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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________


FORM 10-QSB

________


[x]

QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2006


[  ]

TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT


Commission File No. 000-28423


VALIDIAN CORPORATION

 (Exact name of small business issuer as specified in its charter)




              NEVADA                  

       58-2541997       

(State or other jurisdiction of

(I.R.S. Employer

incorporation or organization)

    Identification No.)


30 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada  K1P 5L4

(Address of principal executive offices)


Issuer’s telephone number:  613-230-7211


Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [ X ]  No [   ]


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [  ]  No [X]


State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date:  33,203,691 Shares of the issuer’s Common Stock were outstanding as of May 10, 2006




Transitional Small Business Disclosure Format: Yes [   ]  No [ X ]





SEC 2334 (9-05)

Potential persons who are to respond to the collection of information contained in this form are not

required  to  respond unless the  form displays a currently valid OMB control number.



1




PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION


Item 1.  Financial Statements


VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)


 

March 31,

 

December 31,

 

2006

 

2005

Assets

  

(restated)

Current assets:

   

Cash and cash equivalents

$  21,639

 

$ 71,193

      Accounts receivable (note 9(b))

8,310

 

75,995

Prepaid expenses

217,449

 

246,917


247,398

 

394,105

    

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $152,594

   

    (December 31, 2005 - $134,701)

78,975

 

96,868

Deferred consulting services

20,140

 

  50,349

    

Total assets

$  346,513

 

$541,322


Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency)

   

Current liabilities:

   

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

      Promissory notes payable (note 3)

$  769,161

516,521

 

$  509,768

296,321

      Deferred revenue

155,000

 

25,000

      Current portion of capital lease obligation (note 4)

4,265

 

4,031

Total current liabilities

1,444,947

 

 835,120

    

Capital lease obligation (note 4 )

5,395

 

6,547

Total liabilities

1,450,342

 

841,667

Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency):

   

 Common stock, ($0.001 par value.  Authorized 50,000,000 shares;

    Issued and outstanding 33,183,691 and 32,883,691 shares at           

    March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively.)



33,183

 



32,883

Preferred stock ($0.001 par value.  Authorized 5,000,000 shares;  issued

   

   and outstanding Nil shares at March 31, 2006 and at December 31,

   2005)


--

 


--

Additional paid in capital

21,025,177

 

20,951,097

Deficit accumulated during the development stage

(22,133,755)

 

(21,255,891)

Retained earnings prior to entering development stage

21,304

 

21,304

Treasury stock (7,000 shares at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005,

      at cost)


(49,738)

 


(49,738)

Total stockholders’ equity (deficiency)

(1,103,829)

 

(300,345)

    

Basis of presentation (note 1)

   

Guarantees and Commitments (note 9)

   

Subsequent events (note 11)

   

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficiency)

$346,513

 

$541,322


See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.



2




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations

For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005

And for the Period from August 3, 1999 to March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


 


Three Months

Ended

 March 31,

Period from August 3, 1999

to

March 31,

 

2006

2005

2006

Operating expenses (income):


 (restated)


   Selling, general and administrative (note 9(b))

$550,736

$ 509,773

$10,034,187

   Research and development

303,393

322,849

7,278,820

   Depreciation

17,893

21,866

342,582

   Gain on sale of property and equipment

--

--

(7,442)

   Write-off of prepaid services

--

--

496,869

   Write-off of deferred consulting services

--

--

1,048,100

   Write-off of accounts receivable

--

--

16,715

   Write-off of due from related party

--

--

12,575

   Loss on cash pledged as collateral for operating lease

--

--

21,926

   Write-down of property and equipment

--

--

14,750

 

872,022

854,488

19,259,082

    

Loss before other income (expenses) and income taxes

(872,022)

(854,488)

(19,259,082)

    

Other income (expenses):

   

  Interest income

90

10,769

60,912

  Gain on extinguishment of debt

--

--

93,507

  Interest and financing costs (note 6)

(11,190)

(372,276)

(2,983,093)

  Other

5,258

(642)

(45,999)

 

(5,842)

(362,149)

(2,874,673)

    

Loss before income taxes

(877,864)

(1,216,637)

(22,133,755)

    

Deferred income tax expense (note 2(f))

--

(108,102)

--

    

Net loss

$(877,864)

$(1,324,739)

$(22,133,755)

    

Loss per share – basic and diluted (note 7)

$(0.03)

$(0.04)

 
    

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding during period


32,940,358


31,176,543

 










See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.




3




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) and Comprehensive Loss

For the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006

 (Unaudited)



 





Number



Common stock

amount



Additional

paid-in

capital

Retained

earnings prior

to entering

development

stage

Deficit

accumulated

during

development

stage

Accumulated

other

compre-

hensive income (loss)




Treasury

stock





           Total

   

(restated)

 

(restated)

   

Balances at December 31, 1998

61,333

$  61

$  23,058

$  30,080

$             –

$        (7,426)

$          –  

$      45,773

Issued for mining claims

92,591

92

27,408

–  

27,500

Issued for cash

3,000,000

3,000

27,000

–  

30,000

Reverse acquisition

8,459,000

8,459

21,541

–  

30,000

Fair value of warrants

issued to unrelated parties




130,000





–  


130,000

Shares issued upon exercise of warrants


380,000


380


759,620





–  


760,000

Share issuance costs

(34,750)

–  

(34,750)

Comprehensive loss:

      

–  

 

Net loss

(8,776)

(743,410)

–  

(752,186)

Currency translation adjustment

11,837

–  

11,837

Comprehensive loss

       

(740,349)

Balances at December 31,

1999


11,992,924


11,992


953,877


21,304


(743,410)


4,411


        –  


    248,174

         

Shares issued upon exercise of warrants


620,000


620


1,239,380


–  


–  


–  


–  


1,240,000

Share issuance costs

–  

–  

(62,000)

–  

–  

–  

–  

(62,000)

Acquisition of common stock

–  

–  

–  

–  

–  

–  

(49,738)

(49,738)

Comprehensive loss:

        

Net loss

–  

–  

–  

–  

(2,932,430)

–  

–  

(2,932,430)

Currency translation adjustment

–  

–  

–  

–  

–  

(40,401)

–  

(40,401)

Comprehensive loss

       

(2,972,831)

Balances at December 31,

2000


12,612,924


12,612


   2,131,257


21,304


(3,675,840)


(35,990)


(49,738)


(1,596,395)

Shares issued in exchange for debt


2,774,362


2,774


2,216,715


–  


–  


–  


–  


2,219,489

Fair value of warrants issued to unrelated parties


–  


–  


451,500


–  


–  


–  


–  


451,500

Comprehensive loss:

        

Net loss

–  

–  

–  

–  

(1,448,485)

–  

–  

(1,448,485)

  Currency translation adjustment

–  

  

–  

–  

  

–  

  

–  

62,202

–  

62,202

Comprehensive loss

       

(1,386,283)

Balances at December 31, 2001

15,387,286

$15,386

$4,799,472

$21,304

$(5,124,325)

$26,212

$(49,738)

$(311,689)


See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.



