(-) Total shares sold in 2012 | 3,932,131 | |||
Balance at December 31, 2012 | - |
Net effect of repurchase and sales of shares was a loss of $209 and a gain of $10,993 at December 31, 2011 and 2012, respectively.
At December 31, 2012, the Company has no treasury shares.
d) | Dividends |
The following dividends were declared and paid by the Company at the reporting date:
In 2011 y 2012, the Company declared and paid cash dividends at nominal values of $299,926 and $299,175 respectively, or $0.50 per share in nominal pesos.
Dividends paid to shareholders of the Company, are subject to IT only insofar as such dividends exceed the net tax profit account "CUFIN" consisting of profits in which the IT is already paid. The income tax paid on the dividend corresponds to a tax payable by corporations and not by individuals.
The Company derives most of its revenue and net income of Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. ("BSACV"). For the years 2011 and 2012, net income of BSACV, accounted for 86% and 79% respectively, of consolidated net income. Dividends which BSACV pay income tax will be credited to the account of the Company CUFIN, and accordingly, any future liabilities arising from income taxes arise when such amounts are distributed as dividends by the Company to the shareholders.
From 1999 to 2001, according to IT law, had the option of deferring a portion of the annual corporate income tax until the rate represented 30%. The deferral of such income tax and the related profits are controlled through the "net tax profit account reinvested" (CUFINRE).
F-85 |
Given that some subsidiaries opted to defer a portion of the income tax, the distributed profits will be treated as paid first from the CUFINRE and any excess will be paid from the CUFIN balance in order to pay the 5% of the deferred income tax. The option of deferring a portion of the annual income tax was eliminated as of January 1, 2002.
The updated amount on tax bases, of the contributions made by shareholders (CUCA), totaling $2,324,358, may be refunded to them tax-free, to the extent that such amount is the same or higher than equity.
(26) | Earnings per share |
The calculation of basic earnings per share at 31 December 2012 was based on profit attributable to ordinary shareholders of $2,184,567 ($1,177,346 in 2011), and a weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding of 598,959,882 (599,822,448 in 2011). The Company has no potential ordinary shares with dilutive effects.
(27) | Commitments |
· | Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary) maintains self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ compensation. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to $4,504 (350 USD) each year per plan participant and workers’ compensation claims up to $12,870 (1,000 USD) per occurrence. Self-insurance costs are accrued based upon the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The allowance for this concept is booked into the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities and amounting to $47,644 (3,702 USD) at December 31, 2012. Likewise, the consolidated statement of income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of approximately $85,160 (6,617 USD) for the year ended December 31, 2012. Bachoco is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of $43,758 (3,400 USD) to secure self-insured workers compensation payments. |
· | The Company has agreed contracts to supply grain from third parties as part of the normal course of operations. |
F-86 |
(28) | Contingencies |
a) | Insurance |
The Company has not contracted full coverage insurance for its facilities, interruption of activities or corporate civil liability in respect of property and environmental damage resulting from accidents in the Company’s property or that relate to company operations. Until appropriate insurance coverage is provided, there is a risk that the loss or destruction of certain assets may have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial situation.
b) | Litigation |
· | The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, it is expected that the final outcome of these matters will not have significant adverse effects on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of income. |
· | Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary) is involved in claims with the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters incidental to its business, including workers’ compensation claims and environmental issues. At December 31, 2012, the subsidiary has accrued reserves for potential claims of $25,740 (2,000 USD) which are included within other current liabilities. |
c) | Tax contingencies |
· | In accordance with tax laws, the tax authorities are empowered to examine transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent income tax return filed. |
· | In accordance with the Income Tax Law, companies carrying out transactions with related parties are subject to certain requirements as to the determination of prices, which should be similar to those that would be used in arms-length transactions. |
Should the tax authorities examine the transactions and reject the related-party prices, they could assess additional taxes plus the related inflation adjustment and interest in addition to penalties of up to 100% of the omitted taxes. |
d) | Other contingencies |
There is a contingent liability arising from employee benefits mentioned in note 3(l).