4




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) and Comprehensive Loss

For the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006

 (Unaudited)




 







Number





Common

stock

amount





Additional

paid-in

capital

Retained

earnings prior

to entering

develop-

ment

stage



Deficit

accumulated

during

development

stage



Accumulated

other

compre-

hensive income (loss)






Treasury
stock







Total

   

(restated)

 

(restated)

   

Balances at December 31, 2001

15,387,286

$    15,386

$  4,799,472

$   21,304

$  (5,124,325)

$       26,212

$   (49,738)

$ (311,689)

         

Shares issued in  consideration

        

  of consulting services

340,500

340

245,810

246,150

Comprehensive loss:

        

Net loss

(906,841)

(906,841)

Currency translation

  adjustment on

  liquidation of

  investment in

  foreign subsidiary

























(26,212)









(26,212)

Comprehensive loss

       

(933,053)

Balances at December 31,

  2002


15,727,786


15,726


5,045,282


21,304


(6,031,166)



(49,738)


(998,592)

Shares issued in exchange for

  debt


4,416,862


4,417


1,453,147






1,457,564

Shares issued in consideration of consulting and financing services


422,900


423


230,448






230,871

Fair value of warrants issued  to unrelated parties for services




2,896,042






2,896,042

Fair value of stock purchase

  options issued to unrelated

  parties for services

Relative fair value of warrants issued to investors in conjunction with 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures

Intrinsic value of beneficial

  conversion feature on 4%

  convertible debentures

  issued to unrelated parties



















597,102




355,186




244,814



































597,102




355,186




244,814

Deferred income taxes recognized

        

  on the temporary basis difference

        

  between accounting value and

        

  face value of the 4% senior

        

  subordinated debentures

(204,000)

(204,000)

Net loss and comprehensive

  loss






(2,797,900)




(2,797,900)

Balances at December 31,

  2003


20,567,548


$   20,566


$10,618,021


$   21,304


$ (8,829,066)


$                –  


$ (49,738)


$ 1,985,087


See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.



5




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) and Comprehensive Loss

For the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006

 (Unaudited)




 

Number

Common

stock

amount

Additional paid-in

capital

Retained earnings prior to entering development stage

Deficit accumulated during development stage

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Treasury stock

Total

   

(restated)

 

(restated)

   

Balances at December 31, 2003

20,567,548

$  20,566

$10,618,021

$21,304

$(8,829,066)

$           –

$(49,738)

$1,781,087

Shares issued in exchange for debt

464,000

464

429,536

430,000

Shares issued on conversion of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures



2,482,939



2,483



1,238,986











1,241,469

Deferred financing costs transferred to additional paid in capital on conversion of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures into common shares













(721,097)





















(721,097)

Shares issued pursuant to private placement of common shares and warrants



6,666,666



6,667



5,993,333











6,000,000

Cost of share issuance pursuant to private placement




(534,874)






(534,874)

Shares issued in consideration of consulting and financing services


70,000


70


72,730






72,800

Shares issued in consideration of penalties on late registration of shares underlying the 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures





184,000





184





110,216





















110,400

Fair value of stock purchase warrants issued to unrelated parties for services







809,750











809,750

Relative fair value of warrants issued to investors in conjunction with 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures









    $         –





     $   861,522





$              –

        





     $               –





$               –

        





       $          –





$      861,522


See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.



6




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) and Comprehensive Loss

For the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006

 (Unaudited)




 

Number

Common stock amount


Additional paid-in capital

Retained earnings prior to entering development stage

Deficit accumulated during development stage

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Treasury stock

Total

   

(restated)

 

(restated)

   

Intrinsic value of beneficial conversion feature on 4% convertible debentures issued to unrelated parties










538,478
















538,478

Deferred income tax  recovery

        

  recognized on the temporary basis  difference

        

  between accounting value and

        

  face value of the 4% senior

        

  subordinated debentures

51,705

51,705

Net loss and comprehensive loss

(8,068,871)

(8,068,871)

Balances at December 31, 2004

30,435,153

30,434

19,468,306

     21,304

(16,897,937)

  

(49,738)

2,572,369

Shares issued on conversion of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures



1,157,866



1,158



577,774











578,932

Shares issued in settlement of

  4% senior subordinated

  convertible debentures at

  maturity




485,672




486




242,349
















242,835

Deferred financing costs transferred to additional paid in capital on conversion of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures into common shares
















(163,980)


























(163,980)

Fair value of stock purchase

  options issued to unrelated

  parties for services rendered










211,496















211,496

Fair value of modifications to stock purchase warrants previously issued to unrelated parties










61,162
















61,162

Shares issued on the exercise of stock purchase warrants



805,000



805



401,695











402,500

Deferred income tax  recovery

        

  recognized on the temporary basis  difference

        

  between accounting value and

        

  face value of the 4% senior

        

  subordinated debentures

152,295

152,295

Net loss and comprehensive loss

(4,357,954)

(4,357,954)

         

Balances at December 31, 2005

32,883,691

$ 32,883

$20,951,097

$     21,304

$ (21,255,891)

$                  -

  

$(49,738)

$ (300,345)


See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.




7




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency) and Comprehensive Loss

For the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006

 (Unaudited)




 

Number

Common stock amount


Additional paid-in capital

Retained earnings prior to entering development stage

Deficit accumulated during development stage

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

Treasury stock

Total

   

(restated)

 

(restated)

   

Balances at December 31, 2005

32,883,691

$ 32,883

$20,951,097

$     21,304

$ (21,255,891)

$                 –

$(49,738)

$    (300,345)

Shares issued in consideration of consulting services (note 5(a))


300,000


300


59,700






60,000

Fair value of unvested employee stock options earned during period (note 5(d))







14,380











14,380

Net loss and comprehensive loss

(877,864)

(877,864)

         

Balances at March 31, 2006

33,183,691

$ 33,183

$21,025,177

$     21,304

$ (22,133,755)

$                  -

  

$(49,738)

$ (1,103,829)


































See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial



8




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005

And for the Period from August 3, 1999 to March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)

 

Three Months

Ended

March 31,

Period from August 3, 1999 to March 31,

 

2006

2005

2006

Cash flows from operating activities:


(restated)


Net loss

$ (877,864)

$(1,324,739)

$ (22,133,755)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in

   Operating activities:

   

Depreciation of property and equipment

17,893

21,866

342,582

Non-cash compensation expense

116,058

30,209

2,354,905

Non-cash interest and financing expense

10,555

371,490

2,981,048

Non-cash penalties

--

--

110,400

Write-off of prepaid services

--

--

496,869

Write-off of deferred consulting services

--

--

1,048,100

Currency translation adjustment on liquidation of

   investment in foreign subsidiary


--


--


(26,212)

Gain on sale of property and equipment

--

--

(7,442)

Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt

--

--

(93,507)

Write-off of accounts receivable

--

--

16,715

Write-off of due to related party

--

--

12,575

Loss on cash pledged as collateral for operating lease

--

--

21,926

Write-down of property and equipment

--

--

14,750

Deferred income tax expense

--

108,102

--

Increase (decrease) in cash resulting from changes in:

   

 Accounts receivable

67,685

(14,358)

3,453

 Prepaid expenses

17,998

7,692

(104,729)

 Due to a related party

--

--

(5,178)

 Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

248,839

(64,934)

2,312,729

 Deferred revenue

130,000

--

155,000

Net cash used in operating activities

(268,836)

(864,672)

(12,499,771)

    

Cash flows from investing activities:

   

Additions to property and equipment

--

(19,299)

(526,543)

Proceeds on sale of property and equipment

--

--

            176,890

Cash pledged as collateral for operating lease

--

--

(21,926)

Net cash used in investing activities

--

(19,299)

(371,579)

    

Cash flows from financing activities:

   

Capital lease repayments

(918)

(833)

(5,106)

Increase in due from related party

--

--

12,575

Issuance of common shares

--

--

8,030,000

Share issuance costs

--

--

(631,624)

Proceeds from exercise of stock purchase warrants

--

--

402,500

Redemption of common stock

--

--

(49,738)

Issuance of promissory notes

220,200

--

3,328,931

Issuance of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures

--

--

2,000,000

Debt issuance costs

--

--

(231,779)

Repayment of promissory notes

--

--

(16,000)

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

219,282

(833)

12,839,759

    

Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

--

--

18,431

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

(49,554)

(884,804)

(13,160)

Cash and cash equivalents:

   

Beginning of period

71,193

2,747,975

34,799

End of period

$21,639

$  1,863,171

$21,639

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim period consolidated condensed financial statements.