F-87 |
(29) | Expenses by nature |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Expenses for employee benefits | $ | 2,994,930 | 2,981,806 | |||||
Depreciation expense | 726,061 | 814,587 | ||||||
Distribution cost | 920,011 | 949,562 |
(30) | Financial income and costs |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Interest income | $ | 182,274 | 209,170 | |||||
Income from interest in accounts receivable | 11,503 | 12,893 | ||||||
Foreign exchange gain, net | 54,505 | 35,212 | ||||||
Effects of financial instruments valuation | - | 12,757 | ||||||
Financial income | $ | 248,282 | 270,032 | |||||
Effects of financial instruments valuation | $ | (896 | ) | - | ||||
Interest cost and financial expenses on loans | (40,688 | ) | (71,006 | ) | ||||
Commissions and financial costs | (29,056 | ) | (33,994 | ) | ||||
Financial costs | $ | (70,640 | ) | (105,000 | ) | |||
Financial income, net | $ | 177,642 | 165,032 |
F-88 |
(31) | Other income (expense) |
2011 | 2012 | |||||||
Other income | ||||||||
Sale of scrap of biological assets, raw materials, sub-products and other | $ | 202,780 | 271,385 | |||||
Domestic business acquisition (note 6b) | 46,724 | - | ||||||
Foreign business acquisition (note 6a) | 1,000,565 | - | ||||||
Total other income | 1,250,069 | 271,385 | ||||||
Other expenses | - | |||||||
Cost of disposal of biological assets, raw materials, sub-products and other | (193,707 | ) | (257,182 | ) | ||||
Business acquisition-related costs | (11,426 | ) | - | |||||
Others | (44,971 | ) | (38,013 | ) | ||||
Total other expenses | (250,104 | ) | (295,195 | ) | ||||
Total other income (expenses), net | $ | 999,965 | (23,810 | ) |
(32) | Subsequent events |
On February 14, 2013, the Company announced the detection of a possible outbreak of H7N3 avian influenza in five of its poultry breeding farms located in the state of Guanajuato. Subsequently, on February 18, 2013, the Company reported that the National Service of Sanity and Food Quality (SENASICA, by its Spanish acronym) confirmed the presence of the avian influenza in some farms of the Company, all located in the same region of the state of Guanajuato.
At the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the Company has been affected in several of its farms in the state of Guanajuato, as well as in the boundaries of the state of Jalisco and Guanajuato. The Company believes that the outbreak is under control, but not yet eradicated. The Company estimates the financial impact as of the date of this report that arose from this contingency is $220,800 that was recognized in the first quarter of 2013.
F-89 |
(33) | Explanation of transition to IFRS |
As mentioned in note 2(a), these are the first Company´s consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.
The accounting policies referred to in note 3 have been applied in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2012, in the comparative information presented in these consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 and in the preparation of the initial consolidated statement of financial position in accordance with IFRS at January 1, 2011 (date of the Company’s transition).
In preparing its initial consolidated statement of financial position in accordance with IFRS, the Company has adjusted the amounts reported previously in the consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS. In the following tables and notes thereto, an explanation is provided of how the transition from Mexican FRS to IFRS has affected the Company’s consolidated financial position, consolidated financial performance and consolidated cash flows.
The Company has not prepared consolidated financial statements in accordance with Mexican FRS for any period subsequent to December 31, 2011.
There are no material differences between the statements of cash flows presented under IFRS and the statements of cash flows presented under Mexican FRS; except that under IFRS the starting point was profit for the year, whereas under Mexican FRS was profit before income taxes, as well as for the effects derived from the adoption of IFRS further described below.