9




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


Validian Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in the State of Nevada on April 12, 1989 as CCC Funding Corp.  The Company underwent several name changes before being renamed to Validian Corporation on January 28, 2003.


Since August 3, 1999, the efforts of the Company have been devoted primarily to the development of a high speed, highly secure method of exchanging data files using the internet, and to the sale and marketing of the Company’s products.  Prior to August 3, 1999, the Company provided consulting services for web site implementation, multimedia CD design, computer graphic publication, as well as implementation of dedicated software solutions used in connection with the French Minitel and the internet.  As the Company commenced development activities on this date, it is considered for financial accounting purposes to be a development stage enterprise and August 3, 1999 is the commencement of the development stage.


1.  Basis of Presentation


The accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements include the accounts of Validian Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") after elimination of all significant intercompany balances and transactions. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. While management has based its assumptions and estimates on the facts and circumstances currently known, final amounts may differ from such estimates.


The interim financial statements contained herein are unaudited but, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring entries) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2006 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. Moreover, these financial statements do not purport to contain complete disclosure in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles used in the United States of America and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements at and for the year ended December 31, 2005.


The consolidated condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern.  The Company has no revenues, has an accumulated deficit of $22,133,755 as at March 31, 2006, and has incurred a loss of $877,864 and negative cash flow from operations of $268,836 for the three months then ended.  The Company also expects to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, and has no lines of credit or other financing facilities in place.


During April and May 2006, the Company received cash proceeds of $10,000, $25,000 and $250,000 from the exercise of certain warrants, the issuance of 12% promissory notes, and the issuance of its Series A Promissory Notes, respectively.  It expects to incur operating expenditures of approximately $3.5 million for the year ending December 31, 2006.  In the event the Company cannot raise the additional funds necessary to finance its research and development and sales and marketing activities, it may have to cease operations.


All of the factors above raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.  Management’s plans to address these issues include raising capital through the private placement of equity, the exercise of previously-issued equity instruments and through the issuance of additional promissory notes.  The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is subject to management’s ability to successfully implement these plans.  Failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s position and or results of operations and could also result in the Company ceasing operations.  The consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments that would be required if the assets are not realized and the liabilities settled in the normal course of operations.




10





VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


1.  Basis of Presentation (continued)


Even if successful in obtaining financing in the near term, the Company cannot be certain that cash generated from its future operations will be sufficient to satisfy its liquidity requirements in the longer term, and it may need to continue to raise capital by issuing additional equity or by obtaining credit facilities.  The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the market acceptance of its products and the level of its promotional activities and advertising required to generate product sales.  No assurance can be given that any such additional funding will be available or that, if available, it can be obtained on terms favorable to the Company.


2.  Significant Accounting Policies


(a)  Property and equipment:


Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and includes computer hardware and software, furniture and equipment, equipment under capital lease and leasehold improvements.  These assets are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as follows:  computer hardware, furniture and equipment:  3 years; equipment under capital lease:  over the term of the lease, being 4 years; computer software:  1 year; leasehold improvements:  over the term of the lease, being 2 years.


(b)  Leases:


Leases are classified as either capital or operating in nature.  Capital leases are those which substantially transfer the benefits and risk of ownership to the Company.  Assets acquired under capital leases are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, being 4 years.  Obligations recorded under capital leases are reduced by the principal portion of lease payments.  The imputed interest portion of lease payments is charged to expense.


(c)  Deferred consulting services:


Deferred consulting services represent the portion of prepaid non-cash consulting fees for services to be rendered in periods in excess of twelve months from the balance sheet date.  Prepaid non-cash consulting fees related to services to be rendered within twelve months are included in prepaid expenses on the balance sheet.  These costs will be charged to expenses as the services are rendered.  If for any reason circumstances arise which would indicate that the services will not be performed in the future, these prepaid non-cash consulting fees will be charged to expense immediately.


(d)  Revenue recognition:


For sales of product licenses, the Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Statement of Position 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition” (“SOP 97-2”), as amended by Statement of Position 98-9, “Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions”, issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.  Revenue from sale of product licenses is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:  persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectibility is probable.


Revenue from product support contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the contract.  Revenue from services is recognized at the time such services are rendered.


For contracts with multiple elements such as product licenses, product support and services, the Company follows the residual method.  Under this method, the total fair value of the undelivered elements of the contract, as indicated by vendor specific objective evidence, is deferred and subsequently recognized in accordance with the provisions of SOP 97-2.  The difference between the total contract fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the delivered elements.  Vendor specific objective evidence for support and consulting services is obtained from contracts where these elements have been sold separately.  Where the Company cannot determine the fair value of all of the obligations, the revenue is deferred until such time as it can be determined or the element is delivered.




11




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


2.  Significant accounting policies (continued)


(e)  New accounting policy - stock based compensation


Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 123R “Share-Based Payment – a revision of FAS 123” (SFAS 123R) to account for its stock-based payments.  SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments, including stock options granted by the Company to its employees, to be recognized as expenses, based on the fair value of the share-based payments at the date of grant.  For purposes of estimating the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation, the Company uses the Black Scholes option-pricing model, and has elected to treat awards with graded vesting as a single award.  The fair value of awards granted is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which in the Company’s circumstances is the stated vesting period of the award.


In adopting SFAS 123R, the Company has applied the modified-prospective transition method.  Under this method, the Company will recognize compensation costs for all share-based payments granted, modified, or settled after January 1, 2006, as well as for any awards that were granted prior to January 1, 2006 for which the requisite service had not been provided as of that date (unvested awards).  Under the modified prospective method, prior periods are not adjusted, and the Company continues to provide pro forma disclosure for these periods, as presented below.


For reporting periods ending on or before December 31, 2005, the Company applied the intrinsic value-based method of accounting prescribed by Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and related interpretations including FASB Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation an interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25” issued in March 2000, to account for its stock options granted to employees.  Under this method, compensation expense was recorded on the date of grant only if the then current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price.  Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans.  These provisions were required to be applied to stock compensation granted to non-employees.  As permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company elected to apply the intrinsic value-based method of accounting described above for awards granted to employees, and adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123, for reporting periods ending on or before December 31, 2005.  


Had compensation costs in respect of options granted to employees been determined using the fair value based method at the grant date, the Company’s pro forma net loss and basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2005 would have been as follows:


 

March 31, 2005

Net loss, as reported

$(1,324,739)

Add stock-based employee compensation expense

 

  included in net loss

--

Deduct total stock-based employee compensation expense

 

  determined under the fair value-based method for all        

 

  awards

(161,585)

Pro forma net loss

$(1,486,324)

  

Loss per share:

 

  Basic and diluted - as reported

$(0.04)

  Basic and diluted – pro forma

$(0.04)







12




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)



2.  Significant accounting policies (continued)

 

(f)  New accounting policy – income tax consequences of issuing convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature:


In September 2005, the FASB ratified the consensus reached by the Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) on Issue 05-8, “Income Tax Consequences of Issuing Convertible Debt with a Beneficial Conversion Feature” (“EITF 05-8”).  The Task Force reached the following consensus:


·

The issuance of convertible debt with a beneficial conversion feature results in a basis difference in applying FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.”  Recognition of such a feature effectively creates a debt instrument and a separate equity instrument for reporting purposes, whereas the convertible debt is treated entirely as a debt instrument for income tax purposes;

·

The resulting basis difference should be deemed a temporary difference because it will result in a taxable amount when the recorded amount of the liability is recovered or settled;

·

Recognition of deferred income tax for the temporary difference should be reported as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital.


The foregoing consensus is effective for reporting periods commencing after December 15, 2005, and is required to be applied retrospectively to all debt instruments containing beneficial conversion features that are subject to EITF 00-27, “Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Debt Instruments,” and thus is applicable to debt instruments converted or extinguished in prior periods but which are still presented in the financial statements.


The Company has accounted for the effect of applying the consensus retrospectively with respect to its’ 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures, which matured on December 31, 2005.  The effects of this change on the comparative information presented in the current financial statements are an increase in deferred income tax expense and net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2005 of $108,102.  Additional paid-in capital, net loss and comprehensive loss and deficit accumulated during the development stage presented in the unaudited consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity (deficiency) and comprehensive loss for the period from December 31, 1998 to March 31, 2006 have been adjusted as follows:  adjustments to deferred income taxes payable resulted in an increase (decrease) in additional paid-in capital for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 of ($204,000), $51,705 and $152,295, respectively; net loss and comprehensive loss, and  deficit accumulated during the development stage for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004 and 2005 have been increased (decreased) by $(204,000), $51,705 and $152,295, respectively, as a result of adjustments to deferred income tax allowance, which reduced the net deferred income tax liability to $nil for each of these years.




















13




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


3.  Promissory Notes Payable

   

 

March 31,

2006

 

December 31,

2005

Promissory notes payable, bearing interest at 12%,

   due on demand, unsecured


$       516,521

 


$      296,321



4. Capital Lease Obligation


During April 2004, the Company entered into a capital lease arrangement in respect of office equipment.  Future minimum payments remaining under this agreement are approximately as follows:


Year ended December 31:

 

  2006

$   4,655

  2007

6,207

  2008

  1,551

Total minimum lease payments

  12,413

Less amount representing interest, at 23.9%

  2,753

  Present value of net minimum lease payments

9,660

Current portion of capital lease obligation

  4,265

 

$   5,395

  



5.  Stockholders’ Equity


(a)  Common stock transactions


During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company issued 300,000 shares of its common stock, valued at $60,000, to an unrelated party in consideration for consulting services rendered prior to March 31, 2006.


(b)  Transactions involving stock purchase warrants


There were no transactions involving stock purchase warrants during the three months ended March 31, 2006.  


Following is a description of stock purchase warrants outstanding at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005:


   

Outstanding

Outstanding

 

Exercise

 

March 31,

December 31,

 

Price

Expiry

2006

2005

Series E

$0.33

December, 2007

2,155,000

2,155,000

Series F

0.50

May, 2007

3,146,000

3,146,000

Series G

0.75

December, 2006

400,000

400,000

Series H

0.50

December, 2006

2,672,500

2,672,500

Series I

0.90

March, 2009

3,513,333

3,513,333

   

11,886,833

11,886,833







14




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


5.  Stockholders’ Equity (continued)


(c)

Transactions involving stock options


The Company has two incentive equity plans, under which a maximum of 7,000,000 options to purchase 7,000,000 common shares may be granted to officers, employees and consultants of the Company.  The granting of options, and the terms associated with them, occurs at the discretion of the board of directors, who administers the plan.  As of March 31, 2006, there were a total of 5,002,302 options granted under these plans, with exercise prices ranging from $0.33 to $0.90, and expiry dates ranging from May 7, 2008 to January 1, 2011.  4,577,302 of these options vested immediately upon issuance; 425,000 vest on dates ranging from November 1, 2006 to January 1, 2009.  1,997,698 options remained available for grant under these plans as of March 31, 2006.


During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to an employee as an incentive to enter into full-time employment with the Company.  The options vest on various dates between January 1, 2007 and January 1, 2009; have an exercise price of $0.67; and an expiry date for unexercised options of January 12, 2011, with provision for early forfeiture in the event the holder ceases to be employed by the Company prior to the stated expiry date.     The fair value of these options at date of grant was $19,556, determined using the following weighted average assumptions:  expected dividend yield 0%; risk-free interest rate of 4.39%; expected volatility of 158%; an expected life of 5 years; and an expected forfeiture rate of 1.5%.  


In accordance with the Company’s policy in respect of stock options granted to employees (note 2(e)), the Company has included $1,436, representing the fair value of these options earned during the three month period ended March 31, 2006, in selling general and administrative expenses for the period ended March 31, 2006.  $18,120, representing the fair value of the options attributable to the period remaining until the options are fully vested, will be recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the period from April 1, 2006 to January 1, 2009.  


During the three months ended March 31, 2006, the Company also included in expenses the following amounts related to options granted to employees during 2005, which were unvested as at December 31, 2005:  $9,631 was included in selling, general and administrative expense; and $3,313 was included in research and development expense.  $98,905, representing the fair value of the options attributable to the period remaining until the options are fully vested, will be recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the remaining service periods, which range from April 1, 2006 to January 1, 2011.

During the three months ended March 31, 2006, 350,000 stock options granted to employees during 2005 were forfeited as a result of the termination of the related employment agreements.


A summary of stock options outstanding at March 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 is as follows:


 

Three months ended March 31, 2006

Year ended December 31, 2005

  

Weighted

 

Weighted

  

Average

 

Average

  

Exercise

 

Exercise

 

# of Options

Price

# of Options

Price

Options outstanding, beginning of period

5,252,302

$  0.53

3,912,302

$  0.33

Granted

100,000

0.67

2,750,000

    0.73

Forfeited

350,000

0.87

1,410,000

    0.37

Options outstanding, end of period

5,002,302

0.51

5,252,302

$  0.53


Options exercisable, end of period


4,577,302


$  0.50


4,927,302


$  0.59






15




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)



5.  Stockholders’ Equity (continued)


(c)

Transactions involving stock options (continued)


The following table summarizes information regarding stock options outstanding at March 31, 2006:


Options

Outstanding

Options

Exercisable

  

Weighted

Weighted

 

Weighted

 

Number

average

average

Number

average

Exercise

outstanding

remaining

exercise

outstanding

exercise

price

At 03/31/06

contractual life

price

At 03/31/06

price

$  0.33

2,602,302

3.2 years

$  0.33

2,602,302

$  0.33

0.50

375,000

4.7 years

0.50

225,000

0.50

0.67

500,000

4.7 years

0.67

225,000

0.67

0.76

1,475,000

4.3 years

0.76

1,475,000

0.76

0.90

50,000

3.2 years

0.90

50,000

0.90

 

5,002,302

 

$  0.51

4,577,302

$  0.50


(d)

Stock-based compensation


The following table presents the total of stock-based compensation included in the expenses of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and 2005:


 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

2006

2005

Selling, general and administrative:

  

  Relating to the amortization of prepaid consulting fees recorded in 2003 and 2005

  

    on the issuance of warrants and on the extension of the expiry date of previously-

  

    issued warrants, respectively, in exchange for services to be rendered

$ 41,678

$ 30,209

  Relating to the issuance of common stock as compensation for services rendered

60,000

--

  Fair value of unvested employee stock options earned during period

11,067

 

Total stock-based compensation included in selling,

  

     general and administrative expenses

112,745

30,209

   

Research and development:

  

    Fair value of unvested employee stock options earned during period

3,313

--

Total stock-based compensation included in research and development expenses

3,313

--

   

Total stock-based compensation included in expenses

$ 116,058

$30,209






16




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)




6.  Interest and Financing Costs


The following table sets forth the charges to interest and financing costs during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005:


 

Three Months Ended

March 31,

 

2006

2005

Interest and financing costs relating to 4% senior convertible debentures:  

  

  Accrued interest

$           --

$      4,336

  Accretion of the debentures payable

--

317,946

  Amortization of deferred financing costs

--

40,440

 

--

362,722

Accrued interest on 12% promissory notes

10,555

8,768

Interest portion of capital lease payments

635

786

Total interest and financing costs

$   11,190

$  372,276


On December 30, 2003, and on January 26 and January 30, 2004, the Company issued $600,000, $650,000 and $750,000, respectively, in 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures, which matured on December 31, 2005.  Under the terms of the debentures, the holder was permitted, at any time, to convert all or a portion of the outstanding principal plus accrued interest into common stock of the Company at a ratio of one common share for each $0.50 of debt converted.  At maturity, the Company had the option of repaying any principal plus accrued interest which had not been converted into common stock by the holder, either in cash or in common shares of the Company, at a ratio of one common share for each $0.50 of debt outstanding.  