F-90 |
January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note | Mexican
FRS | Effect
of transition to IFRS | IFRS | Mexican
FRS | Effect
of transition to IFRS | IFRS | ||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets | $ | 9,497,496 | - | 9,497,496 | 10,813, 600 | - | 10,813, 600 | |||||||||||||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net | a, d | 10,544,031 | - | 10,544,031 | 10,440,253 | 1,672,692 | 12,112,945 | |||||||||||||||||||
Current assets available for sale | d | 40,222 | - | 40,222 | 46,752 | 48,895 | 95,647 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other non-current assets | e | 1,116,020 | - | 1,116, 020 | 1,869,269 | (174,141 | ) | 1,695,128 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 21,197,769 | - | 21,197,769 | 23,169,874 | 1,547,446 | 24,717,320 | |||||||||||||||||||
LIBIALITIES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities | $ | 2,166,754 | - | 2,166,754 | 4,452, 977 | - | 4,452, 977 | |||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt | 507,053 | - | 507,053 | 384,370 | - | 384,370 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Employee benefits | c | 126,458 | (48,573 | ) | 77,885 | 142,087 | (42,049 | ) | 100,038 | |||||||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities | e | 2,029,150 | (13,093 | ) | 2,016,057 | 1,921, 334 | 478,773 | 2,400,107 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | 4,829,415 | (61,666 | ) | 4,767,749 | 6,900,768 | 436,724 | 7,337,492 | ||||||||||||||||||
EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capital stock | b | $ | 2,294,927 | (1,120,495 | ) | 1,174,432 | 2,294,927 | (1,120,495 | ) | 1,174,432 | ||||||||||||||||
Share premium | b | 744,753 | (345,112 | ) | 399,641 | 744,753 | (345,112 | ) | 399,641 | |||||||||||||||||
Reserve for repurchase of shares | b | 154,288 | (65,598 | ) | 88,690 | 154,079 | (65,598 | ) | 88,481 | |||||||||||||||||
Translation reserve | d | - | - | - | 35,636 | 28,751 | 64,387 | |||||||||||||||||||
Retained earnings | f | 13,122,387 | 1,614,953 | 14,737,340 | 12,979,502 | 2,635,259 | 15,614,761 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Company | $ | 16,316,355 | 83,748 | 16,400,103 | 16,208,897 | 1,132,805 | 17,341,701 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-controlling interest | b | 51,999 | (22,082 | ) | 29,917 | 60,209 | (22,082 | ) | 38,127 | |||||||||||||||||
Total equity | $ | 16,368,354 | 61,666 | 16,430,020 | 16,269,106 | 1,110,722 | 17,379,828 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total equity and liabilities | $ | 21,197,769 | - | 21,197,769 | 23,169,874 | 1,547,446 | 24,717,320 |
F-91 |
Reconciliation of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2011
Note | Mexican FRS | Effect of transition to IFRS | IFRS | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 27,734,990 | - | 27,734,990 | ||||||||||
Cost of sales | c | (24,773,216 | ) | (23,821 | ) | (24,797,037 | ) | |||||||
Gross profit | 2,961,774 | (23,821 | ) | 2,937,953 | ||||||||||
General selling and administrative expenses | a, c, g | (2,951,887 | ) | (22,846 | ) | (2,974,733 | ) | |||||||
Other income (expenses), net | d, g | (68,921 | ) | 1,068,886 | 999,965 | |||||||||
Operating profit | (59,034 | ) | 1,022,219 | 963,185 | ||||||||||
Financial income | 248,282 | - | 248,282 | |||||||||||
Financial costs | (70,640 | ) | - | (70,640 | ) | |||||||||
Financial income, net | 177,642 | - | 177,642 | |||||||||||
Profit before income taxes | 118,608 | - | 1,140,827 | |||||||||||
Income tax expense | e | (40,530 | ) | 1,914 | (38,616 | ) | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 159,138 | 1,020,305 | 1,179,443 | ||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||
Currency translation effect | d | 35,636 | 28,751 | 64,387 | ||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 194,774 | 1,049,056 | 1,243,830 | ||||||||||
Profit attributable to: | ||||||||||||||
Controlling interest | 157,041 | 1,020,305 | 1,177,346 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 2,097 | - | 2,097 | |||||||||||
Profit for the year | $ | 159,138 | 1,020,305 | 1,179,443 | ||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to: | ||||||||||||||
Controlling interest | 192,677 | 1,049,056 | 1,241,733 | |||||||||||
Non-controlling interest | 2,097 | - | 2,097 | |||||||||||
Total comprehensive income for the year | $ | 194,774 | 1,049,056 | 1,243,830 |
F-92 |
a) | Deemed cost of property, plant and equipment |
According to Mexican FRS, the Company initially recorded the property, plant and equipment at acquisition cost, and through December 31, 2007, adjusted for inflation by using factors derived from National Consumer Price Index (NCPI).
At transition date to IFRS, the Company initially opted to apply the “Fair Value” option through appraisals performed by independent appraisers. This option remained during 2012 interim periods; however, after detailed analysis, management decided to change its accounting policy to recognize the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment under Mexican FRS as “Deemed Cost” at the date of transition to IFRS. Because of this, there are no reconciling effects in this caption.
b) | Effects of inflation |
IAS 29 “Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies” requires the recognition of the effects of inflation on the financial information when the entity operates in a hyperinflationary economy, being one of the characteristics when the cumulative inflation rate over three years approaches, or exceeds, 100%.
The last three-year period where Mexico was a hyperinflationary economy was from 1995 to 1997. Therefore, the Company eliminated the effects of inflation, recognized under Mexican FRS, in equity accounts, from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2007 (last period in which inflation effects were recognized under Mexican FRS).