Holders of the debentures were also granted 1,400,000 Series H warrants to purchase common stock of the Company at the ratio of seven warrants granted for each ten dollars invested.  In accordance with APB 14, “Accounting for Convertible Debt and Debt Issued with Stock Purchase Warrants”, $1,216,708, representing the relative fair value of the Series H warrants at the issuance date, was allocated to the warrants and recorded as additional paid-in capital.


At the date of issuance, the conversion feature of the debentures was “in-the-money”.  The intrinsic value of this beneficial conversion feature was $783,292.  In accordance with EITF 98-5, “Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios” and EITF 00-27, “Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments”, this amount was recorded as additional paid-in capital.


The 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures were accreted to their face value through periodic charges to interest expense over the term of the debentures.


In connection with the placement of the debentures, the Company incurred costs of $1,486,279, of which $1,254,500 was financed through the issuance of the Company’s Series H warrants and common shares. These costs were deferred at date of issuance of the debentures, and amortized on a straight-line basis over their two-year term.













17




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)

 

7.  Loss Per Share


For the purposes of the loss per share computation, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding has been used.  Had the treasury stock method been applied to the unexercised stock options and warrants, the effect on the loss per share would be anti-dilutive.


The following securities could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future but have not been included in diluted earnings per share because their effect was antidilutive:


 

March 31,

2006

 

March 31,

2005

Stock options

5,002,302

 

3,052,302

Series E stock purchase warrants

2,155,000

 

2,155,000

Series F stock purchase warrants

3,146,000

 

3,896,000

Series G stock purchase warrants

400,000

 

400,000

Series H stock purchase warrants

2,672,500

 

2,727,500

Series I stock purchase warrants

3,513,333

 

3,513,333

 

16,889,135

 

15,744,135



8.  Related Party Transactions


As discussed further in note 9(b), the Company subleases excess office space to a related party.  



9.  Guarantees and Commitments


(a) Guarantees


The Company has entered into agreements which contain features which meet the definition of a guarantee under FASB Interpretation No. 45 (“FIN 45”).  FIN 45 defines a guarantee to be a contract that contingently requires the Company to make payments (either in cash, financial instruments, other assets, common stock of the Company or through the provision of services) to a third party based on changes in an underlying economic characteristic (such as interest rates or market value) that is related to an asset, liability or an equity security of the other party.


The Company has the following guarantees which are subject to the disclosure requirements of FIN 45:  


(i) In the normal course of business, the Company entered into a lease agreement for facilities.  As the lessee, the Company agreed to indemnify the lessor for liabilities that may arise from the use of the leased facility.  The maximum amount potentially payable under the foregoing indemnity cannot be reasonably estimated.  The Company has liability insurance that relates to the indemnification described above.   




18




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)


9.  Guarantees and Commitments (continued)


(a) Guarantees (continued)


(ii) The Company includes standard intellectual property indemnification clauses in its software license and service agreements.  Pursuant to these clauses, the Company holds harmless and agrees to defend the indemnified party, generally the Company’s business partners and customers, in connection with certain patent, copyright or trade secret infringement claims by third parties with respect to the Company’s products.  The term of the indemnification clauses is generally perpetual any time after execution of the software license and service agreement.  In the event an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified party is successful, the Company, at its sole option, agrees to do one of the following:  (i) procure for the indemnified party the right to continue use of the software; (ii) provide a modification to the software so that its use becomes non-infringing; (iii) replace the software with software which is substantially similar in functionality and performance; or (iv) refund the residual value of the software license fees paid by the indemnified party for the infringing software.  The Company believes the estimated fair value of these intellectual property indemnification clauses is minimal.  


Historically, the Company has not made any significant payments related to the above-noted indemnities and accordingly, no liability related to the contingent features of these guarantees has been accrued in the financial statements.


(b)  Commitment  


During April 2004, the Company entered into a lease agreement for office space.  In July 2005, the option to extend the initial lease period for an additional year was exercised.  Minimum annual rent payable under this contract is approximately as follows:


2006

$

53,747

2007

 

23,888

   

Total

$

77,635


Effective July 1, 2004, the Company also entered into an agreement to sublease excess office space to a related company.  The companies are related by virtue of an officer and director of Validian Corporation being also an officer and director of the other company.  Included in accounts receivable is $nil (December 31, 2005 - $5,508) in rent receivable pursuant to this sublease agreement.  Rental expense for the period, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses, has been reduced by sublease income of $7,794 (2005 - $7,867).  The anticipated remaining sublease income is approximately as follows:  2006 - $23,134; and 2007 - $10,282.  The transaction has been recorded at the exchange amount.


Rent expense incurred under the operating lease for the three months ended March 31, 2006, net of sublease income was $29,059 (2005 - $27,270).  


















19




VALIDIAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

A DEVELOPMENT STAGE ENTERPRISE

Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

March 31, 2006

(Unaudited)

10.  Supplementary Cash Flow Information


The Company paid no income taxes during the three months ended March 31, 2006, nor during the three months ended March 31, 2005.   Interest paid in cash during the three months ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005 were $2,223 and $786, respectively.


Non-cash financing activities are excluded from the consolidated condensed statement of cash flows.  The following is a summary of such activities for the three months ended March 31, 2006 and March 31, 2005:


 

2006

2005

   

Conversion of 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures and

  

  accrued interest, net of deferred financing cost of $148,659

$            -

$   351,033

Elimination of $54,965 in accrued liabilities through the granting of 150,000 stock

  

 options to consultants for services rendered during 2004

-

54,965

     Total

$            -

$   405,998



11.  Subsequent Events


On April 20, 2006, holders of the Series H warrants exercised a total of 20,000 warrants, and purchased 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for proceeds of $10,000.  


On April 28, 2006, the Company received $25,000 under its 12% promissory notes.  The note was issued under the same provisions as those issued previously, as described in Note 3.


On May 11, 2006, the Company received $250,000 in exchange for the issuance of its Series A senior secured promissory notes.  The Series A senior secured promissory notes are secured by a first position lien on all of the assets of the Company; bear interest at the rate of 10%, unless repaid on or before the date which is 90 days prior to maturity, in which case the interest rate will be adjusted to 7%; mature on May 11, 2007, at which time the outstanding principal and accrued interest thereon for the final quarter of the term will become payable in full; require quarterly interest payments; and provide for pre-payment in part or in full at any time without penalty or bonus.  The notes and accrued interest thereon are convertible, at the sole discretion of the holder, into common shares of the Company, at such time as the Company completes its next round of equity financing, at the same terms as the equity financing transaction.  Additionally, the Company issued 1,250,000 shares of its common stock (5 shares for each dollar advanced) to the holder pursuant to the terms of this note.  In the event the Company has not repaid at least $125,000 of the outstanding principal advanced under this note on or before August 10, 2006, the holder is entitled to receive a further 1,250,000 shares of common stock of the Company.   










20




Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operations


FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION


We caution readers that certain important factors may affect our actual results and could cause such results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements that we make in this report.  For this purpose, any statements that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements.  This report contains statements that constitute “forward-looking statements.”  These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of predictive, future-tense or forward-looking terminology, such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “estimates,” “plans,” “may,” or similar terms.  These statements appear in a number of places in this report and include statements regarding our intent, belief or current expectations with respect to many things, some of which are:


·

trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations for our limited history;

·

our business and growth strategies;

·

our technology;

·

the Internet; and

·

our financing plans.


We caution readers that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve significant risks and uncertainties.  In fact, actual results most likely will differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors.  Some factors that could adversely affect actual results and performance include:


·

our limited operating history;

·

our lack of sales to date;

·

our future requirements for additional capital funding;

·

the failure of our technology and products to perform as specified;

·

the discontinuance of growth in the use of the Internet;

·

the enactment of new adverse government regulations; and

·

the development of better technology and products by others.


You should carefully consider and evaluate all of these factors.  In addition, we do not undertake to update forward-looking statements after we file this report with the SEC, even if new information, future events or other circumstances have made them incorrect or misleading.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES


We prepare our financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.  The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Significant accounting policies and methods used in preparation of the financial statements are described in note 2 to our 2005 Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2005, and updated in note 2 to our March 31, 2006 Interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB.  We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on a regular basis, based on historical experience and other relevant factors.  Actual results could differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.  The following critical accounting policies are impacted by judgments, assumptions and estimates used in preparation of our March 31, 2006 Interim Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.


Revenue recognition:


For sales of product licenses, we recognize revenue in accordance with Statement of Position 97-2, “Software Revenue Recognition” (“SOP 97-2”), as amended by Statement of Position 98-9, “Software Revenue Recognition with Respect to Certain Transactions”, issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.  Revenue from sale of product licenses is recognized when all of the following criteria are met:  persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the fee is fixed or determinable and collectibility is probable.




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Revenue from product support contracts is recognized ratably over the life of the contract.  Revenue from services is recognized at the time such services are rendered.


For contracts with multiple elements such as product licenses, product support and services, we follow the residual method.  Under this method, the total fair value of the undelivered elements of the contract, as indicated by vendor specific objective evidence, is deferred and subsequently recognized in accordance with the provisions of SOP 97-2.  The difference between the total contract fee and the amount deferred for the undelivered elements is recognized as revenue related to the delivered elements.  Vendor specific objective evidence for support and consulting services is obtained from contracts where these elements have been sold separately.  Where we cannot determine the fair value of all of the obligations, the revenue is deferred until such time as it can be determined or the element is delivered.


Long-lived assets:


We perform impairment tests on our long-lived assets if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an impairment loss may have occurred.  We estimate the useful lives of capital assets and deferred charges based on the nature of the asset, historical experience and the terms of any supplier contracts.  The valuation of long-lived assets is based on the amount of future net cash flows these assets are estimated to generate.  Revenue and expense projections are based on management’s estimates, including estimates of current and future industry conditions.  A significant change to these assumptions could impact the estimated useful lives or valuation of long-lived assets resulting in a change to depreciation or amortization expense and impairment charges.  


Research and development expenses:


We expense all of our research and development expenses in the period in which they are incurred.  At such time as our product is determined to be commercially available, we will capitalize those development expenditures that are related to the maintenance of the commercial products, and amortize these capitalized expenditures over the estimated life of the commercial product.  The estimated life of the commercial product will be based on management’s estimates, including estimates of current and future industry conditions.  A significant change to these assumptions could impact the estimated useful life of our commercial product resulting in a change to amortization expense and impairment charges.


Stock based compensation:


Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 123R “Share-Based Payment – a revision of FAS 123” (SFAS 123R) to account for its stock-based payments.  SFAS 123R requires all share-based payments, including stock options granted by the Company to its employees, to be recognized as expenses, based on the fair value of the share-based payments at the date of grant.  For purposes of estimating the grant date fair value of stock-based compensation, the Company uses the Black Scholes option-pricing model, and has elected to treat awards with graded vesting as a single award.  The fair value of awards granted is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which in the Company’s circumstances is the stated vesting period of the award.


In adopting SFAS 123R, the Company has applied the modified-prospective transition method.  Under this method, the Company will recognize compensation costs for all share-based payments granted, modified, or settled after January 1, 2006, as well as for any awards that were granted prior to January 1, 2006 for which the requisite service had not been provided as of that date (unvested awards).  Under the modified prospective method, prior periods are not adjusted, and the Company continues to provide pro forma disclosure for these periods, as presented below.


For reporting periods ending on or before December 31, 2005, the Company applied the intrinsic value-based method of accounting prescribed by Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related interpretations including FASB Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain Transactions involving Stock Compensation an interpretation of APB Opinion No. 25” issued in March 2000, to account for its stock options granted to employees.  Under this method, compensation expense was recorded on the date of grant only if the then current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price.  Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans.  These provisions were required to be applied to stock compensation granted to non-employees.  As permitted by SFAS No. 123, the Company elected to apply the intrinsic value-based method of accounting described above for awards granted to employees, and adopted the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123, for reporting periods ending on or before December 31, 2005.  




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Had compensation costs in respect of options granted to employees been determined using the fair value based method at the grant date, the Company’s pro forma net loss and basic and diluted loss per share for the three months ended March 31, 2005 would have been as follows:


 

March 31, 2005

Net loss, as reported

$(1,324,739)

Add stock-based employee compensation expense

 

  included in net loss

--

Deduct total stock-based employee compensation expense

 

  determined under the fair value-based method for all        

 

  awards

(161,585)

Pro forma net loss

$(1,486,324)

  

Loss per share:

 

  Basic and diluted - as reported

$(0.04)

  Basic and diluted – pro forma

$(0.04)



RESULTS OF OPERATIONS


The Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2005


Revenue:  We completed our first commercial sale during the third quarter of 2005, however we were unable to recognize revenue in connection with this sale, as all of the criteria required for us to do so as set out in our accounting policies were not met.  During April 2006 we determined that collection of the amount invoiced in connection with this sale was in jeopardy, and have recorded an allowance against the entire amount, as an offset against deferred revenue.  


On January 1, 2006, we entered into an agreement with a Value Added Reseller (“VAR”), pursuant to which we granted the VAR a license to sell our software to the VAR’s customers for a period of three years.  Our fee for this license, excluding applicable sales taxes, was $155,000, of which $151,650 had been received as of the financial statement date.  We will recognize revenue in connection with this sale once all of the criteria required for us to do so as set out in our accounting policies, have been met.


Since August 1999 we have directed all of our attention towards the completion, and sales and marketing of, our software applications.  We believe that if we are successful in our development and sales and marketing efforts, we will generate a source of revenues in the future from sales and/or licensing of our software applications


Selling, general and administrative expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs, professional fees, insurance, communication expenses, occupancy costs and other miscellaneous costs associated with supporting our research and development and sales and marketing activities.  During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we incurred a total of $550,736, including $437,991 in cash-based expenses and $112,745 in stock-based expenses, as compared to $509,773, of which $479,564 was cash-based and $30,209 was stock-based expense, during the three months ended March 31, 2005.  There was an overall increase in selling, general and administrative expenses of $40,963 (8%), comprised of a $82,536 (273%) increase in the stock-based component, which was partially offset by a $41,573 (9%) decrease in the cash-based component of this expense.  The decrease in the cash-based component of selling, general and administrative expenses occurred primarily as a result of a reduction in the level of activity of our sales and marketing departments, as compared to the level of activity of these departments during the three months ended March 31, 2005, during which we were in the process of scaling back expenditures in these departments, following a delay in the expected release date of one of our products.  Throughout 2005, selling and marketing costs were held at a sustainable level, in anticipation of the next commercial release of our products.   


The reduction in cash-based costs incurred by our sales and marketing departments, was partially offset by an increase in cash-based administrative expenses, which occurred primarily as a result of: i) $36,000 in cash-based investor relation consultants’ fees incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2006, for which there was no comparable cost during the three months ended March 31, 2005; partially offset by (ii) $22,000 incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2005 in relation to our annual general meeting, for which there was no comparable expense during the three months ended March 31, 2006, resulting in a net increase for these two costs of $14,000.