The following table summarizes the impact of such change:
Consolidated statement of financial position | January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Share capital | $ | 1,120,495 | 1,120,495 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 345,112 | 345,112 | ||||||
Stock repurchase reserve | 65,598 | 65,598 | ||||||
Non-controlling interest | 22,082 | 22,082 | ||||||
Adjustment to retained earnings | $ | (1,553,287 | ) | (1,553,287 | ) |
c) | Employee benefits |
In making its transition to IFRS, the Company eliminated the termination benefits liability which does not comply with the guidelines established by the IAS 19 “Employee Benefits”, recognizing in addition, the corresponding effect on deferred income taxes.
F-93 |
The impact from such change is summarized below:
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income | 2011 | |||
Cost of sales | $ | 5,275 | ||
General expense, selling and administrative | 1,248 | |||
Income tax | 8,913 | |||
Adjustment to the year’s net income | $ | 15,436 |
Consolidated statement of financial position | January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | ||||||
Employee benefits | $ | 48,573 | 42,049 | |||||
Adjustment to the year´s net income | - | 15,436 | ||||||
Deferred income tax liability | 13,093 | 4,180 | ||||||
Adjustment to retained earnings | $ | (61,666 | ) | (61,666 | ) |
d) | Acquisition of a foreign business |
During 2011, derived from the business combinations disclosed in note 6, under IFRS the Company recognized under IFRS an increase in the value of property, plant and equipment in order to recognize such assets at fair value, based on the guidelines provided by the IFRS 3 “Business Combinations”.
Under Mexican FRS, when there is a gain from bargain purchase price, the fair values of non-monetary assets are reduced to compensate the resulting gain from the business combinations.
F-94 |
Such business combinations were performed at a bargain purchase price originating, the effects detailed below:
Consolidated statement of financial position | December 31, 2011 | |||
Property, plant and equipment | $ | 1,672,692 | ||
Assets available for sale | 48,895 | |||
Translation reserve | (28,751 | ) | ||
Deferred income tax liability | (657,094 | ) | ||
Gain on bargain purchase | $ | (1,035,742 | ) | |
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income: | 2011 | |||
Cost of sales | 18,546 | |||
Other income (expense), net | $ | (1,047,288 | ) | |
Income taxes | (7,000 | ) | ||
Increase to the year’s net income | $ | 1,035,742 |
e) | Income tax |
Derived from the effects that the Company recognized at the date of transition to IFRS on the items described above, the following effects were recognized on the deferred income tax:
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income | Note | 2011 | ||||||
Deferred tax of employee benefits | (c) | $ | 8,913 | |||||
Deferred tax of business combination | (d) | (7,000 | ) | |||||
Adjustment to the year’s net income | $ | 1,913 |
F-95 |
Consolidated statements of financial position | Note | January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||||
Employee benefits | (c) | $ | 13,093 | 4,180 | ||||||||
Business combination | (d) | - | (657,094 | ) | ||||||||
Asset reclassification of deferred income tax | - | 174,141 | ||||||||||
Decrease (increase) in deferred tax liabilities | $ | 13,093 | (478,773 | ) |
f) | Retained earnings |
The net effects that the Company recognized at transition date to IFRS in the items mentioned above, were recognized in retained earnings as follows:
Consolidated statements of financial position | Note | January 1, 2011 | December 31, 2011 | |||||||
Inflation effects | (b) | $ | (1,553,287 | ) | (1,553,287 | ) | ||||
Employee benefits | (c) | (61,666 | ) | (61,666 | ) | |||||
Effects in year´s net income | See below | - | (1,020,305 | ) | ||||||
Increase in retained earnings | $ | (1,614,953 | ) | (2,635,258 | ) |
Changes arising from the adoption of IFRS increased the 2011 year’s net income as shown below:
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income | Note | 2011 | ||||||
Employee benefits | (c) | $ | 6,524 | |||||
Deferred taxes – employee benefits | (c) | 8,913 | ||||||
Gain on bargain purchase | (d) | (1,035,742 | ) | |||||
Increase to the year’s net income | $ | (1,020,306 | ) |
F-96 |
g) | Reclassification |
For IFRS purposes the ESPS expense is presented in general, selling and administrative expenses, as opposed to Mexican FRS which is presented in other expenses. Therefore, the ESPS expense for the year ended December 31, 2011 for an amount of $21,598 was reclassified accordingly.
F-97 |