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The stock-based component of selling, general and administrative expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2006 consisted of the amortization of prepaid consulting fees recognized on the issuance of warrants during 2003, and on the extension, during the three months ended September 30, 2005, of the expiry date of warrants issued during 2003; the fair value of common stock issued to consultants as compensation for services provided; and the fair value of unvested employee stock options earned during the period.  The stock-based component of this expense for the three-month period ended March 31, 2005 consisted of the amortization of prepaid consulting fees recognized on the issuance of warrants during 2003 only.  


We began marketing our software applications during the third quarter of 2002, and, in anticipation of the commercial release of one of our products in the fourth quarter of 2004, we ramped up our marketing and sales efforts commencing during the second quarter of 2004.    As a result of a delay in the expected release date for this software application, we scaled back the ramp-up of our sales and marketing program during the fourth quarter of 2004.  Notwithstanding this delay, our initiatives during this phase of our selling and marketing plan focus on the objective of obtaining future commercial sales of our products.  The market for software applications is extremely competitive, and is dominated by well-known, established companies.  Moreover, the sales cycle in our segment is typically long.  For these reasons, we have incurred, and will continue to incur, significant sales and marketing expenses in advance of any of our software applications reaching the stage of being ready for full commercial release.  


Research and development expenses: Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs and consulting expenses directly associated with the development of our software applications.  During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we incurred $303,393 developing our software applications, which represents a decrease of $19,456 (6%) from the $322,849 we incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2005.  The overall decrease is due primarily to costs associated with external consultants engaged during the three months ended March 31, 2005, to perform technical writing and testing of our products, for which there were no comparable costs during the three months ended March 31, 2006. There was also a decrease in the size of the Europe-based contract development group from an average of 24 personnel during the three months ended March 31, 2005, to an average of 22 personnel during the three months ended March 31, 2006.    


Interest and financing costs:  Interest and financing costs consist of interest and financing costs associated with our 4% senior convertible debentures, interest on promissory notes payable and interest on the capital lease. During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we incurred $11,190 in interest and financing costs, a decrease of $361,086 (97%) over the $372,276 in interest and financing costs incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2005.  Of the $372,276 in interest and financing costs we incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2005, $362,722 related to our 4% senior subordinated convertible debentures, which matured on December 31, 2005, resulting in there being no comparable cost during the three months ended March 31, 2006.


Interest on our 12% promissory notes increased by $1,787 (20%), from $8,768 during the three months ended March 31, 2005, to $10,555 during the three months ended March 31, 2006.  This increase occurred as a result of an additional $220,200 in principal being advanced to us during the period from February 16 to March 27, 2006, which increased the balance on which interest was charged during part of the period.  There was a decrease of $151 in the amount of interest incurred on our capital lease, as a result of a reduction in the principal outstanding.  


Net Loss: We incurred a loss of $877,864 ($0.03 per share) for the three months ended March 31, 2006, compared to a loss of $1,216,637 ($0.04 per share) for the three months ended March 31, 2005.  Our revenues and future profitability are substantially dependent on our ability to:


·

license the software applications to a sufficient number of clients;

·

be cash-flow positive on an ongoing basis;

·

modify the successful software applications, over time, to provide enhanced benefits to then-existing users; and

·

successfully develop related software applications.




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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES


General: Since inception, we have funded our operations from private placements of debt and equity securities.  In addition, until September 1999 we derived revenues from consulting contracts with affiliated parties, the proceeds of which were used to fund operations.  Until such time as we are able to generate adequate revenues from the licensing of our software applications, we cannot assure that we will be successful in raising additional capital, or that cash from the issuance of debt securities, the exercise of existing warrants and options, and the placements of additional equity securities, if any, will be sufficient to fund our long-term research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses.


At March 31, 2006, we had $21,639 in cash and cash equivalents, and at December 31, 2005, we had $71,193 in cash and cash equivalents.  Our cash and cash equivalents decreased during the quarter ended March 31, 2006 primarily as a result of our  net loss of $877,864, and resulting cash used in operations of $268,836, which was partially offset by an increase in cash resulting from the issuance of $220,200 in 12% promissory notes.  Our cash and cash equivalents also decreased during the quarter ended March 31, 2005 primarily as a result of our net loss of $1,216,637, and resulting cash used in operations of $864,672.  In April and May 2006, we raised an addition $25,000 through the issuance of 12% notes; $10,000 on the exercise of 20,000 Series H warrants; and $250,000 through the issuance of Series A senior secured promissory notes.


Our independent registered public accountants included an explanatory paragraph to their audit opinion issued in connection with our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005.  It states that the following conditions exist, which raise substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern:  our lack of revenues to date; our negative working capital of $441,014 and our accumulated deficit of $21,255,891 as at December 31, 2005; our loss of $4,205,659 and negative cash flow from operations of $3,035,255 for the year then ended; our expectation of continued operating losses for the foreseeable future; and the fact that we have no lines of credit or other financing facilities in place.   At March 31, 2006, we had negative working capital of $1,197,549 and an accumulated deficit of $22,133,755; for the three months then ended  we had a loss of $877,864 and negative cash flow from operations of $268,836.     


We achieved our first commercial sale during the third quarter of 2005, however we were unable to recognize revenue in connection with this sale, as all of the criteria required for us to do so as set out in our accounting policies were not met.  During April 2006 we determined that collection of the amount invoiced in connection with this sale was unlikely, and have recorded an allowance against the entire amount, as an offset against deferred revenue. On January 1, 2006 we entered into an agreement with a Value Added Reseller (“VAR”), pursuant to which we granted the VAR a license to sell our software to the VAR’s customers for a period of three years.  Our fee for this license, excluding applicable sales taxes, was $155,000, of which $151,650 had been received as of May 10, 2006.  We will recognize revenue in connection with this sale once all of the criteria required for us to do so as set out in our accounting policies, have been met.

 

We anticipate additional commercial sales during the second quarter of 2006, however we cannot be assured that this will be the case.  During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we hired one additional person in our sales department, and had one full-time employee and one part-time consultant leave the Company.  While we expect to replace the two individuals who left during the quarter, we do not expect to add any additional personnel during the next 6 months.  We have not made any material commitments for capital equipment expenditures during the next 12 months.


We have an immediate requirement for additional working capital in order to proceed with our business plan.  We review our cash needs and sources on a month-to-month basis and we are currently pursuing appropriate opportunities to raise additional capital to fund operations.  Additional sources of capital could involve issuing equity or debt.  Since February 2006, we have engaged financial advisers to provide advice to us with respect to capital raising.  However, additional funding may not be available to us on reasonable terms, if at all.  The perceived risk associated with the possible sale of a large number of shares could cause some of our stockholders to sell their stock, thus causing the price of our stock to decline.  In addition, actual or anticipated downward pressure on our stock price due to actual or anticipated issuance of stock could cause some institutions or individuals to engage in short sales of our common stock, which may itself cause the price of our stock to decline.  We may be unable to raise additional capital if our stock price is too low.  A sustained inability to raise capital could force us to limit or curtail our operations.


We expect the level of our future operating expenses to be driven by the needs of our research and development and marketing programs offset by the availability of funds.  In addition, we have since inception made an effort to keep our expenses relatively low and conserve available cash until we begin generating sufficient operating cash flow.




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Sources of Capital: Our principal sources of capital for funding our business activities have been the private placements of debt and equity securities.   During the three months ended March 31, 2006, we issued $220,200 of our 12% promissory notes, which generated cash for funding operations.  In addition, we issued 300,000 common shares in consideration for consulting services rendered, which reduced our requirement for cash.  During April and May 2006, we received $10,000 on the exercise of 20,000 Series H warrants; $25,000 on the issuance of 12% promissory notes; and $250,000 on the issuance of Series A senior secured  promissory notes.


The Company has not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements which would have provided the Company with a source of capital.


Uses of Capital:  Over the past several years, we have scaled our development activities to the level of available cash resources.  Research and development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2006 decreased by approximately 6% as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, as a result of cash conservation efforts.  Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2006 increased by approximately 8% as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2005, due to several factors, including the cash and stock-based fees paid to our financial advisors, and as explained more fully under “Results of Operation.”


During 2004, we added a total of five people to our sales and marketing team, in order to accelerate our efforts to generate future commercial sales of our products.  We also added two administrative employees, increased the area of our leased premises, and acquired new property and equipment.  Additionally, we increased the size of our contract software application development group, and hired two employees in the product development department, in order to implement revisions and enhancements to those of our products currently in use as they are identified, while continuing to develop additional products.  During the fourth quarter of 2004, and continuing through the latter part of the third quarter of 2005, we scaled back our sales and marketing program, in order to maintain a sustainable level for sales and marketing expenditures leading up to the first commercial release of our products.  We began hiring additional personnel in our sales and marketing departments during the latter part of the third quarter of 2005, in anticipation of imminent commercial sales, the first of which took place during September 2005.  We have not entered into any off-balance sheet arrangements which would have resulted in our use of capital.


The cost to implement appropriate controls and procedures to ensure compliance with Section 404 of the Act is included in our budget for 2006.


ITEM 3.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES


The term “disclosure controls and procedures” is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act.  This term refers to the controls and procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission.  


In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005, our independent registered public accounting firm advised the Board of Directors and management of certain significant internal control deficiencies that they considered to be, in the aggregate, a material weakness.  In particular, our independent registered public accounting firm identified the following weaknesses in our internal control system:  (1) a lack of segregation of duties; and (2) the lack of timely preparation of certain back up schedules.  The independent registered public accounting firm indicated that they considered these deficiencies to be reportable conditions as that term is defined under standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.  A material weakness is a significant deficiency in one or more of the internal control components that alone or in the aggregate precludes our internal controls from reducing to an appropriately low level of risk that material misstatements in our financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.  We considered these matters in connection with the period-end closing of accounts and preparation of the related consolidated financial statements and determined that no prior period financial statements were materially affected by such matters. Notwithstanding the material weakness identified by our independent registered public accountants, we believe that the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operation and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods represented in this report.


In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004, our independent registered public accounting firm advised the Board of Directors and management of certain significant internal control deficiencies that they considered to be, in the aggregate, a material weakness.  Of the five weaknesses identified by our independent registered public accountants in connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004, and as previously disclosed, we believe that three of the significant internal control deficiencies identified at that time have been remediated.  The two significant internal control deficiencies



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that were identified in regards to the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2004 that have not been remediated are those which were identified by our independent registered public accountants during the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2005.


Our size has prevented us from being able to employ sufficient resources at this time to enable us to have an adequate level of supervision and segregation of duties within our internal control system.  We will continue to monitor and assess the costs and benefits of additional staffing within the Company.


We were unable to implement improvements in all areas of concern with respect to the period covered by this report.  However, we began to implement some of the steps identified below to remediate the material weakness to the extent that our size and resources allowed us, commencing during the second quarter of 2004.   Set forth below is a discussion of the significant internal control deficiencies which have not been remediated.


Lack of segregation of duties.  Since commencing the development phase of our operations in August 1999, our size has prevented us from being able to employ sufficient resources to enable us to have an adequate level of supervision and segregation of duties within our internal control system  We have only three people involved with the processing of accounting entries:  the Office Administrator, the Controller and the Chief Financial Officer.  Therefore, it is difficult to effectively segregate accounting duties.  During the fourth quarter of 2005, we retained the services of a part-time independent consultant to assist in performing routine, month end accounting procedures, however we later determined that this individual did not meet our requirements and his services were discontinued in March 2006. We are currently seeking, but cannot be assured that we will be able to find, a qualified part time person to replace this individual.  While we strive to segregate duties as much as practicable, there is insufficient volume of transactions to justify additional full time staff.    As a result, this significant internal control deficiency had not been remediated as of the end of the period covered by this report, nor do we know if we will be able to remediate this weakness in the foreseeable future.  However, we will continue to monitor and assess the costs and benefits of additional staffing.


Lack of timely preparation of back up schedules.  During the third and fourth quarters of 2004, we expanded our accounting system in order to facilitate the more timely preparation of financial reports, and we involved the Office Administrator in some of the data entry functions of the accounting department.  Notwithstanding these measures and the more formal month end procedures implemented by us commencing in the second quarter of 2004, we continued to experience challenges in preparing our periodic external reports on a timely basis, primarily as a result of an increase in our internal and external reporting requirements due to the expansion of our operations.


When our independent registered public accountants’ audit staff arrived to start their field work with respect to our 2004 financial statements, not all of the back up schedules had been prepared.  Some of the back up schedules that we prepare to support the information in the financial statements and Form 10-KSB were not completed by us until the later stages of the field work.  As we completed the back up schedules, we identified some adjusting entries that were required to provide complete, accurate disclosure.  Our failure to timely prepare all of the relevant back up schedules resulted in a delay in the process, which contributed to our not being able to file our Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004 until April 15, 2005.  In fact, our inability to be prepared on time for our independent registered public accountants’ periodic scheduled field work caused us difficulty in meeting our filing deadlines throughout 2004.


While we did not file our Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 until May 20, 2005, we did file our Forms 10-QSB for the periods ended June 30, 2005 and September 30, 2005 on August 15, 2005 and November 14, 2005, respectively.  For the year ended December 31, 2005 we did not file our Form 10-KSB until the first week of April, 2006.  For these reporting periods, we were able to complete most of our back up prior to the arrival of our independent registered public accountants’ staff.  As such, we believe this material weakness had not been remediated as of the end of the period covered by this report, although progress in remediation had been made.  One of our objectives in seeking a qualified part time person to perform routine, month end accounting procedures, is to improve the timeliness of preparation of back up schedules and thus permit us to complete our financial reporting on a more timely basis.  


If we are unable to remediate the identified material weakness, there is a more than remote likelihood that a material misstatement to our SEC reports will not be prevented or detected, in which case investors could lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could have an adverse effect on our ability to raise additional capital and could also have an adverse effect on our stock price.


As required by the SEC rules, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report.  This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.  Based upon that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer



27




and Treasurer have concluded that our controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report due to the existence of the significant internal control deficiencies described above.


No change in our internal control over financial reporting occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2006 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.




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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION


Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


On March 15, 2006, we issued 300,000 shares of the Company’s common stock in consideration for consulting services rendered.  On April 20, 2006, holders of the Series H warrants exercised a total of 20,000 warrants, and purchased 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock for cash proceeds of $10,000.  


On May 11, 2006, the Company issued Series A senior secured promissory notes in the principal amount of $250,000 to an accredited investor.  The Series A senior secured promissory notes and accrued interest thereon are convertible, at the sole discretion of the holder, into shares of the Company’s common stock, at such time as the Company completes its next round of equity financing, at the same terms as the equity financing transaction.  In addition, the Company issued 1,250,000 shares of its common stock (5 shares for each dollar advanced) to the holder pursuant to the terms of the note.

 

The foregoing securities were issued in reliance upon the exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder.



Item 6.  Exhibits


(a)  Exhibits.


10.1

 

Series A senior secured promissory note

31.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1

 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2

 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002





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SIGNATURES


In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the small business issuer has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


VALIDIAN CORPORATION



By:    /s/   Bruce Benn

Bruce Benn


President and Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)


Dated: May 19, 2006





By:    /s/   Ronald Benn

Ronald Benn

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

(principal financial and accounting officer)


Dated:  May 19, 2006



























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